Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Internet publishing'

The scientific electronic publishing model has hitherto been an Internet based delivery of electronic articles that are essentially replicas of their paper counterparts. They contain little in the way of added semantics that may better expose the science, assist the peer review process and facilitate follow on collaborations, even though the enabling technologies have been around for some time and are mature. This thesis will examine the evolution of chemical electronic publishing over the past 15 years. It will illustrate, which the help of two frameworks, how publishers should be exploiting technologies to improve the semantics of chemical journal articles, namely their value added features and relationships with other chemical resources on the Web. The first framework is an early exemplar of structured and scalable electronic publishing where a Web content management system and a molecular database are integrated. It employs a test bed of articles from several RSC journals and supporting molecular coordinate and connectivity information. The value of converting 3D molecular expressions in chemical file formats, such as the MOL file, into more generic 3D graphics formats, such as Web3D, is assessed. This exemplar highlights the use of metadata management for bidirectional hyperlink maintenance in electronic publishing. The second framework repurposes this metadata management concept into a Semantic Web application called SemanticEye. SemanticEye demonstrates how relationships between chemical electronic articles and other chemical resources are established. It adapts the successful semantic model used for digital music metadata management by popular applications such as iTunes. Globally unique identifiers enable relationships to be established between articles and other resources on the Web and SemanticEye implements two: the Document Object Identifier (DOI) for articles and the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) for molecules. SemanticEye’s potential as a framework for seeding collaborations between researchers, who have hitherto never met, is explored using FOAF, the friend-of-a-friend Semantic Web standard for social networks.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64).<br>The Internet has been a disruptive force for many industries, but perhaps none more so than in the publishing business. While many segments of the publishing industry have made attempts to use the Internet to augment or replace existing revenue sources, none has done as little with the Internet as book publishers. This thesis will examine the computer book niche of the publishing business, review various Internet publishing models that have been employed to date, and outline opportunities and challenges that computer book publishers should consider to stay viable in the Internet age. An analysis of various Internet publishing business models will be covered along with a discussion of how Internet publishing can facilitate better methods and processes for developing content.<br>by Robbie Allen.<br>S.M.

This conference paper has been published by IFLA Journal, vol. 31, n 3, 2005, p. 229-233<br>The development of virtual libraries that offer Internet users access to full-text documents requires the team work of librarians, editors and webmasters. In this presentation, Dr. Dominique Babini, coordinator of the Latin American and the Caribbean Social Sciences Virtual Library of the Latin American Council of Social Sciences´ Network (CLACSO), proposes the option of cooperative virtual libraries and describes how they organized a distance training course via Internet for a group of librarians and editors of 18 countries of Latin American and the Caribbean, pointing out the factors that must be considered for the organization of courses via Internet

Avec les progrès des technologies numériques et des réseaux, les archéologues sont appelés à réfléchir à la grande diversité des supports pour la consultation des connaissances archéologiques. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre les caractéristiques de la publication scientifique en ligne et les solutions qu’elle apporte au travail de l’archéologue.La première partie de cette étude, dédiée à l’histoire de la recherche d’information et de la publication en archéologie, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle en France, examine les expériences des précurseurs des bases de données, puis des pionniers du traitement des textes des publications, dans la mesure où ils furent des observateurs avisés des problèmes de lecture des publications archéologiques et de l’utilisation des informations contenues. Dans la seconde partie, l’étude aborde les questions de l’élaboration de la publication scientifique en ligne, de l’apparition de l’internet à aujourd’hui, dans le contexte d’une diffusion qui tend à mettre à la disposition de chacun une large partie de l'information (Libre accès). Elle définit le processus de l’édition scientifique en ligne pour l’archéologie, à partir d’une enquête sur les fréquents supports de diffusion en ligne des ouvrages et des revues scientifiques imprimés et sur la formation de publications numériques natives, suivie d’une analyse de conceptions au sein de l’UMR 7041 Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité avec différents partenaires. Les résultats permettent de mieux comprendre les besoins fondamentaux de la communauté archéologique et de l’aider à organiser ces entreprises éditoriales<br>The nature of publishing in archaeology is changing with the advancement of digital media, and archaeologists are deeply involved in the evolution of print and digital publication. This research aims to understanding the characteristics of digital publication and the solutions it offers to archaeological research.The first part of this study concerns the history of information retrieval and publication in the second half of the twentieth century in France. It examines the foundations of archaeological computing and the start of automatic documentation in the discipline (later becoming database applications and data processing), and how other past experiences have contributed to formalizing archaeological reflection and writing.The second part of the study surveys the development of digital publishing in archaeology through time and within the context of Open Access. Through an evaluation of websites that disseminate printed books and journals as well as those publishing only in digital form, the process of online dissemination is defined (and with reference to experiences from the Unit of “Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité” with key publishing stakeholders). The results provide a key to better understand the needs of the archaeological community and assist in developing current approaches to archaeological publishing

This essay is about publishing on the Internet and aims to understand the differences between publishing information on the webpage Wikipedia (Swedish version) in contrast to other information pages on the Internet, for example blog, discussion pages, homepages etcetera. The study is based upon an article which described that 90% of the information publishers at Wikipedia belongs to a small elite of white, western, well educated men between the age of thirty to thirtythree. This study examines why people who does not belong to this heteronormativity publish information in other Internet places but not at Wikipedia.Wikipedia is an open source site, where anyone can publish and are even encouraged to do so and is often described as an utopian dream of the digital democracy, so why don´t people express themselves on Wikipedia? The method is based on two discussion groups, which are compared and analyzed. The study is based upon theoretical competence within feminist theory and conceptions such as intersectionality, heteronormativity and digital divide as well as theories about digital devices and social order. The analyses concluded that Wikipedias structure restrains people from contributing with information on the site, that is understand to be associated with true and objective information and prestige. It is also compared to the printed encyclopedia which also strengthens this understanding. And when people publish information in other coherences it is based upon their own understanding, and this requirement for true and objective information at Wikipedia hinder many.

Cette étude traite une question de grande importance en jetant la lumière sur la presse électronique arabe et fait la comparaison avec la presse digitale européenne et américaine, à travers la connaissance du phénomène de la presse électronique, ses caractéristiques, ses aspects négatifs et la situation des journalistes et leurs syndicats, leur engagement dans la déontologie professionnelle à travers leur travail dans la presse électronique.L'étude traite la faiblesse de la presse électronique arabe, son incapacité à faire la concurrence avec les journaux digitaux européens et américains. Elle jette la lumière sur les raisons de cette faiblesse, les aspects négatifs de la presse électronique arabe à cause de la faiblesse des réseaux de l'Internet et la faiblesse de ses utilisateurs dans le monde arabe, à cause de la domination des régimes arabes qui considèrent la presse électronique comme ennemie de sa domination sur la liberté de l'expression<br>This study deals with an issue of great importance in shedding light on Arabic electronic media and makes the comparison with European and American digital press, through the knowledge of the phenomenon of electronic media, its features, its negative aspects and the situation of Journalists and their unions, their commitment to professional ethics through their work in the electronic media.The study discusses the weaknesses of the Arab electronic media, its inability to compete with European and American digital newspapers.It sheds light on the reasons for these weaknesses, the negative aspects of Arab electronic media because of the weakness of the Internet networks and the few number of its users in the Arab world because of the domination of Arab regimes consider electronic media as an enemy of its rule on freedom of expression

Orientador: Ricardo de Oliveira Anido<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T07:19:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_HenriquePrzibisczkide_M.pdf: 1997897 bytes, checksum: fce2bcda34e198778d87b8c87f83e484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Vários métodos de ranking atuais comparam os diversos veículos de publicação em relação à qualidade ou impacto. Esta informação é muito importante para que um pesquisador selecione veículos de renome para publicar suas pesquisas, ou mesmo, instituições podem promover seus pesquisadores baseando-se na qualidade dos veículos onde publicam. Esta informação sobre os veículos pode também ser valiosa para um governo destinar recursos 'as instituições ou uma empresa avaliar a qualidade de um candidato a um emprego. Existem várias métricas distintas para realizar ranking de veículos, mas o ponto comum entre a maioria é o uso de citações. Portanto, por mais que um veículo seja bastante prestigiado pelos pesquisadores, se ele não for indexado em uma base sua qualidade não será considerada. Este trabalho propõe um método para ranking de veículos de publicação obtendo as informações não de uma base de citações existente, mas de uma outra fonte de dados: a Web. As páginas dos professores de universidades são visitadas e delas são extraídas as suas publicações. De cada publicação é extraído o veículo e dessa forma, baseado nos veículos que um pesquisador quis exibir em sua página, os mesmos são ordenados. Este método irá contemplar veículos de publicação não existentes nas atuais bases de dados criando um novo ranking de publicações. Vários problemas computacionais interessantes são abordados neste trabalho: busca de informação na internet, segmentação textual, extração de componentes em uma referência bibliográfica e agrupamento<br>Abstract: Several current ranking methods compare different publication venues in relation to quality or impact. This information is very important for a researcher to choose renowned venues to publish his research. Institutes could promote their researchers based on the quality of places they have published. This information about the venues can also be valuable for a government to allocate resources to universities, or for companies to evaluate the quality of a candidate for a job. There are other distinct measures to perform a ranking of venues, but the idea in common among most of them is the use of citations. Therefore, despite the fact a venue is very prestigious for its researchers, if it is not indexed in a citation database, it will not be considered, since its "quality" cannot be measured. This work proposes to construct a ranking of publication venues obtaining the information not from a database, but from another data source: the Web. The university professor's webpages are visited to extract the publications. The venue is extracted from each publication, and thus, based on venues which a researcher wanted to show in his webpage, they are ranked. This method will include publication venues that do not exist in current databases, creating a new ranking of publications. Many interesting computational problems are discussed in this work: information search on the internet, text segmentation, extraction of components in a bibliographic citation, and clustering<br>Mestrado<br>Metodologia e Tecnicas da Computação<br>Mestre em Ciência da Computação

The purpose of this survey is to describe how selected United States Government agencies provide information to the public via Internet services. With more than 2,000 Federal library and information centers located throughout the world this effort, of necessity, is selective and findings neither represent all libraries nor do they identify all approaches currently used to present information via the Web. An effort has been made to describe services without attributing values to particular site characteristics. This report provides a brief snapshot in time of a complex and rapidly evolving world. While not definitive in scope, it is hoped that this report will provide a baseline for anyone who may wish to revisit some of these sites in the future to determine how services may have been expanded, reduced, or refined.

Les services Internet populaires modèlent et remodèlent fondamentalement les moyens traditionnels de communication des personnes, ayant ainsi un impact majeur sur leur vie sociale. Deux des services Internet très populaires avec cette caractéristique sont les Réseaux sociaux en ligne (OSN) et les systèmes Peer-to-Peer (P2P). Les ONS fournissent un environnement virtuel où les gens peuvent partager leurs informations et leurs intérêts tout en étant en contact avec d'autres personnes. D'autre part, les systèmes P2P, qui sont toujours l'un des services populaires avec une grande proportion de l'ensemble du trafic Internet, offrent une occasion en or pour leurs clients de partager un type de contenu différent, y compris le contenu protégé. En dehors de l'énorme popularité des ONS et des systèmes de P2P parmi les utilisateurs réguliers, ils sont intensivement utilisés par les professionnels (grandes entreprises, politiciens, athlètes, célébrités en cas d'ONS et éditeurs de contenu professionnels en cas de P2P) afin d'interagir avec les gens à des fins différentes (campagnes marketing, les commentaires des clients, amélioration de la réputation publique, etc.) Dans cette thèse, nous caractérisons le comportement des utilisateurs réguliers et professionnels dans les deux services mentionnés populaires (ONS et P2P) en termes de stratégies de publication, de consommation de contenu et d'analyse comportementale. À cette fin, cinq de nos études menées sont présentées dans ce manuscrit comme suit: - "L'évolution des contenus multimédias", qui présente une analyse approfondie sur l'évolution du contenu multimédia disponible en BitTorrent en se concentrant sur quatre mesures pertinentes à travers différentes catégories de contenu : la disponibilité du contenu, la popularité du contenu, la taille de contenu et les commentaires de l'utilisateur - "La réaction des utilisateurs professionnels face aux actions de lutte contre le piratage", en examinant l'impact de deux grandes actions de lutte contre le piratage - la fermeture de Megaupload et la mise en œuvre de la loi anti-piratage française (HADOPI) - sur le comportement des publicateurs professionnels dans le plus grand portail de BitTorrent qui sont les principaux fournisseurs de contenu en ligne protégé. - "La quantité d'informations divulguées sur Facebook", en enquêtant sur l'exposition publique des profils utilisateurs, une grande base de données comprenant un demi-million d'utilisateurs réguliers. - "Les utilisateurs professionnels Cross Posting Activity», en analysant le modèle de publication des utilisateurs professionnels de mêmes informations sur trois grands ONS à savoir Facebook, Google+ et Twitter. - "Les stratégies des utilisateurs professionnels dans les ONS", où nous étudions la stratégie globale d'utilisateurs professionnels par secteur (par exemple, les entreprises de voitures, l'habillement, politiques, etc.) sur Facebook, Google+ et Twitter. Les résultats de cette thèse fournissent une vision d'ensemble pour comprendre certains aspects comportementaux importants de différents types d'utilisateurs des services Internet populaires et ces contributions peuvent être utilisées dans divers domaines (par exemple analyse de campagne marketing et publicité, etc.) et les différentes parties peuvent bénéficier des résultats et des méthodologies mises en œuvre telles que les FAI et les propriétaires des services pour leur planification ou l'expansion des services actuels à venir, ainsi que les professionnels pour accroître leur succès sur les médias sociaux<br>Popular Internet services are fundamentally shaping and reshaping traditional ways of people communication, thus having a major impact on their social life. Two of the very popular Internet services with this characteristic are Online Social Networks (OSNs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems. OSNs provide a virtual environment where people can share their information and interests as well as being in contact with other people. On the other hand, P2P systems, which are still one of the popular services with a large proportion of the whole Internet traffic, provide a golden opportunity for their customers to share different type of content including copyrighted content. Apart from the huge popularity of OSNs and P2P systems among regular users, they are being intensively used by professional players (big companies, politician, athletes, celebrities in case of OSNs and professional content publishers in case of P2P) in order to interact with people for different purposes (marketing campaigns, customer feedback, public reputation improvement, etc.). In this thesis, we characterize the behavior of regular and professional users in the two mentioned popular services (OSNs and P2P systems) in terms of publishing strategies, content consumption and behavioral analysis. To this end, five of our conducted studies are presented in this manuscript as follows: - “The evolution of multimedia contents", which presents a thorough analysis on the evolution of multimedia content available in BitTorrent by focusing on four relevant metrics across different content categories: content availability, content popularity, content size and user's feedback. - “The reaction of professional users to antipiracy actions", by examining the impact of two major antipiracy actions, the closure of Megaupload and the implementation of the French antipiracy law (HADOPI), on professional publishers behavior in the largest BitTorrent portal who are major providers of online copyrighted content. - “The amount of disclosed information on Facebook", by investigating the public exposure of Facebook users' profile attributes in a large dataset including half million regular users. - “Professional users Cross Posting Activity", by analyzing the publishing pattern of professional users which includes same information over three major OSNs namely Facebook, Google+ and Twitter. - “Professional Users' Strategies in OSNs", where we investigate the global strategy of professional users by sector (e.g., Cars companies, Clothing companies, Politician, etc.) over Facebook, Google+ and Twitter. The outcomes of this thesis provide an overall vision to understand some important behavioral aspects of different types of users on popular Internet services and these contributions can be used in various domains (e.g. marketing analysis and advertising campaign, etc.) and different parties can benefit from the results and the implemented methodologies such as ISPs and owners of the Services for their future planning or expansion of the current services as well as professional players to increase their success on social media

Les services Internet populaires modèlent et remodèlent fondamentalement les moyens traditionnels de communication des personnes, ayant ainsi un impact majeur sur leur vie sociale. Deux des services Internet très populaires avec cette caractéristique sont les Réseaux sociaux en ligne (OSN) et les systèmes Peer-to-Peer (P2P). Les ONS fournissent un environnement virtuel où les gens peuvent partager leurs informations et leurs intérêts tout en étant en contact avec d'autres personnes. D'autre part, les systèmes P2P, qui sont toujours l'un des services populaires avec une grande proportion de l'ensemble du trafic Internet, offrent une occasion en or pour leurs clients de partager un type de contenu différent, y compris le contenu protégé. En dehors de l'énorme popularité des ONS et des systèmes de P2P parmi les utilisateurs réguliers, ils sont intensivement utilisés par les professionnels (grandes entreprises, politiciens, athlètes, célébrités en cas d'ONS et éditeurs de contenu professionnels en cas de P2P) afin d'interagir avec les gens à des fins différentes (campagnes marketing, les commentaires des clients, amélioration de la réputation publique, etc.) Dans cette thèse, nous caractérisons le comportement des utilisateurs réguliers et professionnels dans les deux services mentionnés populaires (ONS et P2P) en termes de stratégies de publication, de consommation de contenu et d'analyse comportementale. À cette fin, cinq de nos études menées sont présentées dans ce manuscrit comme suit: - "L'évolution des contenus multimédias", qui présente une analyse approfondie sur l'évolution du contenu multimédia disponible en BitTorrent en se concentrant sur quatre mesures pertinentes à travers différentes catégories de contenu : la disponibilité du contenu, la popularité du contenu, la taille de contenu et les commentaires de l'utilisateur - "La réaction des utilisateurs professionnels face aux actions de lutte contre le piratage", en examinant l'impact de deux grandes actions de lutte contre le piratage - la fermeture de Megaupload et la mise en œuvre de la loi anti-piratage française (HADOPI) - sur le comportement des publicateurs professionnels dans le plus grand portail de BitTorrent qui sont les principaux fournisseurs de contenu en ligne protégé. - "La quantité d'informations divulguées sur Facebook", en enquêtant sur l'exposition publique des profils utilisateurs, une grande base de données comprenant un demi-million d'utilisateurs réguliers. - "Les utilisateurs professionnels Cross Posting Activity», en analysant le modèle de publication des utilisateurs professionnels de mêmes informations sur trois grands ONS à savoir Facebook, Google+ et Twitter. - "Les stratégies des utilisateurs professionnels dans les ONS", où nous étudions la stratégie globale d'utilisateurs professionnels par secteur (par exemple, les entreprises de voitures, l'habillement, politiques, etc.) sur Facebook, Google+ et Twitter. Les résultats de cette thèse fournissent une vision d'ensemble pour comprendre certains aspects comportementaux importants de différents types d'utilisateurs des services Internet populaires et ces contributions peuvent être utilisées dans divers domaines (par exemple analyse de campagne marketing et publicité, etc.) et les différentes parties peuvent bénéficier des résultats et des méthodologies mises en œuvre telles que les FAI et les propriétaires des services pour leur planification ou l'expansion des services actuels à venir, ainsi que les professionnels pour accroître leur succès sur les médias sociaux<br>Popular Internet services are fundamentally shaping and reshaping traditional ways of people communication, thus having a major impact on their social life. Two of the very popular Internet services with this characteristic are Online Social Networks (OSNs) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems. OSNs provide a virtual environment where people can share their information and interests as well as being in contact with other people. On the other hand, P2P systems, which are still one of the popular services with a large proportion of the whole Internet traffic, provide a golden opportunity for their customers to share different type of content including copyrighted content. Apart from the huge popularity of OSNs and P2P systems among regular users, they are being intensively used by professional players (big companies, politician, athletes, celebrities in case of OSNs and professional content publishers in case of P2P) in order to interact with people for different purposes (marketing campaigns, customer feedback, public reputation improvement, etc.). In this thesis, we characterize the behavior of regular and professional users in the two mentioned popular services (OSNs and P2P systems) in terms of publishing strategies, content consumption and behavioral analysis. To this end, five of our conducted studies are presented in this manuscript as follows: - “The evolution of multimedia contents", which presents a thorough analysis on the evolution of multimedia content available in BitTorrent by focusing on four relevant metrics across different content categories: content availability, content popularity, content size and user's feedback. - “The reaction of professional users to antipiracy actions", by examining the impact of two major antipiracy actions, the closure of Megaupload and the implementation of the French antipiracy law (HADOPI), on professional publishers behavior in the largest BitTorrent portal who are major providers of online copyrighted content. - “The amount of disclosed information on Facebook", by investigating the public exposure of Facebook users' profile attributes in a large dataset including half million regular users. - “Professional users Cross Posting Activity", by analyzing the publishing pattern of professional users which includes same information over three major OSNs namely Facebook, Google+ and Twitter. - “Professional Users' Strategies in OSNs", where we investigate the global strategy of professional users by sector (e.g., Cars companies, Clothing companies, Politician, etc.) over Facebook, Google+ and Twitter. The outcomes of this thesis provide an overall vision to understand some important behavioral aspects of different types of users on popular Internet services and these contributions can be used in various domains (e.g. marketing analysis and advertising campaign, etc.) and different parties can benefit from the results and the implemented methodologies such as ISPs and owners of the Services for their future planning or expansion of the current services as well as professional players to increase their success on social media

Com o advento e a popularização da internet - e especialmente das ferramentas de elaboração e compartilhamento de conteúdos -, os jornais impressos viram a verba publicitária destinada a eles encolher na última década e passaram a experimentar uma crise em seu modelo de negócios. A crise comercial-financeira, por sua vez, trouxe à tona uma segunda crise que já se desenrolava havia mais tempo: a crise de paradigmas do jornalismo praticado nos meios impressos na sociedade contemporânea. Esta tese se concentra justamente nesta crise, investigando, com o apoio de autores da comunicação social, do jornalismo, da sociologia, da economia e da história, como os editores de jornal impresso enxergam o seu papel e o papel desses veículos na atualidade, em um cenário marcado pela instantaneidade da informação. A bibliografia sobre o tema foi confrontada com as opiniões de 11 editores seniores dos principais jornais paulistanos, entrevistados nesta pesquisa, que explicitam em seus relatos angústia em relação ao cenário atual de incertezas na atividade e consciência de que há uma transformação de paradigmas em curso na área.<br>With the popularization of the Internet - and especially the tools of cooperation and content sharing - newspapers experienced a strong decrease in their revenues over the last decade and are now passing through a crisis in their business model. The commercial and financial crisis, in turn, brought to light a second crisis that was in place for a longer time: a crisis of paradigms in contemporary print journalism. This thesis focuses precisely on this crisis, investigating, with the support of authors of media, journalism, sociology, economics and history, how the editors of newspapers see their role and the role of these vehicles today, in a scenario marked by the instantaneity of information. The literature on the subject was confronted with the views of 11 senior editors of major newspapers from São Paulo, interviewed in this research, which show in their reports anguish over the present scenario of uncertainty and awareness that there is a transformation of paradigms in progress.

Lavoro svolto per la creazione di una rete citazionale a partire da articoli scientifici codificati in XML JATS. Viene effettuata un'introduzione sul semantic publishing, le ontologie di riferimento e i principali dataset su pubblicazioni scientifiche. Infine viene presentato il prototipo CiNeX che si occupa di estrarre da un dataset in XML JATS un grafo RDF utilizzando l'ontologia SPAR.

Abstract Background: The world population is aging and the number of older adults with bipolar disorder is increasing. Digital technologies are viewed as a framework to improve care of older adults with bipolar disorder. This analysis quantifes Internet use by older adults with bipolar disorder as part of a larger survey project about information seeking. Methods: A paper-based survey about information seeking by patients with bipolar disorder was developed and translated into 12 languages. The survey was anonymous and completed between March 2014 and January 2016 by 1222 patients in 17 countries. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. General estimating equations were used to account for correlated data. Results: Overall, 47% of older adults (age 60 years or older) used the Internet versus 87% of younger adults (less than 60 years). More education and having symptoms that interfered with regular activities increased the odds of using the Internet, while being age 60 years or older decreased the odds. Data from 187 older adults and 1021 younger adults were included in the analysis excluding missing values. Conclusions: Older adults with bipolar disorder use the Internet much less frequently than younger adults. Many older adults do not use the Internet, and technology tools are suitable for some but not all older adults. As more health services are only available online, and more digital tools are developed, there is concern about growing health disparities based on age. Mental health experts should participate in determining the appropriate role for digital tools for older adults with bipolar disorder.

Facing poor long-term outcome and high relapse rates in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, we developed an Internet-based aftercare program for women with severe and chronic bulimia nervosa following inpatient treatment based on previous experiences with self-directed targeted prevention and early intervention programs delivered online. The aim of the present study was to examine adherence to the program in detail, to explore potential variables that predict adherence and to analyze whether adherence affects outcomes. We analyzed data from 126 women in the intervention group of a randomized controlled trial. 107 women (85%) logged on to the program platform at least once. These women opened on average 42.8% (SD=31.9%) of all assigned program pages. Adherence declined during the course of the intervention. Adherence was not associated with the number of outpatient treatment sessions received during the intervention period. Adherence was not related to overall illness severity or duration at baseline. However, excessive exercise at hospital discharge (which may be a sign of insufficient motivation to change eating disorder related behaviors) seems to play some small role in adherence. Adherence did not affect intervention outcomes. Based on our findings, we would like to advocate further research on online aftercare interventions for women with severe and chronic bulimia nervosa.

The music press and music journalism are rarely subjected to substantial academic investigation. Analysis of journalism often focuses on the production of news across various platforms to understand the nature of politics and public debate in the contemporary era. But it is not possible, nor is it necessary, to analyse all emerging forms of journalism in the same way for they usually serve quite different purposes. Music journalism, for example, offers consumer guidance based on the creation and maintenance of a relationship between reader and writer. By focusing on the changing aspects of this relationship, an analysis of music journalism gives us an understanding of the changing nature of media production, media texts and media readerships. Music journalism is dialogue. It is a dialogue produced within particular critical frameworks that speak to different readers of the music press in different ways. These frameworks are continually evolving and reflect the broader social trajectory in which music journalism operates. Importantly, the evolving nature of music journalism reveals much about the changing consumption of popular music. Different types of consumers respond to different types of guidance that employ a variety of critical approaches. This thesis, therefore, argues that the production of music journalism is one that is influenced by the practices of consumption.

The music press and music journalism are rarely subjected to substantial academic investigation. Analysis of journalism often focuses on the production of news across various platforms to understand the nature of politics and public debate in the contemporary era. But it is not possible, nor is it necessary, to analyse all emerging forms of journalism in the same way for they usually serve quite different purposes. Music journalism, for example, offers consumer guidance based on the creation and maintenance of a relationship between reader and writer. By focusing on the changing aspects of this relationship, an analysis of music journalism gives us an understanding of the changing nature of media production, media texts and media readerships. Music journalism is dialogue. It is a dialogue produced within particular critical frameworks that speak to different readers of the music press in different ways. These frameworks are continually evolving and reflect the broader social trajectory in which music journalism operates. Importantly, the evolving nature of music journalism reveals much about the changing consumption of popular music. Different types of consumers respond to different types of guidance that employ a variety of critical approaches. This thesis, therefore, argues that the production of music journalism is one that is influenced by the practices of consumption.

Seit der Jahrtausendwende prägt das Schlagwort Open Access die Debatten um wissenschaftliches Publizieren. Je nach Kontext geht es dabei um handfeste Strategien angesichts der Zeitschriftenkrise, um ein mehr oder weniger einheitliches Programm zur Verabschiedung des Gutenberg-Zeitalters oder um visionäre Vorstellungen digitaler Wissenskulturen. Die Untersuchung verfolgt zwei Ziele: Zunächst erklärt sie, auf welche Konzepte sich der Begriff Open Access bezieht, wie sich diese Konzepte entwickelt haben und wie sie zusammenfassend beschrieben werden können. Diese Betrachtungsweise ermöglicht es, Open Access in einem zweiten Schritt aus seiner strategischen und programmatischen Funktionalisierung zu lösen und medien-/kulturwissenschaftlich zu deuten: Nicht zufällig entsteht die Open-Access-Bewegung zu einem Zeitpunkt, da sich die medientechnischen Infrastrukturen der Gesellschaft und damit auch der Wissenschaft tiefgreifend verändern. Die Untersuchung analysiert Open Access als den Versuch der Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft, durch die Beeinflussung des Mediensystems auch unter veränderten medialen Bedigungen wissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeit herstellen zu können und dabei Verwerfungen für wissenschaftliche Arbeitsabläufe und für das gesamte Wissenssystem zu vermeiden. Dabei wird deutlich, dass verschiedene Disziplinen unterschiedliche Anforderungen an wissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeit haben und dass daher Aushandlungsprozesse nötig sind. Gleichzeitig reflektiert die Untersuchung, dass es sich bei den gerade entstehenden neuen Medieninfrastrukturen genau wie beim sich wandelnden wissenschaftlichen Publikationswesen um fragile, grundsätzlich kontingente Strukturen handelt, deren Zukunft keineswegs gesichert ist: Statt Open Access könnten sich auch andere Organisationsformen wissenschaftlicher Öffentlichkeit im digitalen Zeitalter etablieren, die aber nicht unbedingt im Sinne eines offenen und produktiven wissenschaftlichen Austausches und einer breiten gesellschaftlichen Partizipation an wissenschaftlicher Kultur sein müssen. Open Access erscheint vor diesem Hintergrund als vorsichtiger und vergleichweise schadensarmer Aushandlungsprozess, nicht als radikale Revolution des Wissenschaftssystems an der Schwelle zum digitalen Zeitalter. Methodisch knüpft die Untersuchung an die Mediologie an, die durch die Beschreibung von Wechselwirkungen zwischen technischen Medien und kulturellen Praxen die Konstruktion einseitiger Kausalzusammenhänge vermeiden will. In einem Exkurs wird untersucht, worin sich die Konzepte von Open Access und Open Source bzw. Freier Software unterscheiden. Der Anhang der Arbeit enthält den Volltext der drei Erklärungen von Budapest, Bethesda und Berlin, in denen wichtige Prinzipien von Open Access niedergelegt sind.:1. Neue Medien: Mehr als nur Werkzeuge 1.1 Wissenschaft zwischen Technikeuphorie und Skepsis 1.2 Definition und Mediologie des Freien Zugangs 1.3 Sprachreflexion 1.4 Forschungsüberblick 1.5 Offene Zugänge: Schwerpunkt Geisteswissenschaften 2. Open Access: Definitorische Annäherung 2.1 BBB: Programme des Freien Zugangs 2.2 Kontroversen um ein Konzeptschlagwort 2.3 Vision, Programm, Strategie: Facetten des Freien Zugangs 3. Digitalität, Vernetzung und wissenschaftliches Publikationswesen 3.1 Merkmale und Innovationspotenzial des Digitalen 3.2 Wissenschaftliches Publizieren unter den Bedingungen der Grafosphäre 3.3 Stabilisierungspotenzial digitaler Techniken 3.4 Freiheit und Offenheit in anderen Mikromilieus. Exkurs 3.5 Milieusicherung und Irritation 4. Vom Mediengebrauch zu einem neuen Medienwissen Anhang: Budapester Erklärung, Bethesda-Stellungnahme, Berliner Erklärung

In this thesis I address the research question: 'How has the Internet delivered pluralism by promoting structural diversity and/or content diversity in Australia's newspaper industry?' Structural diversity is defined here as diversity in newspaper ownership and content diversity as the diversity of views published by individual newspapers. Central to the thesis is the notion of pluralism, the belief that the news media should provide a range of views and opinions, contradictory as well as complementary, to allow informed citizens to effectively take part in the democratic process. The newspaper industry in this country, however, is controlled by a powerful press oligopoly across a range of markets, a situation believed to greatly limit pluralism. A review of newspaper ownership and circulation from 1986 to 2002 shows that, as at 2002, four newspaper owners are the sole occupants of Australia's national and capital city newspaper market. Seven owners are predominant in Australia's regional daily newspaper market, although just three owners controlled 69 per cent of the market's circulation in 2002. Two owners controlled 69 per cent of Australia's suburban newspaper market in 2002. Similar trends were seen in the country's Saturday newspaper and Sunday newspaper markets. In all markets except the regional daily newspaper market, News Limited is the dominant newspaper owner. Australian Provincial News and Media is the dominant owner in the regional daily newspaper market with a 27 per cent share of circulation in 2002. Australia's concentrated newspaper ownership structure has led to a number of formal inquiries into diversity in the industry since 1980. In this thesis I review two of these inquiries, the 1991-92 House of Representatives Select Committee on the Print Media (the Print Media Inquiry) and the 2000 Productivity Commission Inquiry into Broadcasting, to determine (among other things) the nature of and the relationship between structural and content diversity as they apply to Australia's newspapers. (By virtue of major media groups' involvement in the Productivity Commission's inquiry - particularly News Limited, Publishing and Broadcasting Limited and, to a lesser extent, Rural Press - this inquiry, although broadcast-oriented, considered Australia's newspaper industry at length.) This review shows both inquiries were clear on how they saw this relationship - structural diversity is necessary for content diversity. However, the Print Media Inquiry suggested it was almost impossible to guarantee structural diversity in the nation's newspaper industry. The Productivity Commission, meanwhile, said that while it accepted content diversity was not inconsistent with media ownership concentration, it was more likely to be achieved where there was diverse ownership. With the relationship between structural and content diversity in mind, and the Print Media Inquiry's and the Productivity Commission's beliefs that new entrants in the newspaper industry were unlikely in the short term, I examine the suggestion that the Internet has the potential to increase structural diversity in Australia's newspaper industry by allowing new players to efficiently enter the industry via the World Wide Web. The extent to which this might occur is determined by a study of 18 Australian newspaper websites with one argument being that if established newspapers find the transition online relatively easy, then independent online-only news sites might be similarly established. Mings and White's four online news business models - a subscription model, advertising model, e commerce-based transactional model and partnership-based model - are used as a framework to examine the study's results. The study shows Australia's experience mirrors international experience in terms of the growth of newspapers online and in terms of their lack of profitability. It shows that 28 per cent of the newspapers surveyed maintained their circulation while offering free online news content, while a further 33 per cent registered circulation increases. Advertising revenue increased for seven of the nine newspaper websites containing advertising, suggesting that, for some Australian newspapers at least, gaining online advertising (as opposed to gaining overall profitability) has proved successful. And while the survey shows little evidence of Australian newspapers using the transactional model in any real sense, it does show that Australian newspapers are forming local online partnerships with other media and non-media businesses to facilitate their online activities. The study's key finding is that of the 18 newspapers surveyed, just two websites were profitable. This finding is consistent with literature that highlights a lack of commercially viable independent online news ventures both in Australia and internationally. While considerable hopes were held that the Internet would introduce more structural diversity into Australia's newspaper industry, I argue that the Internet's commercial imperatives, as they apply to newspapers, have to a large extent precluded it from adding structural diversity in the industry. In these circumstances, it may be that the only viable way of increasing content diversity in the nation's newspaper industry is to increase the availability of diverse information sources to journalists. I propose that one way to do this is via the Internet. The extent to which this is occurring is determined by a survey of Australian journalists' Internet use, the survey results showing that 97.4 per cent of the journalists who responded now use the Internet regularly, including 97.5 per cent of newspaper journalists. But most journalists who responded use the Internet as a preliminary research tool and as a way to check facts rather than as a means of accessing diverse news sources. The respondents' top five Internet uses, for example, are to e-mail work colleagues, to undertake preliminary research, to access media releases from websites, to verify facts and to search other news organisations' websites. They access major news organisation websites most frequently, followed by government websites, university/research institution websites and corporate/company websites. The least frequently accessed websites are those that could conceivably provide the alternate views demanded by pluralism: online news and current affairs discussion groups and websites set up by private individuals. The survey shows the types of websites Australian journalists most frequently access are linked to the credibility they give to information contained on those websites. Major news organisation websites are seen as providing the most credible information, followed by university/research institution websites and government websites. Websites perceived as providing the least credible information were those that host online news and current affairs discussion groups and websites set up by private individuals. The survey also shows Australian journalists have not embraced online reader interaction to any extent, lessening the likelihood that readers will be able to provide journalists with more diverse news sources. Less than 20 per cent of journalists interact with readers via the Internet and less than 10 per cent use this interaction to create or follow up news stories. The survey does provide results that support source diversity, however. It shows that almost a third of Australian journalists have obtained additional news sources via the Internet. The Internet has also allowed more than 40 per cent of journalists to access individuals or groups that they would not otherwise have accessed. The survey also shows that journalists who have had experience working in the online media environment consistently use the Internet more productively, in terms of diversity, than other journalists. It is these journalists that interact online with readers more, that participate in online discussion groups more and that appear more willing to seek online information from non-traditional sources such as independent news websites and the websites of private individuals or groups. Journalists with online media experience also represent the group that has most sought training in online journalism and online media practice and that most believes the Internet will play an increasingly important role for journalists and news consumers in the future. At present, the survey suggests, journalists with this online media experience comprise just 19 per cent of Australian journalists. But as the number of journalists with online media experience increases in the workforce, these journalists' greater acceptance of the Internet may then assist in greater source diversity leading to greater content diversity in Australia's news media. The studies of newspaper websites and journalists' Internet use suggest and support differing diversity models. In this thesis I propose two models for diversity, the first drawn from views espoused by the Print Media Inquiry and the Productivity Commission's Inquiry into Broadcasting. This model (below) sees a one-to-one correspondence between structural and content diversity and assumes that to increase the diversity of views available to the public, the number of media outlets must similarly be increased. The argument that the Internet can provide media pluralism by permitting new players to enter the media market relatively easily, an argument tested by my study of Australian newspaper websites, is commensurate with this model. The second model is based on my inquiries into journalists' Internet use and proposes a method of increasing content diversity within a fixed media ownership structure. This model (below) acknowledges that journalists produce content mostly via traditional news sources, but proposes this content can be increased and/or changed, with an emphasis on more diverse information, via non-traditional news sources obtained via the Internet. The success of this model, however, is predicated on journalists' acceptance of online information as a viable news source. The implication for journalism is that established journalistic norms and practices, which can limit online-supported content diversity, need to be overcome. Overall, the results of my inquiries suggest the answer to the research question is that the Internet has so far delivered little in terms of structural and content diversity in Australia's newspaper industry. However, the Internet's potential to do so remains, particularly if independent online-based media ventures find ways to become commercially viable and if journalists adopt the technology as a means of finding more diverse news sources.

In this thesis I address the research question: 'How has the Internet delivered pluralism by promoting structural diversity and/or content diversity in Australia's newspaper industry?' Structural diversity is defined here as diversity in newspaper ownership and content diversity as the diversity of views published by individual newspapers. Central to the thesis is the notion of pluralism, the belief that the news media should provide a range of views and opinions, contradictory as well as complementary, to allow informed citizens to effectively take part in the democratic process. The newspaper industry in this country, however, is controlled by a powerful press oligopoly across a range of markets, a situation believed to greatly limit pluralism. A review of newspaper ownership and circulation from 1986 to 2002 shows that, as at 2002, four newspaper owners are the sole occupants of Australia's national and capital city newspaper market. Seven owners are predominant in Australia's regional daily newspaper market, although just three owners controlled 69 per cent of the market's circulation in 2002. Two owners controlled 69 per cent of Australia's suburban newspaper market in 2002. Similar trends were seen in the country's Saturday newspaper and Sunday newspaper markets. In all markets except the regional daily newspaper market, News Limited is the dominant newspaper owner. Australian Provincial News and Media is the dominant owner in the regional daily newspaper market with a 27 per cent share of circulation in 2002. Australia's concentrated newspaper ownership structure has led to a number of formal inquiries into diversity in the industry since 1980. In this thesis I review two of these inquiries, the 1991-92 House of Representatives Select Committee on the Print Media (the Print Media Inquiry) and the 2000 Productivity Commission Inquiry into Broadcasting, to determine (among other things) the nature of and the relationship between structural and content diversity as they apply to Australia's newspapers. (By virtue of major media groups' involvement in the Productivity Commission's inquiry - particularly News Limited, Publishing and Broadcasting Limited and, to a lesser extent, Rural Press - this inquiry, although broadcast-oriented, considered Australia's newspaper industry at length.) This review shows both inquiries were clear on how they saw this relationship - structural diversity is necessary for content diversity. However, the Print Media Inquiry suggested it was almost impossible to guarantee structural diversity in the nation's newspaper industry. The Productivity Commission, meanwhile, said that while it accepted content diversity was not inconsistent with media ownership concentration, it was more likely to be achieved where there was diverse ownership. With the relationship between structural and content diversity in mind, and the Print Media Inquiry's and the Productivity Commission's beliefs that new entrants in the newspaper industry were unlikely in the short term, I examine the suggestion that the Internet has the potential to increase structural diversity in Australia's newspaper industry by allowing new players to efficiently enter the industry via the World Wide Web. The extent to which this might occur is determined by a study of 18 Australian newspaper websites with one argument being that if established newspapers find the transition online relatively easy, then independent online-only news sites might be similarly established. Mings and White's four online news business models - a subscription model, advertising model, e commerce-based transactional model and partnership-based model - are used as a framework to examine the study's results. The study shows Australia's experience mirrors international experience in terms of the growth of newspapers online and in terms of their lack of profitability. It shows that 28 per cent of the newspapers surveyed maintained their circulation while offering free online news content, while a further 33 per cent registered circulation increases. Advertising revenue increased for seven of the nine newspaper websites containing advertising, suggesting that, for some Australian newspapers at least, gaining online advertising (as opposed to gaining overall profitability) has proved successful. And while the survey shows little evidence of Australian newspapers using the transactional model in any real sense, it does show that Australian newspapers are forming local online partnerships with other media and non-media businesses to facilitate their online activities. The study's key finding is that of the 18 newspapers surveyed, just two websites were profitable. This finding is consistent with literature that highlights a lack of commercially viable independent online news ventures both in Australia and internationally. While considerable hopes were held that the Internet would introduce more structural diversity into Australia's newspaper industry, I argue that the Internet's commercial imperatives, as they apply to newspapers, have to a large extent precluded it from adding structural diversity in the industry. In these circumstances, it may be that the only viable way of increasing content diversity in the nation's newspaper industry is to increase the availability of diverse information sources to journalists. I propose that one way to do this is via the Internet. The extent to which this is occurring is determined by a survey of Australian journalists' Internet use, the survey results showing that 97.4 per cent of the journalists who responded now use the Internet regularly, including 97.5 per cent of newspaper journalists. But most journalists who responded use the Internet as a preliminary research tool and as a way to check facts rather than as a means of accessing diverse news sources. The respondents' top five Internet uses, for example, are to e-mail work colleagues, to undertake preliminary research, to access media releases from websites, to verify facts and to search other news organisations' websites. They access major news organisation websites most frequently, followed by government websites, university/research institution websites and corporate/company websites. The least frequently accessed websites are those that could conceivably provide the alternate views demanded by pluralism: online news and current affairs discussion groups and websites set up by private individuals. The survey shows the types of websites Australian journalists most frequently access are linked to the credibility they give to information contained on those websites. Major news organisation websites are seen as providing the most credible information, followed by university/research institution websites and government websites. Websites perceived as providing the least credible information were those that host online news and current affairs discussion groups and websites set up by private individuals. The survey also shows Australian journalists have not embraced online reader interaction to any extent, lessening the likelihood that readers will be able to provide journalists with more diverse news sources. Less than 20 per cent of journalists interact with readers via the Internet and less than 10 per cent use this interaction to create or follow up news stories. The survey does provide results that support source diversity, however. It shows that almost a third of Australian journalists have obtained additional news sources via the Internet. The Internet has also allowed more than 40 per cent of journalists to access individuals or groups that they would not otherwise have accessed. The survey also shows that journalists who have had experience working in the online media environment consistently use the Internet more productively, in terms of diversity, than other journalists. It is these journalists that interact online with readers more, that participate in online discussion groups more and that appear more willing to seek online information from non-traditional sources such as independent news websites and the websites of private individuals or groups. Journalists with online media experience also represent the group that has most sought training in online journalism and online media practice and that most believes the Internet will play an increasingly important role for journalists and news consumers in the future. At present, the survey suggests, journalists with this online media experience comprise just 19 per cent of Australian journalists. But as the number of journalists with online media experience increases in the workforce, these journalists' greater acceptance of the Internet may then assist in greater source diversity leading to greater content diversity in Australia's news media. The studies of newspaper websites and journalists' Internet use suggest and support differing diversity models. In this thesis I propose two models for diversity, the first drawn from views espoused by the Print Media Inquiry and the Productivity Commission's Inquiry into Broadcasting. This model (below) sees a one-to-one correspondence between structural and content diversity and assumes that to increase the diversity of views available to the public, the number of media outlets must similarly be increased. The argument that the Internet can provide media pluralism by permitting new players to enter the media market relatively easily, an argument tested by my study of Australian newspaper websites, is commensurate with this model. The second model is based on my inquiries into journalists' Internet use and proposes a method of increasing content diversity within a fixed media ownership structure. This model (below) acknowledges that journalists produce content mostly via traditional news sources, but proposes this content can be increased and/or changed, with an emphasis on more diverse information, via non-traditional news sources obtained via the Internet. The success of this model, however, is predicated on journalists' acceptance of online information as a viable news source. The implication for journalism is that established journalistic norms and practices, which can limit online-supported content diversity, need to be overcome. Overall, the results of my inquiries suggest the answer to the research question is that the Internet has so far delivered little in terms of structural and content diversity in Australia's newspaper industry. However, the Internet's potential to do so remains, particularly if independent online-based media ventures find ways to become commercially viable and if journalists adopt the technology as a means of finding more diverse news sources.

Introduction Poor adherence is a common challenge in self-directed mental health interventions. Research findings indicate that telephone prompts may be useful to increase adherence. Method Due to poor adherence in a randomized controlled trial evaluating an Internet-based aftercare program for women with bulimia nervosa we implemented regular short telephone prompts into the study protocol halfway through the trial period. Of the 126 women in the intervention group, the first 63 women were not prompted by telephone (unprompted group) and compared with 63 women who subsequently enrolled into the study and were attempted to prompt bimonthly by a research assistant (telephone prompt group). Completed telephone calls took less than 5 min and did not include any symptom-related counseling. Results Most of the women in the telephone prompt group (67%) were reached only once or twice during the intervention period. However, overall adherence in the telephone prompt group was significantly higher than in the unprompted group (T = − 3.015, df = 124, p = 0.003). Conclusion Our findings from this secondary analysis suggest that telephone prompts can positively affect adherence to an Internet-based aftercare intervention directed at patients with bulimia nervosa.

Introduction Poor adherence is a common challenge in self-directed mental health interventions. Research findings indicate that telephone prompts may be useful to increase adherence. Method Due to poor adherence in a randomized controlled trial evaluating an Internet-based aftercare program for women with bulimia nervosa we implemented regular short telephone prompts into the study protocol halfway through the trial period. Of the 126 women in the intervention group, the first 63 women were not prompted by telephone (unprompted group) and compared with 63 women who subsequently enrolled into the study and were attempted to prompt bimonthly by a research assistant (telephone prompt group). Completed telephone calls took less than 5 min and did not include any symptom-related counseling. Results Most of the women in the telephone prompt group (67%) were reached only once or twice during the intervention period. However, overall adherence in the telephone prompt group was significantly higher than in the unprompted group (T = − 3.015, df = 124, p = 0.003). Conclusion Our findings from this secondary analysis suggest that telephone prompts can positively affect adherence to an Internet-based aftercare intervention directed at patients with bulimia nervosa.

Internet permet aujourd'hui aux auteurs de se publier en quelques clics sans passer par un professionnel du livre comme cela a été le cas jusqu'à présent. Si autrefois, les auteurs avaient peu de solutions alternatives pour être publiés, mis à part, l'édition à compte d'auteur, souvent très coûteuse, ils disposent aujourd'hui sur le net d'une multitude d'espaces pour s'éditer et voir apparaître leur publication à l'écran en quelques clics. Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) d'Amazon est une plateforme d'auto-édition qui connaît un véritable succès ; cet espace a bouleversé l'ordre des choses puisque pour une fois des auteurs totalement inconnus, sans aucune expérience dans le domaine de l’écriture grand public et sans aucune prétention littéraire, ont pénétré au sein du monde éditorial en étant repérés sur les réseaux avant d’être édités par ceux qui jusqu'ici avaient gardé pour eux porte close. Notre étude a pour objectif de mieux cerner le phénomène de l’édition alternative qui revient en force sur le net et de voir qui sont ces auteurs qui s’investissent en masse sur KDP, quelles sont leurs motivations et leurs publications. Plus largement, nous voudrions montrer que ces nouvelles formes de publication mettent sur le marché une littérature différente, plus divertissante, à bas prix encore peu présente sur les étals des libraires mais dont le site du géant de Seattle regorge<br>Internet allows authors to publish in a few clicks without passing through the necessary phase of the Publishing House, as it has been the case so far. Previously authors had no alternative but publishing at their own expense, most of the time quite expensive. Thanks to the net, they benefit today from various spaces: Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP), Amazon, is an auto-edition platform that encounters a phenomenal success ; KDP has reshuffled the norm bringing into light totally unknown writers, with no real writing experience nor particular ambition, and made them visible on the net, opening doors of a world that was kept accessible to a few lucky ones before. Our study aims at better understanding the phenomenon of alternative edition that is coming up to force, and to understand who exactly these authors investing in KDP are, their motivations and their publications. More broadly, we aim at demonstrating that these new forms of publications offer different literature, equally entertaining, certainly cheaper, not always present in libraries but easily accessible online

Aborda-se nesta dissertação as questões relacionadas com a implementação de repositórios institucionais e o Movimento de Acesso Livre nas bibliotecas das instituições do ensino superior, como estratégia para o desenvolvimento e a difusão da produção do conhecimento científico, num contexto de evolução tecnológica. Procura-se apurar e identificar o nível de constituição desses repositórios institucionais, numa análise comparativa de três realidades distintas - Inglaterra, Espanha e Portugal, verificando se essa implementação é feita com recurso a plataformas informáticas já desenvolvidas para o efeito, as quais são também sumariamente apresentadas. A utilização do acesso livre ao texto integral, como visão estratégica para a difusão da informação académica e como forma de aumentar o impacto da investigação desenvolvida, é outro dos elementos abordados neste trabalho. Por fim, é analisado um caso concreto da realidade nacional, procurando-se identificar os benefícios obtidos com a implementação do projecto Repositório da Universidade do Minho e que perspectivas se podem traçar para que outras instituições implementem as melhores práticas na gestão da informação científica produzida internamente. // ABSTRACT: ln this dissertation we have considered several questions related with the implementation of institutional repositories and the open access movement on university libraries. ln a context of continuous technological evolution, the referred implementation works as a strategy for the development and the dissemination of scientific knowledge and scholarly communication. Comparing the realities of England, Spain and Portugal, we have tried to identify the level of implementation of institutional repositories in each country. We also tried to verify if this implementation has been done by using some of the software developed for that purpose, which has also been described in a part of the study. The usage of open access as a strategy for the dissemination and promotion of scholar literature and as a form of increasing the impact of that knowledge was also pointed out in this study. ln the last part of the dissertation, we decided to analise an example of a Portuguesa university that successfully implemented an institutional repository. Our main purpose was to understand the benefits of this project and what are the lessons that can be used by other university libraries, as a way of facilitating and providing a better access to its academic information.

This study describes how information spread on the internet by examining diffusion, framing and source use surrounding coverage of the 2010 best-selling book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. The book presented a rare opportunity to view how a story about science, discovery and race became a best-seller within weeks after its publication. Through a mixed-methods and case study approach, the author examines patterns of coverage using Google Alerts that traced the book's online coverage in the first six months of its release. The author found that online information clustered around several themes with the most prominent describing aspects of science and scientific discovery, followed by the book's characterization as a "best seller" or "good read." Another recurring theme centered on issues surrounding exploitation in human research. In addition, the study reveals that sources who "set the frame" for coverage were most likely to be media figures, including Oprah Winfrey, Alan Ball and HBO films, in addition to newspapers and individual journalists and science writers. By examining the relationship of online frames with sources, the author found that a diversity of frames is paired with key sources: that is, multiple themes co-occur with source mentions, although the themes may not have been generated by the sources themselves. Rather, sources are linked to narrative frames by others who generate online coverage. The author concludes that, while key sources initially set a message's frame, once diffused, the message may take on other qualities.

The transformations of equipment and computer systems, and therefore their introduction in various spheres of human activity have influenced the way society creates and communicates. Originating from these changes, the Internet and the World Wide Web have enabled a cultural distinct movement, by which it is also observed a textual production directed to the dissemination and consolidation of scientific knowledge. In this scientific context created by digital tools, some questions arise, namely: One can consider the existence of an emerging academic-scientific genre (the cyberarticle) in the context of the Web? Is there a production context adjusted for the production and dissemination of cyberarticles? What are these digital technological tools to produce cyberarticles? In view of this, this thesis aims to characterize the cyberarticle as an emerging academic genre on the Web. This research was based on Bakhtin (1992) and his macro analytic studies on the genres, and Marcuschi (1999; 2008; 2010), Koch (2010) and Xavier (2001; 2009; 2010), especially when they refer to the relationship between genres and digital tools. These theories have articulated to the contributions of Lévy (1993; 1996) on the Cyberspace, the Cyberculture and the virtuality; to the contributions of Tapscott (2010) and Prensky (2001a; 2001b) on the Digital Generation and the digital natives and immigrants, respectively; and finally, to the contributions of Berners-Lee (1996; 2001; 2006) and O´Reilly (2005) on the Web. For a better understanding of the communication process through scientific journals, the studies of Biojone (2003) have become fundamental for research presented in this thesis. The methodological approach is constituted by two procedures of data observation and data collection: first, there was a cataloging of scientific journals and articles oriented to online publication, giving greater focus to the publications of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe and to proposals for scientific publication different from traditional forms; in the second procedure, a experience for production of cyberarticles in the Ciencidade (www.ciencidade.com.br) was accomplished with the participation of the students and professors of the UFS. By analyzing the virtual scientific journals of Universidade Federal de Sergipe it was verified that the text is limited to the use of static images and normalized links (ABNT, journal) and/or links created automatically by virtual word processors, which makes it a traditional scanned article. Moreover, in respect to proposals for different forms of publishing, along with the materials collected from the experience in the Ciencidade, it was clear that the production of cyberarticles is possible since there is a context that stimulates such production of cyberarticles. Thus, the cyberarticle can be considered an emerging academic and scientific genre in the context of the Web, because it is different from the genre of traditional scientific article due to the fact that it is characterized by integration of different languages and tools made possible by digital technology.<br>As transformações de equipamentos e sistemas computacionais e, por conseguinte, sua introdução em variadas esferas da atividade humana têm influenciado a maneira como a sociedade cria e se comunica. Oriunda dessas mudanças, a internet e a World Wide Web permitiram um movimento cultural distinto, por meio do qual também se observa uma produção textual direcionada à divulgação e consolidação do conhecimento científico. Nesse contexto científico criado pelas ferramentas digitais, surgem algumas questões, a saber: pode-se considerar a existência de um gênero acadêmico-científico emergente (o ciberartigo) no contexto da Web? Existe um contexto de produção ajustado para a produção e divulgação de ciberartigos? Quais seriam essas ferramentas tecnológicas digitais para a produção de ciberartigos? Diante disso, nesta dissertação, objetiva-se caracterizar o ciberartigo como um gênero textual acadêmico emergente na Web. Esta pesquisa se fundamentou em de Bakhtin (1992) e seus estudos macroanalíticos sobre os gêneros, e em Marcuschi (1999; 2008; 2010), Koch (2010) e Xavier (2001; 2009; 2010), especialmente quando que se referem à relação entre os gêneros textuais e as ferramentas digitais. Articularam-se tais teorias às contribuições de Lévy (1993; 1996) sobre o Ciberespaço, a Cibercultura e a virtualidade; às de Tapscott (2010) e Prensky (2001a; 2001b) sobre a Geração Digital e os nativos e imigrantes digitais, respectivamente; e, por fim, às de Berners-Lee (1996; 2001; 2006) e O´Reilly (2005) sobre a Web. Para melhor entender o processo de comunicação científica através de periódicos científicos, os trabalhos de Biojone (2003) tornaram-se fundamentais para a pesquisa apresentada nesta dissertação. O percurso metodológico se constituiu por dois procedimentos de observação e coleta de dados: no primeiro, houve uma catalogação de periódicos e artigos científicos orientados à divulgação on-line, a qual foi direcionada para as publicações da Universidade Federal de Sergipe e para propostas de publicação científica diferentes das formas tradicionais; no segundo procedimento, com a participação de alunos e professores da UFS, foi realizada uma experiência de produção de ciberartigos no Ciencidade (www.ciencidade.com.br). Ao analisar os periódicos científicos virtuais da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, ficou comprovado que o texto se limita ao uso de imagens estáticas e hiperligações normatizadas (ABNT, periódico) e/ou criadas automaticamente por processadores de textos virtuais, o que faz dele um artigo tradicional digitalizado. Por outro lado, no que se refere às propostas de publicação diferentes das formas tradicionais, juntamente com os materiais coletados a partir da experiência no Ciencidade, ficou nítido que é possível uma produção ciberartigos desde que exista um contexto de produção que estimule tal prática. Sendo assim, o ciberartigo pode ser considerado um gênero acadêmico-científico emergente na Web, pois se diferencia do gênero textual artigo científico tradicional, na medida em que se caracteriza pela integração de diferentes linguagens e ferramentas, possibilitadas pelas tecnologias digitais.

L’essor du journalisme à une échelle industrielle à partir du XIXe siècle s’est principalement construit sur la mise en rapport d’investissements et intérêts nombreux, remise en question dans le contexte de l’économie numérique. Ce travail de recherche veut contribuer à la compréhension des transformations contemporaines du journalisme en s’intéressant aux conditions d’existence matérielle de cette pratique de production discursive, aux changements qui se déploient dans les organisations médiatiques ainsi qu’aux stratégies et discours qui sont mobilisés. En France et au Québec, cette recherche porte sur deux groupes médiatiques, Ouest-France et Québecor, impliqués notamment dans la presse écrite et se saisissant des problématiques liées au numérique depuis le milieu des années 1990. Les modèles d’affaires des deux groupes et les intérêts des différents acteurs se voient modifiés, sans que le journalisme ne parvienne à assurer une autonomie économique. Sa position de subordination se voit renforcée dans les modèles et dispositifs progressivement déployés. Cette transformation en cours, au sein des groupes industriels, se construit alors autant au travers de changements organisationnels que dans et par le discours. Ce travail repose sur des approches empiriques croisées, permettant une analyse documentaire au sein et autour des deux groupes, ainsi qu’une analyse du discours, fondée notamment sur des entretiens avec des dirigeants, cadres et travailleurs de l’information. Au croisement de ces approches, c’est la transformation du journalisme et de son économie qui apparaît, non comme un objectif à venir, mais comme un processus à l’oeuvre. Déployant ses priorités, elle se construit autant dans les investissements que les discours, et laisse des traces qui sont l’objet de ce travail doctoral<br>The rise of journalism at an industrial scale from the XIXth century was mainly based upon the economic alliance between several interests and investments sources, and which are now challenged in the digital economy context. This research aims at contributing to a better understanding of the contemporary transformations of this practice of discursive production, together with changes taking place within media organizations as well as strategies and discourses at stake. In both France and Quebec, this research focus on two media groups, Ouest-France and Québecor, notably involved in newspapers, and confronted with digital issues since the mid-1990s. Both business models and stakeholders interests are changing, while journalism does not manage to ensure economic independence. Its subordination position is somewhat reinforced through models and apparatuses gradually rolled out. This ongoing transformation is built through both organizational changes and discourse. This doctoral research was based on cross-Empirical approaches, using document analysis within and around the two groups, as well as discourse analysis. The latter was based in particular on interviews with executives, managers and information workers. This research design and the junction of these approaches reveal that the transformation of journalism and its economy appears not as mere goal to com, but as a process already at work. By leaving some records and traces, covered by this doctoral work, this transformation builds as well upon investments and discourses

This study focuses on the factors shaping innovation in online newsrooms in three nations of the Arab World, with particular interest in the adoption of multimedia news innovations. Applying theoretical perspectives from the social shaping of technology and the diffusion of innovation literature, this study sought to identify the key factors shaping the innovation process. Field studies were based in three Arabic newsrooms: Aljazeera Net in Qatar, Almasry Alyoum in Egypt, and Almassae in Morocco. The case studies are grounded in two weeks of participant-observation field research within each online newsroom, along with over 100 in-depth interviews with those involved in the production of online news, and online archival reviews of the three news portals since their inception. Field research began with participant observation at Aljazeera in 2010, prior to the uprisings of the Arab Spring, and continued through early 2013. The political context of each newsroom during the field research became a major aspect of the innovation process of each case study. The thesis reinforces a wide range of social, economic, and organizational factors in the adoption and adaptation of multimedia technologies in the newsrooms studied, supporting earlier research on newsroom innovation across other regions of the world. For example, conceptions about ‘ideal’ industry multimedia models for the modern newsroom were important in each case. However, in the political context of events related to the Arab Spring, the overriding importance of the larger political context emerged in each case. The significance of this observation suggests that research on news organizations cannot take the political context for granted and should more explicitly embed it in discussion of the social shaping of innovation, even under more stable and liberal political conditions. There is a relative lack of systematic empirical research on Arabic newsrooms among studies of news innovation. Looking at the political context of emergent or weak democracies and their influence on modern multimedia newsrooms especially during crisis events, therefore, can contribute to the development of theory and research in Western democracies; and reintroduce politics into theories of innovation within modern newsrooms. This study suggests that future scholarship brings politics into the study of the social shaping of newsroom innovation without losing the many significant advances of existing research in more liberal democratic Western contexts of the multimedia newsroom.

Background: Patients diagnosed with melanoma frequently search the internet for treatment information, including novel and complex immunotherapy. However, health literacy is limited among half of the German population, and no assessment of websites on melanoma treatment has been performed so far. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and assess the most visible websites in German language on melanoma immunotherapy. Methods: In accordance with the common Web-based information-seeking behavior of patients with cancer, the first 20 hits on Google, Yahoo, and Bing were searched for combinations of German synonyms for “melanoma” and “immunotherapy” in July 2017. Websites that met our predefined eligibility criteria were considered for assessment. Three reviewers independently assessed their quality by using the established DISCERN tool and by checking the presence of quality certification. Usability and reliability were evaluated by the LIDA tool and understandability by the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). The Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) was calculated to estimate the readability. The ALEXA and SISTRIX tools were used to investigate the websites’ popularity and visibility. The interrater agreement was determined by calculating Cronbach alpha. Subgroup differences were identified by t test, U test, or one-way analysis of variance. Results: Of 480 hits, 45 single websites from 30 domains were assessed. Only 2 website domains displayed a German quality certification. The average assessment scores, mean (SD), were as follows: DISCERN, 48 (7.6); LIDA (usability), 40 (2.0); LIDA (reliability), 10 (1.6); PEMAT, 69% (16%); and FRES, 17 (14), indicating mediocre quality, good usability, and understandability but low reliability and an even very low readability of the included individual websites. SISTRIX scores ranged from 0 to 6872 and ALEXA scores ranged from 17 to 192,675, indicating heterogeneity of the visibility and popularity of German website domains providing information on melanoma immunotherapy. Conclusions: Optimization of the most accessible German websites on melanoma immunotherapy is desirable. Especially, simplification of the readability of information and further adaption to reliability criteria are required to support the education of patients with melanoma and laypersons, and to enhance transparency.

В данной работе изучена специфика краудфандинга в сфере книгоиздания, а также описаны особенности продвижения краудфандингового издательского проекта. Объект настоящей магистерской диссертации – краудфандинговый проект на переиздание архитектурного путеводителя по Екатеринбургу. Предметом исследования являются способы продвижения, использованные в проекте краудфандинга. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, библиографического списка, включающего 141 наименования. В первой части магистерской диссертации исследованы понятие, виды и преимущества краудфандинга, описаны особенности краудфандинга в сфере книгоиздания, а также перечислены основные способы продвижения проектов. Во второй части исследования подробно описаны все этапы создания краудфандингового проекта на переиздание путеводителя по Екатеринбургу, перечислены способы его продвижения. Благодаря статистическим данным дана оценка эффективности тех способов, результаты которых можно отследить и зафиксировать. Также были подведены итоги исследуемого проекта. Данная работа может послужить источником для других исследований, в том числе для сравнения эффективности кампаний по продвижению краудфандинговых проектов, что приведет к качественному и полному изучению данной темы.<br>In this paper, we studied the specifics of crowdfunding in the field of book publishing, and also described the features of promoting a crowdfunding publishing project. The object of this master's thesis is a crowdfunding project to reprint the architectural guide to Yekaterinburg. The subject of the research is the promotion methods used in the crowdfunding project. Master's thesis consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion, bibliography, which includes 141 titles. The first part of the master's thesis explores the concept, types and advantages of crowdfunding, describes the features of crowdfunding in the field of book publishing, and also lists the main ways to promote projects. The second part of the study describes in detail all the stages of creating a crowdfunding project for the reissue of a guide to Yekaterinburg, lists ways to promote it. Thanks to statistical data, an assessment is given of the effectiveness of those methods, the results of which can be tracked and recorded. The results of the research project were also summed up. This work can serve as a source for other studies, including comparing the effectiveness of campaigns to promote crowdfunding projects, which will lead to a qualitative and complete study of this topic.

This study attempts to analyse the way foreign media organisations have used the Internet to inform, educate and mobilise citizens for participation in their national election. These foreign experiences provide a framework with which to analyse the implications for the SABC as a public broadcaster of the next elections in South Africa. The research was informed by theories of media and democracy. One of the most powerful features of the new technology is its technical ability to facilitate an interactive flow of information. This research examines the concept of cyberdemocracy and the implications for the SABC, especially as it is planning on launching an online election strategy. The democratic roles of journalism and the implications for the SABC are also discussed. As a public service broadcaster, the SABC is bound to educate, inform, and mobilise voters for participation, build community and national identity and scrutinise the poll in the interests of transparency, accountability and fair play. International journalists are advocating a new type of journalism, called public or civic journalism, which combines these roles. This research draws primarily on qualitative research methods, using a case study methodology. It draws upon direct observation and interview methodology in the fieldwork. However, it also uses some quantitative methods in the analysis of the websites and the SABC research.Finally, the research analyses the situation at the SABC and provides recommendations for the election website within this context

Opening part of this paper is dedicated to the ongoing shift in social communication paradigm. An introduction to the subject of new media, web 2.0 concepts and social network sites phenomenon is followed by a discussion of integration possibilities of particular web 2.0 services. Some concerns about privacy, security, legislative framework and general openness of such system are discussed afterwards. A real case study of community virtualization process is introduced in the second part of this thesis. The case takes place in community of local non-profit club of youth and children. First, it is carried out an analysis of the communication receiver groups and the message types. We also describe the ongoing project of launching a new web site (made from several integrated web 2.0 services) and partial results of pilot implementation. Finally, the plan of the next integration steps is designed.

BACKGROUND: It has been claimed that the involvement of commercial companies in medical and health research poses risks relating to potential conflicts of interest. In response, many journals have developed conflict of interest policies, and there has been a proliferation of related guidance from publishers, professional associations and commercial companies, mostly centred on processes of voluntary disclosure. Studies and commentaries on these have raised concerns regarding the adequacy of such practices, but there has been limited analysis of the underlying context – how and why policies have been constructed in this way – or exploration of alternative approaches. AIM: This thesis examines how actors within medical journal publishing conceptualise conflicts of interest. It analyses their understandings of conflicts of interest: which types of interest are deemed most significant; which actor groups are seen as conflicted; and how conflicts are managed. Through doing so, it explores the barriers to, and possibilities of, change. METHODS: The study draws on two distinct sets of data. The first is a sample of conflict of interest policies and guidance. The second is 48 semi-structured interviews with actors working in a range of roles related to medical journal publishing. These data were thematically analysed to illustrate how medical journal publishing conceptualises and manages conflicts of interest, to identify perceived strengths and weaknesses of current approaches, and to identify potential opportunities for improvement. RESULTS: There appears to be an established discourse around conflicts of interest, which emphasises particular stakeholders, while others, who also have opportunities to influence journal content, are frequently absent from the debate. Financial interests are readily highlighted, while non-financial ones receive less attention and are thus often unregulated (Chapter 5). High levels of consistency characterise the ways in which actors discussed the management of conflicts of interest: for example, self-disclosure was regularly highlighted, despite the acknowledged weaknesses of this approach (Chapter 6). The existence of further mechanisms that offer the potential to assist in managing conflicts of interest were identified, though findings suggest that, in practice, these currently have limited uptake (Chapter 7). Interviewees’ suggestions of how conflicts of interest might be better managed (e.g. through greater data transparency) are also analysed. Overall, narrow interpretations of conflicts of interest and their management appear to have become institutionalised in ways that serve to limit the uptake of alternative approaches. DISCUSSION: Given the substantive importance that medical research can have on health policies and treatments, robust processes are required to protect the integrity and legitimacy of journals. This research shows that existing, institutionalised understandings of conflicts of interest have critical limitations, which leaves medical publishing open to potentially unethical practices that may be a source of bias in published evidence. This poses a significant threat to the desire to attain ethically robust, peer-reviewed medical/health research that can be used to inform policy and practice. Drawing on the interview data, the thesis explores some possible alternatives that may warrant further consideration.

Esta tesis ha sido desarrollada a modo de compendio de publicaciones las cuales presentan el proceso y los resultados de esta investigación, así como las líneas de investigación futuras. Los artículos han sido publicados entre 2012 y 2014 en formato de artículos en revistas científicas internacionales, en castellano y en inglés, y como capítulo de un libro. El objeto de investigación de esta tesis son los Repositorios de Recursos Educativos Abiertos (RREA), los cuales son definidos por McGreal (2011) como bases de datos digitales que albergan contenido de aprendizaje, aplicaciones y herramientas, tales como vídeos, grabaciones de audio, aplicaciones multimedia y herramientas de redes sociales, ya que a través de estos repositorios los REA se vuelven accesibles a estudiantes y docentes. Esta tesis se sitúa en el contexto de una discusión académica relevante para el área de educación superior contemporánea y la comunidad educacional en general, así el objetivo central de este estudio es proponer un marco que permita medir y asegurar la calidad de los repositorios de REA mediante la obtención indicadores teóricos de calidad en los repositorios REA (revisión de la literatura), para comprobar si los RREA cumplen o no con las recomendaciones sobre gestión de calidad, además de conocer cómo los docentes universitarios seleccionan y utilizan estos recursos para describir las características más relevantes con las que los RREA deberían contar para asegurar su correcta implementación. Sin embargo, para promover y apoyar el desarrollo de RREA, es necesario determinar criterios de control de calidad basados en las necesidades de toda la comunidad académica para mejorar el acceso a la educación a nivel global. Por lo que para este estudio la metodología de investigación es utilizada es mixta, utilizando técnicas de tipo cualitativas y cuantitativas. La primera etapa de la investigación consistió en una revisión de la literatura publicada entre 1996 y 2013. Con el fin de identificar la literatura más relevante para este estudio se analizaron 122 artículos de revistas científicas, artículos de conferencias y libros, dentro de los cuales se detectaron 10 indicadores de calidad para el diseño de RREA. En la segunda etapa de este estudio se analizaron 450 iniciativas de REA y 600 repositorios de diferentes tipos de contenidos abiertos. El análisis de estas iniciativas y repositorios abiertos permitió obtener un grupo de 80 repositorios que contenían exclusivamente. Los repositorios fueron contrastados con los 10 indicadores de calidad obtenidos de la revisión de la literatura con el fin de comprobar si estos repositorios cumplen o no con las recomendaciones de la literatura. La tercera etapa consistió en la aplicación de una encuesta a 217 docentes universitarios de 35 países a los cuales se les consultó cómo y cuánto utilizaban distintos tipos de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs), redes sociales, y RREA. Además se les consultó cuales consideraban que eran las ventajas y barreras del uso de REA y RREA y cómo evalúan la calidad en los RREA. Finalmente, en la última etapa se ha entrevistado a un grupo de 20 expertos mundiales en la temática de REA. Mediante un cuestionario online, se les consultó cuáles son los elementos que podrían sostener la correcta implementación de repositorios de REA.<br>This dissertation is composed by a set of articles that present the process and results of the research and its future research lines. The papers were published between 2012 and 2014. The research object are the repositories of open educational resources (ROER), which are defined by McGreal (2011) as databases of learning content such as videos, audio recordings and multimedia applications that made teaching materials accessible to students and teachers. This dissertation is centred in the context of an academic discussion relevant for higher education and to the academic community in general, its main objective is to propose a framework for quality assurance for the development of ROER by obtaining theoretical quality indicators from the review of the literature and contrasting those indicators with current ROER. Also, this study evaluates how academics select and use OER with the aim to describe a model for a successful implementation of ROER. The research methodology includes quantitative and qualitative techniques. The first stage of this research was to review the literature to obtain from it a set of quality indicators for the development, design and implementation of ROER. From this review 10 quality indicators were obtain, which were contrasted on the second stage within 80 ROER worldwide to analyse if these comply with the recommendations of the literature. The third stage was the application of a survey to 217 academics from 35 countries that were asked how and when they use technologies, social networks and OER in their academic practice and also, which were the advantages and barriers of the use of ROER. Finally, in the last stage, a group of 20 worldwide experts in OER were interviewed with the aim to identify the quality criteria for the development of ROER according to their views and experience.

The advances in ICTs have decisively changed the library and learning environment. On the one hand, ICTs have enhanced the variety and accessibility to library collections and services to break the barriers of location and time. On the other, the e-Learning has emerged as an additional medium for imparting education in many disciplines to overcome the constraint of physical capacity associated with the traditional classroom methods. For a vast developing country like India, this provides an immense opportunity to provide even higher education to remote places besides extending the library services through networking. Thanks to the recent initiatives by the public and private institutions in this direction, a few web-based instruction courses are now running in the country. This paper reviews different aspects of e-Learning and emerging learning landscapes. It further presents the library scene and new opportunities for its participation in the e-Learning process. How these ICTs driven advances can contribute to the comprehensive learning process in India is highlighted.

La démocratisation de l’écrit dans notre société culturelle moderne a fait que tout un chacun peut se revendiquer auteur. La reconnaissance n’est plus désormais à rechercher à travers la traditionnelle publication chez un éditeur mais à travers l’immatérialité des outils d’auto-édition offerts en ligne. D’une part, avec la phase de désintermédiation qui se joue entre les différents acteurs du secteur littéraire, l’écrivain se passe d’une maison d’édition. L’éditeur disparaît. D’autre part, l’auteur, personnage romantique et emblématique sur lequel le droit d’auteur a été forgé, s’efface progressivement du paysage juridique. Avec l’effacement du mythe est emportée la vision propriétaire des droits d’auteur, au profit de l’utilisateur. L’auteur disparaît. Les nouvelles pratiques de cette société connectée bouleversent le droit et sa capacité d’adaptation. Pourtant le contrat d’édition littéraire, socle de la relation auteur-éditeur, existe bel et bien et constitue le sujet de cette étude. Modèle dominant des contrats d’auteur, l’ambition de cette recherche est d’arriver à saisir à travers cette relation la nature du contrat d’édition et le jeu des nouveaux équilibres posés par l'ère numérique (réforme du Code de propriété intellectuelle), mais aussi de saisir les mutations à la lisière du droit d’auteur qui redéfinissent la possession dans l’ère immatérielle avec les modèles alternatifs du contrat d’édition littéraire (licences libres et creative commons). Les moyens d'y répondre emprunteront à l'analyse juridique mais aussi dans une juste mesure à l'internormativité, qui permettra d'observer le droit avec les yeux du sociologue, de l'économiste et de l'historien<br>The liberalization of writing in our contemporary cultural society has made it so anyone can now aim for the title of author. The recognition of one’s work is now sought, not through the traditional means of publishing, with the assistance of a professional publisher, but through immaterial processes of self- online publishing. On one hand, thanks to these new means, the author is able to cut the intermediation of the publishing field and to avoid using a professional publishing company. On the other hand, the author, romantic and emblematic character upon whom author’s rights have been forged is fading away from the legal landscape. With the decay of the myth, the ownership conception of author’s rights is taken away by those of the user. The author is fading away. The new customs of our over connected society are dramatically changing law and its ability to adapt. Although, publishing contracts are still a part of the process and are the subject at the heart of this study. The French intellectual property code was able to grant this contract access to the dematerialized world by incorporating the paradigm shift. Main model of publishing contracts, its ambivalent nature is due to the merging of both civil and intellectual property law that can be applied to it. This study aims to capture the true nature of the publishing contract figure, through the relations established between authors and publishers, including their new balance, and also to grasp a full understanding of the mutations surrounding the authors’ rights and that redefine ownership in a now immaterial era through the new alternative means of self-publishing (free licenses and creative commons)

Although companies and organisations worldwide publish in-house journals, there is no comprehensive theory (including technical and normative dimensions) available on this important public relations instrument. In particular, no research is available on what the characteristics of excellent South African in-house journals are or ought to be. In this study a number of dimensions are thus introduced in order to help create a comprehensive framework for analysing in-house journals, in particular South Africa’s leading in-house journals. Firstly, James Grunig’s excellence in public relations theory (published in 1992), which incorporates the concept of two-way symmetrical communication (which in turn is informed by a “symmetric” world view), is put forward as basic point of departure. Secondly, a set of technical criteria for excellent in-house journals gleaned from a wide range of sources, is compiled. Furthermore, the internal and external environments in which South African in-house journals function are identified. The role of other new media (such as e-mail, intranet, television and radio) is also taken into account. Five leading South African in-house journals are then analysed and the views of editors reflected. It was found that Abacus (Absa Bank), Harmonise (Harmony Gold Mining Company), Hello the future (MTN), Pick ’n Patter (Pick ’n Pay) and Sandaba (Sanlam) all measured up well against the theoretical statements flowing from the said theoretical points of departure. However, the analysis did also bring to the fore deviations from the said statements which give new insight into what is required to publish an excellent in-house journal. In conclusion, the criteria are evaluated against some of the more detailed findings of the analysis and adapted to create a set of theoretically based guidelines that can be used by South African companies, focusing inter alia on how the unique character and environment of a company influence its internal communication, to create excellent in-house journals. In final analysis, it is argued that all factors, starting with the philosophical points of departure informing communication strategies, management’s attitude toward internal communication, organisation culture, the socio-political environment in which in-house journals function as well as the technical aspects of these publications, need to be considered when formulating criteria for “excellent” in-house journalism. This study thus endeavours to contribute to the professional integrity of public relations in a sea of asymmetric, marketing-driven internal communication.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>科技管理研究所<br>86<br>The study of key factors of Internet publishing management-By Yuan-lung Tsai-Advisor: Dr. Chao-Tung Wen1.MotivationBesides the emergence and rapid growth of Internet, the multimedia display and linking talent of WWW have made it a booming media. Traditional media enterprises invested their resources to build up web site and provide online services.To the traditional media enterprises, such as Time-Warner and Dow Jones, the Internet is a new arena. Entering the Internet market with their successive experience in traditional media market, could they open the Internet publishing market successfully? How did they transfer t2.Research QuestionsIn this thesis, I will find out the key factors of Internet publishing management, and distinguish the key factors of the Internet publishing management from the key factors of traditional media, the questions of this research include:(1) What are the key factors of Internet publishing management?(2) What is the difference of the key factors of Internet publishing management between the ones of traditional media management?(3) How do the characteristics of the Internet influence the key factors of media management?3. MethodologyStarting with the key factors of media management, and concerning the effects of the characteristics of Internet, I studied several current Internet publishing site, then derived the conclusion.The research objects I chose include three different business types, one is online newspaper, another is online magazine, and the other one is online Encyclopaedia.4. ConclusionThe key factors of Internet publishing management include:(1) Find a definite niche of product, and serve the needs of target readers.(2) Stress the real time or accumulation of information even more(3) Internet publishing could break through the geographical boundary, offering more international information is the trend of Internet publishing.(4) Internet publishing site should design various tools, such as front page, site map, search engine, personal page, to make the site user- friendly.(5) Internet publishing site should design various interactive mechanisms, such as E-mail, online chat, online discussing board, member service, to communicate with the readers, and manage the reader community aggressively.(6) Human resources, especially Internet professionals, matter. Web site should employ full-time workers, include editors, authors, web site producers, web site designers, and computer professionals.(7) The resources of media group can support the Internet publishing, such as content sharing, financial support, brand name, promotion, and reputation.(8) Digital database and digital production capability are core competence of the Internet publishing.(9) Internet publishing should build up the network of collaboration. There are three kind of companions, one is content provider, another is ISP or Internet channel, the other is technology support.Comparing the key factors of media management and the ones of Internet publishing management, there are three different states. Some factors, include product niche, human resources, media resources, and outer resources, are consistent. Some factors, include real time and accumulation of information, market boundary, and technology, are modified. Some factors, include community and user-friendly, are specific for Internet publishing.

Defence date: 16 November 2005<br>Examining board: Andrea Ichino, European University Institute ; Fiona Scott Morton, Yale University ; Massimo Motta, Supervisor, European University Institute ; Frank Verboven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017