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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Peters, Paul. "R. Dolzer, M. Stevens, Bilateral Investment Treatie, Kluwer Law International, The Hague 1995, Dfl. 175/$124/£ 75." Netherlands International Law Review 43, no. 01 (May 1996): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00004812.

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2

Murshud Zarbaliyeva, Leyla. "Əmtəə nişanlarına dair beynəlxalq müqavilələr." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 09, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/09/35-39.

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The article is based on a comprehensive and comparative analysis of universal and regional international treaties in the field of trademarks. At the same time, their similarities and differences were considered. The registration of trademarks was also touched upon within the relevant mechanisms. Key words: trademarks, registration of trademark, brand, Madrid system, TRIPS, patent office, World Intellectual Property Organization Leyla Mürşüd qızı Zərbəliyeva Əmtəə nişanlarına dair beynəlxalq müqavilələr Xülasə Məqalə əmtəə nişanları nişanları sahəsində bağlanan universal və regional beynəlxalq müqavilələrin ümuməhatəli və müqayisəli təhlili əsasında hazırlanmışdır. Eyni zamanda, onların oxşar və fərqli cəhətləri də nəzərdən keçirilmişdir. Həmçinin, müvafiq mexanizmlər çərçivəsində əmtəə nişanların qeydiyyatına da toxnulumuşdur. Açar sözlər: əmtəə nişanları, əmtəə nişanlarının qeydiyyatı, brend, Madrid sistemi, TRİPS, patent idarəsi, Ümumdünya Əqli Mülkiyyət Təşkilatı

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3

Mustafa Mammadova, Gunay. "DESIGN PROTECTION STANDARTS IN INTERNATIONAL TREATIES." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/310-313.

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Despite the local application of the law, the attacks on intellectual property rights regardless of borders have created the necessity to protect these rights at the international level. The fact that each country has its own legal system and judicial system makes holders vulnerable in terms of protection and enforcement of their rights. In the global market, a consumer-approved design owner must register in 200 different countries and file a lawsuit against the offender. A number of international agreements have been adopted, taking into account the difficulties associated with the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. This article describes some important international treaties about legal protection of industrial design. Key words: industrial design, convention, international law, agreement, international protection

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4

da Silva-Telles Nichele, Cíntia, and Aldo Pacheco-Ferreira. "Tratados internacionales de derechos humanos: efectos sobre la salud de la mujer." Memorias del Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud 18, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/mem.iics/1812-9528/2020.018.03.55.

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Este artículo examina los efectos de los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos relacionados con la salud de la mujer. Para ello, tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre la ratificación de la Convención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer (CEDAW) y del Protocolo facultativo de esa Convención (OP-CEDAW) y los resultados de la violencia sexual contra la mujer por pareja y no pareja, de la tasa de mortalidad materna y de la esperanza de vida de la mujer al nacer. Utilizó un método cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. En cuanto a la violencia sexual contra la mujer, se comparó el grado de adherencia a los tratados y la prevalencia de este tipo de violencia. En cuanto a la tasa de mortalidad materna y la esperanza de vida al nacer, las correlaciones se construyeron utilizando el método de mínimos cuadrados lineales. El estudio involucró al universo de países, los cuales fueron agrupados según la división regional de la OMS. Como resultado, se encontró que estos tres indicadores han mejorado con el tiempo en todas las regiones en el período posterior a la ratificación de ambos tratados. Sin embargo, no fue posible asociar tales avances con el aumento en el número de países que se han unido a los tratados. Por tanto, se debe reconocer que la ratificación de un tratado representa solo el comienzo del compromiso con los derechos humanos para la salud.

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5

Hamd Ahmed, Sirwan, and Halmat Saadoon Ghareeb. "Official Languages and International Treaties- A Reading of Iraqi Treaties Ratification Law of 2016." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 270–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10198.

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6

Humeres Guajardo, Nicolás. "LOS TRATADOS INTERNACIONALES FRENTE A LAS LAGUNAS: AUTOEJECUTABILIDAD E INEXCUSABILIDAD RESOLUTIVA." Revista de Derecho, no. 37 (2020): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/issn2735-6337/2020.n37-03.

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La presente investigación busca analizar elementos subyacentes en el tratamiento jurisprudencial de los Tratados Internacionales como fuentes formales del derecho y su aplicabilidad en la solución de lagunas del sistema jurídico chileno. En función a tal objetivo, se esboza un concepto de lagunas; se revisan los fundamentos que sustentaron inicialmente la incorporación del Derecho internacional al Derecho interno, y se analizan postulados doctrinarios y jurisprudenciales vinculados a la autoejecutabilidad de este tipo de normas. Finalmente se formulan algunas reflexiones en respuesta a algunas críticas metodológicas formuladas desde un sector de la doctrina del Derecho internacional público a la aplicación jurisdiccional de este tipo de normas.

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7

Erdem, Muhammet Emre, and İmran Arıtı Erdem. "THE POSITION OF INTERNATIONAL TAX TREATIES IN DOMESTIC LAW." E-journal of New World Sciences Academy 14, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2019.14.2.4c0228.

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8

Tellez Nunez, Andres. "Tratados internacionales, interpretación y búsqueda de significados: Un enfoque complementario." Revista de Derecho Uninorte, no. 54 (May 23, 2022): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/dere.54.341.2.

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En el marco de un proyecto de investigación sobre la efectividad del derecho internacional, este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer una nueva forma de interpretación de los tratados que complemente las normas contenidas en los artículos 31 a 33 de la Convención de Viena de 1969. Para lograr dicho objetivo, el artículo propone una hipótesis de trabajo que cuestiona la suficiencia del contractualismo y del originalismo para explicar la juridicidad del derecho internacional de los tratados, y, bajo la asunción platónica consistente en que el derecho coincide en la práctica con la política, afirma que el proceso de interpretación y construcción de la norma supondrá llenar de significado los términos y definiciones de un tratado, que no son estáticos, sino dinámicos, pero según las vivencias de los Estados y de conformidad con lineamientos provistos por la razón natural. Mediante la utilización de un método hermenéutico-analítico, el autor concluye que puede existir una nueva forma de interpretar los tratados que esté en relación directa con la vivencia de la norma jurídica internacional, y que cuestiona tanto al contractualismo como al originalismo como posturas que explican su fundamento.

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9

احمدی, فضل احمد. "منزلت معاهدات بین‌المللی در نظام حقوقی افغانستان." ghalib quarterly journal 36, no. 1 (August 4, 2022): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.58342/.v11i36.33.

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جذب معاهدات بین‌المللی، یکی از نیازهای عمدۀ دولت‌ها در جهان معاصر است؛ از‌این‌رو، هر دولتی با توجه به ضرورتِ زیست بین‌المللی و حفظ منافع ملی و ارزش‌های بین‌المللی به جذب معاهدات بین‌المللی روی می‌آورد؛ در‌حالی‌که معاهدات از یک‌سو متعدد و مختلف است، از جهت دیگر، این معاهدات حامل قواعد معینی‌است که مستلزم اجرا در نظام‌های حقوقی داخلی می‌باشد. دولت افغانستان در زمان جمهوریت سوم با‌توجه به این نیاز به تعداد بسیاری از معاهدات بین‌المللی محلق شده است؛ چنان‌که «مجموعه معاهدات» سازمان ملل متحد نشان می‌دهد، این کشور صد‌و‌پنجاه‌و‌پنج مورد امضا‌، تصویب و الحاق دارد. با‌توجه به این مطلب، سوال اصلی تحقیق این است که با امعان نظر به روش‌های بین‌المللی‌گرایانه و دولت‌محورانه در زمینۀ جذب معاهدات بین‌المللی، دولت افغانستان در زمان جمهوریت سوم کدام روش را برگزیده و در عین حال چه منزلت و اعتباری برای معاهدات بین‌المللی قائل می‌باشد؟ روش بررسی این پژوهش، ‌توصیفی- تحلیلی مبتنی بر داده‌های کتاب‌خانه‌یی است که پس از جمع‌آوری اطلاعات و با استفاده از قوانین موجود، موضوع و مسأله مورد تحلیل و تجزیه قرار گرفته است. نتیجۀ این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که رویۀ عملی دولت افغانستان در زمان جمهوریت سوم در قبال جذب معاهدات بین‌المللی، به‌صورت دقیق بر وفق هیچ کدام از نظریات مطرح شده نیست؛ در‌حالی رویۀ دولت افغانستان در جذب معاهدات بین‌المللی بینش بین‌المللی‌گرایانه است، در تعیین منزلت معاهدات و اجرای آن‌ها با گرایش دولت‌محورانه عمل کرده است. با این حال، در بسیاری از موارد هیچ رویه قابل تعیین نیست.

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10

Giordano, Mark. "International water treaties." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 51, no. 6 (November 2008): 873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640560802423947.

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11

Kurashvili, A. Yu. "Observers in the Process of Concluding International Treaties." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18440.

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The article deals with the participation of observers from states and international organizations in the process of concluding international treaties. The status of observers is not defined in present laws and regulations; also there are no significant scientific researches on this topic, both internationally and nationally. Nevertheless, as a result of long practice, a certain set of rights and obligations of observers has been formed, which characterizes their status. In the present publication, the author dissects separate stages of treaty-making process in which observers can be involved and gives the characteristics of rights and obligations for such observers. Despite the limited functionality of the observers, their involvement in the process is quite high. When discussing the provisions of the international treaty, it is important for its future participants to obtain the opinion of competent organizations or interested states on the subject and the main provisions of such treaty. Thus, the participation of observers in the process of concluding international treaties is not only a unilaterally granted privilege, but also a legal symbiosis with other actors in the process, where treaties become more natural and viable. In the author’s opinion, observer states and observer organizations play an important role in the process of creating international legal norms. Taking into account the comments and recommendations of observers at conferences or in international organizations significantly increases the chance of adopting the text of the treaty when voting. This research may be of interest to persons engaged in law of treaties, law of international organizations, procedural issues of concluding international treaties, as well as the status of participants in the process of concluding treaties.

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12

Stojanovic, Snezana. "International tax treaties override." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 162 (2017): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1762347s.

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International order is based on the consent of states and the principle pacta sunt servanda, thus making the treaty override a serious problem. When one party unilaterally overrules treaty provision(s), other party may undertake measures prescribed in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: termination or suspension. It is also possible to apply mutual agreement procedure. Usually, states avoid entering into re-negotiation of the treaties because it is time-consuming. The author differentiates between treaty override in monist and dualist states, and within the European Union, then makes conclusion about the absence of pure solutions and proposes global action for solving treaty overriding problem, which could have further impact on economic activity and wealth on national and global level.

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13

Braman, Sandra. "International treaties and art." International Journal of Cultural Policy 14, no. 3 (August 2008): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286630802281905.

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Damrosch, Lori Fisler. "Treaties and International Regulation." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 98 (2004): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700061644.

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15

Diz, Jamile Bergamaschine Mata, and Clarissa Correa Neto Ribeiro. "IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ON THE BRAZILIAN ARBITRATION LAW." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v1i1.34364.

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The arbitration as an alternative dispute settlement established itself nationally and internationally as a legitimate instrument to promote and expand access to justice. In this sense, the aim of this work is to analyze how the international treaties and conventions influenced the creation and development of the national arbitration law and its application in Brazil. Thus, we will seek to delimit what were the conventions, treaties, protocols and other international acts that had implications, positive or negative, when the adoption of Law n. 9307/96 by the Brazilian legislature, thereby seeking to analyze whether this law could actually absorb the parameters, criteria, nature and effects allowed by the international legal order. The correlation is also relevant to explain how Brazil has followed the international dynamics on bound rules to legal relations. Later, there will be an approximation, succinctly, on the main aspects of the law in relation to the object, subject, form of expression and effects of the use of arbitration and its respective application in Brazil.

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Diz, Jamile Bergamaschine Mata, and Clarissa Correa Neto Ribeiro. "IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ON THE BRAZILIAN ARBITRATION LAW." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v1i1.p153-171.

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The arbitration as an alternative dispute settlement established itself nationally and internationally as a legitimate instrument to promote and expand access to justice. In this sense, the aim of this work is to analyze how the international treaties and conventions influenced the creation and development of the national arbitration law and its application in Brazil. Thus, we will seek to delimit what were the conventions, treaties, protocols and other international acts that had implications, positive or negative, when the adoption of Law n. 9307/96 by the Brazilian legislature, thereby seeking to analyze whether this law could actually absorb the parameters, criteria, nature and effects allowed by the international legal order. The correlation is also relevant to explain how Brazil has followed the international dynamics on bound rules to legal relations. Later, there will be an approximation, succinctly, on the main aspects of the law in relation to the object, subject, form of expression and effects of the use of arbitration and its respective application in Brazil.

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Diz, Jamile Bergamaschine Mata, and Clarissa Correa Neto Ribeiro. "IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ON THE BRAZILIAN ARBITRATION LAW." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y1n1.p153-171.

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The arbitration as an alternative dispute settlement established itself nationally and internationally as a legitimate instrument to promote and expand access to justice. In this sense, the aim of this work is to analyze how the international treaties and conventions influenced the creation and development of the national arbitration law and its application in Brazil. Thus, we will seek to delimit what were the conventions, treaties, protocols and other international acts that had implications, positive or negative, when the adoption of Law n. 9307/96 by the Brazilian legislature, thereby seeking to analyze whether this law could actually absorb the parameters, criteria, nature and effects allowed by the international legal order. The correlation is also relevant to explain how Brazil has followed the international dynamics on bound rules to legal relations. Later, there will be an approximation, succinctly, on the main aspects of the law in relation to the object, subject, form of expression and effects of the use of arbitration and its respective application in Brazil.

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18

Rosales Zamora, Pablo. "El acuerdo interinstitucional en la práctica peruana de derecho internacional: reexamen de “The concept of treaty in international law” de Klabbers." Vox juris 40, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/voxjuris.2022.v40n2.06.

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19

Majszyk, Sławomir. "Prawo do zawierania umów międzynarodowych przez Stolicę Apostolską." Studia Iuridica, no. 86 (June 14, 2021): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-86.10.

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The Holy See is a specific (sui generis) subject of the international law. The acknowledgement of the international legal personality is related to the possession of legal capacity and the capacity of legal international proceedings. The Holy See is regarded as a sovereign subject of international law, which has its own rights and obligations concerning international relations. It has the right to send and receive the minister resident (ius legationis), to participate in conferences and to be member of international organizations (ius foederum), as well as the treaty making capacity (ius tractatuum). One of the principal formal contexts in which the question of international legal personality arises is the capacity to make treaties and agreements valid on the international legal plane. The ius tractatuum possessed by the Holy See is not only based on theoretical consideration of international law principles, but has also been amply attested to by the actual practice of states over a very long period.

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Alontseva, Natalia V., and Yury A. Ermoshin. "Language Norms of International Treaties." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-3-532-544.

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This article discusses features of the implementation of linguistic norms in international treaties.The proposed study has a purpose to identify linguistic means present in international document texts, i.e. treaties that are to fix the agreement that parties achieve with a view to establishing relations and regulating them in future. The research material is 1000 texts of international treaties. The total amount of factual material analyzed is over 6000 pages. Our methodology is based on the works by domestic and foreign authors on general theory of speech activity, laws of perception and understanding of speech, and the peculiarities of the generation of a statement, translation theory, and international law. One of the most important means of expressing information in a text is its lexical composition. International treaties texts comprise different types of vocabulary (common, terminological, specialized, etc.) that performs text- and style forming functions. From the point of view of grammar, compiling international treaties involves using particular grammatical forms and categories, syntactic structures and types of phrases. The essence of international treaties texts implies the presence of special clichs of a business style. In the preparation and editing of international treaties, the adequate use of appropriate vocabulary and grammatical means leads to a reduction of ambiguities and discrepancies in the texts of these documents.

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Latipulhayat, Atip, and Susi Dwi Harijanti. "Indonesia’s Approach to International Treaties." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 6, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v6i2.915.

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The relation and interaction between international and domestic law is one of the classic issues in international and it controversy remains in the realm of theory and practice. This is an issue of which many generations of both international and constitutional lawyers have wrestled, are wrestling and will continue to wrestle. For the Indonesian context, this issue is also still far from clear. The Indonesian Constitution of 1945 stipulates that the President of the Republic of Indonesia has the authority to conclude treaties with other countries. However, it does not clearly and specifically govern the status and position of international treaties under the Constitution. As a result, the Indonesian approach to international treaty is rather pragmatic, which is susceptible to some inconsistencies. It can be seen for instance in several decisions of the Indonesian Constitutional Court that clearly demonstrates the ambiguity towards international treaty. The Indonesian Parliament (DPR) argues that Indonesia should put emphasize to the national interests when Indonesia concluded international treaties. For a certain extent this approach is vulnerable to disregard international obligations in the name of national interests. There are some legislation for instance in the field of trade, which contains national interests clause that potentially will put Indonesia as the party that disregards its international obligations. This paper argues that national interests and international obligations are mutually inclusive, and not mutually exclusive element. To this end, international treaties should have a clear status and position under the Indonesian constitution to ensure that national interest and international obligation are working in harmony.

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Fadel, Mohammad. "International Treaties (Mu’âhadât) in Islam." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i1.1354.

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In the post-9/11 era and with increasing tension between the Islamic and thenon-Islamic worlds due to al-Qa’ida’s purported global jihad, Labeeb Bsoul’sstudy of the Islamic law of international treaties is certainly a timely contributionto an important topic. While this work represents a fairly comprehensiveresource for researchers in this area insofar as it gathers the opinions ofnumerous pre-modern (and some modern) scholars of Islamic law on variousissues related to war and peace between Islamic and non-Muslim states,it is, unfortunately, no more than a simple compilation of their views.Indeed, the author provides no meaningful historical framework by which one could trace doctrinal development or tie these doctrines to a wider historicalor philosophical tradition of international law. Those looking foranswers regarding the possibilities for mutual co-existence between Muslimand non-Muslim states on the basis of mutual equality will be severelydisappointed ...

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Djordjevic, Stevan. "The effect of international treaties." Medjunarodni problemi 59, no. 1 (2007): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0701049d.

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The article is devoted to the doctrine and practice of the Law of Treaties. The author focuses his attention on the following four topics: 1. the Treaties and third States or third international organizations; 2. the Tre?aties that provide rights for third States or third international organizations; 3. the Treaties that set out obligations for third States or third international organizations. He pays special attention to the most-favoured-nation clau?se. The author gives interpretations of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations 1986.

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Bodnár, László. "Constitution, International Treaties, and Contracts." Acta Juridica Hungarica 43, no. 3-4 (December 2002): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ajur.43.2002.3-4.6.

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25

Hugo, Graeme. "Australia and international treaties: population." Australian Geographer 26, no. 1 (May 1995): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049189508703130.

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26

Nikzad, Rashid. "Trademark treaties and international trade." International Journal of Intellectual Property Management 6, no. 3 (2013): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijipm.2013.056243.

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Alheety, Noaman Aallah Mahmood. "Invalid Reservations to International Treaties." Journal of Law 12, no. 02 (October 1, 2015): 44–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/law/120202.

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Бальхаева, Саяна, and Sayana Balkhaeva. "TERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_593fc343d518e1.64716974.

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The article is devoted to research on the territorial application of international treaties. This author examines a number of particularities arising in treaty practices of individual states. These particularities are due to the fact of possessing overseas territories. In this case, in the absence of the treaty provisions on its territorial effect the extension of treaty provisions for a certain territory of the state is carried out by means of a unilateral statement when the state is expressing its consent to be bound. Thus, they either extend the scope of application of the treaty in respect of a certain territory or exclude it from its scope. The various types of treaty provisions regulating the territorial scope of a treaty (territorial positions) are discussed in the article. Among them are the general provisions of a treaty relating to the territorial application. These provisions provide that any party of a treaty may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, specify the territory or territories in respect which are the subject of a treaty. Also in the treaty practice of states there are special treaty provisions relating to the territorial application. They contain a detailed list of territories in respect of which the relevant treaty is, or is not applicable. The author indicates the need to distinguish between territory that is the object of a relevant international treaty and the territory in respect of which the treaty is binding for the application, as the provisions of article 29 of the Vienna Convention only applies to the latest variant. Also the author notes the need to distinguish between the territorial application of an international treaty and separate protocols to it. They should be treated as separate documents as each of them can have a different territorial application, depending on the presence of territorial provisions and their wording.

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Glazer, Amihai, and Stef Proost. "Informational Benefits of International Treaties." Environmental and Resource Economics 53, no. 2 (April 24, 2012): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-012-9555-5.

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Berman, F. "International Treaties and British Statutes." Statute Law Review 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmi002.

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Schütze, Robert. "Parliamentary Democracy and International Treaties." Global Policy 8 (October 2017): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12485.

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Kantur, Ruslan A. "Extradition clauses in multilateral international treaties: international legal aspects." Russian Journal of Legal Studies (Moscow) 7, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls34051.

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The article focuses upon the legal sense of extradition clauses in multilateral criminal law treaties. The methodology of the article embraces both general methods, such as analysis and synthesis, and specific ones, such as comparative, statistical, and linguistic methods. A multi-pronged evaluation of the clause is performed, with particular scrutiny given to the different kinds of authentic English- and Russian-language wording intrinsic to this type of treaty. Such clauses are prone to have a direct effect and are subject to implementation by state parties to an international treaty, along with its substantive norms. In some cases, an extradition clause is considered a substitute for a special extradition treaty, notwithstanding the deficiency of the presumption of inclusion of crimes criminalized by the conventions in bilateral extradition treaties. Irrespective of the salient virtues inherent in such clauses (for instance, the absence of the necessity to elaborate and conclude a special extradition treaty; the procurement of enforcing substantive norms; the existence of legal mechanisms provided for in such conventions by dint of which state parties are entitled to resort to international judicial organs, in case of any dispute concerning the application or interpretation of a treaty), the shortcomings, among which are a narrow range of crimes to which the clause relates, and a set of legal hindrances connected with the implementation process, are unequivocal.

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ABAYDELDINOV, Yerbol, and Nagima KALA. "International Legal Aspects of Tourism Activity: International Treaties Analysis." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 7, no. 4 (October 8, 2016): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v7.4(18).01.

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The present paper illustrates the general characteristics of acts of international law in the sphere of international tourism. International tourism has become an independent sphere of interstate cooperation and an effective instrument of international communication. The development of international tourism activities demands that states settle such existing issues as facilitating tourism formalities, liberalizing tourism services, unifying and harmonizing the legal regulation of tourism activities, protecting the environment from adverse influences of international tourism, and ensuring tourists’ rights, among others. The settlement of these issues can only be approached legally through international treaties. Thus, this paper attempts to analyse international conventions on tourism customs issues, international instruments on the trade in tourism services, and international treaties on space and tourism in Antarctica.

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Shcherbyna, Veronika, and Ivanna Maryniv. "Temporary application of international treaties: legal aspects." Law and innovations, no. 4 (36) (December 15, 2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2021-4(36)-8.

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Problem setting. Nowadays the problem of the provisional application of treaties can be described as actual. It is no accident that it has been the subject of the attention of the United Nations International Law Commission with the task of elaborating the most important problems of international law. Furthermore, the above-mentioned subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly recognized the need to analyze the provisional application of treaties, the need for the progressive development and codification of international law in respect of the topic dealt with in this article. Аnalysis of research and publications. Aspects of the problem of provisional application of treaties are reflected primarily in the works of in the works of I.I. Lukashuk, O.V. Kyivets, O.V. Pushniak, I.I. Maryniv, T. Leber. Target of research is to describe the legal institution of the provisional introduction of international treaties and to find reasons for its use. Article’s main body. The article is devoted to the question of the temporary use of an international treaty as a fundamental institution of international law. The study discusses the need for provisional application of treaties. Attention was paid to the works of legal academics, who had considered this issue, their works and summaries were reviewed regarding the question under consideration. The author analyzed the formulations of the article 25 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Legal aspects and shortcomings were considered. First of all, it was noted that there is no definition of the temporary application of international treaties in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and article 25 of the Convention had been criticized for being difficult to understand and lacking legal precision. In the article, the author noted that in general, the provisional use takes place before the entry into force of the treaty, when countries have not yet completed the necessary internal state procedures for its entry into force and have not internationally expressed consent to be bound. The author also stressed that the application of the treaty before it enters into force or will enter in the moment when it is implemented, the parties will address to their commitments and thus the object of the treaty would disappear. The author highlighted another legal aspect of the international legal institution under consideration is that, in order to implement the institution of provisional application of treaties, A special law and regulations may be enacted in domestic law (constitutional and legislative). What is more, the author mentioned that it is appropriate to devote attention to the work of the father of the national science on the law of international treaties I.I. Lukashuk. Conclusions. The author concluded that the institution of the provisional use of treaties is one of the key institutions in the law of treaties enabling the parties to urgently address cooperation issues. Another conclusion of the author of this article is that countries resort to this legal instrument under consideration for several reasons: urgent resolution of issues to which the relevant treaties apply; the desire of countries to adopt and immediately implement confidence-building measures; preventing time gaps in the operation of a number of international treaties, which have been successively adopted and replace each other on the same subject.

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Mohr, Manfred. "Der Atomwaffenverbotsvertrag und seine völkerrechtliche Wirkung." Humanitäres Völkerrecht 1, no. 1-2 (2018): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/huv-2018-0008.

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Mengjo, Keneth. "Dilemmas over individual and state responsibility for violations of international humanitarian law." Medjunarodni problemi 56, no. 4 (2004): 345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0404345m.

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This paper attempts an explanation to some of the complex legal issues surrounding the whole concept of responsibility for violations of international humanitarian law. The arguments here are based on reflections on the draft articles on the responsibility of states for the violations of international humanitarian law adopted by the international law commission as well as opinions of experts on the subject, treaties, conventions international jurisprudence, and internationally recognized principles and customs that govern conduct in armed conflicts so as to limit human suffering particularly of non combatants.

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Akhter, Majed. "Adjudicating infrastructure: Treaties, territories, hydropolitics." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 2, no. 4 (July 31, 2019): 831–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619864913.

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In 2013, an international Court of Arbitration delivered a two-part decision on the legality of the Kishenganga Hydro-Electric Plant, located in the internationally disputed territory of Kashmir. The court was convened under procedures detailed in the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, a landmark international water treaty between Pakistan and India mediated by the World Bank in the 1950s. The Kishenganga case is part of the ongoing hydropolitical competition between Pakistan and India over the use of Indus waters and the development of new infrastructures on the river system. This paper draws on critical water geography and geopolitical theory to guide a close, critical, and contextual reading of competing interpretations of the purpose and objective of the Indus Waters Treaty made during the Kishenganga case. It argues that two specific geopolitical imperatives powerfully shaped the legal strategies of state elites: downstream territorialism and basin developmentalism. Pakistani lawyers drew on the treaty negotiation archives to argue that its primary objective and purpose was the protection of vulnerable downstream territories. Indian lawyers, however, drew on the text of the treaty and the archives to argue the primary objective was the maximum economic development of the Indus Basin. I also discuss the relationship of these imperatives with David Harvey’s influential understanding of capitalist states acting under the dual pressures of the “territorial” and “capitalist” imperatives. By analyzing how geopolitical imperatives shape strategies of treaty interpretation, the paper develops a legal and geopolitical contribution to critical water geography. The paper also makes a methodological contribution by demonstrating how treaty negotiation archives represent a rich and underutilized resource for hydropolitical analysis.

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DiMascio, Nicholas, and Joost Pauwelyn. "Nondiscrimination in Trade and Investment Treaties: Worlds Apart or Two Sides of the Same Coin?" American Journal of International Law 102, no. 1 (January 2008): 48–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000293000003983x.

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For global business, international trade and investment are bound at the hip. When businesses trade internationally, goods or services cross borders; when they invest, it is capital and other factors of production that do so. Companies trade to supply their foreign investments; they invest to facilitate and diversify their trade. In contrast, international law addresses trade and investment separately and regulates them in ways that are dramatically different. First, trade has been governed multilaterally since 1947 through what today is the World Trade Organization (WTO), whereas close to 2,600 separate bilateral investment treaties (BITs), which mushroomed only in the 1980s and 1990s, now regulate foreign direct investment (FDI). Second, hundreds of increasingly sophisticated WTO rules discipline trade, whereas a mere handful of principles cover investment—many of which derive from customary international law. Third, trade agreements are enforced exclusively between states, with reciprocal trade sanctions as the remedy of last resort; under investment treaties, private companies have standing to claim monetary damages from host country governments.

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Vladimirovna., SamovichYulia. "Reservations to international human rights treaties." International Journal of Advanced Research 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 1649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/329.

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Yearbook of Islamic and Middle East, Editors. "Treaties, International Agreements and UN Resolutions." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 3, no. 1 (1996): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129897x00324.

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Mus, Jan B. "Conflicts between Treaties in International Law." Netherlands International Law Review 45, no. 02 (August 1998): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00000218.

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McLachlan, Campbell. "INVESTMENT TREATIES AND GENERAL INTERNATIONAL LAW." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 57, no. 2 (April 2008): 361–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589308000225.

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AbstractThe huge rise in the settlement of investment disputes by treaty has provoked an underlying question of great practical and theoretical importance: the relationship between the substantive standards protected in such treaties and general international law. This paper argues that the relationship is symbiotic: custom informing the content of the treay right; and State practice under investment treaties contributing to the development of general international law. It is the structured process of treaty interpretation which determines when and how reference to general international law may be made. Practice in this field supports a broader modern phenomenon, in which ‘general principles of law common to civilized nations’ may be informed not only by common principles of domestic law, but also by general principles of international law itself.

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Nadir, Nadir, and Adi Gunawan. "A Steep Gall in International Environmental Law Enforcement (An Analysis of International Deforestation)." SASI 28, no. 1 (April 14, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v28i1.774.

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Introduction: "Anforce the law, or the world will be destroyed" is an appropriate expression for environmental law enforcement. Many treaties have regulated the environment, mainly deforestation, and many countries have ratified these treaties. However, implementing these regulations did not necessarily stop countries from deforesting.Purposes of the Research: Furthermore, in this research, steps that could be implemented to tackle deforestation internationally were given.Methods of the Research: This research was normative juridical research that examined an international law regulation, using qualitative analysis, and using secondary data.Results of the Research: Based on international data, many countries still carried out desertification, which amounts to thousands of hectares per year. One of the reasons for the weak implementation of treaties relating to environmental protection was the absence of coercive power from international conventions over the State's sovereign authority in forest management.Weak international environmental enforcement is caused by inadequate supervision and control as well as strong authority based on state sovereignty over forest management and utilization which depends on government policies, and the system of settlement and imposition of fines that still originate from a lawsuit

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KEITH, KENNETH J. "The International Rule of Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 28, no. 3 (July 30, 2015): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156515000199.

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AbstractThe ‘rule of law’ is a concept at the very heart of the United Nations (UN) mission declared its Secretary-General, Kofi Annan. What does the concept mean internationally? The paper considers its role in international adjudication; in the UN more generally; in terms of the acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ); the difference between thick and thin definitions of the concept; equality before the law; the requirement of clarity and certainty by reference to interpretation of treaties and maritime delimitation; compliance by Governments with international law; and the peaceful settlement of international disputes; and concludes with the importance of personal qualities and professional qualities.

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Bakhshali Zeynalli, Nargiz. "SIGNIFICANCE OF UMBRELLA CLAUSES IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/362-365.

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A large number of investment treaties contain provisions, often referred to as ‘umbrella clauses’, that require host states to respect non-treaty commitments and obligations made to foreign investment covered by the treaty. This article examines the general nature of umbrella clauses, their historical background, the various forms that they can take, and their application by arbitral tribunals. In view of the unsettled state of the jurisprudence on umbrella clauses, the article concludes with a suggested framework of analysis for applying umbrella clauses to specific investments, setting out a number of questions which persons applying umbrella clauses should seek to address. Key words: arbitration, umbrella clauses, international treaty obligations, foreign investment, bilateral investment treaties, contractual obligations

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Schmalenbach, K. "International Institutional Veil in Public International Law. International Organisations & the Law of Treaties." European Journal of International Law 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp020.

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Desierto, Diane A. "Treaties in the Philippine Constitutional System." ICL Journal 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 27–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2021-0035.

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Abstract International law has always had a dual significance to the Philippine constitutional system. On the one hand, the frequent articulation of international law principles within modern Philippine constitutional norms, statutes, and administrative rules demonstrate an outward-looking normative ethos – one I have described in other scholarship to be consistent with the 1987 Philippine Constitution’s ‘universalist history’. On the other hand, the considerable volume of Philippine jurisprudence applying international law norms to date overwhelmingly illustrate how Philippine litigants have strategically deployed international law (most especially international human rights law) over the years, as an acceptable external legal basis to hold Philippine government leaders to account under the vastly expanded judicial review doctrine in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. This active individual and group resort to adjudication and legislation could explain why international law has flourished under the postcolonial and post-dictatorship 1987 Philippine Constitution. This comprehensive jurisprudential, statutory, and constitutional analysis aims to show how, and to what degree, Philippine legal culture and history reflect a continuing deep engagement with international law, in ways that are certainly unique to the Philippines’ evolving political ideologies, colonial and postcolonial history, treatment, and implementation of international treaties within the Philippine constitutional system. Most importantly, the absence of explicit methodology for the breadth of constitutional interpretation of the Incorporation Clause under the 1987 Philippine Constitution warrants normative rethinking, so as not to uniformly open the floodgates to hard international law sources (eg treaties, customs, general principles) as well as softer international instruments lacking the requisite State consent to the binding quality of such sources within the Philippine legal system. To this end, I make three proposals on how the Philippine Supreme Court could define an explicit methodology for use and interpretation of the Incorporation Clause, transparently refer to other foreign and international sources, and openly reassess its ideological bases for recognition of international law in the Philippine constitutional system, as part of the Court’s distinct judicial function.

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van Ert, Gibran. "Using Treaties in Canadian Courts." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 38 (2001): 3–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800007335.

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SummaryIncreasingly, litigants are seeking to rely on international treaties before domestic courts. The difficulties they face, together with the judges hearing these cases, are great. Public international law is unknown territory for the vast majority of Canadian lawyers, both at the bar and on the bench. Moreover, the rules according to which international treaties take effect in Canadian domestic law engage a wide variety of legal sources, including ancient common law jurisprudence, unwritten constitutional rules, federalism, and the provisions of theCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedomsand other Canadian human rights instruments. The object of this article is to describe in a comprehensive manner how international treaties may be used in Canadian courts. The disparate and seemingly unrelated norms informing the Anglo-Canadian law of treaty reception, including the implementation requirement, the treaty presumption, the rule inLabour Conventions, and the landmark decision inBakerv.Canada, are depicted as internally-consistent manifestations of the guiding principles of the Canadian reception system: self-government and respect for international law.

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Popadynets, G. A. "REASONS FOR TERMINATION OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL RELATIONS." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Series: Juridical Sciences 5 (2019): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2707-0581/2019.5/42.

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Ansari Mahyari, Alireza, and Leila Raisi. "INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF INVESTMENT IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION PROCEDURE AND INVESTMENT TREATIES." Jurídicas 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2018.15.2.2.

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