Journal articles on the topic 'Internet – Political aspects – Tunisia'
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Kim, Elvis H. "Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Information Age." International Area Studies Review 24, no. 3 (July 28, 2021): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22338659211026006.
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The outbreak of the Arab Spring in the Middle East and North Africa reignited the debate over the possibilities of democratization, with much attention paid to the roles of the internet. This paper attempts to answer the questions of whether the expansion of the internet leads to democratization and how calls for democratization during the Arab Spring produced contrasting results in Tunisia and China. The time-series cross-sectional analysis based on data of 166 countries suggests that the annual change of internet penetration is positively associated with a country’s Polity score and that the existing level of the penetration has a slightly negative effect on democratization, though the inclusion of the internet does not visibly improve the explanatory power of the models. The case study comparing Tunisia and China closely examines the multifaceted relationship between the internet and democratization and shows that the internet alone cannot determine the direction of political change. Rather, it is spatially and temporally situated state and societal actors who collectively determine the process and outcome of politics.
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Fraenkel, Richard. "Tunisia redux: aspects of change in a farming area of Northwest Tunisia, 1972–2007." Journal of North African Studies 13, no. 1 (March 2008): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629380701742835.
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Kuebler, Johanne. "Overcoming the Digital Divide: The Internet and Political Mobilization in Egypt and Tunisia." CyberOrient 5, no. 1 (January 2011): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.cyo2.20110501.0002.
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Morozov, Evgeny. "The Digital Origins of Dictatorships and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam. By Philip Howard. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 304p. $17.20." Perspectives on Politics 9, no. 4 (December 2011): 897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592711004038.
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Philip Howard's important book offers a timely and thorough treatment of a subject that has been catapulted into the global limelight thanks to recent revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt: the impact of the Internet on the political cultures in the Middle East.
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Gul, Yasmeen. "Effect of Information Technology on Social Movements: A case study of Arab countries." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v1i2.286.
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Social networking websites are: face book, twitter, beebo, orkut etc. The fact is that this technological advancement is changing the urban sociology drastically. Its effects range from personal friendships to political movements.
The demonstrations in Iran were mainly organised through face book and twitter. They had a major role in the overthrow of Tunisian president. There are wide spread protests in Egypt also. People of Egypt were demanding the end of Hosni Mubarak's regime and Egyptian government has banned both face book and twitter because people were demanding that president Hosni Mubarak should resign.
These websites don't start any movement but people who start movements use them to contact public. Previously it was difficult to arrange demonstrations and political parties had to announce in advance, which gave the government the chance to put a ban or just block the area where demonstration was to be held but now what they do is they just announce it one hour before the actual time and the government has no time to control it, that is why these websites have made political demonstrations more effective.
On the personal level they have made it easier to maintain contact with your friends but the level of close friendships is reduced. Previously we used to have few friends and one or two were very close friends but now we have hundreds of friends but no one is close. Besides dedicating more time to online activities means we have less time to actually go out and meet friends. This phenomenon is very common in the developed world. It is a major change and we still don't know where this change is leading.
The other aspect of technological advancement is that now knowledge is not restricted. Everybody and anybody can learn whatever they want all they need is an internet connection. The fact is nobody can close the internet. So internet in effect is the new super power in the world. America is not the super power internet is because America cannot close the internet but internet can close America.
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Chakchouk, Moez, Danielle Kehl, Jochai Ben-Avie, and Kate Coyer. "From Revolution to Reform: Recommendations for Spectrum Policy in Transitional Tunisia." Journal of Information Policy 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 575–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.3.1.575.
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Abstract Will the revolutionary changes of the “Arab Spring” result in more open and democratic media in the affected countries in the Middle East and North Africa? Using developments in Tunisia as a case study, the authors argue that democratically reformed media, Internet, and spectrum policies can lead to a more enabling and pluralistic environment that encourages new market entrants. Progress has been made, but ongoing challenges in structural and institutional reforms remain. The authors make a series of policy recommendations in the hope that Tunisia can be a model for its regional and global peers.
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Krukowska, Monika. "Tunezja i Maroko. Oblicza Arabskiej Wiosny." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.2.2.
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Political changes in Northern Africa, known as the Arab Spring, allowed reli‑ gious parties to take over the power. In the paper I analyzed political developments in Tunisia and Morocco in the past two years. Both countries have accepted reform agendas though their implementation brought about different results. In Tunisia the changes were very volatile, deeply interfering with all aspects of public and private spheres. In Morocco, on the opposite, the process was much more gentle, overseen in all aspects by king Mohamed VI. The fact that ruling political par‑ ties have religious roots has influenced the process of reforms and caused serious anxiety. The complexity of the economic, social, and political challenges in both countries hinders the reform process. The tensions between two ways of devel‑ opment (religious and secular) cause controversy and uncertainty which are the subject of this paper.
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Martin, Justin D., S. Shageaa Naqvi, and Klaus Schoenbach. "Attribute substitution and stereotypes about the online Arab public sphere: Predictors of concerns about Internet surveillance in five Arab countries." New Media & Society 21, no. 5 (May 2019): 1085–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818821369.
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This study examined concerns about Internet surveillance among Internet users in Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Lebanon, Qatar, and the UAE ( N = 4160). Despite common stereotypes about how variables like gender, youth, income, nationality, and liberal or conservative ideology affect political and cultural attitudes in Arab countries, these indicators were not significant predictors of concerns about online surveillance by governments and companies. Arab nationals reported greater concern about companies monitoring their online activity, while expatriates were more worried about government surveillance. The study uses literature on the attribute substitution heuristic to discuss how people might form stereotypes about large groups.
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Satola, David. "Legal aspects of Internet governance reform." Information Polity 12, no. 1-2 (August 29, 2007): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ip-2007-0109.
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Asanbaeva, Е., S. Yergaliyeva, and К. Yergaliyev. "KAZAKHSTANI POLITICAL INTERNET COMMENTARIES IN DERIVATIONAL AND LINGUO-PERSONALOLOGICAL ASPECTS." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.05.
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Development of computer networks, informational and communication technologies have had an undeniable impact on the linguistic or rather speech sphere of human life and contributed to the texts emergence of different genres. The proposed work is devoted to the study of Kazakhstani political Internet commentaries in derivational and linguo-personalological aspects. The text of a political article has a potential of derivational functioning, which is realized in the text of an online commentaryinfluenced by variable strategies and tactics. The aim of the study is to determine parameters of personal and textual generation of Kazakhstani political Internet comments. Taking as a basis for classification the parameters of the content, form and function of the secondary text, we identified the tactics of text generation within the subjective (personal) and objective (textual) strategies of textual activity. The result of text-derivatological and llinguo-personalological research showed that Kazakhstani Internet comments are dominated by a text strategy, where the most used tactics are keyword tactics and copial contenttactics.
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Trossen, Dirk, and Alexandros Kostopoulos. "Techno-Economic Aspects of Information-Centric Networking." Journal of Information Policy 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 26–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.2.2012.26.
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Abstract Can the Internet be redesigned to reduce future conflicts? The Internet's underlying architecture, Internet Protocol (IP), was introduced in 1974. Since then many ideas have been put forward about how to update and improve it. One branch of these is called “Information-Centric Networking” (ICN). Trossen and Kostopoulos note how ICN could improve the ability of the Internet to resolve conflicts between the various constellations of stakeholder interests, conflicts that they call “tussles.” Introducing a “tussle taxonomy,” they provide examples of how tussles might be resolved differently in ICN. They believe the ICN model would help rationalize pricing in a three-sided market; reduce congestion and transit costs; provide more transparency; offer more choices and possible outcomes with respect to issues such as privacy, intellectual property, and data protection; and better enable not just present but future business models that actors within the system might strive to establish.
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Olenev, Stanislav Vladimirovich. "Linguistic characteristics of Kazakhstan political internet comments." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Philology series, no. 2,2021 (June 1, 2021): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/fwbj6475.
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The aim of this work is determined by the importance of expanding and advancing in the development of conceptual directions within the framework of political linguistics, cultural linguistics, and consideration of linguistic characteristics based on the material of Kazakhstan political Internet comments, which has a greater effect on the consciousness of the people. It is implied in this statement there is an idea of the most important characteristics of representatives of the population – a parameter that influences the development of political discourse in conceptual and expressive aspects. The results of the generalized analysis serve as a basis for deepening such studies and disseminating them to other languages. The conducted research Internet commentary makes a certain contribution to the general theory of modern linguistics, practical lexicography. Evaluating different approaches to discourse also pushes this area forward methodologically. Research shows that well-known discourse centers are organizing a networked public to conduct a survey.
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Bochkareva, Elena, and Danil Strenin. "Theoretical and Legal Aspects of Cyberbulling." Russian Journal of Criminology 15, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(1).91-97.
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The article considers the theoretical and legal aspects of cyberbullying. The relevance of the research topic is connected with the lack of proper scientific study of this problem and the need to consider cyberbullying as an unlawfully socially dangerous act. Based on the study, the author's definition of cyberbullying is proposed. The results of a population survey on bullying on the Internet are presented. The main forms of cyberbullying are considered. One form of cyberbullying is doxing, which is the public disclosure of personal and confidential data via the Internet. The analysis of the motivation of cyber aggressors was carried out and two types of victims of cyberbullying were identified. The main short-term and long-term psychological and physical consequences of victims of cyberbullying are described. The differences of cyberbullying from the traditional forms of bullying are examined, the emphasis is placed on the presence of witnesses, who are divided into groups in the article, based on the roles they play in the bullying process. The current Russian legislation regarding liability for cyberbullying is analyzed. It is noted that in Russia this action is not considered an independent corpus delicti. Basic preventive measures are proposed that can eliminate or minimize the likelihood of becoming a victim of cyberbullying. Emphasis is placed on the need to complicate the registration procedure on social networks, on forums and other Internet resources by linking the profile to a mobile phone number, public services website account, and also specifying the real username or an officially registered nickname, which will eliminate online anonymity and malicious use of assumed names. The international experience of countering cyberbullying and the possibility of using it to improve domestic legislation in this area are considered.
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Erokhina, O. V. "Prospects of Electronic Voting in Russia: Technological and Political Aspects." Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 11, no. 3 (August 20, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2021-11-3-55-61.
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The main areas of application of digital technologies in the Russian political process are related to the conduct of electronic voting and the use of Internet services for the development of new forms of political participation both at the national level and in the feld of local self-government The growth in the number of Internet users, which has become a steady trend over the past 20 years, creates new conditions for interaction between government structures and society They include both unknown risks of destabilization associated with increased demands on state institutions and reduced confdence in the government, as well as new opportunities for interaction between the state and the public in socially signifcant areas of public administration The implementation in practice of the course outlined by the Digital Economy program and designed to ensure Russia’s competitive advantages, taking into account the global trends of the expectation or the onset (according to various estimates) of the fourth industrial revolution, creates a new context for the development of political processes In these conditions, the author considered electronic voting technologies an integral part of the development of the modern state, and this view is typical, including for a signifcant part of the political elites.
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Kryshtanovskaya, O. V., and I. A. Lavrov. "A political career for the Internet generation." Digital Sociology 4, no. 4 (January 26, 2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-347x-2021-4-4-18-27.
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The article deals with the problem of studying social mobility and classifying “social lifts” in the political sphere. The high relevance of this topic today is due to the growing politicisation of young people, as the result of this the social exclusion of young people is formed. Young people have a strong opinion that “social lifts” don’t exist or work. So young people sublimate their political energy in a protest activity unable to express their positions and interests legally.This article analysed both the political values of contemporary youth based on in-depth interviews (collective and individual) with 164 members of the young generation between the ages of 18 and 30, and the vertical mobility channels known from biographies of successful politicians at federal, regional and municipal levels. By this approach the typical positions from which a political career starts, the “entry points” into politics for newcomers have been identified, the valid mechanisms and institutions for upward mobility have been classified, and links with other career aspects have been revealed.The biographies of 800 officials and deputies throughout Russia (in eight federal districts) have been used and the career trajectories of representatives of government and local authorities have been analysed in the study. The classification of “social lifts” has been presented, their effectiveness and prevalence has been revealed, and links between education, profession, work experience and socio-demographic characteristics have been established.
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Mhamdi, Chaker Ali. "The use of political cartoons during popular protests: the case of the 2011 Tunisia uprising." Journal of English Studies 15 (November 28, 2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3063.
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This study investigates the use of political cartoons in the Tunisian context during its transitory phase in the aftermath of the 2011 uprising. It explores how political cartoons were used to critically reflect the socioeconomic and geopolitical conditions inTunisiaat that time. Additionally, it analyzes the predominant themes of Tunisian political cartoons during the transitory phase. To address these two research questions, this study uses a qualitative approach to analyze selected samples of political cartoons focusing on textual and graphic elements. The methodology adopted in this paper also employs textual analysis drawing upon semiotic theory addressing the framing of pictures, systems of signs, and visual aspects and modes of presentation.
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Nolin, Jan, and Nasrine Olson. "The Internet of Things and convenience." Internet Research 26, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 360–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-03-2014-0082.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and engage with connections between the evolving technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) and notions of convenience. In particular, the concept of alpha convenience is introduced in order to articulate the broad scope of Internet “any-everything” connectivity, here called “alpha convenience.” Design/methodology/approach – The recommendations of Constructive Technology Assessment are followed in order to evaluate technology before implementation. The seven value drivers articulated by Fleisch (2010) are utilized in order to envision-specific aspects. Findings – Three critical aspects relating to alpha convenience are identified and discussed: gossiping technology, personalization and the disempowered smartphone user. It is argued that extreme forms of convenience shift traditional areas of human agency onto technology. It is also noted that alpha convenience tends to develop as ubiquitous feature of future society, making it difficult, if not impossible, to opt out. Research limitations/implications – The paper focusses on one powerful concept, although the IoT is merely one of several terms used to deliberate the role of next-generation information technology and society. Notable competitors include semantic web, ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing and ambient intelligence. Social implications – The IoT is predicted to be an intrusive feature into everyday life and the paper identifies important aspects. Originality/value – This is the first critical discussion of the IoT and convenience. The paper aims at conceptual innovation. Overall, there is a substantial lack of critical scrutiny of the emerging ideas of the IoT.
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Robert Hunter, F. "Recent Tunisian Historical Writing on State and Society in Modern Tunisia." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 20, no. 1 (July 1986): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400058910.
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One problem faced by many Western historians of the Middle East and North Africa is a relative ignorance of what is being produced by the local scholars themselves. In the case of the Maghreb, for example, without regular visits to the area, an American researcher may have to wait several years to learn about the publication of a new book or a local research project relevant to his own interests. This observation is certainly true for Tunisia, where a small, active group of historians at the University of Tunis has been examining aspects of Tunisia's political and social evolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but whose works, with few exceptions, are not well known to scholars in America.
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Breuer, Anita, and Jacob Groshek. "Online Media and Offline Empowerment in Post-Rebellion Tunisia: An Analysis of Internet Use During Democratic Transition." Journal of Information Technology & Politics 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2013.850464.
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Sheremet, Oleg S., Oleksii M. Voluiko, Victoriia V. Posmitna, Tetiana Poda, and Yuriy M. Bidzilya. "Political and legal aspects of the information warfare." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 45 (October 29, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.45.09.3.
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This article describes the technological features of information warfare and possible lawful mechanisms to counter information attacks. The aim of the article is to analyse the political and legal features of information warfare. The tactics of the aggressor state’s behaviour in a hybrid war was substantiated using the case of the information war between Russia and Ukraine. The channels of information dissemination, which are most often used for disintegration and disinformation purposes, were studied. Problematic issues of the domestic public space that most often appear in the perspective of disinformation attacks on the Internet are determined: the activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, cooperation between Ukraine and the EU, reforms in Ukrainian society, temporarily occupied territories and annexed Crimea, corruption in Ukraine. The tactics of confrontation between countries in the information space was analysed — attempts to establish their “security belt” from other actors in international relations and to maintain their own dominant influence in certain regions by spreading misinformation. Promising areas of further research will be the analysis of the peculiarities of the national legal systems’ development in order to counter misinformation in the context of the continuous development of democracy in the world.
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Ushakova, Valentina G. "GENDER ASPECTS OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND IMAGE. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 1 (2021): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2021-1-267-277.
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The article presents materials from a socio-gender empirical study of the attitude of YouTube users to the candidates for the post of President of the Russian Federation who participated in the 2018 elections. The elections are indicative of the gender imbalance. Of the 8 candidates – only 1 is a woman. YouTube, on request in the search bar “presidential debate 2018”, gave out four posts with millions of views. The videos were concerned with the most emotional moments of the elections. It was revealed that gender stereotypes affect the perception of the image of a political leader by Russians. The conducted sociogender study showed that the Internet has a huge information potential for gender sociology
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Howard, Philip N. "The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom. By Evgeny Morozov. New York: PublicAffairs, 2011. 432p. $27.95." Perspectives on Politics 9, no. 4 (December 2011): 895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592711004014.
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Since early 2011 there have been significant changes in North Africa and the Middle East. Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had ruled Tunisia for 20 years, and Hosni Mubarak reigned in Egypt for 30 years. Yet their bravest challengers were 20- and 30-year-olds without ideological baggage, violent intentions, or clear leaders. Political change in these countries inspired activists across the region. Some tough authoritarian governments responded with tear gas and rubber bullets, others with policy concessions, welfare spending, and cabinet shuffles. The groups that initiated and sustained protests had few meaningful experiences with public deliberation or voting, and little experience with successful protesting. These young citizens were politically disciplined, pragmatic, and collaborative. Where did they come from? How do young people growing up in modern, entrenched, authoritarian regimes find political inspirations and aspirations? Are digital media important parts of the contemporary recipe for democratization?
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Radi, Lamia. "RAHMA BOURQUIA, MOUNIRA CHARRAD, AND NANCY GALLAGER, ED., Femmes, Culture et Societé au Maghreb, 2 vols. (Casablanca: Afrique-Orient, 1996). Pp. 338. $25.00 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 4 (November 2001): 635–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801324078.
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This work seeks to portray the reality of the “Maghribi woman” (the Maghrib of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) using a gender-studies approach. It therefore has both the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach: its multidisciplinarity allows each contribution to enrich the others by analyzing women in turn through their legal status and economic and political role. At the same time, however, this exclusive focus on women at times overlooks important aspects of women's social relations with their broader environment.
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Picard, Avi. "Immigration, health and social control: Medical aspects of the policy governingAliyahfrom Morocco and Tunisia, 1951–54." Journal of Israeli History 22, no. 2 (October 2003): 32–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13531040312331287634.
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Ilienko, Olena, and Liudmyla Shumeiko. "DIRECTIONS AND TRENDS OF STUDYING POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION (LINGUISTIC AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 11(79) (September 29, 2021): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2021-11(79)-72-75.
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The rapid spread of Internet communication nowadays has changed the conditions under which political communication takes place, although its purpose remains the same – influence for the sake of power. The article analyzes and summarizes the directions and trends in the study of political discourse, which is the context of political utterance, utterance itself and its perception. It is noted that the Internet has proved to be a new effective way of informing, persuading, arguing and manipulating the mass consciousness, accelerating the process of providing information and changing its format, including for manipulative purposes. It is revealed that the Internet has formed new genres and forms of political communication, providing an opportunity to get feedback from the political message and creating the appearance of direct communication between politicians and the public. The study of political discourse by researchers today is multi-vector: in a purely linguistic direction (the language of political statements); in linguistic and pragmatic direction (how the functions of political discourse are realized); anthropocentric (political personality); sociolinguistic (society’s reaction to the political activities of the subjects) and others. As the field of politics is constantly changing, responding to global, socio-political, economic circumstances, its analysis, including by linguists, provides and will always provide new material for further research.
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Madmalil, Ehsan, and Hamed Mohagheghnia. "Role of Social Networks in the Spread of the Arabic Revolutions." Environment Conservation Journal 16, SE (December 5, 2015): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2015.se1636.
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Recent political developments in the Middle East and North Africa have been occurred in the globalization era. With the advent of globalization and the information revolution, human relations have been greatly altered. The impact of these developments is in such a way that the policy can be analyzed and classified into the periods of before and after the advent of the information technology. Accommodating a wide range of social and political actors in cyberspace, internet and social networks are means to advertise and promote political, social and cultural entities on the one hand and provide a source of political and social awareness on the other hand. They link the political activists to people, and finally provoke the actions of protest and mobilize protests. Hence, the role of the new social media such as the internet and social networks in the acceleration and continuity and expansion of the revolutionary developments in the Middle East and North Africa cannot be ignored. The role of the internet and new media in these revolutions has been so strong that some of them are called revolutions of Facebook and Twitter. Thus, in order to access the right results, you should understand the features and functions of social media, analyze their role in the development of revolutionary upheavals in the Middle East and North Africa. The current study is trying to explain the effect of social networks in the context of globalization on the formation and expansion of recent political developments in the Middle East and North Africa, for instance, in Tunisia, Egypt and Bahrain.
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Moraru, Victor, and Ionel Pintilii. "The internet, as an ”engine of change”, in the view of scientific research." Akademos, no. 3(62) (December 2022): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52673/18570461.22.3-66.14.
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The astonishing rise of information technology over the past decades and the spectacular rise of the Internet have generated a veritable avalanche of academic studies. The purpose of the article is to present an overview of the investigations dedicated to the Internet phenomenon. Developing the acceptance of the Internet as an ”engine of change”, the researchers show many aspects of the massive changes produced by the evolution of the Internet (sociology of the Internet, the influence of the Internet on the development of society, the new economy, the cybersphere opportunities, cultural, social and political aspects of the Internet). The article refers to several relevant studies in the field, examines the main directions of academic research related to computer-mediated communication, highlights the contribution in clarifying the particularities of the phenomenon that belongs to various authors, reveals how the characteristics and social impact of the Internet were analyzed and argued.
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Celik, Serkan. "Experiences of internet users regarding cyberhate." Information Technology & People 32, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 1446–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-01-2018-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore internet users’ experiences of cyberhate in the aspects of ethnicity, religion, sexual preference and political perspective. Design/methodology/approach Researchers employed an exploratory survey method to examine internet users’ experiences of cyberhate. The participants of the study were determined by purposive sampling methods to attain maximum variety among internet users with high-level digital literacy skills. The data were collected from 355 internet users affiliated with two universities in Turkey and the USA using a personal data form and a survey (Cyberhate Experience Survey) of which reliability and validity indexes were ensured. Findings The results indicated that participants have observed and experienced cyberhate at different levels targeting their ethnic, religious, gender-based and political identities. The findings also pointed out that gender, income and socio-political identities are significant variables on exposure to cyberhate regardless of cultural and educational boundaries. The majority of survey respondents reported that they had encountered cyberhate mostly on social media platforms. Social implications The findings of the study imply that to address the hate speech problem comprehensively, the author must enlighten people, change their way of thinking and broaden their perspectives by using measures such as intercultural dialogue, critical thinking, media literacy, education on tolerance and diversity. Originality/value This research was intended to contribute into the need to elaborate on various aspects of cyberhate, which is shared by academics, thinkers, journalists and educators. It may also serve to clarify how frequently internet users encounter hateful content and harassment online, which can have social consequences and influence young people’s trust to other people.
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Hasfi, Nurul. "KOMUNIKASI POLITIK DI ERA DIGITAL." Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/politika.10.1.2019.93-111.
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In the last two decades Internet has influenced aspects of human life including democracy. In Indonesian context, since the arrival of Internet in the last 1990s, it was creating new phenomenon known as online political communication. It dramatically have been changing the practice of traditional political communication mediated by convensional media. This article try to provide discussion theoretically and practically relating to the issue. Theoreticaly it explores of how internet has modified classical political communication theory; how new character of Internet has potential effect for producing better quality and quantity of political communication as well as how it has arised problematic issues on the process. Furthermore, this discussion briefly conclude that political communication in the future might never separate from this new medium. It may become most intriguing 'live laboratory' for researcher of the potential roles of the Internet in the political communication process.
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Beliakov, Nikolai S., and Kristina D. Kurgacheva. "Internet technologies in the conditionsofmodernpoliticalprocess." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 25, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2019-25-1-162-174.
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The distinctive feature of the modern political process is the informatization of social space. In the context of Informatization, the Internet becomes an integral part of modern life, which leads to an irreversible transformation of the classical political process. In general, informatization can be viewed as a positive trend in the development of politics as a sphere of social life. The use of information technologies makes it possible to establish subject-subject interaction between citizens and political actors, leads to the process of democratization, allows for effective agitation, creates a basis for discussion platforms for discussing socially important problems, ensures the availability of a public information, etc. But at the same time this the trend has a number of negative aspects. First, the problem of “digital inequality”. Secondly, the negative trend towards fragmentation of the political segment of the network on the ideological basis, which leads to the marginalization of political activity and the lack of discussion. Thirdly, there is the problem of cyber security, state control over the Internet, manipulation of public consciousness, etc. However, in general, despite the existence of a number of destructive moments, full informatization seems to be the inevitable future of all spheres of public life, including political. Thus, it is necessary to look for ways to overcome negative factors in the development of the political segment of the web; to achieve its transformation into a real discussion and working platform for all legitimate political forces, regardless of their representation in the government bodies. The state should play a special role in this process, because the functions of public control was delegated to it, and from their competent use depends the future development of society as a whole and the political segment of the Internet in particular.
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Yergaliyeva, S., K. Yergaliyev, and N. Melnik. "Linguistic Personological marker of Ordinary Political Discourse (on the example of Russian Internet comments)." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Philology series 98, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph2/19-26.
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The article is devoted to the results of a linguistic-personal research conducted on the basis of political Internet commentaries published on Russian sites. The article considers such aspects of the topic as: Internet communication, text-derivatology, linguistic-personology. In this study, special attention is paid to the virtual linguistic persona, reconstructed on the basis of their political Internet comments which manifest the linguistic abilities in the mental and psychological aspect. Methods of comparative-contrastive, descriptive methods and the method of quantitative estimation were applied in order to study this subject, and the research is based on the text-derivative analysis of derived texts, which are considered in the formal, content and functional plans. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors of personal text generation of Russian political Internet comments in the linguistic-personalological aspect. In the proposed article, a linguistic personality is reconstructed on the basis of political internet comments which reflect her linguistic abilities. In the course of linguistic analysis, the following methods were used: linguistic description, derivatological analysis technique, sampling method. As a result of analysis of political Internet comments, the parameters of the personal factor of text generation were revealed.
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Van Laer, Jeroen. "Activists Online and Offline: The Internet as an Information Channel for Protest Demonstrations." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.15.3.8028585100245801.
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Using individual-level data of protest participants in nine different protest demonstrations in Belgium, this article compares activists using the Internet and activists not using the Internet as an information channel about an upcoming demonstration. We find that "online" and "offline" activists differ significantly in terms of sociodemographic and political backgrounds, formal network and organizational embeddedness, and, to some extent, motivational aspects. The findings suggest that using digital communication channels likely extends and narrows the mobilizing potential to a public of experienced, organizationally embedded activists. The Internet is principally used by "superactivists" who are experienced and highly educated, and, who simultaneously combine multiple engagements. The article then discusses these results in light of two focal problems: that the Internet reinforces participation inequalities, and that the Internet might prove insufficient for sustained collective action participation and the maintenance of future social movement organizations.
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Shaev, Associate Prof Yury. "Virtual narrative and the Internet of Things." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p496-496.
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Internet of Things, as a presenting of physical computer network related objects and interact, acts as an ontological and semiotic phenomenon. The world of things, long regarded in European philosophy and sociology as reprezentator of metaphysical realities, social meanings, the scope of the implementation of status and political aspects, is nowadays relatively independent. Things, on the one hand, continue to perform their semiotic characteristics and realize representational properties, and on the other hand, begin to take their special traits of being specific, embedding in the practice of human interaction and often converting them. Internet of things represents the ability of things to interact with each other. Carrying out specific functions of the person who previously carried out the only by the man, things are less representing the specific individual areas of natural, social, and political life and, increasingly, creating measurement of social, natural and political. These questions require for its solution efforts of the semiotics, ontology and philosophy of information technologies.
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Pan, Chun Li. "Research on the Design of Strategy for the Political Information Network Dissemination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 2481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.2481.
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With the development of information technology, the Internet has become an important tool for ideological and political work. Internet will use preference characteristics to promote the network ideological and political work in a more effective development. This paper used literature review, questionnaire survey, site investigation, comparative analysis, comprehensive analysis, the above two aspects will carry on the quantitative analysis and in-depth discussion, in order to provide new methods and ideas for other research in related fields, but also to provide quantitative basis and theoretical basis for the follow-up study. This study is the inevitable result to promote the higher education, science development requirements, which are network measurement and trend.
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Vasiliev, Aleksey Mikhailovich, and Natalia Aleksandrovna Zherlitsina. "Internet Revolution or Just Fitna: Towards the Tenth Anniversary of the Arab Spring." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-3-529-542.
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The article is dedicated to the analysis of the tenth anniversary of the revolutionary events in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), called the Arab Spring. The relevance of the study of the consequences of political transformations in Arab countries is due to the incompleteness of the modernization processes in such areas as public administration, justice and human rights, which gave rise to the discontent of the active part of society, which had initiated the protests. The idea of the research was to compare the causes of popular uprisings, the methods of political struggle, the main actors and the results of the Arab Spring for most of the countries affected by this process. Particular attention has been paid to the growing popularity of Islamist political forces, which have given their answers and pseudo-answers to acute societal issues. With the help of comparative and typological analysis, the peculiarities of different models of political development in the Middle East and North African countries have been studied. Over the past decade, world science has accumulated a significant layer of research on the Arab Spring phenomenon. The authors have taken into account a wide range of opinions of scholars from Europe, the United States, Turkey, Israel, and the Arab states. Aiming to assess the political transformation of the MENA region over the past 10 years, this study analyzes changes in the position of external actors such as Russia and the USA. The authors conclude that the influence of the US as a whole in the region has decreased, while the influence of Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia has increased. Israel has managed to strengthen its own security by establishing normal relations with a number of Arab states in the region. The popular unrest that erupted again in Iraq, Lebanon, Sudan, Algeria, and Tunisia in 2018-2021 was objectively caused by the same conditions that had given rise to the Arab Spring and with the same uncertain results so far.
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Fox, Jonathan. "The Secular-Religious Competition Perspective in Comparative Perspective." Politics and Religion 12, no. 3 (June 17, 2019): 524–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175504831900018x.
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AbstractPolitical secularism is defined as “an ideology or set of beliefs advocating that religion ought to be separate from all or some aspects of politics or public life (or both).” In the secular–religious competition perspective, I argue that political secularists compete with religious political actors to influence government policy around the world. Yet this competition is complicated by many factors. The contributions to this symposium demonstrate that this is the case in their examination of secular–religious tensions and state–religion relations in Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Turkey, and Tunisia. These cases show that government religion policy evolves over time and is deeply influenced by secular–religious competition but that this competition is a complex one involving many other factors and influences.
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Wen, Jihua. "Research On The Hybrid Teaching Method Of Ideological And Political Course Online And Offline In Higher Vocational Colleges Under The Background Of Internet." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 05049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123605049.
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In the 21st century, the rapid development of the Internet has affected all walks of life to varying degrees. In the era of rapid development of the Internet, the ideological and political teaching of higher vocational colleges lags behind the development of the times. Whether from the aspects of ideological and political teaching content, ideological and political teaching means or teaching teachers' accomplishment, how to better use the Internet to meet the teaching requirements of the new era is undoubtedly a major problem that higher vocational colleges need to think about in the teaching industry, so higher vocational colleges should seize the opportunity, face the difficulties and comply with the requirements of the new era, Construct the teaching theory system of ideological and political course with characteristic socialism.
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Ceccarini, Luigi. "Could the Internet be a safety-net for democracy in crisis?" Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 50, no. 1 (September 13, 2019): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.24.
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AbstractDemocratic politics does not meet the expectations of citizens who have gradually become more critical towards representative politics and the political elite that represent them. From these well-known considerations and social evaluation spread among the citizenry, this paper focuses on political representation and the concept of citizenship in the age of the Internet. After discussing the positive and negative aspects of digital disintermediation (and hence neo-intermediation), this study concentrates on the potentialities of the role of the Internet, with its ambiguities, and monitoring of citizens' engagement as a possible safety-net for representative democracies in crisis worldwide.
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Terzis, Georgios. "The end of hypocrisy: Online activism and ethno-political conflicts." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i1.15.
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In the past twenty years, democratic participation through activism and civil disobedience has been increasingly expanded with the evolution of information and communication technology. It is assumed that the role of traditional media is not as influential as it once was due to the growing presence of self-made war journalists, hacktivists and whistleblowers, facilitated through the potential of the internet. The use of the latter as a tool from which information is disseminated rapidly, is fast influencing societal understanding and exposure to issues as they develop. Social media demonstrates precisely this phenomenon, in which people are able to accrue information and act upon it through mass communication and mobilisation. This article will therefore endeavor to analyse the evolution of media in conjunction with activism, from traditional media ethno-political conflict reporting, to today’s whistleblowers and hacktivists that use the internet as their main platform. By factoring in these different aspects, this article is able to present a detailed account of the advantages and drawbacks of the latest developments in internet and technology, with special emphasis being placed on the role of online activism.
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Musgrave, Paul. "The Making of the Pundit, 2010: When Strong Ties Trump Weak Ones." PS: Political Science & Politics 45, no. 02 (March 14, 2012): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096511002083.
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AbstractMany observers have argued that social media such as Facebook and Twitter will help opposition activists coordinate and overcome authoritarian regimes; others believe that such tools will have little impact. Evidence from the “Arab Spring” is inconclusive, with advocates for each position finding support in the events in Tunisia, Egypt, and elsewhere. When does social media help political movements succeed? Motivated by an experience serving as a “campaign manager” for a colleague's bid to become theWashington Post's “Next Great Pundit,” I argue that relying on Internet-based social networking tools (such as Facebook and Twitter) may lead campaigns to perform more poorly when the regime is able to change the election's rules in mid-campaign. Consequently, researchers observing only the messages broadcast by social media will miss the true coordination taking place, which happens through channels unobservable to the regime. Examples from Middle Eastern politics suggest that real-world political activists recognize these distinctions and adjust their messaging accordingly.
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Alfredsson Ågren, Kristin, Anette Kjellberg, and Helena Hemmingsson. "Digital participation? Internet use among adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities: A comparative study." New Media & Society 22, no. 12 (November 18, 2019): 2128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819888398.
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Internet use is an integrated part of everyday life, especially among young people. However, knowledge of this for young people with disabilities is scarce. This study investigates digital participation of adolescents with intellectual disabilities by comparing aspects of Internet use among adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities. Cross-sectional comparative design was used and a national survey from the Swedish Media Council was cognitively adapted for adolescents with intellectual disabilities aged 13–20 years. The results reveal that a significantly lower proportion of the 114 participating adolescents with intellectual disabilities had access to Internet-enabled devices and performed Internet activities, except for playing games, than the reference group ( n = 1161). The greatest difference was found in searching for information. Analyses indicate that adolescents with intellectual disabilities are following a similar pattern of Internet use as the reference group, but a digital lag is prevalent, and a more cognitively accessible web could be beneficial.
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Salikov, Alexey. "The Digital Transformation of the Public Sphere, Its Features in the Context of Various Political Regimes, and Its Possible Influence on Political Processes." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 18, no. 4 (2019): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2019-4-149-163.
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The question of how the digital transformation of the public sphere affects political processes has been of interest to researchers since the spread of the Internet in the early 1990s. However, today there is no clear or unambiguous answer to this question; expert estimates differ radically, from extremely positive to extremely negative. This article attempts to take a comprehensive approach to this issue, conceptualizing the transformations taking place in the public sphere under the influence of Internet communication technologies, taking their political context into account, and identifying the relationship between these changes and possible transformations of political regimes. In order to achieve these goals, several tasks are tackled during this research. The first section examines the issue as to whether the concept of the public sphere can be used in a non-democratic context. It also delineates two main types of the public sphere, the “democratic public sphere” and the “authoritarian public sphere,” in order to take into account the features of public discourse in the context of various political regimes. The second section discusses the special aspects of the digital transformation of the public sphere in a democratic context. The third section considers the special aspects of the digital transformation of the public sphere in a non-democratic context. The concluding section summarizes the results of the study, states the existing gaps and difficulties, outlines the ways for their possible extension, and raises questions requiring attention from other researchers.
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Alagoz, Nataly. "Internet and Social Networks as Channels of Communication between Political Parties and Voters in the Kemerovo Region: an Internet Content Analysis." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2022, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2022-7-1-1-11.
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The research featured websites and Instagram accounts of Kuzbass branches of various political parties. The research objective was to identify the quantitative and qualitative features of the information content using T. Parsons' theory of structural functionalism and the methods of systematic and comparative approach, as well as the method of content analysis. The parties used various types of content in different proportions. The official websites and Instagram accounts shared the same content network, the latter being more representative in terms of news content. The United Russia proved to be the most active party in such aspects as communication with potential voters and the amount, frequency, and variety of posts. The Just Russia party mostly popularized its electoral campaign program. The Communist Party and the Liberal Democratic Party had low quality indicators of news content. The author believes that the Internet communication had a strong effect on the campaign of September 2021 in the Kemerovo Region.
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Moskalyk, Roman, and Liana Moskalyk. "DIGITALIZATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY: THEORETICAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS." Green, Blue & Digital Economy Journal 2, no. 3 (October 29, 2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2021-3-4.
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The purpose of this article is to explore the theoretical background of the digitalization of the world economy, focusing on the channels of influence of digitalization on economic growth. There is also a discussion of policy priorities to enhance the positive effects and limit the negative effects of digitalization. Systematic and comparative analysis methods were used. The main conclusions are that early research on the impact of digital technology on economic growth has failed to fully explain the sustained correlation between digitalization and productivity, mainly because of the limitations of available statistics in the past. Recent studies largely suggest that digital technology can have a positive impact on productivity through channels such as robotics that increase productivity on assembly lines, autonomous machines and intelligent systems that increase data analysis and operations productivity, automated maintenance scheduling that increases productivity by reducing downtime due to breakdowns, 3-D printing technology that increases productivity through rapid production of parts, reducing the supply chain, innovative materials that reduce costs and processing time, informatics that reduce costs and reanalysis time. It is argued that, in reality, these channels may have much less impact on productivity than their potential, due to a number of market characteristics and policy constraints. The phenomenon of the digital divide includes unequal income distribution, unequal access to technology, and risks of increased unemployment, etc. Thus, effective, comprehensive policies to promote digitalization at various levels can have an important impact on the economic and social goals of the nation. Recommendations are given to solve the problem of the "digital divide" as follows: improving skills and technical knowledge, providing high-speed Internet in rural and remote areas, redistribution of labor and capital, competition policy tools in case of a large influence of platform business on markets, reducing financial constraints for young innovative firms and start-ups, transition to public digital services, digital-friendly policy for the elderly population.
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Fuchs, Christian. "Some Reflections on Manuel Castells’ Book "Networks of Outrage and Hope. Social Movements in the Internet Age"." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 10, no. 2 (December 9, 2012): 775–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v10i2.459.
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This paper provides critical reflections on Manuel Castells’ (2012) book Networks of Outrage and Hope. Social Movements in the Internet Age that analyses the “nature and perspectives of networked social movements” (p. 4) and gives special focus to the role of “social media” in movements that emerged in 2011 in Tunisia, Iceland, Egypt, Spain and the United States. I situate Castells’ book in an intellectual discourse that focuses on the political implications of social media and that has involved Clay Shirky, Malcolm Gladwell and Evgeny Morozov. The article also discusses the role of social theory and empirical research in Castells’ book, presents as an alternative a theoretical model of the relationship between social movements and the media, discusses the implications that some empirical data that focus on social media in the Egyptian revolution and the Occupy Wall Street movement have for Castells’ approach, discusses how Castells positions himself towards capitalism and compares his explanation of the crisis and his political views to David Harvey’s approach. Section overview: 1. Introduction 2. Social Media and Politics: A Controversy between Clay Shirky, Malcolm Gladwell and Evgeny Morozov 3. Castells on Social Media in the Context of Protests and Revolutions: The Dimension of Social Theory 4. Social Theory Recovered: A Model of the Relationship between Social Movements and the Media 5. Castells on Social Media in the Context of Protests and Revolutions: The Dimension of Empirical Research 6. Manuel Castells and David Harvey: The Question of Political Struggle - For or against Capitalism? 7. Conclusion
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Sofi, Mohammad Dawood. "Rethinking the Root Causes of The Tunisian Revolution and its Implications." Contemporary Arab Affairs 12, no. 3 (September 2019): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2019.123003.
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What happened within and beyond Tunisia in 2010–11 has been told repeatedly from a number of perspectives, each putting a greater or a lesser emphasis on one or several variables ranging from society, politics, economics, to religion or the involvement of external dynamics. An exploration of the causes of the Arab Spring and the factors that shaped its outcome is critical when answering several frequently raised questions, some of which are highlighted here. This article provides a concise picture of the Arab Spring and its consequences for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). It defines the meaning of revolution by examining various explanations and interpretations provided by several theorists and shows which explanation(s) best fits the Tunisian case. Moreover, the study explains how multiple factors, such as social and economic injustice, authoritarian rule, the internet, and social media have played a role in enabling the Tunisian Revolution to happen.
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Polster, Petr. "Regional aspects of environmental informatics." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 4 (2011): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159040227.
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Information and communication technology diffuse through the whole of our current practices and form our entire life. Just in the media, at political, economic and scientific level, and often even in normal conversation among people is the global environment very frequented and discussed question. The results of the environment monitoring in Czech Republic (its natural and humane components) are publicized in numeric form (field measurements data including derived indicators) and in cartography representation (Geographical Information System) at any internet servers of various levels of public administration. Environment indicators are nation-wide. At self-government region management authority level publication of regional indicators describing natural and human components of environment is null practically, in both print and electronic form. Similar situation persists in describing preserved natural territories (nature monuments and reservations, Natura2000 areas, etc. …). Somewhat better is the situation of historical and in part of technical objects. Complex description of regional environment is missing.
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Bene, Márton, and Gabriella Szabó. "Discovered and Undiscovered Fields of Digital Politics : Mapping Online Political Communication and Online News Media Literature in Hungary." Intersections 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v7i1.868.
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The article reviews the main theoretical and empirical contributions about digitalnews media and online political communication in Hungary. Our knowledge synthesis focuses on three specific subfields: citizens, media platforms, and political actors. Representatives of sociology, political communication studies, psychology, and linguistics have responded to the challenges of the internet over the past two decades, which has resulted in truly interdisciplinary accounts of the different aspects of digitalization in Hungary. In terms of methodology, both normative and descriptive approaches have been applied, mostly with single case-study methods. Based on an extensive review of the literature, we assess that since the early 2000s the internet has become the key subject of political communication studies, and that it has erased the boundaries between online and offline spaces. We conclude, however, that despite the richness of the literature on the internet and politics, only a limited number of studies have researched citizens’ activity and provided longitudinal analyses.
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Morozov, Ilya. "Political Communicativistics: The Evolution of Understanding the Role of Information in Political Process." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.3.6.
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Introduction. The article is a survey study, the purpose of which is to analyze the evolution of concepts in the field of political сommunicativistics, aimed at understanding the role of information in the system of political processes from the middle of the 20th Century to the present day. Methods and materials. As the main toolkit for working with scientific texts, methods of qualitative text analysis, focused on the study of the conceptual description of social problems, aspects of the interaction between government and society were used. As materials for the analysis, the texts of Russian and foreign scientists devoted to the study of the role of information in public administration and in political processes and published in one of the leading scientific periodicals or central scientific publishing houses were used. Analysis. The article establishes the objective factors of enhancing scientific research in the subject area of political сommunicativistics in the 20th Century, examines the modern understanding of the role of information in the processes of public administration, the influence of the general information theory and the cybernetic approach on the development of Russian political communication. Result. Modern political science concepts do not demonstrate a unified understanding of the “information future” image that emerges under the influence of the “digital revolution”. The range of approaches is wide, from the libertarian assumption of a gradual weakening of the state functions and the transition to direct democracy, when citizens are in direct contact with each other using the technologies of the information and communication system of Internet and do not need the mediation of professional state administrators, to the revival of totalitarian forms of government based on control over information flows. The tendency of Russian scientists to correlate with the trends of state policy, shifting their research topics to the political aspects of information security, social networks and the activity of opposition public associations on the Internet, was revealed as the dominant trend at the current stage. This trend is ambiguous – it corresponds to the nature of modern challenges and threats in the information sphere, but in the future it can negatively affect the volume and quality of fundamental theoretical developments, and decrease the interest in them.
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Lee, Terence, and David Birch. "Internet Regulation in Singapore: A Policy/Ing Discourse." Media International Australia 95, no. 1 (May 2000): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009500114.
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Little has been written critically about Singapore's approach towards Internet regulation and policy/ing. This paper therefore seeks to disambiguate the social, cultural and political aspects of Internet regulation in Singapore. We provide an analysis of Singapore's Internet content regulation, and an update of the information (technology) scene in Singapore, including its converging broadcasting, (tele)communications and media areas, all of which impact upon ‘Internet policy’. We begin with an introduction to Singapore's policy-making style and an up-to-date account of Singapore's information aims and agendas. We then explore the ideology behind Singapore's Internet policy, especially censorship of content, and examine what is known as the ‘light-touch’ regulatory framework. We conclude that media conservatism is likely to continue in Singapore despite recent moves that would appear to ‘open up’ Singapore society.