Relevant bibliographies by topics / International Year of Astronomy, 2009

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'International Year of Astronomy, 2009'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "International Year of Astronomy, 2009"

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Robson, Ian. "International Year of Astronomy 2009." Astronomy & Geophysics 48, no. 4 (August 2007): 4.30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2007.48430.x.

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Russo, Pedro, Catherine Cesarsky, and Lars Lindberg Christensen. "SpS2-The International Year of Astronomy 2009." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (November 2009): 559–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310010744.

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The International Astronomical Union (IAU) launched 2009 as the International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) under the theme, The Universe, Yours to Discover. IYA2009 marked the 400th anniversary of the first astronomical observation through a telescope by Galileo Galilei. It has been, and still is, a global celebration of astronomy and its contributions to society and culture, with a strong emphasis on education, public engagement and the involvement of young people, with events at national, regional and global levels throughout the whole of 2009. UNESCO endorsed IYA2009 and the United Nations proclaimed the year 2009 as the International Year of Astronomy on 20 December 2007. These proceedings aim to give a brief account of IYA2009, from its inception to the present and how its legacy will influence the future of astronomy communication on a planet-wide scale.
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unattributed. "Celebrating the 2009 International Year Astronomy." Astronomy Education Review 5, no. 2 (September 2006): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/aer2006030.

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MacIsaac, Dan. "2009 is the International Year of Astronomy." Physics Teacher 47, no. 4 (April 2009): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3099670.

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Heenatigala, Thilina, and Mike Simmons. "Global Astronomy Month - An Annual Celebration of the Universe." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012101.

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AbstractOne of the most successful global outreach efforts in history was the International Year of Astronomy 2009. With the momentum created by this year long program, it was important to take the efforts to coming years. The Astronomers Without Borders organization captured the energy of the International Year of Astronomy 2009 and refocused it as an ongoing annual celebration of the Universe by organizing Global Astronomy Month, a worldwide celebration of astronomy in all its forms, every April. In 2010, the program saw professionals and amateur astronomers, educators and astronomy enthusiasts from around the globe participating together in the spirit of International Year of Astronomy 2009 and provided a global stage for established programs and a framework for partnerships. The 2011 version of the program saw much bigger participation with several global partner organizations joining in creating more than 40 global level programs throughout the month. Within a short period of two years, Global Astronomy Month has evolved to a much needed global platform after International Year of Astronomy 2009.
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Krons, Aivars. "VISUALIZATION IN ASTRONOMY AT GENERAL SCHOOL." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 6, no. 2 (August 15, 2009): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/09.6.31a.

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This is an International Year of Astronomy (IYA 2009) when we pay great attention to astronomy education. The International Year of Astronomy is a year-long celebration of astronomy, taking place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei. Author presents a modern approach to teaching astronomy and planetary sciences, centered on visual images and simulations of planetary objects. The basic idea is to take the students to other celestial objects as tourists, and to teach science through the observations of various natural phenomena in these new environments. The power of scientific visualization, through still and dynamic images, makes such a journey an exciting learning experience. The introduction of new technologies (3D animations, virtual reality) greatly enhances the visualization capabilities the teacher can use, allowing him to simulate actual flights over the terrain of other planets and to study them as if observing from a spaceship in orbit. The present article focuses on the study of the Moon, planets, asteroids and Galaxies by means of observations, interpretations, and comparison to planet Earth. Students learn to recognize geological and atmospheric processes, discuss astronomic phenomena, celestial bodies and discover that the same basic physical laws govern all objects in the Solar system and Universe. Key words: interactive learning, astronomy, telescope, astronomy education, scientific visualization, virtual reality (VR).
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Ribeiro, V. A. R. M., C. M. Paulo, A. M. A. R. Besteiro, H. Geraldes, A. M. Maphossa, F. A. Nhanonbe, and A. J. R. Uaissine. "Introducing Astronomy into Mozambican Society." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131100278x.

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AbstractMozambique has been proposed as a host for one of the future Square Kilometre Array stations in Southern Africa. However, Mozambique does not possess a university astronomy department and only recently has there been interest in developing one. South Africa has been funding students at the MSc and PhD level, as well as researchers. Additionally, Mozambicans with Physics degrees have been funded at the MSc level. With the advent of the International Year of Astronomy, there has been a very strong drive, from these students, to establish a successful astronomy department in Mozambique. The launch of the commemorations during the 2008 World Space Week was very successful and Mozambique is to be used to motivate similar African countries who lack funds but are still trying to take part in the International Year of Astronomy. There hare been limited resources and funding, however there is a strong will to carry this momentum into 2009 and, with this, influence the Government to introduce Astronomy into its national curriculum and at University level. Mozambique's motto for the International Year of Astronomy is “Descobre o teu Universo”.
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Cui, Xiangqun. "CSTAR and future plans for Dome A." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (November 2009): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310010860.

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AbstractThe first set of Chinese Antarctic telescopes at Dome A is called CSTAR. It consists of four 14.5 cm wide-field telescopes and was installed at Dome A during the traverse of 2007/2008. CSTAR successfully operated for 135 days in 2008 and for more than 200 days in 2009. This paper briefly introduces recent developments in Chinese Antarctic astronomy and their international collaborative activities. It also describes future plans for Dome A, as the building of Kunlun Station began in January of this year.
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Ferreira, Orlando Rodrigues, and Marcos Rincon Voelzke. "CTS-Astro: Astronomia no enfoque da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade e análises sobre o Ano Internacional da Astronomia 2009-Brasil." Revista de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática 3, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/rencima.v3i3.389.

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O trabalho enfoca a Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade a partir da Astronomia numa abordagem que os autores denominam de CTS-Astro. Igualmente considera que a Astronomia extrapola os limites da própria Ciência, visto encaminhar para reflexões relativas à própria existência, fundamentação filosófica embasada no princípio antrópico do Universo.Na seqüência, discorre sobre o Ano Internacional da Astronomia 2009 no Brasil e seus resultados. Em 2003, Brasil, Itália e França encaminharam à Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura-UNESCO uma petição para 2009 ser considerado como o Ano Internacional da Astronomia, por ocasião dos 400 anos das primeiras observações telescópicas realizadas, em 1609, por Galileu Galilei (1568-1642). O International Year of Astronomy 2009 envolveu 148 países e mais de 815 milhões de pessoas, ocasionando uma integração sem precedentes na História entre as áreas científicas, tecnológicas e humanas.O Brasil teve destacado desempenho, mas, mesmo após alguns anos, os inúmeros dados do país ainda são passíveis de estudos e análises, por exemplo, como os impactos positivos em variados setores da sociedade se tornaram permanentes como ações agregadas em diversas instituições, quais Escolas, Universidades, Observatórios, Planetários, Museus de Ciências e Clubes de Astronomia, entre outras.
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Williams, Robert. "The IAU in the 21st Century." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000127.

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AbstractBeginning in year 2000 the IAU undertook a number of initiatives that changed the Union from being primarily an inward-focused organization whose emphasis was the world of professional astronomy, to being more outward looking in engaging with the public. These initiatives included proposing to the United Nations and then leading the International Year of Astronomy IYA 2009, and the formulation of a Strategic Plan that included creation of the Office of Astronomy for Development. Additional programs are being undertaken by the Union that continue to broaden IAU engagement with the public.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International Year of Astronomy, 2009"

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Aguiar, João Henrique Catraio Monteiro. "Anni Iano: um estudo de caso sobre as temporadas culturais franco-brasileiras de 2005 (Brésil, Brésils) e de 2009 (França.Br2009)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3917.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
As manifestações culturais e a cultura, em geral, têm adquirido relevância e protagonismo nas relações internacionais contemporâneas. Tal fenômeno possibilitou maior quantidade de pesquisas, teorias e trabalhos no campo das Relações Internacionais dedicadas a essa dimensão. Almeja-se com este trabalho contribuir com uma análise no plano das Relações Culturais Internacionais, enfocando o Ano do Brasil na França (2005) e o Ano da França no Brasil (2009). Através da análise destas duas temporadas culturais, analisa-se a densidade dessa profunda relação histórica entre Brasil e França, marcada pelos cálculos estratégicos de ambos os países. Esta pesquisa pretendeu mostrar que as temporadas culturais tornaram-se um dos modelos de diplomacia cultural adequados aos desafios da nova ordem global. Por isso, foi feito um estudo de caso sobre as temporadas franco-brasileiras de 2005 e 2009, através de pesquisa monográfica teórico-histórica; a qual demonstrou como as referidas temporadas culturais conciliam forças culturais em oposição na atualidade, ao mesmo tempo em que promoveram o intercâmbio cultural.
The cultural events and the culture, in general, have acquired relevance and leading role in the contemporary international relations. This phenomenon permitted largest amount of researches, theories, and works, on the field of International Relations, dedicated to this dimension. Aiming in this work to contribute with an analysis in terms of Cultural International Relations, it will be focus the Year of Brazil in France (2005) and the Year of France in Brazil (2009). Through this analysis of the two cultural seasons the density of this profound historical relation (between Brazil and France) marked by strategic calculations of both countries have been analyzed. The research intention was to show that cultural seasons have turned into one of the models of cultural diplomacy adequate to the challenges of the new global order. For that, it was done a case study on the French-Brazilian seasons of 2005 and 2009, through a monographic and theoretical-historical research, through which it was shown that the cultural seasons have been conciliating cultural seasons in opposition nowadays, at the same time it have been promoting the cultural exchange.
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Books on the topic "International Year of Astronomy, 2009"

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Unesco, ed. International year of astronomy 2009. Garching bei München: International Astronomical Union, 2009.

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UNESCO. International year of astronomy 2009: Final report, executive summary. [Garching bei München: IAU IYA2009 Secretariat, ESO education and Public Outreach Department], 2010.

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Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek, Zentrum für Astronomie (Heidelberg, Germany), and Klaus Tschira Stiftung, eds. Himmlisches in Büchern: Astronomische Schriften und Instrumente aus sechs Jahrhunderten : eine Ausstellung der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg und des Zentrums für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH) zum Internationalen Jahr der Astronomie 2009. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2009.

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G, Gibbs Michael, and Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Meeting, eds. Preparing for the 2009 International Year of Astronomy: A hands-on symposium : proceedings of a symposium and related workshops held in St. Louis, Missori, USA, 1-5 June 2008, in conjunction with the 212th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society. San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2008.

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Angelini, L., Andrea Comastri, and Massimo Cappi. X-Ray astronomy-2009: Present status, multi-wavelength approach and future perspectives : proceedings of the international conference, Bologna, Italy, 7-11 September 2009. Edited by Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (Italy) and Università di Bologna. Dipartimento di astronomia. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2010.

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Debattista, Victor P., and Cristina C. Popescu. Hunting for the dark: The hidden side of galaxy formation : proceedings of the international conference, Qawara, Malta, 19-23 October 2009. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2010.

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United Nations. Office for Outer Space Affairs., ed. Planetarium, a challenge for educators: A guidebook published by the United Nations for International Space Year. New York, NY: United Nations, 1992.

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Zelʹdovich, I︠A︡. B. (I︠A︡kov Borisovich), ed. The sun, the stars, the universe, and general relativity: International conference in honor of Ya. B. Zeldovich's 95th anniversary, Minsk, Belarus, 20-23 April 2009. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2010.

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Nechitailenko, Vitaly, ed. International Conference "Electronic Geophysical Year: State of the Art and Results". Moscow: Geophysical Center RAS, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2205/2009-regyconf.

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Physics, American Institute of, ed. The Monster's fiery breath: Feedback in galaxies, groups, and clusters : proceedings of the international conference : Madison, Wisconsin, 1-5 June 2009. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "International Year of Astronomy, 2009"

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Montesinos, B. "Contributions of the Spanish Astronomical Society to the International Year of Astronomy 2009." In Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, 237–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11250-8_24.

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van Huizen, P. "Netherlands State Practice for the Parliamentary Year 2008–2009." In Netherlands Yearbook of International Law Volume 41, 2010, 241–323. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-737-1_10.

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Smith, Clayton, and Edward Jackson. "The Southern Reference Star Program: a 20-Year International Project Nearing Completion." In Fundamental Astronomy and Solar System Dynamics, 277–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4688-0_7.

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Goss, W. M., Claire Hooker, and Ronald D. Ekers. "The Royal Society: Europe and North America, 1954." In Historical & Cultural Astronomy, 361–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07916-0_24.

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AbstractIn the year 1954 Pawsey was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society and we provide some details on the nomination process that led to his election. Later that year Pawsey travelled to Europe and North America, leading the Australian delegation to the URSI General assembly in The Hague and re-establishing his International contacts.
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Schilizzi, Richard T., Ronald D. Ekers, Peter E. Dewdney, and Philip Crosby. "Transition to a Science Mega-Project, 2006–2012." In The Square Kilometre Array, 105–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51374-9_4.

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AbstractFollowing the “Grass-roots” astronomer-led phase of global collaboration in the SKA project described in the previous Chapter, the transition of SKA to a science mega-project (the “Transition Era”) began in 2006. Three governance entities operated in conjunction in this period (i) the International SKA Steering Committee, (ii) the funding agencies acting collectively in a group, and (iii) the European Commission-funded SKA Preparatory Phase (PrepSKA) Board. This culminated in an Agreement at the end of 2011 amongst the funding agencies and governments to establish a legal entity for the project, the SKA Organisation (SKAO), in the UK in the form of a Company Limited by Guarantee, with governance vested solely in the company. The third phase of governance, the “Pre-Construction Era”, followed until January 2021 when a new governance arrangement, an Inter-Governmental Organisation, came into force for the construction and operation of the SKA Observatory.In this Chapter, we describe the Transition Era in terms of its evolving governance, the major activities carried out, bumps along the road including the US decision at the end of 2011 not to join the SKAO, and the first year of the Pre-Construction Era in 2012. The first major decision of the new SKAO, in mid-2012—where the SKA telescope would be located—is described in Chap. 8.
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Lesmanaputri, Evilia, Yie Ke Feliana, and Stefanus Budy Widjaja Subali. "The Effect of Convergence to International Financial Accounting Standards on Information Asymmetry–Evidence from Indonesian Companies Listed in the IDX from 2015–2019." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 55–62. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_8.

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AbstractSince 1994, Indonesian financial accounting standards has referred to as International Accounting Standards/IAS (or International Financial Reporting Standards/IFRS started in 2001). Then, as a G20 member commitment, Indonesia took a more major step by developing standards that have been convergence to IFRS since 2009. A special breakthrough was done in 2015 as the gap between the IFRS, and Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards is only one year. Higher quality of accounting standards and financial reporting information is expected to decrease the information asymmetry in the capital market. This study aims to examine the effect of IFRS convergence on changes in information asymmetry. This study's sample consisted of 725 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2019 across industries. The cost of capital was used as a proxy for information asymmetry. This study shows that IFRS convergence has no significant effect on changes in information asymmetry. Macro control variables, i.e., inflation rate and market rate of return, also have no significant effect on changes in information asymmetry. However, the firm-specific control variables, i.e., firm size, leverage, and ROA, have a significant positive effect on information asymmetry, while beta has a significant negative effect. It argues that Indonesian investors could not make a difference in the quality of financial reporting.
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Kroczek, Wacław Jan, and Robert Young. "Validation of 113-Year Old Israel Kristal as the World’s Oldest Man." In Demographic Research Monographs, 285–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_20.

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AbstractThis book chapter provides a detailed description of the discovery, research, and validation of the case of Mr. Israel Kristal of Israel, 113, as the World’s Oldest Man titleholder for Guinness World Records. In this chapter, we show how modern scientific age validation criteria were applied to prove the credibility of the claims made about Mr. Kristal’s age. Due to the hardships Mr. Kristal faced in his early life, validating his age proved to be extremely difficult. While the first attempts to validate Mr. Kristal’s age were made in early 2014, a breakthrough in these investigative efforts did not occur until January 2016. To validate his age, the Gerontology Research Group contacted not only Mr. Kristal’s family, but also international institutions specializing in genealogical research. A special note of appreciation should go to the Jewish Records Indexing in Poland for their contributions to this investigation. As a result of this international cooperation, sufficient early-life, middle-life, and late-life evidence was obtained to meet modern validation standards. Israel Kristal was finally recognized as the oldest living man in the world on Mar. 11, 2016 (retroactive to Jan. 19, 2016). Israel Kristal is the second validated supercentenarian in the history of Israel, after Dr. Maria Pogonowska (1897–2009), who was also born in Poland. In addition, he is the current longevity record-holder of Israel.
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Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood. "Intertextual Relations (2009)." In International Theory at the Margins, 183–92. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529229813.003.0011.

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The editors of a modest Danish journal (no longer published) commissioned essays for a project imaginatively called ‘The Nines’. They had noticed that major statements of international theory appeared in the ninth year of most decades in the last century. 1989 was the year Friedrich Kratochwil published Rule, Norms and Decisions, and the author published World of Our Making—books largely responsible for launching constructivism in the field of International Relations. That same year saw publication of a symposium volume, called International/Intertextual Relations, staking out a poststructuralist stance for the field. For poststructuralists, the world is a text subject to as many readings as there are readers; there is no grand narrative. For the author, every text is embedded in a story; modernity is a grand narrative; the volume gets a sympathetic if critical reading.
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Lintonen, Raimo. "Helvi Sipilä." In Portraits of Women in International Law, 209—C16N31. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868453.003.0016.

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Abstract Helvi Sipilä (1915–2009) was a Finnish lawyer, an advocate of women’s rights, whose achievements have remained largely unexplored. She held important positions in the UN as chair of the Commission on the Status of Women, its Rapporteur on family planning, and as chair of the Third Committee of the General Assembly. She took part in drafting of and steering the UN Declaration against Discrimination of Women, which later formed the basis for a legal convention, and solidified family planning as women’s right, expanding the reproductive rights of women. She became in 1972 the first female Assistant Secretary-General of the UN, and was in charge of the International Women’s Year conference in Mexico City in 1975. It was the first UN conference focusing on women, a turning point in enlarging and consolidating a broader international regime for women. Criticizing the dominance of the economistic approach in the UN, Sipilä advocated an international human and social order, based on a women-centric world view.
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Halim, Hasliza Abdul, Noor Hazlina Ahmad, and T. Ramayah. "Unlocking the “Base-of Pyramid” Readiness." In International Business Strategy and Entrepreneurship, 240–48. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4753-4.ch015.

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The potential of the Base-Of Pyramid (BOP) community cannot be realized without an entrepreneurial orientation – an orientation that aims to create market and promote innovation. In line with the notion of the world is searching for avenues for profitable growth and innovation, converting the BOP into active entrepreneurs will foster innovations in business models (Simanis & Milstein, 2012). Realizing this situation, the Malaysian government stated the ambition of becoming a developed nation by the year 2020, and thus, the government has to accelerate their transition into an innovation-based economy. Poverty eradication has become the most important issue in Malaysia. In fact, Malaysia has embarked on many poverty eradication programmes, evidenced by the sharp decline in the incidence of poverty from 52.4% in 1970 to 12.4% in 1992 and further decreased to 3.8% in 2009 (Tenth Malaysia Plan, 2011). Under the Government Transformation Program (GTP), Malaysian government has established Rural Transformation Program (RTP) to reduce the extreme hardcore poor household to zero and also to halve the number of the BOP community. In this manner, Rural Transformation Centre (RTC) was introduced to optimize the potential of rural areas as the generator and growth of new economy. Although Malaysia has done remarkably well, there are challenges to serve this segment in which they need specific interventions to increase attention to eliminate inequalities between rich and poor. Hence, this chapter unlocks and explores the BOP community readiness to venture into business development.
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Conference papers on the topic "International Year of Astronomy, 2009"

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Walker, Constance E., Robert T. Sparks, and Stephen M. Pompea. "Optics Education in the International Year of Astronomy." In Education and Training in Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/etop.2007.esd4.

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Price, Aaron. "The AAVSO International GRB Network." In GAMMA-RAY BURST AND AFTERGLOW ASTRONOMY 2001: A Workshop Celebrating the First Year of the HETE Mission. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1579376.

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Weisskopf, Martin C., A. Comastri, L. Angelini, and M. Cappi. "Chandra: Ten Years of Amazing Science with a Great Observatory." In X-RAY ASTRONOMY 2009; PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES: Proceedings of the International Conference. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3475333.

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"Preliminary HAWC 1st year catalog." In HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY: 6th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4969014.

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Mosoia, Cătălin, Elisabeta Ana Pica, Magda Stavinschi, Vasile Mioc, Cristiana Dumitrache, and Nedelia A. Popescu. "Romania before the International Year of Astronomy." In EXPLORING THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE UNIVERSE. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2993702.

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Paneque, David, Hyuga Abe, Shotaro Abe, Jayant Abhir, Victor A. Acciari, Ivan Agudo, Tommaso Aniello, et al. "The MAGIC of VHE gamma-ray astronomy: 20 years, 200 peer-reviewed publications and beyond." In 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.444.0624.

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Walker, Constance E., Robert T. Sparks, and Stephen M. Pompea. "Optics education in the International Year of Astronomy." In Tenth International Topical Meeting on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, edited by Marc Nantel. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2207493.

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Unknown, Unknown, Sarapuu Tago, and Piksoot Jaanika. "IMPROVING STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUALISATIONS BY MANIPULATIONS IN A VIRTUAL WEB-BASED ENVIRONMENT." In eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-072.

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Many studies have shown the trend that students’ conceptualisations of scientific phenomena are limited to the ontological category of objects. The ontological category of processes, on the other hand, is not developed enough to build valid scientific mental models (Chi , 2005; Ferrari and Chi, 1998; Vosniadou, 1991). A correct conceptualisation of any scientific concept results from a proper understanding of object properties and processes involving these objects. Moreover, Pata and Sarapuu (2003) have raised the problem that the traditional way to teach science is usually focused on the ontological category of objects. The active-learning idea, coming from constructivism, predicts that virtual manipulations improve deeper learning (Evans and Gibbons, 2007). With interactive activities, learners are the main actors of their own construction of scientific concepts. According to this approach, deeper conceptualisation will be enhanced when manipulations are possible. In the context of web-based learning, some manipulatives, which are defined as movable representations or movable objects on the computer screen (Moyer et al., 2002), can be used to create interactivity. This study investigates the students’ ontological understanding in a virtual learning environment and the effect of manipulatives on the students’ construction of ontological conceptions. More precisely, this work attempts to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the learners’ understanding about ontological category of objects comparing to ontological category of processes? (2) How do manipulatives and non-manipulatives help learners to conceptualise through ontological categories? A process-based virtual learning environment, “Cell World” (http://bio.edu.ee/models/fr/), was applied by 59 French students of junior year of high school in sciences (aged 16-17). The sample consisted of students from three average level French schools. The results presented in this paper were drawn from a pilot survey using the model translation of “Cell World”. In this model, students can move each manipulative from the store (on the left of the screen) to the area of animations where non-manipulatives are (on the right of the screen). If the selected manipulative is incorrect, learners receive a feedback which instructs them to drag the correct manipulative in order to continue the translation process. If the manipulative is correct, the animation continues so that students can observe interaction processes involving directly manipulatives (e.g. interaction between tRNA and mRNA) and/or only non-manipulatives (e.g. the fixing process of ribosome onto mRNA molecule). For leading students to use the environment correctly, a worksheet containing instructions was developed. Moreover, the worksheet also consisted of ten questions to investigate students’ understanding about ontological categories of objects (four questions) and processes (six questions). The questions about processes lead students to think in term of emergent interactions between objects. Questions about objects lead students to use factual knowledge about the properties of molecules. These questions involve also either manipulatives or non-manipulatives to investigate the role of interactivity on students’ conceptions. In order to obtain results about learners’ understanding of ontological categories, students were grouped according to their results about the two categories of questions, objects and processes: 43 students out of 59 expressed a high level of objects’ understanding – they obtained at least two-third of maximum points, whereas only 29 students expressed a high level of processes’ understanding. The Wilcoxon signed-ranks test also revealed significant differences (Z=-3.803, P<0.001) between the answers of the two categories of questions (objects and processes): 45 students demonstrated better performances concerning questions about objects than about processes, 13 answered better about objects and one was equal in both categories. Thus, the results provide evidence that the ontological category of processes is significantly less constructed and understood than the objects’ category. For studying the role of manipulatives on the student’s ontological categories of objects and processes, a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used. The test compared questions about objects involving manipulatives and questions about non-manipulatives: 45 students obtained better results about manipulable molecules, 10 students about non-manipulable and only 4 learners performed with non-manipulable as well as manipulable molecules (Z=-3.868, P<0.001). Another Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used to compare students’ answers about processes when manipulatives or non-manipulatives were available in theses processes: 47 students obtained better results concerning category of processes when these processes involved manipulable molecules. Seven students performed better when processes involved non-manipulable molecule and 5 learners got the same results for manipulable and non-manipulable molecules (Z=-5.070, P<0.001). Thus, the great majority of the students showed better understanding in both ontological categories – objects and processes, when manipulatives were involved. In conclusion, these outcomes confirm precedent works: the ontological category of processes is not developed enough to build valid scientific mental models. Thus, the main challenge for teaching scientific phenomena is to lead learners to think through ontological category of processes. One possibility to help students to improve understanding in both ontological categories is to introduce manipulatives at most crucial aspects of a scientific model. -References: -Chi, M. T. H. (2005). Common sense conceptions of emergent processes: Why some misconceptions are robust. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 14, 161–199. -Evans, C., Gibbons N. J. (2007). The interactivity effect in multimedia learning. Computers & Education, 49, 1147–1160. -Ferrari, M. & Chi, M. T. H. (1998). The nature of naive explanations of natural selection. International Journal of Science Education, 20(10), 1231-1256. -Moyer, P. S., & Bolyard, J. J. (2002). Exploring Representation in the Middle Grades: Investigations in Geometry with Virtual Manipulatives. The Australian Mathematics Teacher, 58(1), 19-25. -Pata, K. & Sarapuu, T. (2003). Framework for scaffolding the development of problem representationsby collaborative design. In B. Wasson, S. Ludvigsen & U. Hoppe (Eds.), Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments. Proceedings of CSCL’ 2003 Conference. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 189-198. -Vosniadou, S. (1991). Conceptual development in astronomy. In S. M. Glynn & e. al. (Eds.), The Psychology of Learning Science. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 149-177.
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Tritakis, Vasilis. "Prediction of basic elements of the forthcoming solar cycles 24 and 25 (years 2005–2027)." In RECENT ADVANCES IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS: 7th International Conference of the Hellenic Astronomical Society. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2347972.

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ZHELEZNYKH, IGOR. "EARLY YEARS OF HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINO PHYSICS IN COSMIC RAYS AND NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY (1957-1962)." In Proceedings of the International Workshop (ARENA 2005). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812773791_0001.

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Reports on the topic "International Year of Astronomy, 2009"

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Attwood. PR-339-093702-R03 Human Factors Influences on Pipeline Damage Milestone 2 Identify and Define Issues. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010700.

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The members of the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) have identified Human Factors (HF) as a major component influencing the number and severity of pipeline damage incidents. PRCI has initiated a two-year program whose objectives include: A) Understand the contribution of HF to pipeline damage from all sources (i.e., first, secondand third party contributions) B) Identify the most important Human Factors involved in pipeline damage Recommend HF interventions for the high priority issues that will reduce damage incidents C) Propose next steps to implement these high priority interventions and to monitor their performance D) The final project deliverable is a Guide that will identify practical ways to address potentially adverse effects of HF on the performance of damage prevention measures, including examples of how they can be implemented and continuously improved. During the period 2009 to 2010, the project will complete six milestones, including: 1. Review available Human Factors literature (2009) 2. Identify and define issues (2009) 3. Categorize and prioritize issues (2010) 4. Develop intervention strategies (2010) 5. Propose next steps to implement strategies (2010) 6. Develop guide to use HF for damage prevention (2010) This report documents the results of Milestone 2, Identify and Define Issues. Appendices posted seperate
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Cantens, Thomas, and Gaël Raballand. Taxation and Customs Reforms in Fragile States: Between Bargaining and Enforcement. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.009.

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In the last decade, African authorities and the international community have called for support to increase taxation capacity in order to reduce reliance on aid flows. This commitment to support tax administrations was reflected in the 2015 Addis Tax Initiative (ATI), which advocated ‘to double assistance to developing countries in order to strengthen their tax systems and administrations’ by the year 2020 (IMF 2017: 6). Increasing domestic resource mobilisation is even more salient for state-building in fragile states, in terms of providing costly services to citizens, including security, across national territory. There is a rich literature (Acemoglu and Robinson 2012; Besley and Persson 2009) arguing that robust and inclusive fiscal institutions are essential for state-building and economic growth. This is not the situation in fragile states.
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Wilcox. PR-015-09200-R01A Compressor and Pump Station Incidents and Technology Gaps. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010956.

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In 2008, Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) took the initiative to identify the main causes of reportable incidents in compressor and pump stations. Data was gathered from several sources including the United States� Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Canada�s National Energy Board, and PRCI member companies. More than 1600 incidents were reviewed over an 18 year period (1990 to 2008). The incidents were evaluated based on their frequency of occurrence and the consequences of the incidents (injury, ignition, environmental impact, etc�). In pump stations, pump seals, valves out of sequence due to operator error, and gasket and bolting were identified as the highest impact incidents types. In compressor stations, the three highest impact incident types were found to be pipe components, natural forces (hurricanes and lightning strikes), and gaskets and bolting. During the 2008 project, research roadmaps were developed based on the results of the incident data review. In the process of defining the research projects, a brief review into the available technology for the incidents types was conducted. It was quickly found that a more detailed state-of-the-art review was needed to accurately identify the research required for several of the incident areas. Therefore, a state-of-the-art review of the three highest impact incidents in pump and compressor stations was proposed. The work documented in this paper is the state-of-the-art review of these incidents. In the PRCI CPS 9-1 (2008) project, it was found that more information was needed on several of the incidents in order to fully define the root cause. Therefore, the first task of the PRCI CPS 9-1 (2009) effort was to attempt to gather more information on the top three impact incident types. Thirty-two pipeline companies were contacted and additional information was provided for approximately 25% of the incidents. From the review of this additional and past data, several focus areas were identified for the state-of-the-art reviews. The state-of-the-art studies included a survey of the current technology, identification of common failure mechanisms, and review of strategies to reduce incident occurrences. These studies are reviewed in detail in the appendices of this document. From the state-of-the-art studies and the incident review, technology gaps were identified. Technology gaps are areas where new innovative technologies or applications are required to address current inspection/maintenance strategies for a particular piece of equipment or task. Technology gaps were only identified for pump seals. These gaps included the inability for pump seals to survive process upset conditions, inability to correctly identify and model expected loads and operating conditions for pump seal selection, and lack of installed seal inspection or life prediction methods except through leakage detection. All other incident types (valves out of sequence due to operator error, gaskets and bolting, pipe components, and natural forces) have adequate technology to address the incident occurrences. In the majority of the incidents, even though the technologies exist, it may not be used or applied correctly. Several recommendations were made for future work. These included work that a company may consider conducting internally to reduce the occurrence of incidents and future research. The recommendations for future work for operators and research for industry are summarized in a list below. Research items included on the research roadmaps are indicated with an asterisk.
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van Gemert, Rob, Per Holliland, Konrad Karlsson, Niklas Sjöberg, and Torbjörn Säterberg. Assessment of the eel stock in Sweden, spring 2024 : fifth post-evaluation of the Swedish eel management. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4iseib7eup.

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For decades, the population of the European eel has been in severe decline. In 2007, the European Union decided on a Regulation establishing measures for the recovery of the stock, which obliged Member States to implement a national Eel Management Plan by 2009. Sweden submitted its plan in 2008. According to the Regulation, Member States shall report regularly to the EU-Commission, on the implementation of their Eel Management Plans and the progress achieved in protection and restoration. The current report provides an assessment of the eel stock in Sweden as of spring 2024, intending to feed into the national reporting to the EU in August this year. This report updates and extends previous evaluation reports by Dekker (2012, 2015) and Dekker et al. (2018, 2021). In this report, the impacts on the stock - of fishing, restocking and mortality related to hydropower generation - are assessed. Other anthropogenic impacts (climate change, pollution, increased impacts of predators, spread of parasites, disruption of migration due to disorientation after transport, and so forth) probably have an impact on the stock too, but these factors are hardly quantifiable, and no management targets have been set. For that reason, and because most factors were not included in the EU Eel Regulation, these other factors are not included in this report. Our focus is on the quantification of silver eel biomass escaping from continental waters towards the ocean (current, current potential and pristine) and mortality risks endured by those eels during their whole lifetime. The assessment is broken down on a geographical basis, with different impacts dominating in different areas (west coast, inland waters, Baltic coast). In the last decade, a break in the downward trend in glass eel recruitment has been observed, with recruitment no longer declining consistently. Whether that relates to recent protective actions, or is due to other factors, is yet unclear. Nevertheless, recruitment levels remain at historically low levels. This report contributes to the required international assessment, but does not discuss the causing factors behind the recent recruitment trend and the overall status of the stock across Europe. For the different assessment areas, results summarise as follows: On the west coast, a commercial fyke net fishery on yellow eel was exploiting the stock, until this fishery was completely closed in spring 2012. A fishery-based assessment no longer being achievable, we present trends from research surveys (fyke nets). Insufficient information is currently available to assess the recovery of the stock in absolute terms. Obviously, current fishing mortality is zero (disregarding the currently unquantifiable effect of illegal fishing), but none of the other requested stock indicators (current, current potential and pristine biomass) can be presented. The formerly exploited size-classes of the stock show a recovery in abundance after the closure of the commercial fishery, and the smaller size classes show a break in their decline in line with the recent global trend of glass eel recruitment. In order to support the recovery of the stock, or to compensate for anthropogenic mortality in inland waters, young eel has been restocked on the Swedish west coast since 2010. Noting the quantity of restocking involved, the expected effect (ca. 50 t silver eel) is relatively small, and hard to verify – in comparison to the potential natural stock on the west coast (an order of 1000 t). However, for the currently depleted stock, the contribution will likely constitute a larger share of silver eel escapement. For inland waters, this report updates the 2021 assessment, with substantial changes in methodology being the use of a new natural recruitment model, and the full separation of Trap & Transport catches from the fisheries statistics. The assessment for the inland waters relies on a reconstruction of the stock from information on the youngest eels in our waters (natural recruits, assisted migration, restocking). Based on 78 years of data on natural recruitment into 22 rivers, a statistical model is applied which relates the number of immigrating young eel caught in traps to the location and size of each river, the distance from the trap to the river mouth, and the year in which those eels recruited to continental waters as a glass eel (year class). The further into the Baltic, the larger and less numerous recruits generally are. Distance upstream comes with less numerous recruits. Using the results from the above recruitment analysis, in combination with historical data on assisted migration (young eels transported upstream within a drainage area, across barriers) and restocking (young eels imported into a river system), we have a complete overview of how many young eels recruited to Swedish inland waters. From this, the production of fully grown silver eel is estimated for every lake and year separately, based on best estimates of growth and natural mortality rates. Subtracting the catch made by the fishery (as recorded) and down-sizing for the mortality incurred when passing hydropower stations (percentwise, as recorded or using a default percentage), an estimate of the biomass of silver eel escaping from each river towards the sea is derived. Results indicate, that since 1960, the production of silver eel in inland waters has declined from over 700 to below 300 tonnes per year (t/yr). The production of naturally recruited eels is still falling; following the increase in restocking since 2010, an increase in restocking-based production is expected to be starting right around now. Gradually, restocking has replaced natural recruitment (assisted and fully natural), now making up over 90 % of the inland stock. Fisheries have taken 20-30 % of the silver eel (since the mid-1980s), while the impact of hydropower has ranged from 25 % to 60 %, depending on the year. Escapement is estimated to have varied from 72 t in the late 1990s, to 175 t in the early 2000s. The biomass of current escapement (including eels of restocked origin) is approximately 15 % of the pristine level (incl. restocked), or almost 30 % of the current potential biomass (incl. restocked). This is below the 40 % biomass limit of the Eel Regulation, and anthropogenic mortality (70 % over the entire life span in continental waters) exceeds the limit implied in the Eel Regulation (60 % mortality, the complement of 40 % survival). Mortality being that high, Swedish inland waters currently do not contribute to the recovery of the stock. The temporal variation (in production, impacts and escapement) is partly the consequence of a differential spatial distribution of the restocking of eel over the years. The original natural (not assisted) recruits were far less impacted by hydropower, since they could not climb the hydropower dams when immigrating. Since 2010, inland restocking is increasingly concentrated to drainage areas falling to the Kattegat-Skagerrak, also including obstructed lakes (primarily Lake Vänern, and many smaller ones). Even though Trap & Transport of silver eel - from above barriers towards the sea - has contributed to reducing the hydropower impact, hydropower mortality remains the largest estimated contributor to silver eel mortality in inland waters. Without restocking, the biomass affected by fishery and/or hydropower would be only 5-10 % of the currently impacted biomass, but the stock abundance would reduce from 15 % to less than 3 % of the pristine biomass. In summary: the inland eel stock biomass is below the minimum target, anthropogenic impacts exceed the minimum limit that would allow recovery, and those impacts have been increasing. It is therefore recommended to reconsider the current action plans on inland waters, taking into account the results of the current, comprehensive assessment. For the Baltic coast, the 2021 assessment has been updated without major changes in methodology. Results indicate that the impact of the fishery continues to decline over the decades. The current impact of the Swedish silver eel fishery on the escapement of silver eel along the Baltic Sea coast is estimated at 0.3 %. However, this fishery is just one of the anthropogenic impacts (in other areas/countries) affecting the eel stock in the Baltic, including all types of impacts, on all life stages and all habitats anywhere in the Baltic. Integration with the assessments in other countries has not been achieved. Current estimates of the abundance of silver eel (biomass) indicates an order of several thousand tonnes, but those estimates are extremely uncertain, due to the low impact of the fishery (near-zero statistics). Moreover, these do not take into account the origin of those silver eels, from other countries. An integrated assessment for the whole Baltic will be required to ground-truth these estimates. This would also bring the eel assessments in line with the policy to regionalise stock assessments for other (commercial) fish species (see https://ec.europa.eu/oceans-and-fisheries/fisheries/rules/multiannual-plans_en). It is recommended to develop an integrated assessment for the entire Baltic Sea eel stock, and to coordinate protective measures with other range states.
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The IDB Group in the Central American Isthmus and the Dominican Republic: Activities Report 2020. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003065.

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2020 was an unprecedented year for Central America and the Dominican Republic. The effect of the global COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbated by the impact of Hurricanes Eta and Iota in some countries, caused the greatest economic contraction the region has undergone in its recent history - surpassing the debt crisis of the 1980s and the international financial crisis of 2009. In 2020, the IDB Group helped the countries in the region respond to these emergencies through approvals that exceeded US$ 4,900 million and disbursements of more than US$ 4,327 million, both reaching historical records. This report highlights the Groups main activities in Central America and the Dominican Republic in 2020 at the regional and country level.
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