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1
Lee, Terence. "Internet Use in Singapore: Politics and Policy Implications." Media International Australia 107, no. 1 (May 2003): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310700109.
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As one of the most networked societies in the Asia-Pacific region, Singapore commands a high degree of attention in the information and communication (infocomm) sector. However, internet use, along with the politics of internet regulation, in the high-tech city-state has not been sufficiently critiqued. This paper aims to address this ‘lack’ by examining the politics and policy implications of internet regulatory practices in Singapore. It begins by looking at some development in Singapore's infocomm sector, highlighting political responses to key occurrences over the past decade. Taking on board the discourse of auto-regulation — that regulating the internet and new media in Singapore is mostly about ensuring an automatic functioning of power for political expedience and longevity — advanced by this author (Lee, 2001a, 2001b, 2001c; Lee and Birch, 2000), this paper offers updates and new insights into the normalisation of internet auto-regulation in Singapore. The final section of the paper looks at the fast-developing application of electronic government (e-government) services in Singapore via the national ‘e-citizen’ website. I argue how online extensions of government are really about providing internet users with degrees of structured freedom, while tightening the more permanent and potent strictures of political control.
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Kenrick, Philip. "Open Access and the Society for Libyan Studies." Libyan Studies 44 (2013): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009705.
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AbstractUK government policy is firmly directed, through the agencies which control university and research funding, towards a situation in which much academic output will be made accessible to all on the Internet without payment. This has far-reaching consequences for all academic publishers, including the Society, by no means all of which have yet been taken into account by the policy-makers. Members of the Society need to understand the issues and to consider how best to adapt to changing circumstances and to defend its position where necessary.
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Freeman, Julie, and Brett Hutchins. "Balancing the Digital Democratic Deficit? E-Government." Media International Australia 130, no. 1 (February 2009): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913000104.
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This article responds to Thomas's (2004) call for investigation into how the internet and World Wide Web are changing government in Australia. It first discusses e-government principles and policies at the federal level, and then investigates initiatives and events in one of Australia's most populous municipalities, the City of Casey in Melbourne's southeast. The objective of this approach is to understand the broader context of e-government policy formulation in Australia, and connect this to the level of local government in order to understand the features and dynamics of existing e-government mechanisms. The evidence generated from this approach reveals an imbalance between service delivery and civic engagement in e-government strategies, with the emphasis on consumer-oriented service delivery far outweighing civic participation and political dialogue. The analysis that follows outlines actual and potential political problems flowing from this imbalance — or ‘digital democratic deficit’ — and offers suggestions on how equilibrium might be restored.
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Aerssens, Janneke, Karen Donders, and Josef Trappel. "Is zero rating the end of net neutrality and the open internet? An analysis of business practices and policy approaches." International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/macp_00051_1.
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The open internet and net neutrality are intertwined. People debate whether net neutrality safeguards part of the open internet or not. The commercial aspect is paramount. Zero rating is one of these practices that is often discussed, especially in relation to developing countries. The open internet regulation addresses commercial practices. It is, however, vague and can be interpreted in multiple ways. To answer the question if zero rating is going against net neutrality or if it enables net neutrality, five case studies were analysed and 18 experts interviewed. To support the case studies, documents were analysed. In certain circumstances, it is useful to zero rate information. Zero rating mostly violates net neutrality and the open internet, because of its imbedded discrimination. Some zero rating offers are beneficial and do not harm competition. This mostly concerns offers evolving around e-learning, health and government information.
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Campbell, L. H., and J. R. Holmes. "Regulating Service Providers' Access to an FTTN Network." Media International Australia 127, no. 1 (May 2008): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812700106.
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To date, the major deployments of FTTN or its fibre-rich cousin, Fibre to the Premises, have been driven by clear government policy (Republic of Korea, Japan) or competitive pressure from cable television companies (US, Netherlands — planned). Without these pressures, the business case for deploying FTTN is uncertain. The additional revenues from higher-speed internet access are likely to be slight, and new revenues from pay television are uncertain and likely to develop only over the medium term. The business case for investing perhaps A$9 billion or more for an extensive FTTN deployment in Australia is therefore weak. National governments, however, see many benefits in widespread deployment of high internet access speeds and may provide incentives for FTTN deployments if competitive pressures are absent. This article explains some of these incentives in the Australian context, especially the steps taken so far to regulate access to the fibre networks proposed by Telstra and the so-called G9 consortium.
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Lawrence, Amanda. "Electronic Documents in a Print World: Grey Literature and the Internet." Media International Australia 143, no. 1 (May 2012): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214300114.
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Reports and documents from government and other organisations have existed for centuries, but in the post-war period their production increased significantly. Computers, databases, desktop publishing software and the internet have revolutionised the ways documents can be produced and disseminated, allowing individuals, groups and organisations access to a whole new world of information. The result has been an explosion in online publishing that has transformed scholarly communication. Research reports – or grey literature as they are also known – are now an essential part of many disciplines, including science and technology, health, environmental science and many areas of public policy. While access to these reports has become easier in many respects, online publishing presents many challenges as well, particularly for collecting organisations faced with the task of adapting their systems. The management of grey literature raises many issues that are still not resolved today. This article provides some background to these ongoing challenges in Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Europe.
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Spurgeon, Christina. "National Culture, Communications and the Information Economy." Media International Australia 87, no. 1 (May 1998): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9808700106.
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This article analyses developments in Australian communications policy since the March 1996 change of national government. It considers Artsinfo, a new Australian government-sponsored Internet and telephone-based information service, as a product of this conjunction. It argues that Artsinfo is emblematic of the ways in which Internetworking developments are altering social space on local, national and global scales. This article also explores temporal dimensions of these themes. It reviews the Artsinfo launch event as an exercise in nation-building which is suggestive of a paradoxical limit faced by peripheral economies seeking to locate ‘the nation’ in the global ‘information economy’, where that development is contingent upon the privatisation of communications infrastructure. Specifically, what kinds of national public culture can be sustained on the basis of wholly and partly privatised communications infrastructures?
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Barr, Trevor. "Broadband Bottleneck: History Revisited." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900113.
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The vexed issues currently surrounding broadband policy in Australia remind us that the public sector has a great track record in building valuable telecommunications infrastructure. One lesson from the past 150 years is the constructive role played by the public sector by providing the vision and seeding capital for the creation of three major communications platforms: Australia's overland telegraph in the 1870s, communications satellites funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from the 1950s, and the early internet, funded by the US government from the 1960s to the 1990s. But times have changed and new policy models have emerged. Australia's telecommunications public policy decisions during the past decade have locked us into having few choices for broadband. The sad irony to date is that the introduction of the open competition model in July 1997, its associated regulatory framework and the full privatisation of Telstra have actually made us less efficient in investment and impeded the development of the broadband networks we need. We might just benefit from revisiting some lessons from history.
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Li, Xuesong, Yunlong Ding, and Yuxuan Li. "M-Government Cooperation for Sustainable Development in China: A Transaction Cost and Resource-Based View." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2019): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071884.
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Mobile government (m-Government) is highly valued by many countries and governments worldwide for its important technical, economic, and political benefits. A development trend worthy of attention in China is that various public mobile services are provided through the cooperation between governments and Internet enterprises. The m-Government cooperation, as component of the public service system, has both a benefit safeguard function by mitigating transaction hazards and a value creation function by sharing advantageous resources. Previous studies have not explained both functions for m-Government cooperation. This study addresses this research gap. We establish a theoretical model by developing hypotheses from integrating model of Transaction Costs Theory (TCT) and Resource-based Theory (RBT). The OLS and Poisson regression method are used to test the proposed model by using cross-sectional data collected from 284 cities in China. Results show that strategy alliance, technology-specific knowhow, and financial security positively influence m-Government cooperation, asset specificity negatively influences the m-Government cooperation, and environmental certainty has no significant impact on m-Government cooperation. From the perspectives of technology, policy, and culture, the article puts forward suggestions on how to better promote m-Government cooperation in China, including promoting the government’s digital capabilities, improving the citizen’ privacy protection system and cultivating a public-private cooperative culture of mutual trust.
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Rodrigues, Usha M., and Michael Niemann. "Political communication Modi style: A case study of the demonetization campaign on Twitter." International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/macp_00006_1.
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Abstract Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) is one of the world's most followed political leaders on Twitter. During the 2014 and 2019 election campaigns, he and his party used various social media networking and the Internet services to engage with young, educated, middle-class voters in India. Since his first sweeping win in the 2014 elections, Modi's political communication strategy has been to neglect the mainstream news media, and instead use social media and government websites to keep followers informed of his day-to-day engagements and government policies. This strategy of direct communication was followed even during a critical policy change, when in a politically risky move half-way through his five-year prime ministership, Modi's government scrapped more than 85 per cent of Indian currency notes in November 2016. He continued to largely shun the mainstream media and use his social media accounts and public rallies to communicate with the nation. As a case study of this direct communication strategy, this article presents the results of a study of Modi's Twitter articulations during the three months following the demonetization announcement. We use mediatization of politics discourse to consider the implications of this shift from mass communication via the mainstream news media, to the Indian prime minister's reliance on direct communication on social media platforms.
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Segura, María Soledad, and Ana Bizberge. "Digital Rights During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Latin America." Comunicação e Sociedade 39 (June 30, 2021): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.39(2021).2852.
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This article discusses digital rights during covid-19 pandemic. It offers a comparative analysis of the measures that affected digital rights to freedom of expression, access and privacy implemented by governments and private companies (internet service providers and internet intermediaries) between March and August 2020 in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. It also studies reactions from civil society and international organizations. The theoretical framework draws on human rights provisions about progressive and regressive policy making. The central questions are: how are digital rights of freedom of expression, access and privacy affected by companies and governments during the period under consideration in the three countries studied? How have civil society organizations and international organizations position themselves with regards to these digital rights? It is based on a comparative analysis of how government, private sector, and civil society stakeholders have responded to the information and communications technology governance challenges created by the pandemic, and how their governance responses have impacted human rights in the areas of freedom of expression, access, and privacy. Answering these questions is relevant to identify and understand the precedent that these strategies — developed in an exceptional context — could set for the post-crisis scenario, which exceeds the scope of this article. Conclusions show that public policies adopted during covid-19 varied in the three countries. However, in the three, both progressive and regressive measures can be identified. The companies developed regressive strategies, implemented some progressive but exceptional measures; while civil society and international organizations promoted progressive and long-term solutions.
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Safiranita, Tasya, Travis Tio Pratama Waluyo, Elizabeth Calista, Danielle Putri Ratu, and Ahmad M. Ramli. "The Indonesian Electronic Information and Transactions Within Indonesia’s Broader Legal Regime: Urgency for Amendment?" Jurnal HAM 12, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2021.12.533-552.
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Cyberspace is the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures such as the internet, telecommunications networks, and computer systems. Meanwhile, Indonesia’s Law Number 11 of 2008 and its amendment through Indonesian Law Number 19 of 2016 governing cyberspace have been viewed to contradict and infringe other areas of law, such as protection of press or freedom of expression. Hence, this study seeks to identify the controversies and problems regarding the law deemed urgent for amendment. Further, this study creates recommendations so the government may amend electronic information policy more fairly and efficiently. This study uses a judicial normative and comparative approach. This research tries to analyze the existing regulations and the implementation and compare Indonesia’s cyberspace regulation with other States’. This study finds that Articles 27(3) and 28(2) of the law criminalize defamation and hate speech in an overly broad manner and that Article 40(2)(b) allows the government to exercise problematic censorship. As a result, they have infringed the freedom of the press and general freedom of expression in practice. In response to this, this study compares similar provisions from other States and recommends amendment the articles to become narrower and more clearly defined.
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Sait, Muhammad Azmi, and Muhammad Anshari Ali. "Assessing Brunei Darussalam Public and Private Sector Readiness Towards Big Data Application." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 13, no. 2 (July 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.20220701.oa7.
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This exploratory study aims to assess and investigate Brunei Darussalam’s readiness in developing and applying big data technologies for its public and private sectors, using Social, Technological, Environmental and Policy (STEP) framework. The results show that the population are digitally literate (Social) and utilises smart devices as well as internet network connectivity that is widely offered by the local telecommunications company (Technology). The government of Brunei Darussalam established multiple digital transformation initiatives including implementation of 5G connectivity as well as digital economy masterplan to digitally transformed in the near future (Environment). Regardless of the absence of national digital data privacy policy (Policy) in Brunei, the recent nation’s successful big data application in public sector – BruHealth Application – to contain Covid-19 community spread was achieved. Alas, the existence of such policy in the near future will create opportunities for the local private sectors to capitalise big data technologies to their business strategies.
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Reid, Donald. "Public Broadcasting through the Public Sphere: A Reimagining of Public Service Media in New Zealand." Media International Australia 153, no. 1 (November 2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415300105.
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During 2013, the New Zealand government heralded the launch of the Ultra-Fast Broadband (UFB) and Rural Broadband Initiatives (RBI) as significant tools across a range of economic and social policy areas, including the delivery of education and health services and the promotion of development policies for Maori. Conspicuously absent in the associated political discussion was the issue of public service broadcasting and the possibility for internet-based technologies to provide an efficient and cost-effective platform for the production and delivery of non-commercial public service media. The reason for this omission may be due to the governing National Party's historic disregard for public service broadcasting, as demonstrated by its disestablishment of a number of public broadcasting initiatives since 1999. Drawing on a Habermasian theoretical framework and Dan Hind's concept of ‘public commissioning’, the purpose of this article is to outline an alternative system for public service broadcasting based on a series of referenda and on open public debate. I begin by examining the present public broadcasting system and the traditional centrality of the state in governance and gatekeeping issues. I argue that the communicative potential of social media, enabled by universally accessible ultra-fast broadband, could provide an adequate platform for public gatekeeping, with the state having a significantly reduced role. I make the argument that the technological and resourcing mechanisms for such a system already exist, and the required shift in audience culture is already present in the consumption of entertainment and reality TV texts.
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Espina-Romero, Lorena, and Jesús Guerrero-Alcedo. "Fields Touched by Digitalization: Analysis of Scientific Activity in Scopus." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 14425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114425.
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This study aims to analyze the publications in Scopus around digitalization in the space of time between 2018 and 2022. A bibliometric review is carried out with a bibliographic approach for 658 documents, which were processed by RStudio and VOSviewer software. The findings show the ten fields where digitization is most applied: “Archives, Corruption and Economy”, “Industry 4.0, Internet of Things, Sustainability and Big Data”, “Cultural Heritage, Deep Learning, Preservation and BIM”, “Photogrammetry and 3D Digitalization”, “Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Supply Chain Management”, “Augmented Reality, Machine Learning and Virtual Reality”, “Innovation, Business Model and Publishing Industry”, “Algorithms, E-government and Biometrics”, “Digital Collections” and “Healthcare”. It should be noted that this document is based on 88.14% original studies, validating the results obtained, and it is also one of the most updated studies.
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Kim, Gyuhyun, and Ihnsup Han. "Applications and Prospects of Fourth Industrial Revolution Technology in Environmental Areas - Focusing on Environmental Policy based Public Technology Development Projects -." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 44, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2022.44.11.515.
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Objectives : Recently, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been actively discussed in all fields around the world. And the related R&D(Research and Development) has been widely conducted in the environmental field. The core of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is hyperconnectivity, superintelligence, and convergence. Major technologies related with it are AI(Artificial Intelligence), IoT(Internet of Things), 5G(Fifth Generation communication technology), robots, blockchain, drones, 3D(Three Dimension) printers, big data, unmanned transportation, biotechnology, new materials, sharing economy, and VR/AR(Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality), etc. It is intended to seek development plans through the examples of the 4th industrial revolution technology’s environmental application.Methods : In concentration of the public technology development project, based on environmental policy, conducted from 2011 to 2020, some cases of the 4th industrial revolution technology’s environmental application have been analyzed and the future prospects have been derived.Results and Discussion : The 4th Industrial Revolution technology has been applied in various fields such as design, operation, maintenance, investigation, monitoring, and service provision in the environmental field. Therefore, in the future, it is expected that there will be working environment improvement, the progress of service quality and operational efficiency.Conclusion : With the transition to smart environmental technology, it is expected that it will be possible to advance the industry and create high value-added things. To do so, government policy support and technology development should be continuously executed.
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Popova, Anastasiia, and Daria Vitalevna Shtennikova. "Badiucao: Caricature as a Form of Protest against Chinese Policy." Культура и искусство, no. 1 (January 2023): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2023.1.39592.
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The object of the research is the political caricatures of the famous Chinese artist Badiucao (巴丢草). The authors used content analysis of a wide range of visual sources, primarily the artist's personal website, the first publications of caricatures on the Twitter, as well as comparative analysis to reveal the artistic features of the works. The main attention was paid to the biography of the artist as it defines his style and the way he depicts political events or politicians. The caricatures were analyzed in accordance to their main characteristics, formal stylistic qualities, iconographic features and thus their symbolic meaning were identified. It is important that there are a large number of publications abroad devoted to the artist and his works, while in China his art is subjected to strict censorship. There are almost no mentions of him on the chinese Internet. In Russia, the name of the cartoonist is practically unknown, which is the novelty of this study for both cultural studies and russian Sinology. The obvious conclusion of the research is that Badiucao is challenging the censorship and dictatorship of the PRC with his art. His caricatures are his main and strongest weapon in this confrontation. Using a wide range of artistic techniques and color palette, he talks about current events, not allowing to forget the sins of the past, demanding not only an apology for political mistakes, but a change in the attitude of the government towards the people of the two coasts – China and Taiwan.
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Maureen C, ARUKWE, OKORO Deborah P., EKOWA Lovelyn, and ENEH Nnajiofor C. "INFLUENCE OF E-LEARNING POLICY PEDAGOGY ON STUDENT-CENTERED COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS." International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management Studies 04, no. 01 (2022): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38193/ijrcms.2022.4103.
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Background: this research on E-learning was geared towards determining how E-learning policy pedagogy influences student-centred collaborative learning and development in higher institutions. Objectives: the objectives were to determine: the effect of E-learning on students' achievement; the extent of the relationship between learner-centered pedagogy and students' performance; the extent to which students-centered collaborative learning affect development. Design: 246 was realised as sample size using Topmans formula at 5% level of tolerance and 95% level of confidence from infinite population. Questionnaire was used to collect data, 246 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 230 copies were returned. Method: Descriptive research method was adopted for the study. Three hypotheses were tested; the first and the third were tested using linear regression while the second was tested using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient statistics. Findings: The findings show that E-learning had a significant positive effect on students' achievement; secondly, there is a significant relationship between learner-centered pedagogy and students' performance; thirdly, Student-centered collaborative learning had a significant positive effect on development. Result: Teachers, students and other administrative staff should be involved in the full utilisation of the educational system of teaching, learning and the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT). Recommendation: The study recommends that for e-learning to be effective, E-learning facilities should be appropriately maintained. Stable internet should be provided to support easy and fast learning and teaching; the staff and students should learn the basic knowledge on how to operate the computer and its peripheral devices; electricity is a basic requirement needed for the computer and its peripheral devices to function, so government should ensure that all institutions are connected to a stable electric grid.
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Tarhini, Ali, Mazen El-Masri, Maged Ali, and Alan Serrano. "Extending the UTAUT model to understand the customers’ acceptance and use of internet banking in Lebanon." Information Technology & People 29, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 830–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-02-2014-0034.
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Purpose A number of studies have shown that internet banking (IB) implementation is not only determined by banks or government support, but also by perceptions and experience of IB users. IB studies have showed encouraging results from academics in developed countries. Yet little is known about the user adoption of IB in Lebanon. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that may hinder or facilitate the acceptance and usage of IB in Lebanon. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual framework was developed through extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) by incorporating two additional factors namely; perceived credibility (PC) and task-technology fit (TTF). A quantitative approach based on cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 408 IB consumers. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling based on AMOS 20.0. Findings The results of the structural path revealed that performance expectancy (PE), social influence, PC and TTF to be significant predictors in influencing customers’ behavioural intention (BI) to use IB and explained 61 per cent of its variance, with PE was found the strongest antecedent of BI. Contrary to the UTAUT, the effect of effort expectancy on BI was insignificant. In addition, both BI and facilitating conditions were found to affect the actual usage behaviour and explained 64 per cent of its variance Practical implications This study would be helpful for bank managers and policy makers to explain the currently relatively low penetration rate of IB in formulating strategies to encourage the adoption and acceptance of IB by Lebanese customers, where IB is still considered an innovation. Originality/value This study is the first research that extend the UTAUT by incorporating two additional factors namely; PC and TTF to study the IB in the Lebanese context. This study contributes to the research on computer technology usage by looking at IB adoption and incorporation into the lives of customers via the BI to use and actual usage of IB in Lebanon.
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Morozov, Ilya. "Political Communicativistics: The Evolution of Understanding the Role of Information in Political Process." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.3.6.
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Introduction. The article is a survey study, the purpose of which is to analyze the evolution of concepts in the field of political сommunicativistics, aimed at understanding the role of information in the system of political processes from the middle of the 20th Century to the present day. Methods and materials. As the main toolkit for working with scientific texts, methods of qualitative text analysis, focused on the study of the conceptual description of social problems, aspects of the interaction between government and society were used. As materials for the analysis, the texts of Russian and foreign scientists devoted to the study of the role of information in public administration and in political processes and published in one of the leading scientific periodicals or central scientific publishing houses were used. Analysis. The article establishes the objective factors of enhancing scientific research in the subject area of political сommunicativistics in the 20th Century, examines the modern understanding of the role of information in the processes of public administration, the influence of the general information theory and the cybernetic approach on the development of Russian political communication. Result. Modern political science concepts do not demonstrate a unified understanding of the “information future” image that emerges under the influence of the “digital revolution”. The range of approaches is wide, from the libertarian assumption of a gradual weakening of the state functions and the transition to direct democracy, when citizens are in direct contact with each other using the technologies of the information and communication system of Internet and do not need the mediation of professional state administrators, to the revival of totalitarian forms of government based on control over information flows. The tendency of Russian scientists to correlate with the trends of state policy, shifting their research topics to the political aspects of information security, social networks and the activity of opposition public associations on the Internet, was revealed as the dominant trend at the current stage. This trend is ambiguous – it corresponds to the nature of modern challenges and threats in the information sphere, but in the future it can negatively affect the volume and quality of fundamental theoretical developments, and decrease the interest in them.
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Wasike, Jotham Milimo, and Lawrence Njoroge. "Opening libraries to cloud computing: a Kenyan perspective." Library Hi Tech News 32, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-09-2014-0072.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the types of cloud computing, models, characteristics, descriptions, applications, considerations for use and benefits of the following technologies to library users. Cloud computing has taken libraries in Kenya by storm. Because of this, many libraries do not know what to do. They are at cross-roads. They lack policies to govern them. However, the recent realization by information professionals that cloud computing has a critical role to play in the provision of information services has created a desire to effectively harness and manage them for scholarly communication. Design/methodology/approach – The research reviewed previous studies on the topic by examining both electronic and print information resources available in the libraries and internet. Findings – The findings revealed that libraries in Kenya are yet to fully embrace cloud computing in their operations. There are mixed feelings by librarians on the degree at which they should integrate these technologies in their service provisions. However, there is a positive progress toward this noble venture. Research limitations/implications – Kenya as a developing nation has limited local content on the subject. The study established that some of the available literature is restricted by intellectual property rights. This forced the researcher to rely heavily on foreign literature for the study. Practical implications – Appreciation of emerging cloud computing technologies by libraries is inevitable for the sustainability and management of modern libraries. Cloud computing makes libraries more competitive by adequately meeting user’s technological needs. This study will also act as a benchmark for the Government of Kenya to improve the current information communication technology (ICT) national policy. Social implications – Apart from revolutionalizing library operations and delivery of services, cloud computing will tremendously revolutionize the social-cultural and communication landscape of the society. Originality/value – The paper provides vital information and insights into how libraries are embracing cloud computing in the provision and dissemination of varied information services to library users.
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Kamionka, Mateusz. "October 2020 Protests in Poland. A Case Study of Olkusz." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (November 2021): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.5.8.
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Introduction. In October 2020 the most extensive social protests took place in Poland since the democratic transformation in 1989. They were caused pertinently by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal’s decision and government policy on abortion. Numerous protests were held all over the country, both in larger cities, smaller towns and villages. Methods and materials. The study presents the results of the internet surveying method (CAWI) and snowball sampling. These were the only methods which can be used to study protest participants themselves (busy straightening in the streets), but also useful because of the pandemic situation in Poland. A 30 question survey was filled by about 200 people who took part in the protest in Olkusz city. Analysis. Research was made in time of “first main wave of protests” period, i.e. October 24–26, 2020. The author underlines the role of youth in the protests, and wants to answer two main research questions, first of all: what was the role of ‘Generation Z’ in October protests, and as well: what are the political views of the protesters. Researches about the first “hours” of protest are mostly extremely rare, the article also allows to see not only new youth Gen Z, but also modern civil protests. Results. Results show that the participants comprising mostly youth were not conservative, and could easily be considered a new generation of Poles – quite different from their older colleagues. But how and why are youngsters so politically different?
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Liu, Wen-Chi. "The Relationship between Primary Energy Consumption and Real Gross Domestic Product: Evidence from Major Asian Countries." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062568.
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This study examines the relationship between primary energy consumption (PEC) and real gross domestic product (real GDP) in the top four major energy consumers in Asia, namely, China, India, Japan, and South Korea. The study period is from 1982–2018, covering 37 years of data after the second oil crisis (1979–1981). Bootstrap panel Granger causality method is applied to examine the causal relationship between PEC and real GDP. This method is capable of controlling cross-sectional dimension and cross-country heterogeneity. In addition, few studies investigate the relevance of real GDP to energy consumption, although real GDP adjusted by inflation provides an accurate picture of a country’s economic situation. Our results contribute to existing literature in the field of PEC and real GDP. Through rigorous empirical research, we derive the main conclusion as follows. The real GDP and PEC of the top four energy consumers in Asia seem to be affected by the burst of the speculative Internet bubble from 2000–2001. Therefore, this study divides the research period into three periods: 1982–2018, 1982–2001, and 2002–2018. During the 1982–2018 period, an independent causal relationship is observed between real GDP and PEC for all four countries, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. During the 1982–2001 period, a unidirectional causal relationship running from PEC to real GDP is observed, thus supporting the energy growth hypothesis. Moreover, the coefficient is significantly negative in India; that is, PEC constrains economic development. Thus, the Indian government should reform its energy efficiency and consumption technologies to reduce energy waste. During the 2002–2018 period, an independent causal relationship is observed between real GDP and energy consumption for all four countries, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. This study then changes real GDP into nominal GDP and finds a unidirectional causal relationship running from PEC to nominal GDP in South Korea, thus supporting the growth hypothesis. A unidirectional causal relationship is also observed running from nominal GDP to PEC in India, thus supporting the energy conservation hypothesis. As mentioned above, we find that the relationship between PEC and real GDP adjusted by the GDP deflator is weaker than that between PEC and nominal GDP. Nominal GDP strengthens its relationship with PEC through the effect of prices for all the goods and services produced in an economy.
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Cryle, Denis. "Niche Markets or Monopolies? Regional Media, Government Policy and the Cross-Media Review." Media International Australia 88, no. 1 (August 1998): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9808800111.
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This article examines the neglected field of regional media in the 1990s, with special reference to the Howard government's ineffectual Cross-Media Review of 1996–97. It identifies major players and developments during the previous decade and critically examines claims about increased regional diversity in the context of the 1992 and 1994 media inquiries. In conclusion, the article reviews the submissions of regional players to the Cross-Media Review in the context of its stated concerns with preserving media diversity and localism.
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Weatherall, Kimberlee. "The New (Old) War on Copyright Infringement, and How Context is Opening New Regulatory Possibilities." Media International Australia 143, no. 1 (May 2012): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214300113.
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The internet blackout in January 2012 saw thousands of websites ‘go dark’ to protest proposed US laws designed to implement a ‘multi-system denial of service attack’ against alleged IP-infringing websites by making them both unfindable, and by cutting off any financial support. Within days, the laws – known as the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP Act (PIPA) – effectively were dead. But when and how did such laws even reach the stage of serious discussion? This examines what has changed, and looks at how and why regulating internet intermediaries and making them the internet ‘police’ has gradually become more acceptable to governments.
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Graham, Irene. "Shrouds of Secrecy: The Operation of the Online Services Act." Media International Australia 101, no. 1 (November 2001): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0110100110.
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An analysis of the Report on the Co-Regulatory Scheme for Internet Content Regulation covering the period July to December 2000, released by the ABA on 19 April 2001, demonstrates that the scheme has had a minimal impact on internet content hosted in Australia. The ABA's refusal to release any further information about the content that has been removed, under freedom of information legislation, suggests the government believes that secrecy is necessary to foster the perception that the scheme is actually effective. However, its limited effectiveness does not justify its cost. This paper maintains that taxpayers' money would be better spent in funding the police to track down and prosecute the producers and distributors of child pornography.
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Medeni, Tunc D., I. Tolga Medeni, and Asim Balci. "Proposing a Knowledge Amphora Model for Transition towards Mobile Government." International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications 3, no. 1 (January 2011): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jesma.2011010102.
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As an important project for Turkey to achieve Information/Knowledge Society Strategic Goals, the e-Government Gateway currently focuses on the delivery of public services via a single portal on the Internet. In later stages, other channels such as mobile devices will be available for use, underlying a transition towards mobile and ubiquitous government services. In order to provide a supportive base for this transition, the authors develop a modeling of knowledge amphora (@), and link this conceptual model with the e-government gateway. Based on Knowledge Science concepts such as ubiquity, ba (physical, virtual, mental place for relationship-building and knowledge-creation), ma (time-space in-between-ness), reflection and refraction, the modeling of Knowledge Amphora incorporates the interactions @ the Internet and mobile devices that contribute to cross-cultural information transfer and knowledge creation. The paper presents recent electronic and mobile government developments of E-Government Gateway Project in Turkey as an application example of this philosophical and theoretical modeling. The contributed Ubiquitous Participation Platform for Policy Making (UbiPOL) project aims to develop a ubiquitous platform allowing citizens to be involved in policy making processes (PMPs). The resulting work is a practical case study as that develops new m-government operations.
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Henry, Colette, Barbara Orser, Susan Coleman, and Lene Foss. "Women’s entrepreneurship policy: a 13 nation cross-country comparison." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 206–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-07-2017-0036.
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Purpose Government attention to women’s entrepreneurship has increased in the past two decades; however, there are few cross-cultural studies to inform policy development. This paper aims to draw on gender and institutional theory to report on the status of female-focused small and medium-sized enterprises/entrepreneurship policies and to ask how – and to what extent – do women’s entrepreneurship policies differ among countries? Design/methodology/approach A common methodological approach is used to identify gaps in the policy-practice nexus. Findings The study highlights countries where policy is weak but practice is strong, and vice versa. Research limitations/implications The study’s data were restricted to policy documents and observations of practices and initiatives on the ground. Practical implications The findings have implications for policy makers in respect of support for women’s entrepreneurship. Recommendations for future research are advanced. Originality/value The paper contributes to extant knowledge and understanding about entrepreneurship policy, specifically in relation to women’s entrepreneurship. It is also one of the few studies to use a common methodological approach to explore and compare women’s entrepreneurship policies in 13 countries.
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Kirkizh, Nora, and Olessia Koltsova. "Online News and Protest Participation in a Political Context: Evidence from Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Data." Social Media + Society 7, no. 1 (January 2021): 205630512098445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120984456.
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Availability of alternative information through social media, in particular, and digital media, in general, is often said to induce social discontent, especially in states where traditional media are under government control. But does this relation really exist, and is it generalizable? This article explores the relationship between self-reported online news consumption and protest participation across 48 nations in 2010–2014. Based on multilevel regression models and simulations, the analysis provides evidence that those respondents who reported that they had attended a protest at least once read news online daily or weekly. The study also shows that the magnitude of the effect varies depending on the political context: surprisingly, despite supposedly unlimited control of offline and online media, autocratic countries demonstrated higher effects of online news than transitional regimes, where the Internet media are relatively uninhibited.
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Balteo-Yazbeck, Alessandro, and Ana Alenso. "Homeland's Agenda: Electoral Autocracy (The Venezuelan Case, 2016)." ARTMargins 7, no. 3 (November 2018): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00220.
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Homeland's Agenda: Electoral Autocracy (The Venezuelan Case, 2016), a video-collage transcript, creates a general equivalence of media—public government broadcasting, propaganda, diverse Internet corporate news channels, pop music lyrics, video testimonials of disparate polish—so that each successive clip does not dominate the others. The result is a distillation of content lead by form and supported by a transcript translation that reveals a complex situation that is otherwise unreachable for audiences not initiated into the Venezuelan geopolitical context. The sourced material spans the period from 2011 to 2016, bearing witness to the emergence of a national humanitarian crisis and ensuing civil protests that, in 2017, prompted government repression by means of the police, the military, and the media.
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Kalberg, Stephen. "The Influence of Political Culture upon Cross-Cultural Misperceptions and Foreign Policy: The United States and Germany." German Politics and Society 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503003782353448.
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The disagreement between Germany and the United States over thewar in Iraq was massive. During the winter of 2002, many observersspoke of a long-term rift between these longstanding allies and atotal loss of credibility on both sides. No one can doubt, regardlessof recent healing overtures,1 that the German-American partnershiphas been altered and significantly weakened. It has suffered a blowfar more damaging than those that accompanied past conflicts over,for example, Ostpolitik, the neutron bomb, the Soviet gas pipeline,the flow of high technology products to the Soviet Union, the impositionof trade sanctions in 1980 against the military government inPoland, the stationing in the late 1970s of middle-range missiles onGerman soil, and the modernization of short-range missiles in 1989.
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Dutton, William H., Sadie Creese, Ruth Shillair, and Maria Bada. "Cybersecurity Capacity: Does It Matter?" Journal of Information Policy 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 280–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.9.1.0280.
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Abstract National cybersecurity capacity building involves the development of managerial, technical, social, legal, policy, and regulatory initiatives by a growing ecology of actors to enhance the resilience of nations to cybersecurity breaches, cybercrime, and terrorism. Capacity building is therefore resource intensive, requiring attention across sectors of society, ranging from governments to Internet users. However, it is difficult to justify commitments to capacity building when the benefits of building national cybersecurity capacity are largely based on logical reasoning, limited case studies, anecdotal evidence, and expert opinion rather than systematic empirical evidence. To explore the value of capacity building, this article reports on the early phase of a systematic effort to bring together cross-national data from multiple sources to examine whether indicators related to the cybersecurity capacity of a nation help explain the experiences of Internet users—one of the final payoffs of cybersecurity capacity building.
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Tanaka, Kimiko, Nan E. Johnson, and Deborah Lowry. "Gender, Family Norms, and Male-Factor Infertility in Japan: An Analysis of Internet Blogs." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 14 (September 11, 2018): 3713–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18796874.
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This study analyzes blogs about male-factor infertility posted on a Japanese blogsite on a certain day in April 2014. It focuses on an understudied topic and is the first study of Japanese male infertility based on blogs. The blog format afforded anonymity to the bloggers, and our sample of 97 adults yields the largest number of individual respondents of all cross-cultural studies cited in our literature review. We extract three major themes from the analysis of the blogs, offer suggestions for a redirection of family and infertility policy in Japan, and suggest lines for further research.
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Dal, Aysenur, and Erik C. Nisbet. "Walking Through Firewalls: Circumventing Censorship of Social Media and Online Content in a Networked Authoritarian Context." Social Media + Society 8, no. 4 (October 2022): 205630512211377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051221137738.
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The early hopes of the internet as a technology of “liberation” have turned into a reinforcing spiral of control, innovation, resistance, and counter-innovation between authoritarian governments and those that seek to bypass censorship and digital repression. This spiral reflects that even the most robust censorship mechanisms are vulnerable to circumvention, which has become a key concept for illustrating the contemporary online communication experience of citizens. Yet, the scholarship examining the underlying motivations and what influences individuals to employ censorship circumvention technologies (CCTs) in authoritarian contexts remains underdeveloped. We present a theoretical model of how state-sponsored political identity and attitudes about media freedom influence motivated resistance to censorship in the case of using CCTs to access social media and other forms of online content in the networked authoritarian context of Iran. Employing a web-based survey of internet users ( N = 807), we test this theoretical model across a range of censored online content types. Our findings show that regime ideology in Iran indirectly influences CCT use through biasing perceptions of media freedom and how people respond to it in the form of motivated resistance. We discuss theoretical and policy-related implications for resilience to censorship of social media and online content in networked authoritarian contexts.
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Kim, Taek-Kyung. "Naturalization Policy and Korean Righteous Army in Linjiang County in the Late Qing Dynasty: Focusing on Linjiang Rennei Gongdu." Korea Association of World History and Culture 62 (March 31, 2022): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2022.03.62.103.
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This paper examined the activities of Korean Righteous Army at the upper reaches of the Yalu River and the implementation of Korean naturalization policies at Linjiang County in the late Qing Dynasty, focusing on Li Tingyu’s Linjiang Rennei Gongdu. When the Righteous Army in the border area crossed the Yalu River and Japan’s military and police were mobilized to suppress it, the Linjiang County government was concerned that it would turn into a “second Gando Crisis”. The capabilities of the Linjiang County government were insufficient to withhold or suppress the cross-border and activities of Righteous Army. Considering this situation, Li Tingyu announced that he would arrest and deliver cross-border Righteous Army to Japan, but in reality, he persuaded cross-border Righteous Army to return to his home country or move to another region. Li Tingyu tried to get rid of the seeds of the catastrophe that may face in the precincts in the future by aggressively implementing a policy to the naturalized Korean. In his early days in office, the policy of Korean naturalization seemed to be progressing smoothly. However, his Korean naturalization policy soon met with protests from Japan. Accordingly, the Fengtian Provincial Government dismissed him and adjusted the speed and intensity of the Korean naturalization policy to avoid turning the affair into a diplomatic issue.
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Avni, Elinore. "CROSS-NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD FAMILY AND GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT FOR ELDER AND CHILD CARE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.223.
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Abstract Population aging in wealthy western nations has raised concerns about who will provide care to older adults. At the same time, the rise of single parenthood and dual-career families has heightened the need for childcare. As governments and families face challenges in meeting these dual needs, this study compares responses to the question of “who should primarily provide” eldercare and childcare across three countries: the US, Germany and Israel. Analysis of 2012 International Social Survey Programme data reveals that while persons in the US endorse family as care providers to both older adults and children, Israelis endorse government as eldercare providers yet family as the source of childcare provision. German respondents prefer both government and family as childcare providers, yet believe the government should provide eldercare. The paper discusses how cross-national differences in attitudes toward care are associated with cultural and socio-economic characteristics, and highlights implications for policy and practice.
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Misra, Kaustav, Esra Memili, Dianne H. B. Welsh, Surender Reddy, and Gail E. Sype. "Cross-country technology gap in Latin America." Cross Cultural Management 22, no. 4 (October 5, 2015): 630–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-04-2014-0043.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing the total factor productivity (TFP) gap between the USA and eight Latin American countries for the period of 1970-2000. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides an explicit application of TFP estimation by employing a growth accounting approach (Solow Residual) in the presence of non-constant returns to scale and a non-parametric approach (DEA – Malmquist Index) while relaxing the scale-related constraint. A macro-based economic model of innovator and follower countries is employed to explore the linkage between technology gaps and innovations, labor productivity, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and adult workforce illiteracy rates. A pooled model and a fixed effects model are used to determine the factors of the technology gap between the innovator and the follower countries. Findings – The results show that the labor productivity gap, adult work force illiteracy rates, patent filing gap, and trade openness are significant determinants of the technology gap between innovator and follower country. Practical implications – Latin American countries would benefit from the technology diffusion from an innovator country; but a minimum threshold of human capital, such as adult workforce illiteracy rates and patent filing has to be met. The authors find government policies on trade openness also have large effects on technology limitations in foreign countries. Originality/value – This paper is of value to researchers, policy makers, and economic development specialists trying to improve the rate of technology adoption and innovation.
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Leonard, Peter. "The Elusive Mirage: Competition Regulation and Telecommunications, 1997–2000." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600106.
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This paper looks at the operation of telecommunications-specific competition regulation pursuant to the 1997 legislation, on the eve of a review of the 1997 legislation by the Productivity Commission. The central thesis is that the ‘brave new world’ created by the 1997 legislation, of industry self-regulation of terms and conditions of access to declared telecommunications services, has been an inhospitable land for new entrants. Neither the access nor the competitive conduct provisions have operated in the way intended by the policy-makers and anticipated by new entrants at the time of introduction of the 1997 legislation. The tools of competitive conduct regulation at the retail level have proven cumbersome and susceptible to challenge. Instead of a rapid withering away of market power under threatened or actual market entry, the emergence of the Internet and commercial deployment of digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies has meant that Telstra's ability to cross-market leverage may actually have increased and extended beyond the telephony sphere. Finally, the paper identifies key issues for the Productivity Commission's review.
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Ritonga, Jhon Talbu, and Muhammad Zilal Hamzah. "Fiscal Decentralization Generates Economic Growth: Evidence from Province-Level Cross-Section Data for Indonesia." Indonesian Management and Accounting Research 5, no. 1 (November 10, 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/imar.v5i1.1270.
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Recently, fiscal decentralization, which involves the devolution of government fiscal responsibilities to lower levels of government, has been discussed in many developed and developing countries. In particular, the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth is a key issue in recent theoretical and empirical studies in public finance. The empirical evidences produce mixed results. In this study, the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth in a sample of several provinces will be explored. A province study offers several advantages: a bigger sample of data is available for province than for Indonesia; and panel data estimation is able to adjust the cultural, historical, and institutional differences and also to capture the local heterogeneities. By adopting a production-function-based estimation framework, the empirical estimation is done on a sample of cross section data that comprises of 26 province governments and the time series yearly data from 1992 to 2002. The Generalized Least Square method is used to test these data. The results indicate that: first, the fiscal decentralization variables (expenditure indicator) show the positive and significant coefficients, while, the revenue indicator shows the negative relationship with economic growth. Hence, several policy implications can be derived; i.e, the local government should be able: to increase their non taxes revenues; to create conducive conditions for capital inflows; and to develop a clear framework for fiscal decentralization assignment such as income redistribution and borrowingJEL classification: E60; E62; H62; H63; 04Keywords: province government financing; fiscal decentralization;localautonomy;fiscal policy; economic growth; cross-province data;
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Bakhlova, O. V., and I. V. Bakhlov. "Spheres of State Policy of the Russian Federation from the Perspective of Nation-Building: Correlation Priorities and Mechanisms." Administrative Consulting, no. 10 (November 27, 2020): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2020-10-18-34.
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Aims: to determine the General and special characteristics of official documents in the fields of state cultural policy, state youth policy and state national policy of the Russian Federation in terms of their interaction in terms of positions relevant to the perspective of nation-building.Methods: informal content analysis of documents, formal legal method, methods of comparative and system analysis, content analysis of the content of Internet resources, contextual analysis of political discourse.Results and discussion: the specifics of regulatory regulation of these areas are analyzed, the degree of their legislative institutionalization is revealed, and vulnerabilities that prevent greater correlation are shown. The content of the official websites of Federal government bodies and their structural divisions responsible for the formation and implementation of state cultural, youth and national policies and Advisory bodies under them is studied, taking into account the coverage of planned and ongoing events and initiatives. The provisions that emphasize the issues of present and future States in certain spheres that are fundamental for official and theoretical discourse in the context of nation-building trends are outlined.Conclusion: the existing documents and mechanisms provided for by them ensure a fairly high degree of integration of various spheres of state policy of the Russian Federation. At the same time, they need to achieve a better balance of the main goals, tasks, and implementation mechanisms. Some forward-looking estimates for these areas in the medium term are justified, allowing for the probability of individual adjustments, including in the legislative sphere. At the same time, we recommend measures to improve management practices based on transformed paradigm approaches, primarily to the sphere of culture. The author argues for linking the proposed amendments within the framework of the constitutional reform with the guidelines of nation-building and priorities fixed in the spheres of state policy.
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Panibratov, Andrei. "Cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals." Journal of Organizational Change Management 30, no. 7 (November 13, 2017): 1109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2016-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify key factors that influence the integration process in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) deals of emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs). The research questions are: how national and organizational culture coupled with other organizational characteristics influence M&A deals of EMNEs? Which factors influence the process of cultural and organizational integration in cross-border M&A deals, initiated by EMNEs? What is the effect and consequences that different integration factors have on cross-border M&A deals by EMNEs? Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a multiple case study research, considering cross-border deals of Chinese and Russian firms separately. Each block consists of two cases, describing M&A integration of companies operating in two sectors: high technology and finance. The authors obtained the data for case studies from companies’ official websites, annual reports, press releases, other official documents where companies were mentioned, business-media sources (newspapers and magazines), published interviews, documented speeches, letters, laws, as well as through blogs and social networks. The authors have also used the published information from articles, books, databases, and previously conducted case studies. Findings The authors have identified the factors influencing deals’ results of Chinese and Russian MNEs, with explanation based on case studies’ analysis. The full list of factors is presented in Table IV in the manuscript. The authors have also identified the set of elements that were derived from the case studies’ analysis only, without having any strong support in the literature, such as changes at a senior management level, educational and business exchanges, CSR policy, and the government involvement. Originality/value The authors have identified the key factors that influence integration of emerging market firms in cross-border M&A deal. The list of factors was adjusted and actualized in accordance with the results of four cases of cross-border M&A deals of Chinese or Russian companies. As a result, the authors founded the combination of characteristics of cultural and organizational integration process of firms from China and Russia.
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Kerwin, Donald, and Daniela Alulema. "The CRISIS Survey: The Catholic Church's Work with Immigrants in a Period of Crisis." Journal on Migration and Human Security 9, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23315024211035726.
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Over the last five years, the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) has conducted four surveys of Catholic immigrant-serving institutions, programs, and ministries in the United States. These surveys identify the multi-faceted needs of immigrants and refugees, and examine the successes and challenges of Catholic institutions in responding to them. CMS administered its most recent survey, the Catholic Refugee and Immigrant Service Integration Survey (the “CRISIS Survey”) from December 14, 2020 through February 5, 2021. This survey explored the work of Catholic institutions during the Trump administration and the COVID-19 pandemic. The CRISIS Survey documents the reach, diversity, and productivity of Catholic institutions that worked with immigrants and refugees during a pandemic that particularly devastated their communities and an administration whose policies and rhetoric made their work far more difficult. At a time of rampant “Catholic decline” narratives, the survey also documents the reach, vitality, and relevance of Catholic immigrant-serving institutions. It identifies the obstacles encountered by immigrants in accessing Catholic programs and ministries — both organizational (funding, staffing, and siting) and exogenous (federal policies, the pandemic, and community opposition). It underscores the threat posed by US immigration policies to immigrants and to the work of Catholic institutions. Survey respondents reported that they offered new services during this period, such as: Financial assistance for families, particularly those at risk of losing housing or utilities. COVID-19 testing, education, contact tracing, and quarantine services. Mental health services. Grief support and assistance with funeral expenses. Delivery of food and sanitation supplies for infected and other homebound persons. Voter registration and Census promotion activities. Virtually all respondents provided services remotely during the pandemic. Many reported on difficulties faced by immigrants in accessing their services, due to poor internet connections, limited computer access, and lack of communications technology and training. Respondents identified several factors that negatively affected immigrants’ access to their services pre-pandemic. As in previous CMS surveys, these factors included lack of immigration status, negative community attitudes toward immigrants, fear of apprehension (particularly after traffic stops) and deportation, public transportation deficiencies, stigma over receipt of mental health services, and identification requirements to access public benefits. Respondents also reported on obstacles in working with immigrants during the pandemic. These included the pandemic itself, limited funding, demand that outpaced resources, government restrictions on relief and benefit eligibility, and (particularly for students) living arrangements, work, and family caretaking responsibilities. Respondents overwhelmingly believed that immigration enforcement, tied to fear of deportation, very negatively or somewhat negatively affected participation in their services and programs. In Catholic terms, they reported that nativist immigration policies, rhetoric, and media sources interfered with their practice of discipleship. One respondent stated, “Fear of ICE and round-ups, locally in our state and nationally, along with negative immigration rhetoric from the out-going president have made our clients very fearful to access services they rightly qualify for.” A healthcare provider reported that immigrants were “avoiding or delaying seeking treatment for COVID-19 for fear of apprehension and/or deportation.” Many said that enforcement partnerships between Immigration and Customs Enforcement and states and localities made immigrants fearful of reporting crimes or accessing government facilities. One said that potential sponsors feared coming forward to reunify with children. Respondents also cited as problems delays in family reunification, barriers to asylum-seekers entering the United States, decreased refugee admissions, and the Trump administration's rule on the public charge ground of inadmissibility. The report recommends that Catholic institutions take stock of the creative new programs, skills and capacities that they have developed during the pandemic and build on them. It also recommends that scholars and researchers prioritize independent, person-centered research that critically analyzes the work of Catholic immigrant-serving institutions. Such research would ask whether these institutions, in the words of Pope Francis, are putting “the person at the center, in his or her many aspects” and honoring the “fundamental equality” of every person. It would draw on the perspectives of immigrants served by Catholic institutions to examine the degree to which these institutions advance the rights, participation, and wellbeing of immigrants and their families in US society. Finally, it would analyze how Catholic institutions work with each other — within Arch/dioceses, regionally, nationally, and across these realms — in response to the cross-cutting needs of immigrants. The report recommends that Catholic institutions develop programmatic plans to ensure that immigrants can return to or can continue to access their programs and ministries as the pandemic subsides. These plans will need to combine communication strategies, financial support, and services such as transportation and childcare. In addition, Catholic institutions should make it a high priority to ensure that immigrants can access the infrastructure, platforms, and training that will allow them to access virtual services. They should also develop strategies to engage Catholics who do not understand, who ignore, or who work at cross-purposes to Catholic teaching and policy positions in this area. Finally, they should redouble their work with the administration and Congress to reform US immigration laws, and with states and localities to promote welcoming and inclusive communities.
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Emonena, Sunny Ekakitie, and Egede Nwawuku Matteo. "Driving SMEs Through Nepotism and Individualism: A Cross Cultural Analysis & Implications for Enterprise Success in Sub-Sahara Africa." Journal of Management and Strategy 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v11n2p29.
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As we gravitate deeper into the 21st century, work patterns that drive productivity tend towards teamwork, group specialization, hi-tech and hi-touch processes. This study in acknowledging this new paradigm advocates the adoption of the twin practices of nepotism and individualism for African SMEs. The authors argue that given the peculiar cultural inclinations of Africans where socio-economic activities are woven around family subsistence and individualism in optimizing skills and competences, coupled with readily available labour in most African families; it will be economically wise to drive SMEs set-up and start-ups through family. The authors contend that given the weak capacities of African entrepreneurs competitively, they can become effective if they make a strategic retreat and gradually develop their enterprises via deploying family resources cost effectively to increment capacities for productivity. The paper in examining extant literature evidenced the application of nepotism and individual acumen in the growth of enterprises across notable cultures in the world. Theories of entrepreneurship lending credence to arguments canvassed include Cantillon’s theory, the Knightian theory, the individual-opportunity nexus theory and the Mill’s theory of individualism among others. These along with empirical studies outcome cited reveal the immense benefits and successes recoverable in the creation/administration of SMEs along these dimensions. In the light of these benefits, the authors suggest among others that policies of government in sub-Saharan Africa should tilt towards incentives for family-patterned SMEs. It also advocates for a platform were innovative SMEs can receive recognition and sponsorship from government and trade/industrial associations. Finally, the paper suggests that SMEs in Africa link up via the Internet with SMEs abroad with a history of family business to learn success and survival strategies and gradually become global players themselves.
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Rachmawati, Ridha Ayu, I. Dewa Ketut Kerta Widana, I. Gede Sumertha Kusuma Yanca, and Herlina Juni Risma Saragih. "Efforts to Improve Cross-Cultural Competencies and Resiliency for Peacekeepers and Their Families in the United Nations Peacekeeping Mission in Lebanon (UNIFIL)." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 11 (2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61101.
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The Government of the Republic of Indonesia carries out a free and active foreign policy, therefore the Government of Indonesia has always actively participated in efforts to maintain world peace under the banner of the United Nations. This study aims to analyze about: a) how Indonesia’s Participation in the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) Mission; b) Approach Program Through Cross-Cultural Competence for Peacekeepers in UNIFIL’s Mission; and c) Resilience Improvement Program for Peacekeepers and Their Families in UNIFIL Mission. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews with informants and literature studies. The results of the study prove that (1) Indonesia has actively participated in maintaining world peace which is the embodiment of the 4th Paragraph of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD NRI 1945). (2) These obstacles and challenges are caused by differences in Cross-Cultural Competence and Cultural Intelligence, both of which are closely related. Cultural Intelligence (Cultural Intelligence) consists of Mental Ability and Behavioral Ability. Mental abilities include metacognitive intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and motivational intelligence. Meanwhile, Behavioral Ability is behavioral intelligence. Cross-Cultural Competence can be improved through experience (experience), training (training), education (education), self-development (self-development); and (3) To increase the peacekeeper’s resilience, there are 4 (four) efforts, namely practical handling of stressors, cognitive or internal strategies, stress reduction supported by the situation and environment, and personal approach. There must be additional Cross-Cultural Competence training by the United Nations for peacekeepers (civil and military) in every UN peacekeeping mission around the world. The importance of creating a Family Resilience program for peacekeeper families, such as FOCUS in the United States, which can reduce stress levels and other problems so that the performance of peacekeepers in carrying out their duties becomes more qualified and effective in order to maintain international peace and security.
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Shin, Wonsun. "Active mediation of television, internet and mobile advertising." Young Consumers 18, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 378–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2017-00700.
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Purpose The purposes of this study are to examine how parents implement discussion-based parental mediation (i.e. active mediation) to influence the way children understand advertising on television, computers and smartphones and to investigate factors associated with parental mediation practices. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted with parents in Singapore whose children were watching television, using computers with internet access and using smartphones. Findings The degree to which parents engage in active mediation of advertising is similar across different media. Active mediation of advertising is more a function of parents’ attitudes toward advertising directed to children, parents’ concerns about media influence on their children and parental self-efficacy rather than the age of their children. Research limitations/implications The survey was conducted in a single country and did not examine the consequences of parental mediation of advertising. Future research should consider cross-cultural perspectives and investigate the outcomes of parental mediation. Practical implications For advertising practitioners, this study argues that it is important to understand how parents view different forms of advertising. For media educators and policy makers, this study suggests that various parental factors should be considered to develop effective guidelines for parents. Originality/value This study adds novel insights to the literature on consumer socialization by investigating how parents – the primary socialization agents in children’s development of consumption-related behaviors – help children understand advertising across different media.
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Fabbrini, Sergio. "Political and institutional constraints on structural reforms: interpreting the Italian experience." Modern Italy 18, no. 4 (November 2013): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2013.801665.
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During 2011 Italy reached the verge of a financial default because of its huge public debt. Neither the centre-right nor the centre-left governments that alternated in power in the 2000s were able to introduce the reforms necessary for reducing the debt and promoting growth. The impotence of the government became incompatible with the requirements of the country's continued presence in the eurozone. In November 2011, under the pressure of financial markets and eurozone institutions and leaders, the incumbent centre-right government was obliged to resign, and was substituted by a government composed of technocrats and experts, the Monti government. This lasted until December 2012 and was supported in parliament by a cross-partisan coalition; it was able to introduce some of the structural reforms required, because of the threat of default but also because it did not need to seek the electoral support of powerful constituencies. This article advances an interpretation of the Italian crisis of November 2011, identifying the political and institutional structures and the specific political conditions that fostered a policy stalemate in the country in the 2000s and whose persistence makes the continuation of reforms after the February 2013 elections uncertain.
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Chmielecki, Michał, and Robert Seliga. "A Comparative Study of Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship between Polish and British Students." Przedsiebiorczosc i Zarzadzanie 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eam-2015-0019.
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Abstract Background Entrepreneurship continues to gain momentum as a significant and relevant field of research. Policy makers in the rush to stimulate entrepreneurship in various countries, often rely on the success stories and prescriptions documented in the entrepreneurship literature in which most studies are set in the United States. Research aims The article present exploratory study addresses the subject of cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards entrepreneurship by focusing attention on two particular types of cultures of entrepreneurship British and Polish. Method The quantitative research (survey) was conducted in May 2014 among 153 Polish and 94 British graduate and postgraduate management students. Key findings The findings have some distinctive implications for government, policy makers and educators through determining the attitudes towards entrepreneurship among students.
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Grechushkina, Natalia А. "Public policy measures to manage nutrition-related health risks." City Healthcare 3, no. 1 (April 10, 2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v3i1;65-72.
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Introduction. Modern diets characterized by high consumption of ultra-processed foods and reduced physical activity are leading to poor health outcomes and increased premature mortality, as well as higher health care costs. This requires that governments implement more effective models of public management in the field of nutrition which require evaluation of the impact of each management tool, as well as their cumulative effects. Objective. To summarize and characterize the key public policies that exist worldwide to reduce the risks of diet-related non-communicable diseases. Materials and methods. A content analysis of scientific and internet publications on nutrition and dietary management was used. Discussion. A common set of policy tools for many countries includes fiscal policy measures, quality standardization and food labeling, public education, financial incentives for responsible food behavior, development of national recommendations for healthy eating and its promotion, etc. Recently, these approaches have begun to rely on epidemiological monitoring data and studies evaluating the effectiveness of a particular type of intervention. Not all of the existing interventions are equally effective. Therefore, when choosing policy instruments, it is necessary to consider their potential, as well as their level of impact: individual, socio-cultural, industrial, governmental, etc. Conclusion. Rationalization of nutrition is the most important element of social policy of the state and one of the factors in the formation of a healthy lifestyle. This indicates the need for a comprehensive science-based systematic approach to solving problems in the field of healthy eating. The implementation of policy in this area should be based on scientific evidence, with the involvement of business and a wide range of the public, on the principle of interagency cooperation and taking into account multi-level factors that affect the formation of individual and population model of food behavior.
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John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Chizoma M. Ndikom, Mojisola M. Oluwasanu, Temitayo Adebisi, and Oluwaponmile Odukoya. "Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge, Utilisation, Prevention Educational Interventions and Policy Response in Nigeria: A Scoping Review." Cancer Control 29 (January 2022): 107327482211301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10732748221130180.
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Purpose This review evaluated the knowledge, utilisation, prevention education, and policy response across the six geopolitical regions of Nigeria to inform national efforts for the prevention and control of cervical cancer. Methods A keyword-based systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE (NCBI), Google Scholar, and AJOL electronic databases, including a manual scan of papers, journals and websites to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility. Results Many (158) articles were downloaded and after duplicates were removed, 110 articles were included in the final analysis. These were made up of qualitative, quantitative (cross-sectional), intervention and policy studies. Studies have generally reported poor knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer screening but those carried out in urban areas demonstrated a slightly higher level of awareness of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine, HPV vaccination uptake and utilization of cervical cancer preventive services than the rural studies. The studies did not show strong government support or policies in relation to cervical cancer control. Conclusion Knowledge and uptake of cervical cancer preventive services across diverse groups in Nigeria remain poor. These could be linked to socio-cultural factors, the lack of an organised cervical cancer screening programme and low financial resource pool for cervical cancer prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to increase government, donor prioritisation and political support in order to ensure increased investment and commitment to cervical cancer elimination in Nigeria.
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Žegunienė, Vaida, and Laima Kupriene. "A SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. PRACTICING THE METHOD OF VIRTUAL CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION: INNOVATION OR ROUTINE?" SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 25, 2018): 594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3156.
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The current situation in the global arena may be characterized as a rapidly changing process with new trends appearing. This situation is not a problem for the young generation which has many different names, such as the “Net Generation”, “Digital Natives”, “Y” and/or “X” Generation, etc. As a matter of fact, these modern names are closely associated withhigh consumption of virtual media, such as the Internet. A great majority of young individuals perceive their own existence mainly in the virtual space. Thus, themodern approachto communication demonstrated by the young generation cannot be refuted by any educationalinstitution or governmental body which are involved invarious processes of policy creation and regulation of modern societal norms. The educational system can be referred to as a priority in the entire world, because newly educated and trained specialists take an active part in the processesof economic, political, education, etc. development aiming to create a positive image of their country in the world. Multilingualism is part ofthe daily life due to the provided ability to communicate atan international level. New opportunities, such as travelling or jobsand studies abroad, expand people's horizons and demand new skills. A second language is amustin the contemporary world. Language acquisition is more efficient when innovations are integrated into the educational field. This article aims at revealingthe methods of practice ofvirtual cross-cultural interaction facilitating the acquisition and development of the foreign language communication skills. The conducted survey suggests thatvirtual cross-cultural interaction is an innovative routine acknowledged by every respondent, andallthe positive aspects are clearly and indisputably presented by the survey participants.