Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Internautes – Attitude – Modèles mathématiques'
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Mongy, Sylvain. "Modélisation et analyse du comportement des utilisateurs exploitant des données vidéo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10073.
Full textOur work proposes to analyze users' behavior using video data. Our objective is to contribute understanding how and why users view each video sequence. We present an approach combining intra-video and inter-video behavior analysis. The intra-video level represents the viewing of a video sequence. The inter-video level represents the sessions (linkage between videos viewed by users). An intra-video behavior is defined by a Markov model built using the actions performed during viewings. We cluster these behavior with a new method derived from K-Means adapted to the use of Models (K-Models). We then characteriz several typical behaviors that allows to estimate the level of interest of each video. An inter-video behavior is defined by a session. This session is an ordered sequence of viewings performed by the users. ln order to cluster these sessions, we propose a hierarchical technique, representing clusters by a set of common subsequences enriched by intra-video behaviors. Results from test sets allow to identify observed behaviors and to conclude on the interest of the videos. We also propose a framework on how to integrate our approach in a search engine in order to detect indexing errors and to propose altemate searches to the users
Mongy, Sylvain. "Modélisation et analyse du comportement des utilisateurs exploitant des données vidéo." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842718.
Full textBillot, Antoine. "Préférence imprécise et équilibres économiques : une analyse axiomatique." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOE005.
Full textAlbert, Christophe. "De l'influence des préférences des consommateurs sur l'innovation dans les modèles de croissance endogène." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010066.
Full textBressoud, Étienne. "De l'intention d'achat au comportement : essais de modélisations incluant variables attitudinales, intra-personnelles et situationnelles." Paris 1, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00303679.
Full textRulleau, Bénédicte. "Services récréatifs en milieu naturel littoral et évaluation économique multi-attributs de la demande." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40036.
Full textRecreational services provided by the natural environment are hightly heterogenous and most of them are non market. For management and policy making purpose however, it is useful to fully appreciate preferences for forests attributes and give a monetary value for outdoor recreation. This study aims at contributing to the debate on the economic value of outdoor recreation demand in multidimensional contexts. It exemines the contributions of multi-attribute methods that come from Lancaster's characteristicss approach. More precisely, we focus on the Multiple Programmes Contingent Valuation Method (MPCVM) and on Choise Experiments (CE). These relatively new approaches aim at differentiating recreaction by relevant attributes in order to examine the consequences of multidimensional changes in their provision and to identify visitor's trade'offs between attributes. We propose here an application to Stated-owned coastal sites in the Gironde area (Southwest France), where three adjoining wilderness areas (the ocean, the sand and the forest) form one sole site. A survey was conducted in summer 2006 on tourists and main and secondary residents. The MPCVM studies any "substitution effect" the may be between the programmes (recreational quality of natural areas). It also allows for the calculation of visitors' Willingness-To-Pay. The CE is applied to forest recreation. It identifies the relative influence of an attribute on visit choice. Finally, these methods raise several questions about the formulation of individual choices and about the inclusion of these choices in the valuation process
Hérault, Stéphanie. "Étude des processus de formation de l'attitude envers la marque : un essai de modélisation intégrant une variable psychologique, la confiance en soi : une application en situation de pré-test publicitaire pour des produits de grande consommation." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010065.
Full textSolal, Philippe. "Interaction et information : une contribution à la théorie des jeux évolutionnaires." Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STETT050.
Full textThis work considers an evolutionary approach to game theory. The main purpose of this thesis is to show that the nature of interaction and the distribution of information modify the relation between the individual level and aggregate behavior. Chapter 1 is divided in two parts. First, we present basic results of neo-darwinian models in a global interaction context. Second, we depart from environments in which individual behavior is genetically determined and strategy selection obtained because carriers of different genes differ in reproductive fitness. We discuss several models of adaptative behavior at the individual level and we construct a stochastic model of imitation-experimentation. Our main result is that the expected movement of the adaptative process is the same as a replicator-mutation equation. Chapter 2 presents the conceptual framework for studying the asymptotic behavior of a large class of stochastic models. This technique allows us to test the stochastic stability of various discrete adaptative processes perturbed by continuous but vanishing experimentation. Along this line we examine the models developed by kandori, mailath, rob (1993) and vega-redondo, robson (1996). Finally, we apply this technique to the analysis of our imitation-experimention process in two-person coordination games. The main result is that multiple states are stochastically stable. In other words punctuated equilibrium effect occurs in the (ultra) long run. For exemple, in the "prisoner's dilemma" game, the pareto efficient state is stochastically stable. By using a theorem due to bergin, lipman (1996), we show how we can modify artificially the support of the limit probability distribution of the imitation-experimentation process. Chapter 3 analyses situations where each player is located at a vertex of a simple symmetric and connected graph. We distinguish two cases. The first one restricts attention to environments in which the distribution of information is symmetric between neighbors (ellison, 1993, berninghaus, schwalbe, 1996). The second case depicts environments in which the distribution of information is asymmetric between neighbors. We extend the results obtained by ellison (1993) when the structure of information is represented by a one-dimensional digraph 1-strongly connected. In a two dimensional structure of information, we obtain original cyclic behavior
Colobert, Briac. "Relation entre stratégie posturale et stratégie de soulever de charge chez la personne âgée." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20029.
Full textThis work presents severals new contributions in modelisation and in the field of physical activity in the elderly. Force and equilibrium are both involved in posture and lifting. It is possible to employ index of strategies which allow to quantify those activities, in order to evaluate the possible relation between lifting and posture. To make postural evaluation easier and to evaluate load lifting, we describe two new models based on inverse geometric augmented body. The first model is able to measure ankle and hip movement and the secund model is able to identify the strategy employed during lifting. Each model only requires force plate measurements. The last part of this thesis focus on the study of the level of physical activity in elderly and its consequences on equilibrium and force. We find a relation between postural strategy and lifting strategy in elderly with a physical activity between 2-4 hours per week. Performances of the equilibrium system and those of the motor system are perhaps involved in a different level in the choice of postural strategy and lifting strategy. Our results underline the fact that even a low level of physical activity positively influences daily activities of elderly
Konté, Mamadou. "Investisseurs et Marchés Financiers : du comportement des agents à la formation de prix d'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618863.
Full textDermouche, Soumia. "Leveraging the dynamics of non-verbal behaviors : modeling social attitude and engagement in human-agent interaction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS271.pdf.
Full textSocial interaction implies exchange between two or more persons, where they adapt their behaviors to each others. With the growing interest in human-agent interactions, it is desirable to make these interactions natural and human like. In this context, we aimed at enhancing the quality of the interaction between users and Embodied Conversational Agents ECAs by (1) endowing the ECA with the capacity to express social attitudes, such as being friendly or dominant depending its role or relationship with its interaction partners; (2) adapting the agent's behavior according to the user's behavior, hence, the conversation partners influence each others through an interaction loop, thus, enhancing the interaction quality; (3) predicting the user's engagement level and adapting the agent's behavior accordingly. We take advantage of the recent advances in machine learning, more specifically, temporal sequence mining and neural networks to model these capacities in the ECA. The first model is used to learn relevant patterns (sequences) of non-verbal signals that best represent attitude variations, and then reproduce them on the agent. The latter is used to encompass the dynamics of non-verbal signals. Two use cases have been explored using the well-known LSTM model: agent's behavior adaptation based on both agent's and user's behavior history, and user's engagement prediction based on his/her own behavior history. The implemented models and algorithms have been validated through a number of perceptive studies as well as through rigorous quantitative analysis of the obtained results. In addition, the realized models have been integrated into a virtual-agent platform
Saffar, Imen. "Vers une agentification de comportements observés : une approche originale basée sur l’apprentissage automatique pour la simulation d’un environnement réel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10190/document.
Full textThe design of simulation tools, which are able to reproduce the dynamics and evolution of complex real phenomena, is hard. Modeling these phenomena by analytical approaches is often unsuitable, forcing the designer to turn towards behavioral approaches. In this context, multi-agent simulations are now a credible alternative to the classical simulations. However, they remain difficult to implement. In fact, the designer of the simulation must be able to transcribe the dynamic of the phenomenon being observed in agents behavior. This step usually requires the skills of a specialist with some expertise in the phenomenon to be simulated. In this thesis, we propose a novel way to treat observing real behaviors to simulate, without resorting to the help of an expert.It is relying on unsupervised learning techniques to identify and extract behavior and facilitate the agentification. Our approach is, therefore, a step towards the automatic design of multi-agent simulations reproducing observable phenomena. This approach is motivated by an application context aiming the simulation of customers’ behavior within a retail space
Benzine, Abdallah. "Estimation de poses 3D multi-personnes à partir d'images RGB." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS103.
Full text3D human pose estimation from RGB monocular images is the processus allowing to locate human joints from an image or of a sequence of images. It provides rich geometric and motion information about the human body. Most existing 3D pose estimation approaches assume that the image contains only one person, fully visible. Such a scenario is not realistic. In real life conditions several people interact. They then tend to hide each other, which makes 3D pose estimation even more ambiguous and complex. The work carried out during this thesis focused on single-shot estimation. of multi-person 3D poses from RGB monocular images. We first proposed a bottom-up approach for predicting multi-person 3D poses that first predicts the 3D coordinates of all the joints present in the image and then uses a grouping process to predict full 3D skeletons. In order to be robust in cases where the people in the image are numerous and far away from the camera, we developed PandaNet, which is based on an anchor representation and integrates a process that allows ignoring anchors ambiguously associated to ground truthes and an automatic weighting of losses. Finally, PandaNet is completed with an Absolute Distance Estimation Module (ADEM). The combination of these two models, called Absolute PandaNet, allows the prediction of absolute human 3D poses expressed in the camera frame
De, Gavelle Erwan. "Modélisation de trajectoires acceptables de réarrangement de la consommation de sources protéiques pour augmenter l’adéquation nutritionnelle et impacts sur la durabilité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA016/document.
Full textIn Western countries, the consumption of animal protein, which is the predominant protein source, has been decreasing over the last decade. This consumption has been negatively associated with different sustainability parameters in the majority of cases, and studies modelling sustainable diets have shown that the different parameters are not always compatible. Diets that significantly improve different sustainability parameters have been modelled, but the consideration of cultural acceptability is insufficient and requires further investigation. The objective of this thesis was to model acceptable trajectories of rearrangement of protein source consumption to increase nutritional adequacy and to evaluate its impacts on sustainability. The study of protein source consumption in France led to the conclusion that protein intake is adequate for the entire population, but that there are different profiles of protein intake characterized by different levels of nutritional security. A study conducted in 2018 found that meat consumption levels were predicted by attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control related to the reduction of meat consumption. For the stepwise dietary modelling study, it was considered acceptable for an individual to consume a new food if it was widely consumed by individuals with a similar profile of protein intake. This hypothesis was validated by a survey conducted in 2018. The modelling work identified that some dietary recommendations were effective for the general population, but others were specific to certain profiles of protein intake characterized by specific nutritional profiles and food repertoires. Finally, models have identified that systematically targeting more plant proteins during the first dietary modifications allows, despite a slightly lower nutritional adequacy, to obtain better sustainability parameters
Antoine, Olivier. "Contrôle optimal et robuste de l'attitude d'un lanceur. Aspects théoriques et numériques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS196/document.
Full textThe first objective of this work is to study some aspects of the attitude control problem of a rigid body, in order to optimize the trajectory of a launcher during a ballistic flight. We state this problem in a general mathematical setting, as an optimal control problem with intermediate constraints on the state. Meanwhile, we also implement an optimization software that relies on the combination of a direct method and of an interior-point algorithm to optimize any given ballistic flight, with any number of intermediate constraints, corresponding to any number of satellite separations. Besides, we applied the so-called indirect methods, exploiting Pontryagin maximum principle, to the resolution of this optimal control problem. In this work, optimal trajectories with respect to the consumption are looked after, which corresponds to a L 1 cost. Known to be numerically challenging, this criterion can be reached by performing a continuation procedure, starting from a L 2 cost, for which it is easier to provide a good initialization of the underlying optimization algorithm. We shall also study other examples of applications for continuation procedures. Eventually, we will present a robust control algorithm, allowing to reach a target point from a perturbed initial point, following a nominal trajectory while preserving its bang-bang structure. The robustness of a control can be improved introducing needle-like variations, and a criterion to measure the robustness of a trajectory is designed, involving the singular value decomposition of some end-point mapping
Bascoul, Ganaël. "Effets masqués en analyse prédictive." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB015.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the development of two methodologies to reveal previously hidden effects in decision modeling. In the first part, we try to implement a method of local analysis in order to select criteria in the context of binary choices. In a second part, we highlight the effects of generations in the study of consumer behavior. In both parts, our research approach combines new predictive analytical tools (such as Support Vector Machines, FANOVA, PLS) to traditional tools of inferential statistics, to enrich the usual results by additional on the masked effects, which are the local effects in the binary choice functions, and the effects of generation in temporal choice behavior analysis.The proposed methodologies, respectively named AEL and APC- PLS are both applied to real cases in order to illustrate their operation and relevance
Sengès, Eloïse. "Antécédents, manifestations et effets du Bien Vieillir Désiré sur la consommation des seniors." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED033.
Full textAging well is now a key stake for senior marketing, yet this concept remains little investigated by consumer research. A new concept is introduced in marketing research: Desired Aging Well (DAW), which refers to the psychological, physical, social and financial objectives, pursued in the quest for aging well. This research provides a reliable and valid bifactor measurement model for Desired Aging Well, in four dimensions: general DAW, physical DAW, social DAW and financial DAW. Its influence is tested on eight consumer behaviors related to the following sectors: food, e-health, plastic surgery, leisure, financial investments, social networks and dating sites. The Desired Aging Well scale and the overall antecedents-manifestations-effects model are validated on a sample of 900 French senior people aged from 50 to 80. The results suggest the development of a new marketing approach for seniors: aging well marketing. Its investigation and implementation are rooted in four key concepts: Desired Aging Well, perceived aging, adjustment to aging expectations and aging well consumption