Journal articles: 'Internationalization'

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Ahsan, Faisal M., and Ajay Singal. "Performance of Mid-Size Internationalized Indian Firms: Evaluating the Role of Family Control." Asian Journal of Empirical Research 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1007/2019.9.12/1007.12.387.400.

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The rapidly growing and gradual emergence of multinational firms from the Indian sub-continent now calls for thorough re-understandings of extant theories and existing ideologies of the ‘internationalization’ process. We would initially assess the three-stage model of internationalization in the context of mid-size Indian firms and intend to investigate the relationship between performance and degree of internationalization. Based on the longitudinal dataset (2005-12) of publicly listed firms, our findings suggested that mid-size firms remained stuck up in the first stage of internationalization and accordingly exhibit a downward-sloping relationship between internationalization’s degree and performance. Most of the mid-size firms continued to show a predominantly family-controlled stance, and the impact of family ownership shows negative effects on the degree of internationalization. By examining the performance heterogeneity in family-owned firms towards internationalization, this paper enriches the existing body of research and assume it to be a prolific addition in the literature on international expansion.

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Xie, Baoyi. "Can RMB’s Internationalization Have an Impact on China's Import Trade?" Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 9, no. 1 (May 14, 2023): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v9i1.8287.

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The internationalization of RMB is the unescapable consequence about the quick economic development of China. RMB internationalization has many influences on China, and the import trade is the direct object of RMB internationalization. This paper consists of three parts: expounds the meaning of internationalized RMB, the theoretical analysis of the RMB’s influence in the import business from exchange rate and trade distribution level, and the internationalized RMB effect in the way of import trade. For the verification of RMB internationalization’s influence int the domain of Chinese import trade, this thesis uses regression analysis to make the hypothesis that RMB internationalization has an effect on Chinese import trade, after this, finally obtains a significant negative correlation, the hypothesis is established.

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Suguku, David. "Pillar of Internationalization in Higher Education: The Contribution of International Collaborations and Online Delivery Approaches to Internationalization in HEIS." SHS Web of Conferences 156 (2023): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315605004.

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The trend towards internationalization is becoming increasingly important in HEI (higher education institutions ) and universities in many countries. As HEIs become more international, they are increasingly recognized as contributing to the competitiveness of its graduates. Conceptually, internationalization has long been understood as a focus on the transnational movement of individual students and scholars rather than as a strategy to influence higher education institutions and systems. The importance of internationalization in HEIs and universities has increased over the past two decades of globalization .The Internet will continue to play a significant role, opening opportunities to reach a wider global audience. Online and other forms of e-learning approaches continue to play a significant role, especially in the postCOVID_19 era. This calls for adapting some of the higher education policies to new realities of future competitiveness in higher education deliver, and to ensure the demands of the labor market especially towards digitalization trends in the realm of work are realized. This paper discusses the components of internationalizations, the rationale for embracing multiculturism in HEIs, internationalizations forms and drivers of Transnational Education (TNE) across different regions, contribution of collaborations and the Internet and contemporary modes of delivery in the growth of internationalization .

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Lin, Wen-Ting. "Family ownership and internationalization processes: Internationalization pace, internationalization scope, and internationalization rhythm." European Management Journal 30, no. 1 (February 2012): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2011.10.003.

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Normando, David. "Internationalization." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 4 (August 2014): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.013-014.edt.

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Fukagawa, Munemitsu. "Internationalization." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 62, no. 1 (1993): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.62.4.

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de Haan, Haijing (Helen). "Internationalization." Journal of Studies in International Education 18, no. 3 (September 10, 2013): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315313496571.

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Ilies, Laurean. "Internationalization." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 80, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.985.

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De Wit, Hans, and Fiona Hunter. "International(ization of) Higher Education at the Crossroads." International Higher Education, no. 78 (November 15, 2014): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2014.78.5796.

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Where international higher education broadly analyses international developments in higher education at the system level, internationalization can be seen as a subcategory of this work, focusing more specifically on the international rationales, approaches, strategies, activities and outcomes of higher education at the regional, national and institutional level, and (where possible) in a comparative perspective. This special issue of International Higher Education seeks to highlight new and innovative dimensions in internationalization. It also gives space to examine developments in internationalization of higher education in regions and countries that are less known than English speaking countries and Western Europe. And it illustrates the increasing importance and diversity of internationalization’s conceptual understandings and lived experiences in modern international higher education. This annual special issue is a collaboration between the Center for International Higher Education at Boston College and the Centre for Higher Education Internationalisation at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan.

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Jayasumana, T. K., and Y. R. H. Vijayan. "Internationalization of state contracts: Is internationalization reasonable?" International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 11, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.11.03.2021.p11164.

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Castiello-Gutiérrez, Santiago. "Purposeful Internationalization." Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education 11, Winter (March 14, 2020): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v11iwinter.1539.

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Internationalization strategies are becoming pervasive within HEIs, but a common thread that aligns diverse international activities with the essence of each institution’s public good mission is missing. Some Institutions enact an approach that challenges the current mainstream Anglo-American construct of internationalization while contributing to a greater public good.

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Beck, Kumari, and Roumiana Ilieva. "“Doing” Internationalization." SFU Educational Review 12, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/sfuer.v12i3.1031.

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In the context of an increasing commodification of education in a neoliberal academy, this paper explores the usefulness of frameworks for principled internationalization of higher education. We review recent theoretical analyses of ideologies and orientations of higher education internationalization as well as suggested approaches for principled and ethical internationalization as important signposts in that regard. We discuss data on the everyday experiences of internationalization of faculty, students and staff in one Faculty in Canada in light of these perspectives and propose guidelines that could influence internationalization practices in a more ethical and principled direction.

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Beck, Kumari. "Beyond Internationalization." Journal of International Students 11, S1 (May 21, 2021): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v11is1.3847.

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Despite the critiques generated in critical internationalization studies in response to the neoliberal and neocolonial orientation of internationalization of higher education, the direction of internationalization appears to be unchanged. This paper takes up the challenge of imagining internationalization otherwise by drawing from the field of post-development (PD) studies, which, it is argued, has parallels to the realities and debates on internationalization. An overview of the debates in PD and why they offer important ideas for critical internationalization studies will be followed by a discussion of how key analyses and arguments in PD can be applied to internationalization. This argument leads to the question of whether it is time to recognize an emerging post-internationalization movement, acknowledging that internationalization as we know it is in decline.

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Autio, Erkko, and Ivo Zander. "Lean Internationalization." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 17420. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.81.

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van Dick, Rolf. "Growing Internationalization." Journal of Personnel Psychology 9, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000001.

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Garson, Kyra. "Reframing Internationalization." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 46, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v46i2.185272.

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Canadian higher education has long been involved in international education, partnerships, and research and development projects; however, recent framing of international education as an industry generating revenues to prop up underfunded institutions is troubling. This approach is endorsed by provincial government strategies and bolstered by the federal government’s recent International Education Strategy, which promotes doubling the recruitment of international students by 2022 (Canada, 2014). While it is true that international students bring economic benefits to the institutions and communities that host them, we should also consider the challenges that this numbers game potentially presents for education. Many institutions now strive to internationalize; although this can encompass a broad range of activities, for many, the focus has been on increasing international student enrolment. This paper argues that there is a need to reframe internationalization in Canada in a way that would acknowledge the economic rationales, yet balance them with the social and academic outcomes necessary for all students to develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary for effective participation as professionals and citizens in increasingly multicultural and global contexts. For internationalization to fully reach its potential, a reframing of internationalization at home, informed by critical global citizenship education, may offer a way to realize the social and academic outcomes that would support an ethical, inclusive, and equitable approach moving forward.

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Pandit, Kavita. "Leading Internationalization." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 99, no. 4 (September 4, 2009): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045600903120552.

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Grobman, Laurie. "Beyond Internationalization." Journal of Business and Technical Communication 13, no. 4 (October 1999): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105065199901300403.

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Berg, John L. "Software internationalization." Computer Standards & Interfaces 14, no. 1 (February 1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5489(92)90029-d.

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May, Bruce E., and Diane R. May. "Implementing Internationalization." Journal of Transnational Management Development 2, no. 1 (June 6, 1996): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j130v02n01_03.

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Peterson, Patti McGill, and Robin Matross Helms. "Internationalization Revisited." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 45, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2013.764261.

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Li, Minglou. "RMB Internationalization." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 56 (December 22, 2023): 4–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.56.1.

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The internationalization of the renminbi (RMB) is viewed by some experts as a potential challenge to the US dollar's (USD) hegemonic status in the current global monetary system. This study employs a mixed theoretical framework to delve into the prospective evolution of China’s monetary influence. By applying the power transition theory to analyze the global monetary power structure, this study evaluates China’s dissatisfaction as a potential challenger against the dominance of the USD and examines the power parity between China and the United States. On a regional scale, the analysis focuses on possible Asian monetary integration of the RMB-domination by adopting the neofunctionalist paradigm derived from the European experience and juxtaposing this process with European monetary integration. The analysis shows that China has not been able to directly challenge the dominance of the USD, nor has it effectively spearheaded the agenda for regional monetary integration. More specifically, China’s export-oriented growth model has hindered the emergence of the RMB as a substantial competition to the USD within East and South Asia.

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Galdino, Katia M., Sérgio Fernando Loureiro Rezende, and Bruce T. Lamont. "Market and internationalization knowledge in entrepreneurial internationalization processes." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 7 (November 11, 2019): 1580–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-11-2018-0762.

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Purpose By bringing together the IB and IE literatures, the purpose of this paper is to examine the internationalization process as an entrepreneurial process related to the development of international opportunities. It explicitly connects different types of knowledge (i.e. market and internationalization), international opportunities and the internationalization process comprising both new foreign market entry and sequential moves that happen after entry. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper that reviews the literature on knowledge, opportunities and the internationalization process. Moreover, the paper identifies the current gaps in the literature and builds new theory that sheds light into how these three concepts are related. The paper also presents a model and propositions that should guide future research. Findings The proposed model shows that market and internationalization knowledge combine to form the international knowledge stockpile of the firm, which moderates the relationship between the development of international opportunities and the internationalization process, comprising not only new foreign market entry but also sequential moves that happen after entry using either mode continuation or modal shift. Moreover, it shows that the development of opportunities only leads to modal shifts after a certain threshold is achieved. Research limitations/implications The propositions suggest that market and internationalization knowledge are positively related to international opportunities, which, in turn, are related to foreign market entry and sequential moves using mode continuation. International opportunities, however, are related to modal shifts only beyond a threshold. Moreover, the international knowledge stockpile of the firm moderates the relationship between international opportunities and the internationalization process. Because this is a conceptual paper, the propositions have not been tested and, therefore, lack empirical validation. Nonetheless, the model is a starting point to new research on internationalization distinguishing different types of knowledge as well as different sequential moves. Originality/value This study shows that the internationalization process is contingent on the different types of knowledge associated with it. It also introduces the idea of a threshold that shapes the internationalization process. The bulk of the research on internationalization suggests that such a process is gradual and incremental. This study offers a non-linear alternative.

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Buckner, Elizabeth, and Sharon Stein. "What Counts as Internationalization? Deconstructing the Internationalization Imperative." Journal of Studies in International Education 24, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315319829878.

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This article examines how internationalization is defined by three leading higher education professional associations: NAFSA, the International Association of Universities, and the European Association of International Education. We examine key publications to understand which activities, topics, and constituencies are included in conceptualizations of internationalization and, conversely, which are absent. We find that all three rely on similar definitions that emphasize international students, student and scholarly mobility, and curricular change. We argue that current definitions are largely de-politicized and de-historicized, while internationalization is often assumed to mean more and better coverage of the globe. Little attention is given to the ethics of international engagement, particularly across unequal relations of power. We conclude with numerous questions for administrators and faculty engaged in internationalization that seek to deepen conversations about this work. In particular, we emphasize the importance of identifying enduring patterns of global inequality, recognizing ethical responsibilities, and enabling alternative possibilities.

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Járfás, Zsuzsanna. "Internationalization of Japanese Business Groups – Literature Review." Marketing – from Information to Decision Journal 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/midj-2018-0008.

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Abstract The internationalization of Japanese business groups (JBG) have been subject to intense scrutiny since JBG shot to world stage in the 1980’s. Studies on the internationalization of JBG have been fragmented in scope and have mainly focused on specific behaviors e.g. mode of market entry, knowledge creation, knowledge flows between headquarters and overseas subsidiaries, overseas market development and sales strategies, to name a few. Little attention has been paid, however, to explaining the reasons behind these behaviors. This literature review aims to contribute to filling this gap by recognizing the internationalization’s embeddedness in the country’s institutional environment, thus providing a more nuanced understanding of the drivers behind these behaviors as well as the intrinsic obstacles that may hinder the outcomes of these internationalization efforts. This study also hopes to answer the theoretical question called for by (Zaheer, Gözübüyük and Milanov, 2010) in their excellent work “It’s the connections: The network perspective in interorganizational research: “How do organizations balance the benefits of trust and embeddedness with the costs of lock-in and inflexibility with the same set of partners?” The holistic perspective of this review has wide ranging managerial implications in terms of effective intra-organizational dialogue, stakeholder management, organizational knowledge management, among others.

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Zhang, Xuan, Jia Yang, and Xuan Wang. "Enterprise Internationalization, Trademark Internationalization and Enterprise Value ---Based on Empirical Evidence of Listed Companies in Western China." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v7i1.981.

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Trademark internationalization is an important part of enterprise internationalization, and the degree of enterprise internationalization will inevitably affect the level of trademark internationalization. The practice shows that the degree of enterprise internationalization has different effects on the level of trademark internationalization and enterprise value. This article takes the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed enterprises in western China from 2010 to 2019 as the research object, discusses and empirically tests the impact of trademark internationalization on enterprise value, and analyzes the moderating effect of the degree of enterprise internationalization on the relationship between the two. The study found that the level of trademark internationalization has a positive impact on enterprise value, but the degree of enterprise internationalization will have a negative impact on the relationship between the level of trademark internationalization and enterprise value. Compared with non-high-tech enterprises, the degree of internationalization of high-tech enterprises has a more significant negative regulatory effect on the level of trademark internationalization and enterprise value.

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Si, Si. "The Realistic Demand and Practical Exploration of the Internationalization of Teachers in Vocational Colleges in the Context of the "Double-High Plan”." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 23 (December 13, 2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v23i.12725.

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The "Double-High Plan" puts forward new requirements for the internationalization of professional construction, the internationalization of training of high-quality technical talents, and the internationalization of management in vocational colleges. As the main body of the implementation of internationalization work, teachers are an important embodiment of the internationalization of colleges. Teachers' participation in internationalization activities is closely related to the realization of the internationalization development goals of colleges. Currently, there is a gap between the faculty of vocational colleges and the requirements of internationalization development of dual-higher education institutions in terms of top-level system design, internationalization construction goals and pathways, and individual professional competence. Through the joint efforts of the government, institutions, and teachers, the intrinsic motivation for the internationalization and development of the teaching force in vocational colleges will be stimulated.

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Chen, Yantai, Jing Li, and Ruoying Li. "Cluster Internationalization: Qualitative Review, Theoretical Direction, and the Rise of Emerging Markets’ Themes." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 10514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910514.

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The growing phenomenon of cluster internationalization has enriched the existing international business theories, but has also brought new puzzles and problems for these theories and perspectives. To synthesize what we do and do not know concerning cluster internationalization, we employed the qualitative content analysis method, systematically reviewing 348 articles published during the period 1990–2019, as well as 16,486 references. Our review examined five major areas, including citations, co-citations, theoretical foundations, co-occurrence networks, and three-phase research topics (pre-internationalization, internationalization, and post-internationalization) based on ten keywords. Moreover, we found that the research on the internationalization of emerging market clusters has shown a rising trend in recent years. We took China as an example to conduct in-depth research on three types of cluster internationalization (inward internationalization, outward internationalization, and overseas parks) with a view to expanding the academic perspective of the internationalization of emerging economic clusters. Finally, in order to promote further research on cluster internationalization, potential future themes related to cluster internationalization research are discussed.

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Olaore, Gbemi Oladipo, Bimbo Onaolapo Adejare, and Ekpenyong Ekpenyong Udofia. "Prospects and challenges of entrepreneurship internationalization on the competitiveness of SMEs." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 14, no. 3 (December 8, 2020): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjie-12-2019-0094.

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Purpose Global presence pursuit by Nigerian firms has increased the inquiry into internationalization. While a few implement regional presence, the pros and cons of full internationalization are evaluated. Giving the scarce empirical research, this paper aims to add to scholarly works and knowledge on internationalization and establish regional internationalization as the feasible option for Nigerian firms. Design/methodology/approach Random and stratified sampling techniques were used. Data collection was conducted with questionnaire copies and analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model. Findings Internationalization strategy enhances small and medium enterprises (SME’s) competitive advantage, and full internationalization seems unrealistic for Nigerian firms; however, regional internationalization is the bedrock for full internationalization. Finally, the nature of the Nigerian business environment developed an increased value creation process in SMEs through increased flexibility and problem-solving abilities. Practical implications SMEs should internationalize partially, and critically evaluate socio-cultural and institutional environmental challenges in this study, to enable them to strategize for full internationalization. Originality/value The study demonstrates that the only way to fast track the internationalization drive of SME’s in Nigeria is first to embrace regional internationalization because it is difficult to achieve full internationalization at a go. Then, apply appropriate strategies to embrace full internationalization in the nearest future.

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Galdino, Katia De Melo, Sérgio Fernando Rezende, and Bruce Lamont. "Market and Internationalization Knowledge in the Entrepreneurial Internationalization Process." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 16598. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.16598abstract.

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Khojastehpour, Morteza, and Raechel Johns. "From pre-internationalization to post-internationalization: relationship marketing perspective." Journal of Strategic Marketing 23, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0965254x.2014.914073.

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Zasluzhena, A. A., A. P. Sabitova, and V. M. Donchenko. "VIRTUAL INTERNATIONALIZATION AS A SPECIAL FORM OF COMPREHENSIVE INTERNATIONALIZATION." Innovate Pedagogy 1, no. 52 (2022): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2663-6085/2022/52.1.3.

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Galdino, Kátia de Melo, Sérgio Fernando Loureiro Rezende, and Bruce T. Lamont. "Pace of modal shifts in internationalization processes within a firm." Organizações & Sociedade 26, no. 88 (March 2019): 138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-9260887.

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ABSTRACT Our understanding of the temporal dimension of the internationalization of the firm is incomplete at best. Based on this knowledge gap, this article analyzes how the internationalization processes within a firm can be differentiated according to the pace of modal shifts. We built a qualitative, retrospective longitudinal, embedded case of the internationalization of a Brazilian medium-sized firm that established a footprint in 16 foreign markets over nearly three decades. We find that its internationalization processes can be classified into three groups as far as pace is concerned: an Unmovable Internationalization Process, an Inert Internationalization Process and an Accelerated Internationalization Process. We then call attention to a mismatch between the pace of learning and the modal shifts in the firm’s internationalization processes. Further, we suggest a new picture of the internationalization of the firm by proposing the existence of a number of internationalization processes that unfold at distinct paces within a single firm.

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Khojastehpour, Morteza, and Raechel Johns. "Internationalization and relationship marketing: an introduction." European Business Review 26, no. 3 (May 6, 2014): 238–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-05-2013-0087.

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Purpose – This paper aims to integrate the concepts of the internationalization process and relationship marketing (RM). It identifies two stages for internationalization (pre-internationalization and post-internationalization) and assigns RM components for each step. Design/methodology/approach – The study undertakes a review and synthesis of the extant literature examining internationalization and RM. It then identifies two stages of the internationalization process and its steps, associated with RM components. Findings – The study highlights that each step in the internationalization process requires appropriate RM component to be implemented successfully. Practical implications – Findings of this study highlight the importance of managing internationalization for firms intending to enter to foreign market and identify the issues that need to be understood, if firms are to effectively manage their internationalization strategy. Originality/value – The paper is the first to integrate the concepts of internationalization and RM and to identify the factors that make managing these two types of firm's strategy.

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Meng, Xiangfu, Mohd Zulkifli Muhammad, Ahmad Ridhuwan Abdullah, and Nurhaiza Nordin. "Issues and Suggestions on RMB Internationalization." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17687/jeb.v11i2.1050.

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Renminbi (RMB) is the official currency of China, issued and controlled by the People's Bank of China (PBOC). This study analyzes the current problems of RMB internationalization and puts forward suggestions through the status statement of RMB internationalization. This study finds that RMB internationalization has issues of a low level of internationalization, an underdeveloped financial system, and a need for supporting policies for RMB internationalization. In response to the above problems, the research suggests improving China's financial market and increasing openness, increasing policy support to promote RMB internationalization, and developing RMB internationalization cooperation projects.

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Jankowska, Barbara, and Cezary Główka. "Clusters on the road to internationalization – evidence from a CEE economy." Competitiveness Review 26, no. 4 (July 18, 2016): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-02-2015-0010.

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Purpose This paper aims to respond to the call for empirical research on cluster internationalization to learn more about the mechanism of cluster internationalization and the intensity of this process in a Polish context, which is specific due to Poland. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide a conceptual model of cluster internationalization and show results of their own primary, empirical and quantitative research on cluster internationalization in Poland. Findings The study reveals that Polish clusters are at the beginning of the internationalization process, particularly of the outward internationalization. The most popular mode of internationalization is exports. The level of Polish cluster internationalization operations is relatively low. Research limitations/implications Data were provided by cluster managers, but none of the cluster organizations had a reliable monitoring system for the international involvement of cluster members. These results are merely a snapshot; therefore, a longitudinal study should also be carried out. Social implications The research demonstrates that cluster companies can take advantage of internationalization operations performed by cluster organizations. The attempts of Polish government should be directed to push the internationalization of micros and small and medium-sized enterprises via cluster initiatives on the one hand and on the other hand to develop some kind of incentives for large companies to participate in cluster organizations as in reality exports are dominated by large firms. Originality/value The main value added of this paper consists in developing the conceptual model of cluster internationalization and applying the model in empirical research on the internationalization of Polish clusters. The study bridges the theory of firm internationalization, especially the approaches to firm internationalization with the theory of clusters. It offers insight into internationalization of clusters in Poland.

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Xia, Yuming. "Research and Solution of Management Problems in Huawei's "Internationalization" Business Development." BCP Business & Management 34 (December 14, 2022): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v34i.3003.

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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., as the representative of the successful internationalization of China's communication equipment manufacturing enterprises, its internationalization strategy and implementation experience are of great significance for Chinese enterprises to go global and realize the worldwide layout and development. This paper expounds and analyses Huawei's internationalization strategy from the perspectives of market internationalization, brand internationalization, R&D internationalization, and talent internationalization. Taking Huawei's entry into the global market as an example, it analyses the background, process, and problems of Huawei's internationalization development path and summarizes the experience and lessons. This paper will also help Huawei solve the existing issues from four aspects: strengthening international cooperation, combining with the national foreign policy, breaking through the research and development of core technologies independently or cooperatively, and applying the equity incentive system. This paper can provide a reference for the internationalization development path of Chinese enterprises and avoid similar problems and difficulties.

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Vanderstraeten, Johanna, Ellen Loots, Anaïs Hamelin, and Arjen van Witteloostuijn. "Micro-foundations of small business internationalization: introduction to the Special Section." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 27, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-04-2020-0100.

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PurposeWe introduce and summarize the selected papers of the Special Section on the “Micro-Foundations of Small Business Internationalization and briefly summarize the state-of-the-art of this literature stream.Design/methodology/approachWe briefly summarize the state-of-the-art of the literature regarding the micro-foundations of small business internationalization. Then, we summarize the selected papers of the Special Section, highlighting their main contributions. We end with suggesting future research avenues.FindingsWe move beyond the usual suspects such as gender, education and experience to bring together internationalization studies that open up the individual lens to small business internationalization. To do so, we selected papers examining deeper-level behavioural and psychological constructs impacting the internationalization process, going from internationalization intention to internationalization behaviour and eventually leading to internationalization performance.Originality/valueWe stress the importance of the entrepreneur as a person to better understand small business internationalization. We address the current lack of attention attributed to psychological and behavioural drivers (e.g. motives, attitudes, ambitions and aspirations) throughout the internationalization process, and we urge future researchers to further develop this research stream.

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Tan, Xianjun, Denis Andrew D. Lajium, and Vincent Pang. "Brief Introduction on the Internationalization of Local Universities in China." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.111.16222.

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Local Universities are the main body of the higher education institutions in China. Under the guidance of the national policy, local universities have implemented educational internationalization. The development of educational internationalization, the implementation of educational internationalization, the sustenance mechanism of educational internationalization and problems of educational internationalization in the local universities of China are introduced in this research. Under the “Belt and Road” initiative, local universities in China should take various measures to develop educational internationalization.

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van den Berghe, Douglas, and Rob van Tulder. "The Geography of Foreign Direct Investment: A Tripartite Framework." Journal of International Business and Economy 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2002): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2002.1.1.

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Patterns in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) over the 1990s reveal three internationalization strategies: classic internationalization, emerging internationalization and competitive internationalization. The evolving tripartite framework enables to position internationalization strategies, FDI theories and, a number of emerging issues related to FDI and globalization in their geographical context. The three internationalization strategies simultaneously shape, although not necessarily to the same extent, nor in a similar fashion, current globalization. Driven by ‘regionalism’ among homogeneous blocks (in particular among the European Union member states and between the EU and the United States) ‘competitive internationalization’ is arguably the most salient feature of globalization at the end of the 20th century.

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Freitas, Denise de. "STRATEGIES IN SEARCH FOR INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 42, suppl 1 (2015): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912015s01008.

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Introduction: Internationalization is the process which integrates universal, intercultural or global dimension in a program, in this case, postgraduate. It can be understood as the process of increasing participation in international operations. Method: To offer design and motivational logistics on how to run a process of international scientific relationship. Results: It is necessary to develop several different aspects to be reached internationalization: to know the fundamentals of internationalization; to have international vision; to promote strategy for internationalization; to know the characteristics of an institutional center of internationalization; and to understand the institutional advantages of internationalization. Conclusion: Internationalization is essential to aerate the Brazilian postgraduate and not mischaracterize or weakens the process. On the contrary, it contributes to increase its vitality and capacity for innovation. Today is not possible to imagine science without internationalization.

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Andres, Beatriz, Raul Poler, and Eduardo Guzman. "The Influence of Collaboration on Enterprises Internationalization Process." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052843.

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At present, competitive globalized environments force enterprises to make more effort to both set up collaborative processes among networked partners and open their borders to the internationalization process. With this participation in internationalization processes, a set of barriers emerges that enterprises must overcome, particularly SMEs. The internationalization barriers are classified in four main dimensions, namely, strategy, technology, partners and product, which are considered to establish relationships between the internationalization and the collaborative processes. Accordingly, the research objective is to analyse the extent to which collaboration with international partners facilitates the internationalization process. A research survey was held with Spanish manufacturing SMEs to assess the internationalization of operations by establishing collaborative processes in global networks. Two surveys were conducted to analyse collaboration and internationalization concepts, and the influences among them: (i) a first survey, designed to validate the posed hypothesis about the relation between internationalization and setting up collaborative processes; (ii) a second survey, devised to perform a descriptive analysis that identifies less-applied collaborative processes in SMEs by establishing internationalization activities. The study results reveal that collaboration positively influences the internationalization process, and identifies the collaborative processes that are less performed among the partners that internationalize their operations.

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Erguvan, Elif Betul, and Jacob Reid. "Catch the Internationalization Train”: The Impact of Internationalization on Administrators’ Decision Making in Georgia." Journal of Education in Black Sea Region 7, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/jebs.v7i2.260.

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Over the past few decades, education institutions have responded to the challenges and opportunities of globalization through the process of internationalization. This qualitative study explores how administrators in higher education institutions in the country of Georgia understand and practice internationalization. Though often overlooked in internationalization studies, administators play a key role as interpreters of internationalization, government policies, and their institutional mission. Though respondents defined internationalization in a variety of ways, there was considerable overlap in practice. Their institutions employ several common tools of internationalization (e.g., exchange programs, collaborative research, benchmarking). Georgian administrators sought to enhance academic quality by facilitating an intercultural environment on the domestic campus, usually through mobility programs. HEIs in the study also use internationalization to evaluate their institutions, improve university practices, and compete more effectively. When making decisions, participants find themselves balancing government expectations, their university mission, and contextual constraints. Given Georgian universities’ high aspirations and limited budgets, it is recommended that administrators prioritize internationalization opportunities that can serve multiple purposes. It is also recommended that administrators consider ways to internationalize the curriculum and promote internationalization at home so that a wider array of students and staff can benefit from the university’s internationalization activities.

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Leask, Betty, and Ariane de Gayardon. "Reimagining Internationalization for Society." Journal of Studies in International Education 25, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10283153211033667.

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To reimagine means, literally, to reassess, rethink, and recreate. It implies a need for radical change and innovation. In this special issue, authors explore the possibilities of connecting internationalization to society, for the benefit of society. Hitherto, much of the literature published on internationalization has been essentially inward looking, focused on how students and institutions experience internationalization and how they benefit, or not, from it. The papers in this issue explore a broader vision for internationalization, one focused also on the real and potential impact of internationalization activities on local and global communities. In different ways, each of the articles contributes to a new vision for internationalization, through the important process of reimagining internationalization for society.

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Zhou, Chao. "Internationalization and performance: evidence from Chinese firms." Chinese Management Studies 12, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-04-2017-0098.

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Purpose This paper aims to test the internationalization–performance relationship based on data of Chinese firms and the impact of firm size on the internationalization–performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses overseas subsidiaries as a percentage of total subsidiaries to measure the degree of internationalization. As the overseas subsidiaries and total subsidiaries data of Chinese A-share listed firms are not available in any existing databases, the author hand-collected information on subsidiaries of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms from their annual financial reports during 2001-2014. The basic accounting and market information is collected from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research Database. This paper finally gets 535 manufacturing firms. Findings The empirical results suggest that the internationalization–performance relationship is W-shaped in overall samples, but varies with firm size. Specifically, the internationalization–performance relationship is W-shaped in small firms and U-shaped in large firms. Research limitations/implications Future studies based on unlisted Chinese firms or other measurement of internationalization may provide further understanding of the internationalization–performance relationship. Practical implications Policymakers should help small firms prepare a long-term internationalization strategy, giving more support for small firms in the first and third phases of internationalization and helping them to reach the second and fourth phases. Policymakers should also pay more attention to limit the aggressive internationalization behavior of large firms. Originality/value This study provides new evidence for the internationalization–performance relationship by using the unique longitude sample from China and the unique measurement of internationalization. We also highlight the importance of firm characteristics in the examination of internationalization–performance relationship, which provides a potential explanation for previous mixed evidence.

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Varas-Fuente, Oscar Javier, Raquel Arguedas-Sanz, and Beatriz Rodrigo-Moya. "Analysis of the Influence of the Moment the Internationalization Process Begins on the Internationalization Intensity of Family and Nonfamily Businesses: An Approach Using a Tobit Model." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 4 (October 10, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040133.

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The specific characteristics of family businesses as well as the internationalization path followed can influence the intensity of the internationalization process. Many studies have analyzed how family character can influence the internationalization process of family businesses, and the results obtained have not been conclusive. Nevertheless, previous research has not sufficiently addressed the influence that the moment of initiation of the internationalization process has on the levels of internationalization achieved. Based on the behavioral agency model, the unique set of business resources (familiness), and the socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspective, this study examines, the internationalization intensity of family and nonfamily businesses in two defined groups (early internationalization and internationalization from the local market). Likewise, the effect that the entry of the second generation has on the internationalization of these companies is analyzed. To perform this analysis, Tobit regression models are estimated from a data set of panel data from the Spanish Survey on Business Strategies for small and medium-sized Spanish family businesses from 2005 to 2016, finding that family ownership and management have a negative influence on the intensity of exports, regardless of the path of internationalization followed, and that the entry of new generations has a positive relationship with the level of internationalization of these businesses. Finally, implications of the findings for research and management are discussed.

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Zayachuk, Yuliya. "Internationalization of higher education at the institutional level: the example of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Pedagogics, no. 36 (2022): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vpe.2022.36.11555.

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The work is devoted to the study of the issue of internationalization as a crucial component of the university activities. It is emphasized that researchers comprehend the internationalization of higher education at the supranational, continental, national, institutional, and individual levels. The institutional level of internationalization of higher education, its essence and strategy are analyzed in detail. It is emphasized that current university should find its own strategy of internationalization and understand that the prospect of its inclusion to the global education system also depends on this. It is shown that institutional level of internationalization of higher education includes the policy of a particular educational institution and structural subdivisions dealing with the strategy of its international activity. It has been found that institutional-level rationales driving internationalization are international profile and reputation, student and staff development, strategic alliances, research, knowledge production, and income generation. The approaches to internationalization of higher education at the institutional level such as activities, outcomes, rationales, programs, and process are highlighted and the examples of program and organizational strategies are provided. The institutional level of internationalization of higher education is analyzed in detail on the example of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. Its program, organizational strategies and tools for their implementation are shown. Some results of the study, conducted by the author in September 2021, namely a survey of students at Ivan Franko National University of Lviv on the changes in higher education and its internationalization are also presented. Keywords: higher education, internationalization, levels of internationalization, institutional level of internationalization, strategies.

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Abdul Rahim, Abu Bakar, and Abdul Talib Asmat Nizam. "A Case Study of an Internationalization Process of a Private Higher Education Institution in Malaysia." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 15, no. 3 (December 11, 2013): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5444.

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The increasing competition and commercialization of higher education has led to the internationalization of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) around the world. While internationalization appears to be inevitable, differences are apparent in its definitions, depth, scope and mode. The main aim of this paper is to assess the internationalization efforts of Malaysian HEIs through a case study on the internationalization process of one private HEI. The case highlights various weaknesses of the internationalization effort in the institution. The symptoms and the causes of the problems in the institution corroborate similar findings in other studies involving the internationalization of HEIs. Suggestions and recommendations are presented to enable other organizations that wish to undertake similar internationalization efforts to learn from the case study institution’s experience.

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Lakshman, Duleepa, Janak Kumarasinghe, and Rukmal Weerasinghe. "Internationalization of SMEs: Relevance of the Theories and Antecedents." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 23, no. 11 (April 28, 2023): 62–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i11978.

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Scholars have paid close attention to developing several theories and models for the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises. These theories and models explain the firm strategic directions and gradual process of international expansion. This theoretical literature review aims to comprehensively examine the wide array of literature relating to theories and models of SME internationalization and the antecedents of internationalization. This study looks at the connections and contrasts between various internationalization theories and models, discusses their shortcomings, and provides theory-based insights to SMEs in understanding the internationalization process. Further, this paper examines the different antecedents of SME internationalization and prior empirical validations of those antecedents. According to the literature analysis, it has been identified that most SME internationalization studies are done in developed countries. Moreover, most of the internationalization theories and models are built in developed countries by observing the behavior of large firms. Hence, most of these theories and models may be insufficient to explain SME success in developing and emerging markets. Further, companies currently use more strategic approaches (such as joint ventures, and strategic alliances) to internationalize their operations. As a result, it is argued that the existing internationalization literature and theories are insufficient to explain the internationalization of SMEs in developing countries in the modern world.

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Aisyah, Esy Nur, Imam Mukhlis, and F. Danardana Murwani. "A Review of International Mode of Entry Strategies for SMEs in East Java." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 29, no. 7 (April 27, 2023): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2023/v29i71102.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the internationalization of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in East Java from both theoretical and practical perspectives. By analyzing existing literature and utilizing empirical data from earlier studies, this study seeks to deepen our understanding of the subject matter. The methodology of this study involves rigorous examination of the most recent theories and models, supplemented by empirical analysis of existing research on internationalization of SMEs. Various theories and models, ranging from classical to contemporary approaches, are explored in relation to the internationalization strategy of SMEs in East Java, and different entry modes for internationalization. The theoretical framework of this study is anchored on the resource-based view and network theory. This study uses content analysis of the latest theories and models coupled with empirical analysis of studies on the internationalization of SMEs that have been conducted. Several theories and models, both classical and new approaches, link the internationalization strategy of SMEs in East Java and several entry modes for internationalization. This theory is based on a resource-based view and network theory. The result of this study is East Java's SME internationalization strategy is hampered by various obstacles and issues, as per documented evidence. While the entry mode for internationalization hinges on networking, numerous SMEs in the region choose to network autonomously, as empirical data suggests. This study aims to provide policymakers, especially the government, with workable ideas for a long-term, proactive strategy to ensure the success of SMEs' internationalization in East Java. Empirical data proposes that limited knowledge about markets, trade regulations, communication barriers, financing, and transportation infrastructure supporting internationalization pose the most common challenges faced by SMEs in Indonesia. Consequently, the entry networking strategy mode is the key to independent internationalization for SMEs. This study contributes to a theoretical and practical review of SME internationalization mode entry strategies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Internationalization'

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