Academic literature on the topic 'Internet of Things (IoT)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Internet of Things (IoT)"

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Dangat, Prof M. T. "Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 2721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59103.

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Abstract: Industrial Internet of Things (IOT) is a part of IOT (Internet of Things) technology that has provided an opportunity to build powerful industrial system and applications by using different I0T devices like sensors, actuators, Resistance Temperature Detectors, pH analyzers, Level Transmitters, RFIDs, wireless and mobile devices. High-speed internet has given a new hike in development of IOT devices, as it makes remote access facility at ease. Various IOT applications and systems have been developed and deployed in recent years. To understand the development of IOТ technology, this study addresses IIOT concepts through a systematic review of various white papers, research papers and online database.Abstract: Industrial Internet of Things (IOT) is a part of IOT (Internet of Things) technology that has provided an opportunity to build powerful industrial system and applications by using different I0T devices like sensors, actuators, Resistance Temperature Detectors, pH analyzers, Level Transmitters, RFIDs, wireless and mobile devices. High-speed internet has given a new hike in development of IOT devices, as it makes remote access facility at ease. Various IOT applications and systems have been developed and deployed in recent years. To understand the development of IOТ technology, this study addresses IIOT concepts through a systematic review of various white papers, research papers and online database.
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Sharma, Shivani Ramesh. "Internet of Things IoT: IoT in Healthcare." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23971.

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C. Sailaja. "Industrial Internet of Things – An Overview." December 2022 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2022.4.003.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of intelligent objects (smart sensors) that are connected and accessible to the Internet through devices such as routers to exchange data. Many useful applications can be developed using IoT. IoT has brought a change in such a way that everything around us can be turned into smart devices e.g., smart cars, smart homes, smart parking, smart cities etc., thereby connecting human, machine & things seamlessly. The advent of cheaper processing power, communication cost and some marketing have created the IoT of today. When the principles of IoT are applied to Industries, it is termed as Industrial IoT. Smart sensors and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are modern tools which drive Industry 4.0. The use of smart sensors and IIoT have a positive impact in enhancing the quality & value of products and improve efficiency. The combination of smart sensors with its processing & networking capabilities help in transferring the process data to the centralized database for further analysis. Thus, digitalization has helped industry to reimage the business with the transformation brought about by IIoT. This paper discusses some of the applications of IIoT such as Remote Monitoring & Service, AI & ML based predictive analysis and Closed loop Digital twin using IoT sensors.
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M. Al-Joboury, Istabraq, and Emad H. Al-Hemiary. "Internet of Things (IoT): Readme." Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2017): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.2.2.35.

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Birje, Mahantesh N., Arun A. Kumbi, and Ashok V. Sutagundar. "Internet of Things." International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 1, no. 2 (July 2017): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.2017070104.

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This article describes how the Internet of Things (IoT) enables interaction and integration of real world things or objects—such as cars, electronic devices, homes, etc.—using various inter-operable communication protocols. This leads to a digital society of billions of devices that can sense, process, share, track, shop, chat and work in cooperative manner. There exist many challenges in the realization of IoT based distributed systems. This article intends to introduce various aspects of IoT such as views/visions, Architecture and protocols of IoT, communication technology, general requirements and various application domains. This article intends to disseminate the state-of-the-art multi-fold information on IoT to researchers, academicians, and student community.
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Milivojević, Sanja, and Elizabeth Radulski. "The 'Future Internet' and crime: Towards a criminology of the Internet of Things." Crimen 11, no. 3 (2020): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/crimen2003255m.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is poised to revolutionise the way we live and communicate, and the manner in which we engage with our social and natural world. In the IoT, objects such as household items, vending machines and cars have the ability to sense and share data with other things, via wireless, Bluetooth, or Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology. "Smart things" have the capability to control their performance, as well as our experiences and decisions. In this exploratory paper, we overview recent developments in the IoT technology, and their relevance for criminology. Our aim is to partially fill the gap in the literature, by flagging emerging issues criminologists and social scientists ought to engage with in the future. The focus is exclusively on the IoT while other advances, such as facial recognition technology, are only lightly touched upon. This paper, thus, serves as a starting point in the conversation, as we invite scholars to join us in forecasting-if not preventing-the unwanted consequences of the "future Internet".
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Eltayeb, Mohamed A. "Internet of Things." International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 1, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.2017010101.

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In the contemporary world, we are surrounded by a complex network of interconnected sensors. These allows us to share, collate, transmit, and store vast amounts of data. These systems are known as the Internet of Things (IoT), and this technological offering has attracted a large amount of interest from academics, researchers, and developers in recent years due to its highly scalable and agile nature. However, while the IoT delivers significant benefits, it also poses some risks. The data that is stored and exchanged via the IoT is extremely valuable to individuals who have malevolent intent. In more recent years, the increasing popularity of the IoT as a means of sharing information has been associated with privacy and security risks that have undermined users' trust in the IoT. This paper examines what these risks are and some of the actions that can be taken to mitigate them.
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Javida Damirova, Javida Damirova, and Laman Musayeva Laman Musayeva. "INTERNET OF THINGS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 13, no. 02 (March 1, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei13022022-33.

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This article will discuss the Internet of things, which is a completely new technology. Currently, the world's most talked about new electronics use Internet of Things technology. This technology includes Google, Yandex, YouTube and all our social networks. The current benefits of Internet of Things technology will be discussed, as well as its future position. What is the role of smart technologies in the development of robotics, new electronics and the impetus for new inventions? The Internet of Things is a new paradigm that transforms traditional lifestyles into high-tech lifestyles. Many important studies and researches have been conducted to improve the technology through IoT. The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the billions of physical devices around the world that are now connected to the internet, all collecting and sharing data. The main purpose of this review article is to provide a detailed discussion, both technologically and socially. It is not just about the connected devices but also about the hardware, software, connectivity and communication protocols, middleware and so much more to create Internet of Things solutions as mentioned. And it’s also about many processes and technologies. So, this is most important theme in our world. The article discusses various problems and key issues in IoT, architecture and important applications. The Internet of Things is an emerging paradigm that enables the communication between electronic devices and sensors through the internet in order to facilitate our lives. IoT has also demonstrated its importance and potential for economic and industrial growth in the developing region. It is also seen as a revolutionary step in the trading and stock markets. However, data and information security is an important concern and is highly desirable, which is a major challenge that needs to be addressed. The Internet, the biggest source of security threats and cyber attacks, has opened various doors for hackers, thereby discrediting information and data. IoT is committed to providing the best possible solutions to deal with data and information security issues. IoT's most important concern in trade and the economy is security. The IoT system consists of a large number of devices and sensors that communicate with each other. They can range from a Wi-Fi pet camera on your bookshelf to a medical device implanted in your body, like a pacemaker. As long as the device is able to connect to the internet and has sensors that transmit data, it can be considered an IoT device. As the IoT network grows and expands, the number of these sensors and devices is growing rapidly. These devices communicate with each other and transmit large amounts of information over the Internet. This information is very large and flows every second, and therefore deserves to be called great information. The IoT was initially most interesting to business and manufacturing, where its application is sometimes known as machine-to-machine (mean - M2M), but the emphasis is now on filling our homes and offices with smart devices, transforming it into something. Today, these IoT projects are evolving and rapidly spreading to all platforms. It is possible to find IoT projects for each topic. As mentioned earlier, IoT projects are designed to make life easier. These projects, created to help as many people as possible, will be the most important part of our future lives. It will be impossible to imagine our lives without the Internet of Things and smart projects. A smart city with sensors covering all its regions using diverse tangible gadgets and objects all over the community and connected with the help of internet. The continuous expansion of IoT-based networks poses complex challenges such as data management and collection, storage and processing, and analytics. This article sheds light on the existing literature and describes their contributions to various aspects of IoT. This article will help readers and researchers understand IoT and its application to the real world Keywords: arduino, sensors, security systems, robotics, intelligent technology.
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Salukhe, Adarsh. "Internet of Things." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 1062–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55710.

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Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a trend emerging in information and communication technologies, and it has been ubiquitous for the last two decades. What do you mean by “Things”? A hardware device or an object of the physical world connected to the Internet is IOT. The Internet of Things (IoT) works for end-user devices, Mobile, Tablets, laptops, desktops, etc. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of broader devices connected to networks, including vehicles, smartphones, medical units, household devices, smart televisions, etc.
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Kumar, Sumit, and Zahid Raza. "Internet of Things." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 7, no. 3 (July 2017): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2017070103.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel approach of connecting things/objects and thus transmitting information between various entities of the physical world or to the control centers where this information can be interpreted. IoT has been poised as the next evolution of internet promising to change our lives by involving a seamless access to people and devices in a ubiquitous way leading to a smart world. These devices, often referred to as smart items or intelligent things can be home appliances, healthcare devices, vehicles, buildings, factories and almost anything networked and fitted with sensors, actuators, and/or embedded computers. IoT promises to make the world smarter and proactive by enabling things to talk and others to understand. This work first presents an insight into the origin of IoT and its network as well as data centric architecture while listing the major possibilities. The seemingly important role and challenges of using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) which acts as the base in sensing and monitoring has been discussed. Since, the future lies in utility computing, best realized in the form of cloud computing, a cloud centric view of IoT is also presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Internet of Things (IoT)"

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Nazim, Umair. "Securing Internet of Things (IoT)." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20275.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is our future and human life is now entering in to a generation where everyone will be using sensory information and artificial intelligence to make day to day life decisions in real-time. With implementation and enhancements around Internet protocol (IP) now it’s possible to connect and control these devices from anywhere around the globe they can be control by either human or even machines. Security is a critical element and building block for Internet of things (IoT) success. First, we have worked finding out possibility of detecting different types of attacks in Internet of things Wireless networks and identify them based on throughput, delay and energy consumed. Attack that we have work on include DOS attacks and DDOS attacks. Motivated by current use of Blockchain in resolving various problems we have evaluated its implementation to find solutions to secure Internet of Things. This become possible by utilising block chain network and smart contracts to validate any IoT communication . Using Blockchain network allowed IoT to detect securely authenticate without over utilizing device resource keeping in mind the limited hardware and bandwidth. IoT node or nodes communicates to a validator node within Blockchain network to get the most current binary of contracts status and in order to achieve this all the devices required to be in sync with Blockchain version of accounts stored by this validator node. We have worked out how this communication will work in order to ensure security and privacy while doing performance analysis of overheads. In conclusion IoT and Blockchain combine together is very promising solution to solve many current security issues in order to take it to mass scale deployment which allow implementation of Internet of things for a purposeful manner.
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Vitale, Clemente. "Internet of Things." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3184/.

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Iqbal, Muhammad Azhar. "Internet of Things (IoT) Industry Gateway Modelling." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-28691.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) provide the possibility to build dynamic industrial systems and applications to improve the quality of production in industrial areas. There are many Industrial IoT Gateways (IoTGWs) available on the market, all of which have different functionalities and properties. Here, the different properties of the IIoTGWs were explored, with the researcher’s as well as vendor’s perspective in mind. The most important properties were identified using research papers and technical data sheets, based on this, a model was created. The model showed the best two gateways available in the database. The results show that methods used can be applied in future research.
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Hassan, Basma Mostafa. "Monitoring the Internet of Things (IoT) Networks." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS100.

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Les réseaux « Internet des Objets » se composent de plusieurs millions d’objets qui possèdent une adresse IP et qui peuvent connecter sur Internet. En général, ces objets sont supposé d’être autonomes et peuvent résoudre des tâches; mesurer, traiter et fournir des informations pour les systèmes connectés et pour les utilisateurs. Aussi, ces réseaux sont vulnérables (c.-à-d. : les éléments peuvent être mobiles et la topologie du réseau peut changer dynamiquement), les changements peuvent influencer le (bon) fonctionnement du réseau. De plus, ils peuvent être alimentés par des batteries de durée de vie limitée, ce que nécessite la réduction de leur consommation.Ce travail de thèse aborde un sujet important dans le domaine de l’Internet des Objets, qui consiste à savoir comment assurer la robustesse et le fonctionnement tolérant aux pannes du réseau pour répondre aux exigences des missions critiques. Avec le large déploiement des services IdO, ce problème est deventé ou de détection de pannes et de sécurité industriel où l’état des objets communicants doit être constamment vérifié pour le rétablissement rapide en cas de problème particulièrement crucial pour les applications telles que le monitorage intelligent de sames de communication inattendus. On cherche alors de minimiser le coût du monitorage et l’utilisation de l’énergie, et aussi les charges additionnelles sur les réseaux.Nous avons proposé un algorithme qui vise à réaliser un placement distribué des moniteurs avec une complexité minimale pour le calcul. L’algorithme proposé fonctionne avec RPL. L’objectif principal est d’augmenter la robustesse dans les réseaux IdO ciblant les applications critiques en temps réel via le monitorage des liaisons dans les DODAGs construits par RPL. Dans notre première contribution, le problème est modélisé comme un problème de couverture minimale des sommets (VCP) sur le DODAG. Nous avons développé un algorithme à temps polynomial qui transforme le DODAG en une décomposition arborescente (Nice-Tree Decomposition) avec une largeur arborescente (treewidth) d’unité. Cette stratégie profite de la spécificité des DODAG et a abouti à une réduction significative de la complexité de la résolution du VCP sur les DODAG. Elle peut être résolue en temps polynomial.La deuxième proposition est un modèle approché pour l’optimisation de l’ordonnancement du rôle de monitorage des nœuds dans les réseaux IdO, afin de maximiser la durée de vie des dispositifs embarqués à ressources limitées, tout en minimisant le coût global du monitorage de réseau. Le monitorage de réseau est très coûteux, en particulier pour les réseaux à ressources limitées tels que l’IdO. Par conséquent, le monitorage doit être économe en énergie et avec des frais généraux minimaux sur la performance normale du réseau. Notre travail correspondant contient une proposition d’un modèle mathématique en trois phases pour assurer l’exigence d’une couverture des moniteurs tout en minimisant la consommation d’énergie de monitorage et les frais de communication.Notre modèle proposé décompose le problème abordé en trois problèmes d’optimisation bien connus, il s’agit du problème de couverture de sommets, problème d’affectation généralisé multi-objectives et problème de voyageur de commerce.Dans cette troisième partie, une approche exacte est proposée pour résoudre le problème décrit dans (Contribution 2). Comme nous avons vu, la décomposition en trois phases ne donne pas la solution exacte. Nous avons donc proposé une formulation exacte du problème qui consiste en un problème de l'affectation minimum des tâches de surveillance avec un fonctionnement de surveillance cyclique. Pour cela, nous avons formulé un programme en nombres entiers binaires. L'ordonnancement optimal garantit la couverture du graphe pour la surveillance avec une consommation d'énergie minimale
By connecting billions of things to the Internet, IoT created a plethora of applications that touch every aspect of human life. Time-sensitive, mission-critical services, require robust connectivity and strict reliability constraints. On the other hand, the IoT relies mainly on Low-power Lossy Networks, which are unreliable by nature due to their limited resources, hard duty cycles, dynamic topologies, and uncertain radio connectivity. Faults in LLNs are common rather than rare events, therefore, maintaining continuous availability of devices and reliability of communication, are critical factors to guarantee a constant, reliable flow of application data.After a comprehensive literature review, and up to our knowledge, it is clear that there is a call for a new approach to monitoring the unreliable nodes and links in an optimized, energy-efficient, proactive manner, and complete interoperability with IoT protocols. To target this research gap, our contributions address the correct assignment (placement) of the monitoring nodes. This problem is known as the minimum assignment problem, which is NP-hard. We target scalable monitoring by mapping the assignment problem into the well-studied MVC problem, also NP-hard. We proposed an algorithm to convert the DODAG into a nice-tree decomposition with its parameter (treewidth) restricted to the value one. As a result of these propositions, the monitor placement becomes only Fixed-Parameter Tractable, and can also be polynomial-time solvable.To prolong network longevity, the monitoring role should be distributed and balanced between the entire set of nodes. To that end, assuming periodical functioning, we propose in a second contribution to schedule between several subsets of nodes; each is covering the entire network. A three-phase centralized computation of the scheduling was proposed. The proposition decomposes the monitoring problem and maps it into three well-known sub-problems, for which approximation algorithms already exist in the literature. Thus, the computational complexity can be reduced.However, the one major limitation of the proposed three-phase decomposition is that it is not an exact solution. We provide the exact solution to the minimum monitor assignment problem with a duty-cycled monitoring approach, by formulating a Binary Integer Program (BIP). Experimentation is designed using network instances of different topologies and sizes. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in realizing full monitoring coverage with minimum energy consumption and communication overhead while balancing the monitoring role between nodes.The final contribution targeted the dynamic distributed monitoring placement and scheduling. The dynamic feature of the model ensures real-time adaptation of the monitoring schedule to the frequent instabilities of networks, and the distributed feature aims at reducing the communication overhead
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Okumura, Brandon M. "IoTA: Internet of Things Assistant." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1769.

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The Internet of Things is the networking of electronic devices, or “Things”, that enables them to collect and share data, as well as interact with their physical surround- ings. Analyzing this collected data allows us to make smarter economic decisions. These interconnected networks are usually driven by low-powered micro-controllers or cheap CPUs that are designed to function optimally with very little hardware. As scale and computational requirements increase, these micro-controllers are unable to grow without being physically replaced. This thesis proposes a system, IoTA, that assists the Internet of Things by pro- viding a shared computational resource for endpoint devices. This solution extends the functionality of endpoint devices without the need of physical replacement. The IoTA system is designed to be easily integrable to any existing IoT network. This system presents a model that allows for seamless processing of jobs submitted by endpoint devices while keeping scalability and flexibility in mind. Additionally, IoTA is built on top of existing IoT protocols. Evaluation shows there is a significant performance benefit in processing computationally heavy algorithms on the IoTA system as compared to processing them locally on the endpoint devices themselves.
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Muhonen, T. (Tiia). "Standardization of Industrial internet and IoT (IoT — Internet of Things):perspective on condition-based maintenance." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201504081319.

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Decreasing costs of electronic devices, increasing computing abilities and advances in sensor technologies have enabled the internet to spread to the whole new area. In the near future, more and more smart objects will be connected to the internet, and new businesses will be created around them. Industrial internet and IoT are topical issues at the moment and both of them are widely studied and discussed in the literature. However, an up-to-date study about the state of their standardization is difficult to find. In this research, the objective is to find out what is the current state of Industrial internet and IoT standardization. Therefore, the results of this research will be useful for anyone working in these fields. Different standardization organizations, alliances and consortiums are also studied. In addition, unofficial industry standards and their potential development and impacts are reviewed. The perspective of the research is outlined especially into Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM). The theoretical part of the research is a literature review that creates a basis for the empirical part. The literature review studies the relevant topics of the research theme: Industrial internet, M2M (Machine to Machine), IoT, standardization and CBM. Qualitative case study method is applied in the empirical part of the research, and ten carefully chosen interviewees are interviewed for gathering the data. The case analysis shows that standardization is seen as an important part when machines start to share information with each other. However, the majority of the interviewees are not taking part of the standardization activities and the knowledge about the current state of standardization is yet quite unclear. The conclusion is based on the findings of the literature review and case analysis. The research findings indicate that standardization in the field of Industrial internet and IoT is just emerging. There is an extensive amount of organizations that are creating standards, both official and non-official, and the application space is wide. Many emerging applications are exploiting their own standards and many standards are still under development. The solutions rely on various co-existing protocols, interfaces and platforms, either proprietary or standard. Some of the Industrial internet and IoT standards will be official standards, whereas some will be de facto standards that are agreed by forums or alliances or dictated by companies in decisive roles. The study results show that standardization plays a key role in Industrial internet and IoT as it contributes to interoperability, compatibility, reliability, security and effective operations between heterogeneous technical solutions globally. Therefore collaboration among various organizations is important and needed
Elektronisten laitteiden kustannusten lasku, tietokoneiden laskentatehojen kasvu ja kehittyneet sensoriteknologiat ovat mahdollistaneet internetin leviämisen täysin uudelle alueelle. Lähitulevaisuudessa yhä useammat älykkäät esineet ovat yhteydessä internetiin, ja uusia liiketoimintoja luodaan niiden ympärille. Teollinen internet ja esineiden internet (IoT — Internet of Things) ovat ajankohtaisia aiheita tällä hetkellä ja molemmat laajalti tutkittuja kirjallisuudessa. Silti ajankohtaista tutkimusta niiden tämän hetkisestä standardoinnin tilasta on vaikea löytää. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää Teollisen internetin ja IoT:n standardoinnin nykytila. Näin ollen tutkimuksen tulokset hyödyttävät toimijoita näillä aloilla. Myös eri standardointiorganisaatioita, alliansseja ja yhteenliittymiä tarkastellaan. Lisäksi epävirallisia teollisuusstandardeja ja niiden mahdollista kehitystä ja vaikutuksia arvioidaan. Tutkimuksen näkökulma on rajattu erityisesti ennakoivaan kunnossapitoon. Tutkimuksen teoriaosuus on kirjallisuuskatsaus, joka muodostaa perustan empirialle. Kirjallisuuskatsaus tarkastelee tutkimuksen teeman kannalta relevantteja aihepiirejä: Teollinen internet, M2M (Machine to Machine), IoT, standardointi ja ennakoiva kunnossapito. Kvalitatiivista case-tutkimusmenetelmää sovelletaan tutkimuksen empiriaosiossa, ja tiedon keräämistä varten haastatellaan kymmenen tarkoin valittua haastateltavaa. Case-analyysi osoittaa, että standardointia pidetään tärkeänä laitteiden jakaessa tietoa toisilleen. Kuitenkaan suurin osa haastateltavista ei ota osaa standardointitoimintaan, ja käsitys standardoinnin nykytilasta on heille vielä melko epäselvä. Johtopäätökset pohjautuvat kirjallisuuskatsauksen ja case-analyysin perusteella saatuihin löydöksiin. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että Teollisen internetin ja IoT:n standardointi on vasta kehittymässä. Standardeja luovia organisaatioita, sekä virallisia että epävirallisia, on suuri määrä, ja sovelluskenttä on laaja. Monet kehittymässä olevat sovellukset hyödyntävät omia standardejaan, ja useat standardit ovat yhä kehitysasteella. Ratkaisut perustuvat erilaisiin yhtä aikaa olemassa oleviin protokolliin, rajapintoihin ja sovellusalustoihin, niin patentoituihin kuin standardeihinkin. Osa Teollisen internetin ja IoT:n standardeista tulevat olemaan virallisia standardeja, kun taas osa tulee olemaan de facto standardeja, jotka on hyväksytty forumeissa ja alliansseissa tai ratkaisevassa roolissa olevissa yrityksissä. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että standardointi on tärkeässä roolissa Teollisessa internetissä ja IoT:ssä, sillä se vaikuttaa yhteensopivuuteen, yhdenmukaisuuteen, luotettavuuteen, turvallisuuteen ja tehokkaaseen toimintaan hajanaisten teknisten sovellusten välillä globaalisti. Siitä syystä yhteistyö eri organisaatioiden välillä on tärkeää ja tarpeellista
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Eriksson, Fredrik. "Internet of Things (IoT): avskalad plattform i Java." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34066.

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The need of smart devices that uses sensors have never been higher and by the year 2020 it will be over 50 billion devices connected to the internet. All these devices that uses a sensor and are connected to the internet are a part of something called Internet of Things. The purpose of this study has therefore been to implement a stripped IoT platform that doesn’t use any external libraries to lower the cost for minor companies that doesn’t need the more advanced and expensive platforms. After the implementation various stress test will be performed to see the performance of the platform. The study has been done through web- based sources and as a programming language Java has been used in the development environment NetBeans, the database has been made with MySQL workbench. The result of the study has been a platform that uses REST to post and get data from the database. The external library mysql- connector-java-5.1.45 was essential for a connection to the database and therefore had to be used. The result of the stress test was that the platform performed well and could handle at least 500 REST calls per second with a small increase in response time, but the standard deviation was considerably higher. The conclusion was that the platform performed stable at 50 – 250 calls per second and because of it being stripped several platforms could be used in a company to divide the work load between them resulting in a both stable and scalable solution.
Behovet för smarta enheter som använder sensorer har aldrig varit högre och det är trott att vid år 2020 kommer mer än 50 miljarder enheter vara uppkopplad mot internet. Alla dessa enheter med sensorer som är anslutna mot internet går under namnet Internet of Things. Syftet med denna studie har därför varit att skapa en avskalad IoT plattform som inte använder externa bibliotek för att hålla ned kostnaderna för de mindre företagen som inte behöver de mer avancerade och dyrare plattformarna. Efter att plattformen blivit implementerad skulle stresstester utförs för att avgöra hur bra den presterar. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av webbaserade källor och programmeringen av plattformen har utförts i programmeringsmiljön NetBeans i språket Java och databasen är skapad i MySQL workbench. Resultatet av studien har gett en plattform som använder REST för att skicka till och hämta data från databasen. Att göra implementeringen utan att använda externa bibliotek gick inte då biblioteket mysql-connector-java-5.1.45 var essentiellt för uppkoppling mot databasen. Stresstesterna gav att plattformen presterade stabilt och kunde hantera åtminstone 500 REST förfrågningar per sekund med endast en liten ökning i svarstiden, dock blev standardavvikelsen för svarstiden betydligt högre. Slutsatsen av studien blev att eftersom plattformen fungerar stabilt för 50 – 250 förfrågningar per sekund och då den tar upp lite processorkraft kan flera plattformar användas i ett företag för att då fördela arbetskraften emellan dem vilket resulterar i en lösning som både är skalbar samt stabil.
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Leonardi, S. "INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND DAIRY FARM AUTOMATION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/262453.

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The objectives of the thesis were: (i) to evaluate the use of automatic systems and the related sensor-based technologies (Precision Dairy Farming – PDF - systems) in three important areas of a dairy farming; (ii) to assess different methods of estimating liner compression (LC) by using a new test device and a novel artificial teat sensor, both specifically designed and built. Four studies were carried out to achieve these goals. In the first study “Use of a proactive herd management system in a dairy farm of northern Italy: technical and economic results” the reproductive and economical performances of an AMS farm that adopted a proactive herd management system (Herd Navigator™) were analyzed. Reproductive and economic data were recorded before and one year after the installation of Herd Navigator™. Number of days open reduced from 166 to 103 days, number of days between the first and second insemination decreased from 45 to 28 days, and days for identifying an abortion were 80 % less, from 31 to 6 days. The preliminary results highlighted the usefulness of the proactive herd management system implemented for the reproduction management. A basic economic model was proposed to evaluate the potential economic benefits coming from the introduction of this technology. The model considered the benefits deriving from the reduction of reproduction problems and, consequently, of days open. Considering the effects related to the above mentioned aspects in a case study involving 60 dairy cows, a return on investment over 5 years was calculated. In the second study “Evaluation of an electronic system for automatic calving detection on a dairy farm”, a GSM-based remote alarm system for automatic calving detection was evaluated - in terms of sensitivity and PPV- as useful and reliable tool to detect the exact moment of calving in the field. Up to date, various monitoring technologies and protocols have been proposed to predict the exact moment of the calving but none of them have been adopted widely by producers due to high costs, difficulties of execution or lack of quality staff. Visual observation of the cow’s behavior is still the most frequent. The system object of the study, showed very high sensitivity and PPV, respectively 100% and 95 %, allowing the farm staff to be present at the moment of calving in 100 % of cases when cow were monitored using this system. Cows not monitored by this system, were assisted only in 17% of cases (P<0.001). The farm staff, if present during this crucial and important moment, could assist the animal preventing possible problems for the cow and the calf. This possibility would be of great interest particularly with heifers and with problematic cows. In the third study “Evaluation of the performance of the first automatic milking system for buffaloes”, the response of buffaloes to automatic milking and the related performance of the system were investigated. Automatic milking systems (AMS) are a revolutionary innovation in dairy cow farming and can now be considered a well-established technology. In 2008, automatic milking of dairy buffaloes was introduced for the first time in a commercial farm in southern Italy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of buffaloes to automatic milking, examining the relationships between milking interval, milk production, and milking time for this species. A total of 7,550 milking records from an average of 40 buffaloes milked by an AMS were analyzed during a 3-mo experimental period at a commercial farm with Italian Mediterranean buffaloes in southern Italy. Date and time of animal identification, milk yield, milking duration, milking interval, and average milk flow rate were determined for each milking. The results were also used to predict the maximum number of milkings per day and the optimal number of buffaloes per AMS for different levels of milk production. The average interval period between 2 consecutive milkings was 10.3 h [standard deviation (SD) 3.3]. Overall, 3.4 and 25.7% of the milkings had an interval of ≤6 h or >12 h, respectively. Milking duration averaged 8.3 min per buffalo per milking (SD 2.7). The average milk flow rate was 1.3 kg/min (SD 0.5) at a milk yield of 2.8 kg per milking (SD 1.4). Assuming that the milking station is occupied 80% of the time, the number of milkings ranged from 136 to 152 per day and the optimal number of buffaloes per AMS ranged from 59 to 66 when the production level increased from 2 to 5 kg of milk per milking. Automatic milking systems seems suitable for buffalo, opening new options for the management of dairy buffalo farms. In the last study “Methods of estimating Liner Compression” the aim was to compare different methods of estimating liner compression (LC) by using a new test device and a novel artificial teat sensor, both specifically designed and built. Liner compression (LC) is the pressure applied to the teat end when liner collapses during the d-phase of pulsation. Liners with higher LC are thought to increase the occurrence of teat-end hyperkeratosis. Overpressure (OP)has been proposed as a relative indicator of LC. By using the new test device developed, two methods of measuring overpressure were compared: liner overpressure (OP) was measured with no pulsation (OPnp) and with limited pulsation (OPlp) repeatedly on the same cow during a single milking. Each of the six liners (three round liners and three triangular liners) used in this study were tested on the same six experimental cows. OPnp and OPlp were measured on all four teats of each experimental cow twice for each liner. The order of OPnp and OPlp alternated sequentially for each cow test. The OP results for the six liners were also compared to LC estimated on the same liners with a novel artificial teat sensor (ATS). The OPlp method showed small but significantly higher values than the OPnp method (13.9 kPa vs. 13.4 kPa). The OPlp method would be recommended as the preferred method as it more closely approximates normal milking condition. OP values decreased significantly between the first and the following measurements, (from 15.0 kPa to 12.4 kPa). Thus, performing the OP test at a consistent time, one minute after attaching the teatcup to a well-stimulated teat, to reduce the variability produced by OP changing during the peak flow period would be recommend. The new test device showed several advantages over previously published methods of measuring OP. A high correlation between OP and LC estimated by the ATS was found, however, difficulties were noted when using the ATS with triangular liners.
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Wernersson, Henrik Wernersson, and Yassin Atwa. "Resource constrained Industrial IoT device." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31252.

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I dagens läge är industriella nätverk inte anpassade för att koppla upp resursbegränsade enheter pga av att industriella nätverks-protokollen som används är mer anpassade för real time applikationer. Det skulle vara ett stort steg för de industriella nätverken att kunna koppla upp resursbegränsade enheter för enkel övervakning samt analysering av data. Efter en undersökningsperiod av ett flertal olika IoT-protokoll, gjordes valet att implementera CoAP på en Anybus CompactCom-modul för testning. Under projektets gång användes det en del white-box testning i början vid implementationen av libCoAP. Efter att en fungerande implementation var gjord, påbörjades testning av input och output överensstämmelser med hjälp av black-box testning istället. Resultatet jämfördes i slutändan med den existerande lösningen att skicka parameterdata med hjälp av TCP. Resultatet hade en responstidsskillnad som var 92,3 % snabbare. Samtidigt tog det sammanlagt 24,2 % mindre plats i minnet (FLASH och RAM) för implementationen på Anybus CompactCom-modulen.
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Goad, David Douglas. "Barriers to IoT Benefits Realization." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24520.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is often referred to as one of the key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Along with the three industrial revolutions before it, this current industrial revolution promises to be disruptive, changing how we live our lives and run our organizations. Yet, while the IoT has demonstrated great promise, it will underperform in terms of expected adoption and resultant benefits realization compared to initially overly optimistic industry forecasts. This is partly due to several barriers to implementing IoT based solutions that inhibit, reduce, or slow the realization of the intended benefits. In this research thesis, I identify and then analyze several of the barriers to IoT benefits realization. These include issues related to IoT architectural heterogeneity, the challenges with securing the IoT, the reduction in privacy that the IoT creates and the resultant regulatory burden and the need for new business models to realize the value that the IoT can create. For each identified barrier I look to contribute to the literature by furthering understanding of that phenomena in question and/or by exploring potential solutions to improve benefits realization. Adopting a “Thesis including Publications” approach the analysis of each barrier is presented in a separate self-contained research paper with four papers presented in total. Two of these research papers (on IoT Architecture and Privacy) have been published and a further two (on IoT Security and Business Models) have been submitted for publication.
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Books on the topic "Internet of Things (IoT)"

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Alam, Mansaf, Kashish Ara Shakil, and Samiya Khan, eds. Internet of Things (IoT). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37468-6.

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Mandler, Benny, Johann Marquez-Barja, Miguel Elias Mitre Campista, Dagmar Cagáňová, Hakima Chaouchi, Sherali Zeadally, Mohamad Badra, et al., eds. Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47075-7.

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Mandler, Benny, Johann Marquez-Barja, Miguel Elias Mitre Campista, Dagmar Cagáňová, Hakima Chaouchi, Sherali Zeadally, Mohamad Badra, et al., eds. Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47063-4.

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Serpanos, Dimitrios, and Marilyn Wolf. Internet-of-Things (IoT) Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69715-4.

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Giaffreda, Raffaele, Dagmar Cagáňová, Yong Li, Roberto Riggio, and Agnès Voisard, eds. Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19743-2.

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Behmann, Fawzi, and Kwok Wu. Collaborative Internet of Things (C-IOT). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118913734.

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Giaffreda, Raffaele, Radu-Laurentiu Vieriu, Edna Pasher, Gabriel Bendersky, Antonio J. Jara, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, Eliezer Dekel, and Benny Mandler, eds. Internet of Things. User-Centric IoT. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19656-5.

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Ahmed, Mobyen Uddin, Shahina Begum, and Jean-Baptiste Fasquel, eds. Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for HealthCare. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76213-5.

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Mavromoustakis, Constandinos X., George Mastorakis, and Jordi Mongay Batalla, eds. Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G Mobile Technologies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30913-2.

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Zhou, Zhenyu, Zheng Chang, and Haijun Liao. Green Internet of Things (IoT): Energy Efficiency Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64054-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "Internet of Things (IoT)"

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Upadhyay, Nidhi. "IoT Security." In Internet of Things, 101–17. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003304609-6.

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Davison, Brian. "IoT for Sustainability." In Internet of Things, 253–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05528-7_10.

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Lingam, Sunitha. "IoT Healthcare Applications." In Internet of Things, 135–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75220-0_7.

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Gonzalez-Usach, Regel, Carlos E. Palau, Miguel A. Llorente, Roel Vossen, Rafael Vaño, and Joao Pita. "IoT Ecosystem Building." In Internet of Things, 279–305. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82446-4_10.

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Giménez, Pablo, Miguel Llop, Regel Gonzalez-Usach, and Miguel A. Llorente. "INTER-IoT Requirements." In Internet of Things, 27–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82446-4_2.

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Chaudhuri, Abhik. "IoT Architecture." In Internet of Things, for Things, and by Things, 17–41. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: Auerbach Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315200644-2.

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Patra, J. P., and Gurudatta Verma. "Cognitive Internet of Things." In Cognitive IoT, 11–21. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003310341-2.

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Patra, J. P., and Gurudatta Verma. "Cognitive Internet of Things." In Cognitive IoT, 23–39. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003310341-3.

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Patra, J. P., and Gurudatta Verma. "Cognitive Internet of Things." In Cognitive IoT, 93–101. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003310341-6.

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Patra, J. P., and Gurudatta Verma. "Cognitive Internet of Things." In Cognitive IoT, 83–91. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003310341-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Internet of Things (IoT)"

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Rajasekar, T., P. Mohanraj, B. Kalaimathi, R. Saravanan, and V. S. Vishnu Varadhan. "Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart Inhaler." In 2024 5th International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC), 652–57. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosec61587.2024.10722643.

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Tabassum, Anika, Md Mushfiqul Islam Khan, Md Yeard Morshed, Mohammad Rejwan Uddin, and Mahady Hasan. "Internet of Things (IoT) Based BIOFLOC Technology." In 2024 4th International Conference on Sustainable Expert Systems (ICSES), 327–31. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icses63445.2024.10763037.

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Giri, Arindam, Subrata Dutta, Sarmistha Neogy, Keshav Dahal, and Zeeshan Pervez. "Internet of things (IoT)." In IML 2017: International Conference on Internet of Things and Machine Learning. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3109761.3109768.

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Al-Barrak, Alyaa. "Internet of Things (IoT)." In 2019 2nd International Conference on Engineering Technology and its Applications (IICETA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiceta47481.2019.9013001.

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Al-Barrak, Alyaa. "Internet of Things (IoT)." In 2019 2nd Scientific Conference of Computer Sciences (SCCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sccs.2019.8852623.

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MacDermott, Aine, Phillip Kendrick, Ibrahim Idowu, Mal Ashall, and Qi Shi. "Securing Things in the Healthcare Internet of Things." In 2019 Global IoT Summit (GIoTS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/giots.2019.8766383.

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M. Al-Joboury, Istabraq, and Emad H. Al-Hemiary. "Internet of Things (IoT): Readme." In 1st International Conference on Information Technology. Lebanese French University - LFU, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25212/icoit17.035.

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"Session IOT: Internet of Things." In 2020 15th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icces51560.2020.9334606.

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Song, Zhexuan, Alvaro A. Cardenas, and Ryusuke Masuoka. "Semantic middleware for the Internet of Things." In 2010 Internet of Things (IOT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iot.2010.5678448.

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Jara, A. J., A. F. Alcolea, M. A. Zamora, A. F. Gomez Skarmeta, and Mona Alsaedy. "Drugs interaction checker based on IoT." In 2010 Internet of Things (IOT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iot.2010.5678458.

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Reports on the topic "Internet of Things (IoT)"

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Latorre, Lucia, Eduardo Rego, and Lorenzo De Leo. Tech Report: Internet of Things. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013422.

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The following report delves into the essential components that make up IoT systems, illustrative examples of the IoT in action, and its broad spectrum of applications spanning multiple industries, highlighting the tangible benefits it delivers. Furthermore, it addresses the burgeoning IoT landscape in Latin America and the Caribbean, underscoring the unique opportunities and challenges faced in the region. The discussion also covers critical considerations surrounding IoT security, ethics, and the challenges and risks inherent to its deployment. Best practices for implementing IoT solutions are shared to guide organizations in navigating this complex yet promising field responsibly. Concluding with a glimpse into future trends, the article aims to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of the IoT, its vast potential, and the ethical framework required for its responsible implementation.
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Hong, J., X. de, M. Kovatsch, E. Schooler, and D. Kutscher. Internet of Things (IoT) Edge Challenges and Functions. RFC Editor, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9556.

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Gomez, C., J. Crowcroft, and M. Scharf. TCP Usage Guidance in the Internet of Things (IoT). RFC Editor, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9006.

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Megas, Katerina, Ben Piccarreta, and Danna Gabel O'Rourke. Internet of things (IoT) cybersecurity colloquium: a NIST workshop proceedings. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8201.

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Simmon, Eric. Internet of Things (IoT) component capability model for research testbed. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8316.

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Boeckl, Katie, Michael Fagan, William Fisher, Naomi Lefkovitz, Katerina N. Megas, Ellen Nadeau, Danna Gabel O'Rourke, Ben Piccarreta, and Karen Scarfone. Considerations for managing Internet of Things (IoT) cybersecurity and privacy risks. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8228.

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Garcia-Morchon, O., S. Kumar, and M. Sethi. Internet of Things (IoT) Security: State of the Art and Challenges. RFC Editor, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8576.

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Chandra, Shailesh, Robert Valencia, and Vamsi Krishna Oruganti. Examining Transit Service Improvements with Internet-of-Things (IoT): A Disparity Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2330.

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Literature shows that poor service reliability of transit often leads to uncertain waiting times at transit stations, diminishing their popularity and usage, and this particularly affects low-income populations more likely to rely heavily on transit. This research delves into an in-depth analysis of the inequality assessment of the Los Angeles (LA) Metro Rail lines, with a particular focus on evaluating the potential impacts of integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This study investigates how IoT could influence service connectivity, accessibility, and the existing disparities in transit services. The primary goal of this study is to assess how the implementation of IoT technology could enhance the connectivity and accessibility of LA Metro Rail services, and whether such technological advancements could contribute to mitigating service inequality. The research methodology encompasses a comprehensive analysis of connectivity and accessibility values across all LA Metro Rail lines for the years 2015, 2017, and 2019. This approach allows for evaluating the potential impact of IoT technology on service connectivity and accessibility for inequality. The study considers several factors, including potential ridership based on low-income populations’ proximity to transit stations and the integration process of IoT technologies within the rail service infrastructure. The study reveals that IoT implementation could significantly improve service accessibility across all rail lines, indicating a positive trend in technological advancements enhancing public transit. However, the impact on reducing service inequality is inconsistent. Notably, Rail Line B would experience fluctuating accessibility with IoT, while Rail Line C showed persistent inequality under IoT deployment scenarios. These findings suggest that while IoT could hold promise for enhancing service quality, its effectiveness is subject to a range of influencing factors, scheduled frequency and stops at stations for the transit rail lines as well as the presence of low-income populations near these stations.
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Chandra, Shailesh, Robert Valencia, and Vamsi Krishna Oruganti. Examining Transit Service Improvements with Internet-of-Things (IoT): A Disparity Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2354.

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Literature shows that poor service reliability of transit often leads to uncertain waiting times at transit stations, diminishing their popularity and usage, and this particularly affects low-income populations more likely to rely heavily on transit. This research delves into an in-depth analysis of the inequality assessment of the Los Angeles (LA) Metro Rail lines, with a particular focus on evaluating the potential impacts of integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This study investigates how IoT could influence service connectivity, accessibility, and the existing disparities in transit services. The primary goal of this study is to assess how the implementation of IoT technology could enhance the connectivity and accessibility of LA Metro Rail services, and whether such technological advancements could contribute to mitigating service inequality. The research methodology encompasses a comprehensive analysis of connectivity and accessibility values across all LA Metro Rail lines for the years 2015, 2017, and 2019. This approach allows for evaluating the potential impact of IoT technology on service connectivity and accessibility for inequality. The study considers several factors, including potential ridership based on low-income populations’ proximity to transit stations and the integration process of IoT technologies within the rail service infrastructure. The study reveals that IoT implementation could significantly improve service accessibility across all rail lines, indicating a positive trend in technological advancements enhancing public transit. However, the impact on reducing service inequality is inconsistent. Notably, Rail Line B would experience fluctuating accessibility with IoT, while Rail Line C showed persistent inequality under IoT deployment scenarios. These findings suggest that while IoT could hold promise for enhancing service quality, its effectiveness is subject to a range of influencing factors, scheduled frequency and stops at stations for the transit rail lines as well as the presence of low-income populations near these stations.
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Jimenez, J., H. Tschofenig, and D. Thaler. Report from the Internet of Things (IoT) Semantic Interoperability (IOTSI) Workshop 2016. RFC Editor, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8477.

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