Relevant bibliographies by topics / Internet history

Academic literature on the topic 'Internet history'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Internet history"

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Robert, Jean-Claude. "History, Archives and the Internet." Culture & History Digital Journal 1, no. 1 (March 8, 2012): e004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2012.004.

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Cohen-Almagor, Raphael. "Internet History." International Journal of Technoethics 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jte.2011040104.

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This paper outlines and analyzes milestones in the history of the Internet. As technology advances, it presents new societal and ethical challenges. The early Internet was devised and implemented in American research units, universities, and telecommunication companies that had vision and interest in cutting-edge research. The Internet then entered into the commercial phase (1984-1989). It was facilitated by the upgrading of backbone links, the writing of new software programs, and the growing number of interconnected international networks. The author examines the massive expansion of the Internet into a global network during the 1990s when business and personal computers with different operating systems joined the universal network. The instant and growing success of social networking-sites that enable Netusers to share information, photos, private journals, hobbies, and personal as well as commercial interests with networks of mutual friends and colleagues is discussed.
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Landeryou, Sarah. "World History Internet Resources." Reference Librarian 27, no. 57 (September 29, 1997): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j120v27n57_19.

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Bell, Vaughan. "Taking an internet history." British Journal of Psychiatry 194, no. 6 (June 2009): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.194.6.561b.

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Stafford, Daniel, and Robert Flatley. "Internet History Sourcebooks Project." Charleston Advisor 19, no. 3 (January 1, 2018): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.19.3.23.

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Park, In-Sung. "Brief History of ‘Internet novel’." Studies in Korean Literature ll, no. 43 (December 2012): 91–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.20881/skl.2012..43.003.

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Schaber, R. L. "Internet Resources: Film and History." OAH Magazine of History 16, no. 4 (June 1, 2002): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/16.4.48.

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Wright, A. J. "Anesthesia History on the Internet." Bulletin of Anesthesia History 16, no. 1 (January 1998): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1522-8649(98)50012-1.

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King, H. "History without Historians? Medical History and the Internet." Social History of Medicine 25, no. 1 (June 8, 2011): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkr054.

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Melleuish, Greg, Konstantin Sheiko, and Stephen Brown. "Pseudo History/Weird History: Nationalism and the Internet." History Compass 7, no. 6 (November 2009): 1484–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00649.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Internet history"

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Zhandos, A. "Internet history and it’s perspectives in central asia – internet for sotial and political development: community building." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11601.

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St, Louis Christopher. "Verified, Tracked, and Visible: A History of the Configuration of the Internet User." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23154.

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The figure of the user is often overlooked in Internet histories, which frequently focus on larger treatments of infrastructure, governance, or major contributions of specific individuals. This thesis constructs a philosophical and ideological history of the Internet user and examines how that figure has changed though the evolution of the Internet. Beginning with the Web 2.0 paradigm in the early 2000s, a growing state and corporate interest in the Internet produced substantial changes to the structure and logic of the Internet that saw the user being placed increasingly at the periphery of online space as the object of state surveillance or behavioral tracking. The three case studies in this thesis investigate the combination of technological constraints and discursive strategies which have aided in shaping the contemporary user from active architect of the Internet itself to passive, ideal consumer of predetermined online experiences.
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Morris, Austin. "YouTube in continuity with broadcast media history." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21223.

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Thesis (M.F.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Online streaming video portal YouTube began life with the slogan "Broadcast Yourself" as its guiding ethos. Those words invite a critical exploration of YouTube’s relationship to broadcast media history and the current economic, social, and technological landscape of television. Precedent for the discourses of medium-specific ideologies circulating around YouTube is found in the alternative television production cultures of the late 1960s-early 1980s and the processes of radio regulation and spectrum allocation in 1927-1934. In the final analysis, YouTube operates as a simulation of the established television industry, pretending to be disruptive while developing itself as an industry according to the same capitalist logics that structure mainstream television. Thus, YouTube should not be thought of as a viable alternative structure to the television industry. Particular consideration is given to the impacts of YouTube’s technological and industrial structures on queer media producers and consumers.
2031-01-01
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Acun, Ismail. "Changing history and geography teaching with ICT : the impact of the Internet." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275450.

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Finn, Mark James. "Histories of the Internet : an analysis of technical, organisational and cultural trends from 1968-1996." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.

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This thesis examines the development of the Internet and associated technologies from 1968 to 1996, both in the United States and in other countries. It argues that the Internet is the product of the interaction between technical, organisational and cultural factors, and that this interaction can best be described as a series of transitions and transformations. Rather than focus on individual events, it examines the wider trends these events signify, and in doing so seeks to map out the broad structural changes which affected the medium's growth in the period in question. Within the context of this general objective, the thesis also explores the role of scientific communities in the development and dissemination of Internet technologies, and in particular how notions of information-sharing which are central to scientific practice sometimes overrode political and commercial imperatives. Issues of access also constitute a key theme in this study, and are explored by examining the processes by which the criteria for access to the medium was changed from one based on professional affiliation to one based on a user-pays principle. More broadly, the thesis also examines how shifting patterns of public and private investment affected the growth of the network, focusing on the gradual commercialisation of both access and content provision. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the relationship between the Internet and Web and traditional media forms, and how the Internet was incorporated into and the pre-existing media framework.
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Croker, Trevor D. "Formation of the Cloud: History, Metaphor, and Materiality." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96439.

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In this dissertation, I look at the history of cloud computing to demonstrate the entanglement of history, metaphor, and materiality. In telling this story, I argue that metaphors play a powerful role in how we imagine, construct, and maintain our technological futures. The cloud, as a metaphor in computing, works to simplify complexities in distributed networking infrastructures. The language and imagery of the cloud has been used as a tool that helps cloud providers shift public focus away from potentially important regulatory, environmental, and social questions while constructing a new computing marketplace. To address these topics, I contextualize the history of the cloud by looking back at the stories of utility computing (1960s-70s) and ubiquitous computing (1980s-1990s). These visions provide an alternative narrative about the design and regulation of new technological systems. Drawing upon these older metaphors of computing, I describe the early history of the cloud (1990-2008) in order to explore how this new vision of computing was imagined. I suggest that the metaphor of the cloud was not a historical inevitability. Rather, I argue that the social-construction of metaphors in computing can play a significant role in how the public thinks about, develops, and uses new technologies. In this research, I explore how the metaphor of the cloud underplays the impact of emerging large-scale computing infrastructures while at the same time slowly transforming traditional ownership-models in digital communications. Throughout the dissertation, I focus on the role of materiality in shaping digital technologies. I look at how the development of the cloud is tied to the establishment of cloud data centers and the deployment of global submarine data cables. Furthermore, I look at the materiality of the cloud by examining its impact on a local community (Los Angeles, CA). Throughout this research, I argue that the metaphor of the cloud often hides deeper socio-technical complexities. Both the materials and metaphor of the cloud work to make the system invisible. By looking at the material impact of the cloud, I demonstrate how these larger economic, social, and political realities are entangled in the story and metaphor of the cloud.
Doctor of Philosophy
This dissertation tells the story of cloud computing by looking at the history of the cloud and then discussing the social and political implications of this history. I start by arguing that the cloud is connected to earlier visions of computing (specifically, utility computing and ubiquitous computing). By referencing these older histories, I argue that much of what we currently understand as cloud computing is actually connected to earlier debates and efforts to shape a computing future. Using the history of computing, I demonstrate the role that metaphor plays in the development of a technology. Using these earlier histories, I explain how cloud computing was coined in the 1990s and eventually became a dominant vision of computing in the late 2000s. Much of the research addresses how the metaphor of the cloud is used, the initial reaction to the idea of the cloud, and how the creation of the cloud did (or did not) borrow from older visions of computing. This research looks at which people use the cloud, how the cloud is marketed to different groups, and the challenges of conceptualizing this new distributed computing network. This dissertation gives particular weight to the materiality of the cloud. My research focuses on the cloud's impact on data centers and submarine communication data cables. Additionally, I look at the impact of the cloud on a local community (Los Angeles, CA). Throughout this research, I argue that the metaphor of the cloud often hides deeper complexities. By looking at the material impact of the cloud, I demonstrate how larger economic, social, and political realities are entangled in the story and metaphor of the cloud.
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Schoel, Gretchen Ferris. "(at)america.jp: Identity, nationalism, and power on the Internet, 1969-2000." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623448.

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" america.jp" explores identity, nationalism, and power on the Internet between 1969 and 2000 through a cultural analysis of Internet code and the creative processes behind it. The dissertation opens with an examination of a real-time Internet Blues jam that linked Japanese and American musicians between Tokyo and Mississippi in 1999. The technological, cultural, and linguistic uncertainties that characterized the Internet jam, combined with the inventive reactions of the musicians who participated, help to introduce the fundamental conceptual question of the dissertation: is code a cultural product and if so can the Internet be considered a distinctly "American" technology?;A comparative study of the Internet's origins in the United States and Japan finds that code is indeed a cultural entity but that it is a product not of one nation, but of many. A cultural critique of the Internet's domain name conventions explores the heavily-gendered creation of code and the institutional power that supports it. An ethnography of the Internet's managing organization, The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), investigates conflicts and identity formation within and among nations at a time when new Internet technologies have blurred humans' understanding of geographic boundaries. In the year 2000, an effort to prevent United States domination of ICANN produced unintended consequences: disputes about the definition of geographic regions and an eruption of anxiety, especially in China, that the Asian seat on the ICANN board would be dominated by Japan. These incidents indicate that the Internet simultaneously destabilizes identity and ossifies it. In this paradoxical situation, cultures and the people in them are forced to reconfigure the boundaries that circumscribe who they think they are.
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Hyman, Avi Jacob. "The history of H-Judaic, an Internet-based network for post-secondary Jewish studies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/NQ53879.pdf.

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DeNardis, Laura Ellen. "IPv6: Politics of the Next Generation Internet." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26485.

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IPv6, a new Internet protocol designed to exponentially increase the global availability of Internet addresses, has served as a locus for incendiary international tensions over control of the Internet. Esoteric technical standards such as IPv6, on the surface, appear not socially significant. The technical community selecting IPv6 claimed to have excised sociological considerations from what they considered an objective technical design decision. Far from neutrality, however, the development and adoption of IPv6 intersects with contentious international issues ranging from tensions between the United Nations and the United States, power struggles between international standards authorities, U.S. military objectives, international economic competition, third world development objectives, and the promise of global democratic freedoms. This volume examines IPv6 in three overlapping epochs: the selection of IPv6 within the Internetâ s standards setting community; the adoption and promotion of IPv6 by various stakeholders; and the history of the administration and distribution of the finite technical resources of Internet addresses. How did IPv6 become the answer to presumed address scarcity? What were the alternatives? Once developed, stakeholders expressed diverse and sometimes contradictory expectations for IPv6. Japan, the European Union, China, India, and Korea declared IPv6 adoption a national priority and an opportunity to become more competitive in an American-dominated Internet economy. IPv6 activists espoused an ideological belief in IPv6, linking the standard with democratization, the eradication of poverty, and other social objectives. The U.S., with ample addresses, adopted a laissez-faire approach to IPv6 with the exception of the Department of Defense, which mandated an upgrade to the new standard to bolster distributed warfare capability. The history of IPv6 includes the history of the distribution of the finite technical resources of â IP addresses,â globally unique binary numbers required for devices to exchange information via the Internet. How was influence over IP address allocation and control distributed globally? This history of IPv6 explains what's at stake economically, politically, and technically in the development and adoption of IPv6, suggesting a theoretical nexus between technical standards and politics and arguing that views lauding the Internet standards process for its participatory design approach ascribe unexamined legitimacy to a somewhat closed process.
Ph. D.
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Foy, Anne Elizabeth Sarah Baker. "Re-presenting Scotland : Scottish history and identity amongst the diaspora and on the internet." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21535.

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This thesis charts the perception of Scottish identity through history, with particular reference to the construction of a new, Highland stereotype of Scottish identity in the nineteenth century, and the dissemination of this identity around the world. The destruction of Scotlands origin myths and the collapse of traditional institutions of identity prior to the eighteenth century are charted, and the role of Scottish societies, Empire, the media and Scottish commercial agencies in spreading and legitimising this stereotype are analysed. It is shown that there was a fundamental shift from consumer to customer, from history to heritage at just the time a new, "tartan" confection of Scottish identity was created, which helped ingrain this image in the popular consciousness. Traditional markers of "Scottishness" are discussed, but found wanting when applied to the diaspora, and other markers for Scottish identity applicable to Scots outwith Scotland's borders are suggested. The Internet is introduced as a new medium which will have a particular impact on Scottish history and identity in the future. By allowing the democratisation of presentations of history online, the Internet enables a multiplicity of Scotlands to be presented to a massive global audience. Current initiatives concerning Scottish history online are assessed, and Scotland is found to be lagging behind contemporary countries in presenting her history, and consequently her identity, online.
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Books on the topic "Internet history"

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Soares, John. Internet guide for history. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000.

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Internet. Cortil-Wodon: E.M.E., 2011.

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Hope, Campbell. Internet research projects & applications: History. New York: DDC Pub., 1999.

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History and the Internet: A guide. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2002.

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Jeff, Queneau, ed. Inside the Internet. London: Cassell, 2001.

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G, Huter Steven, Wenzel Zita, and Sirin Palasri, eds. The history of the internet in Thailand. Eugene, Ore: Network Startup Resource Center, University of Oregon, 1999.

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S, Wilson Richard. Publishing your family history on the Internet. La Habra, CA: Compuology, 1999.

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Peach, Susan. Usborne internet-linked Greeks. New York: Scholastic, 2004.

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Anne, Millard, and Jackson Ian, eds. Usborne internet-linked Greeks. New York: Scholastic, 2004.

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F, Stice Carole, Cotton Chester A, Ryan Jeanmarie, Booth Cheryl Lynn, Carroll Phoebe, Leddy Laura, and Wright Incorporated, eds. Book2Web: History. Bothell, WA: Wright Group/McGraw-Hill, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Internet history"

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Abbate, Janet. "Popularizing the Internet." In Communication in History, 297–302. Seventh edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315189840-43.

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Balbi, Gabriele, and Paolo Magaudda. "The Internet." In A History of Digital Media, 67–117. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315209630-4.

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Allen, Jeff W. "History of the Internet." In The Internet for Surgeons, 5–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88424-5_2.

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Sherry, John Lucas, and Nicholas David Bowman. "History of the Internet." In Handbook of Computer Networks, 280–93. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118256114.ch20.

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Curran, James, and Jean Seaton. "History of the internet." In Power Without Responsibility, 361–79. Eighth edition. | London; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351212298-20.

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Poster, Mark. "History in the Digital Domain." In Internet — Bildung — Gemeinschaft, 15–30. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90793-2_2.

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Mack, Elizabeth. "The history of broadband." In Geographies of the Internet, 63–76. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in human geography: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367817534-6.

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O’Regan, Gerard. "The Internet Revolution." In A Brief History of Computing, 101–19. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2359-0_8.

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O’Regan, Gerard. "The Internet Revolution." In A Brief History of Computing, 237–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66599-9_18.

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Wessels, Bridgette. "The Cultural History of the Internet." In Understanding the Internet, 9–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07026-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Internet history"

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Yoong-En, Tan, and Daniel Su Kuen Seong. "Visual history mechanism on mobile internet browser." In the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1378063.1378123.

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Arcybasheva, T. N. "Writer and reader in the Internet space of modern Russia: bias accents." In Scientific Trends: Philology, Culturology, Art history. ЦНК МОАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-26-05-2020-14.

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Odlyzko, Andrew M. "Internet pricing in light of the history of communications." In ITCom 2001: International Symposium on the Convergence of IT and Communications, edited by Sonia Fahmy and Kihong Park. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.434399.

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Ramasubramanian, Suresh, and Pranesh Prakash. "Spam and Internet abuse in India: A brief history." In 2013 World Cyberspace Cooperation Summit IV (WCC4). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcs.2013.7050507.

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Goncharova, Nataliya N., and Mariya Yu Goncharova. "Experimental study of the functioning of some graphic means of communication in Internet communication." In Communication and Cultural Studies: History and Modernity. Novosibirsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1258-1-134-141.

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Krayneva, Irina Aleksandrovna, and Alexander Gurievich Marchuk. "History of domestic science in open archives of SB RAS." In 22nd Scientific Conference “Scientific Services & Internet – 2020”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/abrau-2020-6.

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Musher, Semen, and Sergey Bredikhin. "A History of Internet Network Project in Novosibirsk Scientific Center." In 2017 Fourth International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union (SORUCOM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sorucom.2017.00032.

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Martonosi, Margaret. "Keynotes: Internet of Things: History and hype, technology and policy." In 2016 49th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/micro.2016.7783703.

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Bardin, Lev. "Attorneys in the Internet. Principles. Problems. Solutions." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23322.

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Vea, Andreu. "“The unknown history of the internet”: Engineering the worldwide WiWiW project." In 2010 Second IEEE Region 8 Conference on the History of Telecommunications (HISTELCON). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/histelcon.2010.5735328.

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Reports on the topic "Internet history"

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Vasilenko, L. A., and A. I. Mitin. Global computer network INTERNET (history, organization, access, prospects). Educational edition, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/vasilenko-2-9.

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Nucera, Diana J., and Catalina Vallejo. Media-making Pedagogies for Empowerment & Social Change: An Interview with Diana J. Nucera (AKA Mother Cyborg). Just Tech, Social Science Research Council, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3022.d.2022.

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" As part of our “What Is Just Tech?” series, we invited several social researchers–scholars, practitioners, artists, and activists—to respond to a simple yet fundamental question: “What is just technology?” This interview was conducted by Just Tech program officer Catalina Vallejo, who spoke with Diana J. Nucera, AKA Mother Cyborg, a multimedia artist, educator, and organizer based in Detroit, Michigan. Nucera (she/her) uses music, performance, DIY publishing, community-organizing tactics, and popular education methods to elevate collective technological consciousness and agency. Her art draws from and includes eleven years of community organizing work in Detroit. In their conversation, Vallejo and Nucera spoke about the history of independent media and the internet, the potential of media-making pedagogies for empowerment and social change, and being optimistic about opportunity in the midst of great challenges."
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Crooks, Roderic. Toward People’s Community Control of Technology: Race, Access, and Education. Social Science Research Council, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3015.d.2022.

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This field review explores how the benefits of access to computing for racialized and minoritized communities has become an accepted fact in policy and research, despite decades of evidence that technical fixes do not solve the kinds of complex social problems that disproportionately affect these communities. I use the digital divide framework—a 1990s policy diagnosis that argues that the growth and success of the internet would bifurcate the public into digital “haves” and “have-nots”—as a lens to look at why access to computing frequently appears as a means to achieve economic, political, and social equality for racialized and minoritized communities. First, I present a brief cultural history of computer-assisted instruction to show that widely-held assumptions about the educational utility of computing emerged from utopian narratives about scientific progress and innovation—narratives that also traded on raced and gendered assumptions about users of computers. Next, I use the advent of the digital divide framework and its eventual transformation into digital inequality research to show how those raced and gendered norms about computing and computer users continue to inform research on information and communication technologies (ICTs) used in educational contexts. This is important because the norms implicated in digital divide research are also present in other sites where technology and civic life intersect, including democratic participation, public health, and immigration, among others. I conclude by arguing that naïve or cynical deployments of computing technology can actually harm or exploit the very same racialized and minoritized communities that access is supposed to benefit. In short, access to computing in education—or in any other domain—can only meaningfully contribute to equality when minoritized and racialized communities are allowed to pursue their own collective goals.
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McDowell, David L. Internal State Variable Models for Rate and Temperature History Dependent Behavior at Finite Strain. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada358500.

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Vaskivskyj, Yurij. Branding in journalism: prospects for operation. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11395.

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The article analyzes the branding process in the context of the development of individual units of journalism. After all, in the current conditions of competition in the Ukrainian information space, it is important to apply and master new technologies for the development and promotion of media resources in the media market. The history of branding is presented and it is noted that branding is the key to the success of each media brand in using the necessary tools and technologies, which involves the branding process. It is necessary to know and understand not only the basic laws of branding, but also its possibilities as the main tool of Internet marketing and offline or digital marketing. It is emphasized that the personal brand should be considered as a tool that builds a reputation and a positive image in the information space, as well as allows you to get a variety of resources only using professional skills and knowledge. It is important not only to form your own audience, but also to meet its needs. The GORDON online publication is analyzed, because this media resource is a consequence of the influence of personal brand on the audience and rapid development in the context of promoting a particular media resource, and the main ideologue and co-founder of this publication is an example of how personal brand can affect audiences. and promote the development of a specific business project. It is noted that the reputation of Dmitry Gordon and his odious figure became the basis for the success of this online publication, and attitudes toward him may be different and often ambiguous, but his person is known to everyone in the post-Soviet space. Modern information space needs scandalous and odious personalities, because they are able to arrange a show, give people emotions. The author points out that branding is an extremely promising technology not only in the context of promoting and promoting a particular media resource or personal brand, but also promotes the comprehensive development of journalists as public opinion experts and potential speakers at international conferences not only in journalism, but also internet marketing.
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Ihsan, Yilmaz, and Raja Ali M. Saleem. The nexus of religious populism and digital authoritarianism in Pakistan. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0016.

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Pakistan has a turbulent political history. In the seven decades since its creation, the country has faced four military-led dictatorships and another two decades under indirect military rule. Given this political trend, authoritarianism is not a novel phenomenon in the country. Digital authoritarianism, however, is a relatively new domain of oppression. This paper looks at how a political party in power and the “establishment” (military elite and its civilian collaborators) have been increasing the control of digital mediums as well as weaponizing space. This dual control and usage allow for growing digital authoritarianism. Using the case study of Imran Khan’s government (2018-2022) and its collaboration with the military establishment in enforcing digital authoritarianism, this article uses four levels of an assessment of internet governance in Pakistan (whole network level, sub-network level, proxy level, and user level). In addition, the role of Khan’s political party’s Islamist populist outlook in contributing to authoritarianism is also discussed. A lot of censorship happens around ideas of protecting Islam and Pakistan’s Muslim identity. The review also finds that the establishment uses not only religion but also ultra-nationalism and fears of foreign attacks, primarily by “Hindu” India, as means to closely surveil and curb the rights of citizens which it deems not worthy of trust. Our results find that Pakistan’s digital space is highly oppressive where ideas of religion, ontological insecurity, and nationalism are weaponized to legitimize the state’s growing authoritarianism.
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López Hernández, Hernán, and Javier Valdés. ¿Qué son las cookies de internet? Autodeterminación informativa; un tema pendiente en tiempos de pandemia. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/20.500.12728/9696202151.

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A comienzos del segundo año de una de las pandemias más grandes que ha acontecido en la historia registrable del ser humano, el aislamiento físico y social, han generado una infinidad de cambios entre los ciudadanos de todo el mundo, quienes cumplen un confinamiento obligatorio y en otros casos voluntario, propiciando el espacio perfecto para una mayor comunicación telemática y por qué no decirlo, también normalizando el funcionamiento de aquellas tareas de mayor complejidad, como lo es el desempeñar profesiones, oficios y diversas ocupaciones de manera remota.
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Bhakta, Tuhin, Jarle Haukås, Rolf Johan Lorentzen, Xiaodong Luo, and Geir Nævdal. Workflow for adding 4D seismic data in history matching. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.204.

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In this document we present a workflow for ensemble-based 4D seismic history matching. Ensemble-based history matching has become standard for production data, but 4D seismic data poses a number of additional challenges. One issue is that the amount of data is considerably larger, but another, probably more complicating factor is that for utilizing the seismic data, either the seismic data must be inverted to properties that is included in the reservoir simulation model, or a seismic response must be modeled, given the current estimate of the reservoir properties. This leads to a number of choices on how to utilize the information of the 4D seismic data. We will discuss this, as well as point to approaches for handling large amounts of data in ensemble-based history matching. The developed approach has been applied on the Norne field and is currently being evaluated at the Ekofisk field. This document is primarily addressed to reservoir engineers and researchers that are working on history matching 4D seismic data, but it might also be of interest to those working with 4D seismic data from a geophysical perspective. After all, 4D seismic history matching should be viewed as an interdisciplinary subject. Although, our focus has been on ensemble-based history matching, some of the choices that have to be made in utilizing 4D seismic data is independent of the actual method used for history matching.
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Dunbar, Joseph. Vertical and horizontal datums used in the Lower Mississippi Valley for US Army Corps of Engineers projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42781.

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Six geodetic datums have been used by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Mississippi River Commission (MRC), for river surveys in the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV). These legacy elevation datums are the Cairo datum, the Memphis datum, the Mean Gulf Level (MGL), the Mean Sea Level (MSL), the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) 1929, and the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88). The official geodetic datum currently prescribed by the USACE is NAVD88 (USACE 2010). In addition to these different geodetic datums, hydraulic datums are in use by the USACE for rivers, lakes, and reservoir systems. Hydrographic surveys from the Mississippi River are typically based on a low water pool or discharge reference, such as a low water reference plane (LWRP), an average low water plane (ALWP), or a low water (LW) plane. The following technical note is intended to provide background information about legacy datums used in the LMV to permit comparison of historic maps, charts, and surveys pertaining to the Mississippi River in the LMV. The purpose of this report is to provide background information and history of different published horizontal and vertical datums used for presentation of hydrographic survey data from the Mississippi River. The goal is to facilitate understanding of differences with comparison to other historic surveys for change-detection studies along the river. Conversion values are identified herein for the earlier surveys where appropriate, and methods are presented here to evaluate the differences between earlier and later charts and maps. This report is solely intended to address the LMV area and historic surveys made there. This note is not applicable to areas outside of the LMV. Throughout this technical note, historic hydrographic surveys and data from the Memphis, TN, to Rosedale, MS, reach will be used as examples of features of interest for discussion purposes. Selected historic hydrographic survey sheets at Helena, AR, are included as Plates 1 to 3 (Appendix C) of this document and will be used as examples for discussion purposes.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/5jchdy.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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