Journal articles: 'International Year of Astronomy'

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Folger, T. "INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: Astronomy's Greatest Hits." Science 323, no. 5912 (January 16, 2009): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.323.5912.326.

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Robson, Ian. "International Year of Astronomy 2009." Astronomy & Geophysics 48, no. 4 (August 2007): 4.30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48430.x.

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Russo, Pedro, Catherine Cesarsky, and Lars Lindberg Christensen. "SpS2-The International Year of Astronomy 2009." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (November 2009): 559–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310010744.

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The International Astronomical Union (IAU) launched 2009 as the International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) under the theme, The Universe, Yours to Discover. IYA2009 marked the 400th anniversary of the first astronomical observation through a telescope by Galileo Galilei. It has been, and still is, a global celebration of astronomy and its contributions to society and culture, with a strong emphasis on education, public engagement and the involvement of young people, with events at national, regional and global levels throughout the whole of 2009. UNESCO endorsed IYA2009 and the United Nations proclaimed the year 2009 as the International Year of Astronomy on 20 December 2007. These proceedings aim to give a brief account of IYA2009, from its inception to the present and how its legacy will influence the future of astronomy communication on a planet-wide scale.

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unattributed. "Celebrating the 2009 International Year Astronomy." Astronomy Education Review 5, no. 2 (September 2006): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/aer2006030.

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Cho, A., and D. Clery. "INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: Astronomy Hits the Big Time." Science 323, no. 5912 (January 16, 2009): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.323.5912.332.

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MacIsaac, Dan. "2009 is the International Year of Astronomy." Physics Teacher 47, no. 4 (April 2009): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3099670.

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Heenatigala, Thilina, and Mike Simmons. "Global Astronomy Month - An Annual Celebration of the Universe." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012101.

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AbstractOne of the most successful global outreach efforts in history was the International Year of Astronomy 2009. With the momentum created by this year long program, it was important to take the efforts to coming years. The Astronomers Without Borders organization captured the energy of the International Year of Astronomy 2009 and refocused it as an ongoing annual celebration of the Universe by organizing Global Astronomy Month, a worldwide celebration of astronomy in all its forms, every April. In 2010, the program saw professionals and amateur astronomers, educators and astronomy enthusiasts from around the globe participating together in the spirit of International Year of Astronomy 2009 and provided a global stage for established programs and a framework for partnerships. The 2011 version of the program saw much bigger participation with several global partner organizations joining in creating more than 40 global level programs throughout the month. Within a short period of two years, Global Astronomy Month has evolved to a much needed global platform after International Year of Astronomy 2009.

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Gingerich, Owen. "Kepler, Galileo and the birth of modern astronomy." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002250.

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AbstractThe International Year of Astronomy marks the 400th anniversary of Kepler's Astronomia nova and the first use of the telescope for astronomy, most notably leading to Galileo's Sidereus nuncius (1610). Kepler's book for the first time argued strongly for a physical basis to astronomical explanations. Galileo's work showed that a coherent understanding was more important for scientific progress than specific proofs. The efforts of both astronomers undermined the traditional geocentric cosmology and essentially brought about the birth of modern astronomy.

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Krons, Aivars. "VISUALIZATION IN ASTRONOMY AT GENERAL SCHOOL." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 6, no. 2 (August 15, 2009): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/09.6.31a.

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This is an International Year of Astronomy (IYA 2009) when we pay great attention to astronomy education. The International Year of Astronomy is a year-long celebration of astronomy, taking place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei. Author presents a modern approach to teaching astronomy and planetary sciences, centered on visual images and simulations of planetary objects. The basic idea is to take the students to other celestial objects as tourists, and to teach science through the observations of various natural phenomena in these new environments. The power of scientific visualization, through still and dynamic images, makes such a journey an exciting learning experience. The introduction of new technologies (3D animations, virtual reality) greatly enhances the visualization capabilities the teacher can use, allowing him to simulate actual flights over the terrain of other planets and to study them as if observing from a spaceship in orbit. The present article focuses on the study of the Moon, planets, asteroids and Galaxies by means of observations, interpretations, and comparison to planet Earth. Students learn to recognize geological and atmospheric processes, discuss astronomic phenomena, celestial bodies and discover that the same basic physical laws govern all objects in the Solar system and Universe. Key words: interactive learning, astronomy, telescope, astronomy education, scientific visualization, virtual reality (VR).

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Johnson, John Asher. "International Year of Astronomy Invited Review on Exoplanets." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 121, no. 878 (April 2009): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/598984.

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Kepler, S. O. "Astronomy in Brazil." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, T27B (May 14, 2010): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310004795.

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AbstractAstronomy in Brazil grew to around 500 astronomers in the last 30 years and is producing around 200 papers per year in refereed journals. Brazilian astronomers are participating in several international collaborations and the development of instrumentation is on the rise.

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Robinson, Brian. "Radio Astronomy and the International Telecommunications Regulations." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 196 (2001): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900164125.

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For forty years radio astronomers have had access to frequency bands allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - initially a League of Nations body (from 1919) and then a United Nations body (since 1945). Hard work and skilful negotiation by a handful of radio astronomers since 1959 have ensured viable access to scarce spectral allocations. There have been many battles won, some key battles lost. The next treaty conference of the ITU is in the year 2000.

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Ribeiro, V. A. R. M., C. M. Paulo, A. M. A. R. Besteiro, H. Geraldes, A. M. Maphossa, F. A. Nhanonbe, and A. J. R. Uaissine. "Introducing Astronomy into Mozambican Society." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131100278x.

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AbstractMozambique has been proposed as a host for one of the future Square Kilometre Array stations in Southern Africa. However, Mozambique does not possess a university astronomy department and only recently has there been interest in developing one. South Africa has been funding students at the MSc and PhD level, as well as researchers. Additionally, Mozambicans with Physics degrees have been funded at the MSc level. With the advent of the International Year of Astronomy, there has been a very strong drive, from these students, to establish a successful astronomy department in Mozambique. The launch of the commemorations during the 2008 World Space Week was very successful and Mozambique is to be used to motivate similar African countries who lack funds but are still trying to take part in the International Year of Astronomy. There hare been limited resources and funding, however there is a strong will to carry this momentum into 2009 and, with this, influence the Government to introduce Astronomy into its national curriculum and at University level. Mozambique's motto for the International Year of Astronomy is “Descobre o teu Universo”.

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Gonick, L., and W. Alschuler. "INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY: A Brief History of the Telescope." Science 323, no. 5912 (January 16, 2009): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.323.5912.330.

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Gavrilov, Michael G. "The International Astronomy Olympiad." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311003085.

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AbstractThe International Astronomy Olympiad (IAO) is an annual scientific-educating event for students of the junior high-school classes, aged 14–18 years. The Euro-Asian Astronomical Society founded the IAO in 1996. The Olympiad includes an intellectual competition between these students. The style of the problems is aimed at developping the imagination, creativity and independent thinking.

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Harrison, Richard, Andy Breen, Barbara Bromage, and Joe Davila. "2007: International Heliophysical Year." Astronomy & Geophysics 46, no. 3 (June 6, 2005): 3.27–3.30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2005.46327.x.

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Knight, Peter. "Editorial – International Year of Light." Contemporary Physics 56, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2015.1017984.

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Hyklová, Petra, and Martin Šolc. "František Nušl, Vice-President of the IAU 1928–1935, and inventor of the circumzenithal telescope." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000310.

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AbstractThe Czech astronomer František Nušl (1867–1951) was professor of mathematics, practical astronomy and geometrical optics at Prague Charles University. His scientific contribution to astronomy consisted mainly of inventing and constructing of new astronomical and geodetical instruments. Together with his friend Josef Jan Frič, founder of the Ondřejov Observatory, he developed and improved the circumzenithal telescope (1899–1903–1906–1922–1932), a portable instrument with a mercury horizon for determining the geodetic position using the Gauss method of equal altitudes. This instrument won the gold medal at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne in Paris in 1937. Nušl, independently of Ernst Öpik, invented the wobbling mirror for determining the velocity of meteors by visual observation, and constructed an unique guiding system for the Ondrejov astrograph etc. The organizational activities of Frantisek Nušl were considerably rich, too: He was one of the founders of the Czech Astronomical Society in 1917, in the years 1922–1948 he served as its president. From 1918 until his retirement in 1937 he was the director of the Ondrejov Observatory, 40 km south of capital city of Prague, lectured astronomy at the Prague university and held many popular lectures including regular courses in radio broadcasting. František Nušl was member of several commisions of international scientific unions; he organized the 3rd General Assembly of IUGG (International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics) in Prague 1927, and in IAU (International Astronomical Union) he was elected as Vice-President in the years 1928–1935. One can conclude that he was the main person who formed the Czech astronomy in the interwar period.

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Pović, M., P. Nkundabakura, and J. Uwamahoro. "Status of astronomy in Rwanda and volunteer work at Kigali Institute of Education (KIE)." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012022.

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Until 2009, astronomy was undeveloped in Rwanda, without astronomy courses at universities and schools, astronomical facilities, or any outreach programmes. With the international year of astronomy in 2009, Dr. Pheneas Nkundabakura and Dr. Jean Uwamahoro from the KIE Maths-Physics department, both graduates from the South African NASSP Programme (http://www.star.ac.za), started a program of implementing the astronomical knowledge at schools and universities. During the same year 2009, IAU donated 100 galileoscopes for the secondary schools, and several astronomy workshops were organised for the teachers. IAU donated also 5 laptops to help students and lecturers to learn and use astronomy software. With this, KIE students have now a possibility to choose astronomy/space science for their undergraduate final year research projects. Moreover, there is an ongoing effort to look for further collaboration towards establishing the first astronomical facility (observatory) in the country.

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Hiscott, Laura. "International quantum year proposed for 2025." Physics World 34, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 8i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/34/12/09.

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Green, Lucie. "International Heliophysical Year is here." Astronomy & Geophysics 48, no. 2 (April 2007): 2.21–2.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48221.x.

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Bretones, Paulo S., Luiz C. Jafelice, and Jorge E. Horvath. "Ten Years Of Latin-American Journal Of Astronomy Education RELEA: Achievements And Challenges For International Astronomy Education Development." Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE) 3, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jaese.v3i2.9844.

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This study reviews 10 years of Latin-American Journal of Astronomy Education (RELEA), showing that the journal has become a valuable resource for publishing and highlights its pathway as scholarly journal. Furthermore, it is also a call to astronomy education specialists to consolidate their efforts considering similar journals worldwide. Publishing policies of the RELEA and their context are presented in relation to submission, refereeing and publication. The 75 articles published in 18 editions are analyzed and classified. The results showed an acceptance rate of 60.2%; an average of 7.5 articles per year/4.2 per issue. RELEA´s authors are mostly based in Brazil (81.3%); articles target chiefly a school level (university education: 28.0%, high school: 28.0%); their main study focus is learning and teaching (34.7%) and general astronomy content (33.3%). Our results show that compared to other Brazilian journals of education, RELEA had twice as much astronomy articles. In the international scene there has been about a half of astronomy education research, but twice of astronomy in science education research. The challenges related to improve the article submission are discussed: how to increase their number, the submission of Latin American countries, and how to bring in the issues and subjects not addressed until now. It is also encouraged graduate studies, new lines of research in astronomy education, and advertising the journal in universities and schools for professors and teachers. Finally, future possibilities are mentioned given the International Astronomical Union’s development programs.

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Cesarsky, Catherine. "Reflections on 100 years of IAU." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000103.

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AbstractOne hundred years ago, the International Astronomical Union was created, one of the very first Unions dedicated to the advancement of a discipline and the promotion of international collaboration and exchange. In 100 years, astronomy has made huge progress, and the IAU has greatly expanded in volume and purpose. In recent years, it has become more and more active in education, astronomy for development and dissemination of astronomy to a large public.

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Williams, Robert. "The IAU in the 21st Century." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000127.

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AbstractBeginning in year 2000 the IAU undertook a number of initiatives that changed the Union from being primarily an inward-focused organization whose emphasis was the world of professional astronomy, to being more outward looking in engaging with the public. These initiatives included proposing to the United Nations and then leading the International Year of Astronomy IYA 2009, and the formulation of a Strategic Plan that included creation of the Office of Astronomy for Development. Additional programs are being undertaken by the Union that continue to broaden IAU engagement with the public.

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Ribeiro, Valério A. R. M., and Cláudio M. Paulo. "Astronomy in Mozambique." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012186.

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AbstractWe present the state of Astronomy in Mozambique and how it has evolved since 2009 following the International Year of Astronomy. Activities have been lead by staff at University Eduardo Mondlane and several outreach activities have also flourished. In 2010 the University introduced its first astronomy module, Introduction to Astronomy and Astrophysics, for the second year students in the Department of Physics. The course has now produced the first students who will be graduating in late 2012 with some astronomy content. Some of these students will now be looking for further studies and those who have been keen in astronomy have been recommended to pursue this as a career. At the university level we have also discussed on the possibility to introduce a whole astronomy course by 2016 which falls well within the HCD that the university is now investing in. With the announcement that the SKA will be split between South Africa with its partner countries (including Mozambique), and Australia we have been working closely with the Ministry of Science and Technology to make astronomy a priority on its agenda. In this respect, an old telecommunications antenna is being converted by the South Africa SKA Project Office, and donated to Mozambique for educational purposes. It will be situated in Maluana, Mozambique.

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Whiteoak, J. B., and H. L. Sim. "Brian John Robinson 1930 - 2004." Historical Records of Australian Science 17, no. 2 (2006): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr06006.

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In a half-century involvement in radio astronomy, Brian Robinson achieved international recognition and received many honours. During a forty-year career at CSIRO Division of Radiophysics, he undertook leading research, headed the Astrophysics Group, and contributed significantly in the Australia Telescope planning and funding campaign. Internationally, he distinguished himself in radio astronomy committees and negotiations to protect radio astronomy observations from interference from telecommunication transmissions.

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Baldacchino, Godfrey, and Alexander Gatt. "Islands of Astronomy." Island Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (2009): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.229.

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A global review of islands and their connections with astronomy throughout history up to the contemporary times suggests eight compelling, distinct yet interlocking reasons why islands have been and remain so important to astronomy and astronomers. Islands constitute favourable locations for various types of astronomy-related activities: from tracking satellites and monitoring significant celestial events, to providing exceptional locations to jurisdictions with mandated dark and unpolluted skies. They appeal for their favourable longitude and (especially southern) latitude, as well as for their disposition towards the conditions that the scientific community may expect in an ideal world: relatively clear viewing conditions from a secure, self-contained platform that is, however, endowed with connectivity. This article is written as a contribution to the International Year of Astronomy (2009).

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Fierro, Julieta. "Conveying astronomy to the public." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002973.

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AbstractThe International Year of Astronomy offers us a unique chance to carry out outreach projects in great scale and, to think about new ways to improve our efforts. In this paper I present a few considerations on my activity as a popularisation person. I address its importance and I will emphasize on radio, television and public lectures. I also stress certain ingredients I believe popularisation must include; it must be interesting, diverse, simple, pertinent, and be peer reviewed.

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Stachowski, Greg, and Aniket Sule. "The impact on education of Astronomical Olympiads and the International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics." EPJ Web of Conferences 200 (2019): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920001011.

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Astronomical Olympiads and similar competitions for highschool students have been run in some countries for more than half a century, and last year marked the tenth anniversary of the largest such competition with global reach, the International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics. The effect of these has been to reach out to a large number of school students who might not otherwise have considered astronomy as a subject; help maintain a high, guided standard of astronomy education even in countries where astronomy is not (or no longer) on the curriculum; and to encourage those students who participate to strive harder and pursue astronomy further by giving them goals to aim for, rewarding their efforts with medals, recognition and participation in the international events in interesting locations and, above all, showing them that there are many other students just like them both in their own country and around the world. Many of the students go on to careers in astronomy education or research. We believe that Astronomy Olympiads are a very valuable element in the astronomy education framework which can be used to further the common goal of sustaining and growing the astronomical community.

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Atanacković, Olga. "Astronomy development in Serbia in view of the IAU Strategic Plan." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012125.

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AbstractAn overview of astronomy development in Serbia in view of the goals envisaged by the IAU Strategic Plan is given. Due attention is paid to the recent reform of education at all levels. In the primary schools several extra topics in astronomy are introduced in the physics course. Attempts are made to reintroduce astronomy as a separate subject in the secondary schools. Special emphasis is put to the role and activities of the Petnica Science Center the biggest center for informal education in SE Europe, and to a successful participation of the Serbian team in International astronomy olympiads. Astronomy topics are taught at all five state universities in Serbia. At the University of Belgrade and Novi Sad students can enroll in astronomy from the first study year. The students have the training at the Ondrejov Observatory (Czech Republic) and at the astronomical station on the mountain Vidojevica in southern Serbia. Astronomy research in Serbia is performed at the Astronomical Observatory, Belgrade and the Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade. There are about 70 researchers in astronomy in Serbia (and about as many abroad) who participate in eight projects financed by the Ministry of Education and Science and in several international cooperations and projects: SREAC, VAMDC, Belissima (recruitment of experienced expatriate researchers), Astromundus (a 2-year joint master program with other four European universities), LSST. One of the goals in near future is twinning between universities in the SEE region and worldwide. The ever-increasing activities of 20 amateur astronomical societies are also given.

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Ortiz-Gil, Amelia, Pere Blay, A. Teresa Gallego Calvente, Miquel Gómez, José Carlos Guirado, Mariana Lanzara, and Silvia Martínez Núñez. "Astronomical activities with disabled people." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002729.

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AbstractAs we celebrate the International Year of Astronomy, we have been working on four different projects with the goal of making astronomy more accessible to people with special needs. These projects are 1) an astronomy book and web site for blind people, 2) an open source software for people with motor disabilities, 3) a planetarium program for the visually impaired and 4) educational material for intellectually disabled people.

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Pompea, Stephen M., and Douglas Isbell. "The International Year of Astronomy 2009:New Approaches and Novel Resources for Physics Classrooms." Physics Teacher 47, no. 7 (October 2009): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3225501.

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Davidson, J. A., and E. F. Erickson. "SOFIA: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 140 (1994): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100020170.

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SOFIA will be a 2.5 meter telescope installed in a Boeing 747 aircraft. It will replace NASA’s smaller Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), which for the past 18 years has provided the only routine access to most of the vital infrared spectrum (1 - 1000 µm). The aircraft platform opens a valuable window to the universe by enabling measurements of infrared radiation from celestial sources which the Earth’s atmosphere absorbs at lower altitudes. SOFIA will have 10 times the sensitivity and 3 times the angular resolution of the KAO throughout most of the infrared spectrum.SOFIA will be operated during its 20 year lifetime as an international facility for astronomy. It would fly 160 astronomy missions per year for about 50 science teams, selected by annual peer review. Nearly a third of these teams will furnish the observatory with specialized instrumentation, including array cameras, polarimeters, and several types of spectrometers. The frequent flight opportunities with state-of-the-art instruments guarantee extensive community participation and hands-on training of young scientists.

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Longair, Malcolm. "100 Years of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000097.

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AbstractAstronomy, astrophysics and cosmology have changed out of all recognition over the last 100 years. The IAU has provided an essential means of fostering international collaboration in these disciplines including times of international tension. Developments will be highlighted which have profoundly changed our understanding and insight into the workings of our Universe.

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Branscomb, Lewis M. "Insider notes on the International Geophysical Year." Physics Today 61, no. 2 (February 2008): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2883877.

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Banks, Michael. "Worldwide impact for International Year of Light." Physics World 29, no. 11 (November 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/29/11/19.

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Korsmo, Fae L. "The Genesis of the International Geophysical Year." Physics Today 60, no. 7 (July 2007): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2761801.

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Duldig, Marc. "Antarctic Cosmic Ray Astronomy." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 947–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600017718.

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AbstractCosmic ray observations related to Antarctica commenced in the austral summer of 1947-48 from sub-Antarctic Heard and Macquarie Islands and from the HMAS Wyatt Earp. Muon telescope observations from Mawson station, Antarctica, followed from 1955. The International Geophysical Year was the impetus for the installation of a number of neutron monitors around Antarctica, observing the lowest energy cosmic rays accessible by ground based instruments. In 1971 a new observatory was built at Mawson including the only underground muon telescope system at polar latitudes in either hemisphere. Over more than half a century, cosmic ray astronomy has been undertaken from Antarctica and its surrounding regions and these observations have been critical to our growing understanding of the heliosphere.

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Cidale, Lydia S. "Jorge Sahade: First Latin American IAU President." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000243.

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AbstractProf. Jorge Sahade (1915–2012) was the first Latin American President of the International Astronomical Union (1985–1988). From then on, he had a very active participation as president, vice-president, and organizing committee member of several Commissions and Divisions of the IAU, related to stellar astrophysics and exchange of astronomers. Prof. J. Sahade was born in Argentina and was one of the first students graduated in astronomy at the National University of La Plata. He served as director of the Astronomical Observatory of Córdoba (1953–1955) and of the Observatory of La Plata (1968–1969). He was the first Dean of the Faculty of Exact Sciences of the National University of La Plata. He promoted the purchase of a 2.15-m diameter telescope, today located in the Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito, San Juan, Argentina. He founded the Institute of Astronomy and Physics of Space (IAFE) in Buenos Aires and was its first director (1971–1974). He was also director of the “Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales” (the Argentina Space Activity Agency) and promoted the inclusion of Argentina as a partnership of the Gemini Observatory. Prof. Sahade also focused on the development of the astronomy in Latin America and this led to the creation of the “Liga Latinoamericana de Astronomía” (nowadays LIADA).His research field was interacting binary systems and he published about 150 papers, among them is the well-known discovery of the “Struve-Sahade effect”. I met him when he was 70 years old; he was a very enthusiastic astronomer, who travellled everywhere to promote the astronomy in Latin America (Argentina, Perú, Honduras). Among his last dreams was the creation of a Latin American Institute to develop and enhance astrophysics in South and Central America, the revival of UV astronomy and many more impressive works that he would have liked to end and publish.

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Tuohy, Ian R. "Space Telescopes: an International Perspective." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 8, no. 1 (1989): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000022827.

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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to review current and planned Space Astronomy missions from an international perspective, with principal attention to the programs of the USA, Europe, Japan and the USSR. The review focusses on extra-solar astrophysics, and the capabilities and broad research objectives of numerous individual spacecraft are described. These collectively span more than seventeen decades in wavelength and thus provide an essential complement to ground-based astronomy. Many of the missions offer significant opportunities for Australian participation via three complementary routes. First through Guest Investigator programs analogous to that offered for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Second, through the proposed establishment of an Australian Space Astronomy Data Centre to gain access to archival data from HST and other missions (the creation of such an archival facility in Canada is highlighted as a pertinent example). Third, via the contribution of instrumentation or ground support services. This latter category includes the Radioastron VLBI mission for which an agreement with the USSR has already been signed. In addition, an unprecedented opportunity has arisen for Australia to provide a ground station for the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), due to be launched by ESA in 1993. In return for providing this service, the Australian astronomical community would receive a guaranteed share of the ISO observing time during the two year mission. Finally, Australian astronomers have been invited to contribute an advanced All-sky X-ray Monitor for the Soviet Spectrum-X-Gamma mission in 1993. This opportunity, and also the Radioastron initiative, have arisen under the USSR-Australia Space Research Agreement signed in December 1987.

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Webb, David F. "DIVISION II / IAU REPRESENTATIVE REPORT INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, T27A (December 2008): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308025386.

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The International Heliophysical Year (IHY) is an international program of scientific research and collaboration to understand the external drivers of the space environment and climate. Its activities were centered on the year 2008, the 50th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year. The IHY involves utilizing the existing assets from space and ground as a distributed Great Observatory and the deployment of new instrumentation, new observations from the ground and in space, and public and student education. The IHY officially was launched in February 2007 with an opening ceremony and workshop in Vienna. Many IHY activities, both scientific and educational, have occurred since then. In practice, these activities have taken place over the last several years, and the programs that have been established through the IHY will continue into the future as ‘legacies’ of the IHY.

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Walker, Constance, and Stephen Pompea. "Outcomes from the IYL2015 Quality Lighting Teaching Kit Program: Reaching for the Stars." EPJ Web of Conferences 200 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920001007.

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Poor quality lighting not only impedes astronomy research and our right to see a starry night sky, but creates safety issues, affects human circadian sensitivities, disrupts ecosystems, and wastes billions of dollars/year in energy consumption. It also leads to excess carbon emissions. How do you change the mindset of society that is used to turning night into day? You educate the next generation on quality lighting. As an outcome of the International Year of Light 2015, the U.S. National Optical Astronomy Observatory’s Education and Public Outreach group has produced a Quality Lighting Teaching (QLT) Kit. The kits are designed around problem-based learning scenarios. The kit’s six activities allow students to address real lighting problems that relate to wildlife, sky glow, aging eyes, energy consumption, safety, and light trespass. The activities are optimized for 11-14 year olds, but can be expanded to younger and older. All materials are in English and Spanish. Most of the activities can be done within in a few minutes during class or afterschool in the form of stations or as stand-alones. Everything one needs for the six activities is included. Tutorial videos on how to do the activities can be found at www.noao.edu/education/qltkit.php. Ninety-two kits have been distributed to 32 countries with the help of SPIE–The International Society for Optical Engineering, CIE–International Commission on Illuminations, OSA–The Optical Society, IDA–the International Dark Sky Association, and the IAU OAD–Office of Astronomy Development. Highlights from the initial program evaluation will be discussed.

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Dacey, James. "International Year of Glass gets cracking in Geneva." Physics World 35, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 15ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/35/03/14.

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Ferreira, Orlando Rodrigues, and Marcos Rincon Voelzke. "CTS-Astro: Astronomia no enfoque da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade e análises sobre o Ano Internacional da Astronomia 2009-Brasil." Revista de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática 3, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/rencima.v3i3.389.

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O trabalho enfoca a Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade a partir da Astronomia numa abordagem que os autores denominam de CTS-Astro. Igualmente considera que a Astronomia extrapola os limites da própria Ciência, visto encaminhar para reflexões relativas à própria existência, fundamentação filosófica embasada no princípio antrópico do Universo.Na seqüência, discorre sobre o Ano Internacional da Astronomia 2009 no Brasil e seus resultados. Em 2003, Brasil, Itália e França encaminharam à Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura-UNESCO uma petição para 2009 ser considerado como o Ano Internacional da Astronomia, por ocasião dos 400 anos das primeiras observações telescópicas realizadas, em 1609, por Galileu Galilei (1568-1642). O International Year of Astronomy 2009 envolveu 148 países e mais de 815 milhões de pessoas, ocasionando uma integração sem precedentes na História entre as áreas científicas, tecnológicas e humanas.O Brasil teve destacado desempenho, mas, mesmo após alguns anos, os inúmeros dados do país ainda são passíveis de estudos e análises, por exemplo, como os impactos positivos em variados setores da sociedade se tornaram permanentes como ações agregadas em diversas instituições, quais Escolas, Universidades, Observatórios, Planetários, Museus de Ciências e Clubes de Astronomia, entre outras.

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Leeuw, Lerothodi L., and Jarita Holbrook. "The Role of the IAU Gleaned From Oral Histories of Individuals Involved in Astronomy in South Africa." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000371.

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AbstractThe South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO), formerly known as the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, will be 200 years old in 2020. Also, South Africa (SA), formerly a British colony known as the Cape of Good Hope, will celebrate her 100-year anniversary as an International Astronomical Union (IAU) member in 2020, following the IAU centenary in 2019 that this IAU Symposium 349 celebrates. In light of all this, particularly in anticipation of the 200-year anniversary of SAAO in 2020, the SA National Research Foundation (NRF) has developed a Roadmap for the History of Astronomy in South Africa. As part of this we are conducting an oral history of astronomers to complement the historical celebrations of the institutions and science relating to astronomy in SA, supported by the SA NRF. Primarily drawing on literature and setting the scene for this work, here we present a snippet of the on-going oral histories, to glean the role of the IAU in astronomy in South Africa and show the potential of the oral histories to inform and complement written history.

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Gerbaldi, Michèle, Jean-Pierre DeGreve, and Edward Guinan. "International Schools for Young Astronomers Teaching for Astronomy Development: two programmes of the International Astronomical Union." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131100295x.

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AbstractThis text outlines the main features of two educational programmes of the International Astronomical Union (IAU): the International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA) and the Teaching for Astronomy Development programme (TAD), developed since 1967.The main goal of the International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA) is to support astronomy (education and research) in developing countries in organizing a 3-week School for students with typically M.Sc. degrees.The context in which the ISYA were developed changed drastically during the last decade. From a time when access to large telescopes was difficult and mainly organized on a nation-basis, nowadays the archives of astronomical data have accumulated at the same time that many major telescope become accessible, and they are accessible from everywhere, the concept of virtual observatory reinforcing this access.A second programme of the IAU, Teaching for Astronomy Development (TAD), partially based on a School, but also of shorter duration (typically one week) has a complementary objective. It is dedicated to assist countries that have little or no astronomical activity, but that wish to enhance their astronomy education. The fast development of the TAD programme over the past years is emphasized.

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Baghbani, Hasan, Mahdi Rokni, Akihiko Tomita, and Maryam Hadizadeh. "21 Years Activity of the ITAU Activities." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (December 2019): 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000661.

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AbstractITAU, the Iranian teacher’s astronomy union, has attempted for many years to introduce astronomy to the teachers and students not only in Iran but also around the world by providing various materials and projects. The primary goal of ITAU is also to protect the environment with a help of students; therefore, first, try to change the attitude of students. SINA, Student’s International Network for Astronomy, will follow the goals.

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Marov, M. Ya, and I. I. Shevchenko. "The XXVII general assembly of the IAU: The central event of the international year of astronomy." Solar System Research 44, no. 4 (August 2010): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0038094610040088.

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Nuritdinov, Salakhutdin N. "A 100-Year Astronomical-Data Bank: Collaboration Possibilities and Some Problems." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000869.

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Our Department of Galactic astronomy and Cosmogony of the Astronomical Institude of Uzbek Academy of Sciences has rich photo meterials obtained over more than 100 years by two telescopes (Normal Astrograph with F= 3500 mm, D= 330 mm and Zeiss Double Astrograph with F= 3000 mm, D= 400 mm). The main objects studied are: 1Open and Globular star clusters,2Regions of the Milky Way and the Pulkovo Observatory program.3Comets and Asteroids4Planets and their Satellites.There are also astronomical data received in the framework of a number of International programmes. Now we are working out some research-complex programmes of these objects. We are ready to collaborate on these programmes.

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Efimenko, V. "175 years of the astronomical observatory of the Kyiv university." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Astronomy, no. 60 (2019): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/btsnua.2019.60.06-14.

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In 2020, the Astronomical Observatory celebrates its 175th anniversary. The first director of the observatory was a student of the founder of the Pulkovo Observatory, Academician V.Ya. Struve Vasily Fedorovich Fedorov. Under his leadership, a site for the observatory was selected, a project was developed (by architect V. Beretti), a main building was constructed, and basic observatory astronomical instruments were commissioned. He also prepared and taught basic astronomy and surveying courses for university students. After him at the university, the post of professor of astronomy and director of the Astronomical Observatory was occupied by well-known astronomers A.P. Shidlovsky, M.F. Handrikov, R.P. Vogel, S.D. Chornyi. The main area of scientific research since the foundation of the observatory until the 1940s was astrometry and theoretical astronomy. With the arrival at the University of Kiev in 1939, the already well-known astronomer S.K. Vsekhsviatsky, along with existing scientific trends, astrophysical studies began. He started studying the small bodies of the solar system, physics of the sun and solar activity, astrophysics at the University of Kiev. The most important scientific achievements of the astronomers of the university include the work of determining the orbits of celestial bodies, the meridian observations of stars to create and maintain the celestial coordinate system, numerous observations of solar eclipses, which created the concept of dynamic solar corona, observing comets and meteors, application of the general theory of relativity in astronomy, development of the theory of gravitational lensing, opening of comets and participation in the international scientific project of the European Space Agency “Rosetta” on the research of Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

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Journal articles on the topic 'International Year of Astronomy'

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