Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International trafficking'
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1
Wilcox, Joseph Morgan. "Trafficking in women: International sex services." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2754.
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This research looks to identify precursors to women becoming involved in trafficking for prostitution and/or sexual services in the United States. The failure to find patterns or trends regarding why women are trafficked or what types of women are trafficked most often, helps dispel some myths regarding the stereotypical victim of trafficking.
2
Arslan, Selin. "Women Trafficking In Turkey: International Cooperation And Intervention." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608051/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
WOMEN TRAFFICKING IN TURKEY: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND INTERVENTION
Arslan, Selin
MS., Department of Gender and Women&rsquos Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Yusuf Ziya Ö
zcan December, 2006, 217 pages. This study has focused on analyzing the women trafficking in Turkey and the international cooperation and interventions which Turkey has done in years between 2004 and 2006. While mentioning efforts on combating human trafficking and international cooperation and interventions, the support of International Organization for Migration (IOM), the leading intergovernmental organization working against trafficking, which Turkey became member in 2004, should be mentioned as well. This study is trying to show the efforts of Turkey in the situation of combating with an organized crime, a gross human rights violation-especially after becoming member of the International Organization for Migration. Before discussing the situation and efforts in Turkey on counter trafficking the realization of women&rsquo
s rights the emergence of the women&rsquo
s discourse within the international arena and the international debate on trafficking especially after the Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP) have been introduced and discussed in detail. Such a beginning facilitated conceptualization of (1) the evolution of the emergence of conscious on trafficking crime in the international arena (2) the sprout of the idea and perception of &ldquo
combating trafficking crime&rdquo
in Turkish society and (3) the transformation of the Turkish context related to trafficking issues in the light of discussions emerged by the support of IOM Turkey.
3
Leech, Tasha Nicole. "Human Trafficking: the Gap between International regulation and Enforcement." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205089.
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The goal of this thesis is to provide insight as to why the number of trafficking cases and convictions is still relatively low compared to the total volume of trafficking occurring, even though the trade is increasingly addressed by international law. Through a study of trafficking itself, a summary of current international legislation, and an analysis of the implementation of said legislation this thesis will show that the gap between legislation and enforcement can be partially accounted for by a widespread failure by states to adequately address the demand for trafficked persons in their national legislation. While this is far from a complete explanation of the problem it is an important piece of the puzzle.
4
Hulsey, Amber Lee. "Human Trafficking| Flying under the Radar." Thesis, The University of Southern Mississippi, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10752077.
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The global hegemon, the United States encompasses roughly 57,000 to 63,000 of the roughly 45.8 million slaves present across the world today (Walk Free Foundation 2016a). This dissertation research uses the theoretical lens of Human Security as a unique approach in that it is people-centered, focusing on the individual, rather than the more traditional theories in international relations that emphasize the state as the central actor. This dissertation focuses on the understudied area of human trafficking into and within the United States. More specifically, the objective of this research examines the movement of trafficked persons via air and details actions to be taken to combat human trafficking.
Although the world relies upon aerial commerce to enable globalization and interdependence, these same transportation systems and flows that carry persons and goods for legal commerce and trade can also be used as an avenue for illegal commerce, including trafficking of human. Thus, the researcher surveyed aviation personnel in various sectors of the industry, government organizations, non-government organization and victims/survivors via an online survey platform and utilized social media to reach potential survey participants. The sample size used for this study was 10,065 and the study received 578 participants.
The data collection procedures and results used in this dissertation were designed to identify gaps in security safeguards that further enable human trafficking via aircraft. The author presents strategies that can be adopted to reduce, if not eliminate, human trafficking into and within the United States via air. The researcher identified eleven opportunities for future research and discusses the limitations. The studied reveals seven key findings: definition of human trafficking is not known in totality, the level of human trafficking awareness, the number of human trafficking cases identified, the characteristics of the typical respondent, aviation sectors place a slightly different areas of emphasis of human trafficking that is understudied, understudied areas of human trafficking were different than that of the typical respondent, and the absence of human trafficking regulations and training. Finally, the study introduces a comprehensive-holistic human trafficking training curriculum entitled, “Operation Safe House: Human Trafficking Training for Aviation Professionals.”
5
Staton, Nicollette Marie. "International Anti-Trafficking Norms in Kosovo:How local actors implement global expectations." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399566636.
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6
Cinar, Yildiz Sermin. "International Organizations And Human Rights: The Case Of International Organization For Migration (iom) As Part Of Counter Trafficking Efforts In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610289/index.pdf.
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Trafficking in persons is a phenomenon that threatens not only basic human rights but also source, passage and destination countriestherefore, it rightfully draws international attention. Being a global threat, it necessitates cooperation and intervention. The aim of the thesis is to analyze anti-trafficking efforts in Turkey by focusing on a particular international initiative. To this end, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is selected as a case and its activities in Turkey are mentioned with the ultimate goal of questioning its effectiveness in the process of fighting against trafficking in persons. The thesis examines the phenomenon of trafficking in persons with a conceptual analysis by dwelling upon the objectives, function and perspective of the IOM. It concentrates on the IOM, which actively assists the Turkish government in every aspect of migration and in combating human trafficking with a particular focus on trafficking in women through the counter-trafficking program implemented in 2004. The thesis also aims at evaluating whether international and local actors take effective actions that cover both the prevention and punishment of trafficking in women, and the protection of victims&rsquo
rights. The binding international legal instrument on the subject matter, the UN Trafficking Protocol of 2000, will be referred to and different approaches to the evaluation of the problem will be mentioned so as to present the focal points of the varying goals.
7
Defuns, Pascal S. "International Arts Trafficking Phenomenology, Criminal Prosecution, Subsumtion : Swiss Law /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00643361004/$FILE/00643361004.pdf.
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8
Ferguson, John A. "International human trafficking in Canada : why so few prosecutions?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42474.
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This study investigated the anomaly between the claims that international human trafficking is wide spread in Canada versus the paucity of international trafficking prosecutions that have been achieved in this country following almost a decade of anti-trafficking enforcement. It relied upon a research approach that was anchored by Pierre Bourdieu’s ‘field’ theory in order to unite the disparate issues that were examined in this project into a cohesive explanation for why there have been so few international human trafficking prosecutions in Canada. This thesis examines how moral reform and radical feminism have come to dominate the trafficking discourse and how that dominance has resulted in a general understanding of the crime where the victims are vulnerable foreign women and children trafficked for the sex trade. The study traces the interaction that has taken place between the international anti-trafficking social movement and the Canadian government in order to demonstrate the influence that this social construction of international trafficking has had upon the government’s anti-trafficking policy, law and enforcement strategies. Through an analysis of government documents, statistical enforcement results, study research interviews, and alternative explanations that have been offered to account for the lack of international trafficking prosecutions, this thesis establishes that the most plausible explanation for so few international trafficking prosecutions in Canada is that the international trafficking of foreign women and girls into Canada for prostitution is not as systemic in this country as many have claimed. The examination of the lone international trafficking prosecution reveals that the victim formation which underpins the understanding of international trafficking can appreciably affect prosecutions because it dismisses from consideration as victims those persons who exist beyond the parameters of the accepted international human trafficking victim indicia.
9
Torres, Candice. "Sex trafficking Florida's response to the international organized crime." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/521.
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Florida has the second-highest incidence of human trafficking in the country. Sex trafficking of women into and out of the state of Florida is defined by various terms from international, national and local terms. The United Nations defines sex trafficking in Article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime as: "Trafficking in persons: shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation". This study explores the experiences of women who have been trafficked as well as the recruitment strategies by which women are trafficked and to what extent their life changes. This study aims to understand the extent to which local nonprofits in the state of Florida have tackled the issue as well as the international, federal and state government laws are enforced. The findings will provide useful guidelines to help nonprofits in the state of Florida work together to combat the issue as well as be used as an informative research proposal for the community to push stronger legislation and raise more awareness.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
10
WINKELLER, HEATHER CHRISTINE. "HUMAN TRAFFICKING: AN INTERNATIONAL PROBLEM IN A REGIONAL FOCUS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192255.
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11
Manavalan, Sangeetha. "The global problem of sex trafficking in women : a comparative legal analysis of international, European, and national responses." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/31854.
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There has been a flurry of legislative action at the international and regional levels to address the global problem of trafficking in persons, which victimises epidemic-proportions of individuals and generates one of the largest proceeds of organised crime. The harmonisation of national legal responses based on minimum standards around prevention, prosecution, and protection as espoused by those international and regional instruments is a prerequisite for effective and wide cooperation among countries of origin, transit, and destination. However, the reluctance of states to lift to the lofty heights of international consensus the contentious policy issues surrounding trafficking, including prostitution, has resulted in the adoption of rather ambiguous anti-trafficking norms and obligations, which allow states to individually determine what constitutes 'trafficking in persons' within their own jurisdictions. The subsequent divergence in national responses reveals that legal harmonisation has not taken place. The mechanisms of enforcement, which attach directly or indirectly to those international and regional instruments, therefore, have the formidable task of assisting states in the implementation of the substantive content of anti-trafficking norms and obligations through their monitoring and reporting mandates. However, their work remains a neglected area of academic research, compared to writings on the ambiguity of the international anti-trafficking framework. The challenge to international regulation of the trafficking problem, as identified in this thesis, relates on a fundamental level to the systemic limitations of the formal processes of law based on state consent and respect for the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity. Through a comparative legal analysis of international and European legal responses to sex trafficking in women, this thesis illuminates the main systemic challenges to combating trafficking in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, the Netherlands, Romania, and Sweden, and how the work of those enforcement mechanisms remedies some of those challenges.
12
Horzum, Ekin Deniz. "Charting the international legal framework applicable to modern day human trafficking." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8677/.
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This thesis argues that the international legal framework applicable to human trafficking is inadequate to address contemporary challenges. It also explains why and how human trafficking is a controversial phenomenon due to its complex nature, which is shaped by real-world incidences. Overall, this thesis stresses that human trafficking is real, and that survivors are human beings, who do matter. Drawing on international law, in order to capture the inadequacy of international legal framework, this thesis discusses the definition of human trafficking in comparison to the terms modern-day slavery and migrant smuggling, and considers obligations to protect, including identification and non- criminalisation of human trafficking victims. In the context of definitional analysis, this thesis not only looks at the international legal regulations pertaining to related phenomena, but also critically reviews international law to help address how human trafficking is defined and understood by the international community, including the media, scholars and international courts, alongside real-world incidents. The definition of human trafficking and obligations to protect are evidently interrelated; without defining human trafficking, identification of trafficking victims, as required by the obligations of protection, is not possible. In this respect, there are two main aspects in which international law does not adequately respond to human trafficking crimes: defining human trafficking and identifying its ‘victims’/survivors, as is explained in this thesis.
13
Solakhyan, Marina. "Trafficking of women promoting international human rights norms through prevention, protection, and prosecution (Three "P"s) in Armenia." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1180096688.
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14
Irhiam, Hend. "The Role of International Organizations in Fighting Child Trafficking in West and Central Africa." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1244136767.
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15
Szczerba, Christopher. "The Effects of Development on Policies in the Prevention of International Human Trafficking." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1644.
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Governments and leaders across the globe almost universally agree that human trafficking is a modern atrocity that has harshly negative effects for individuals, communities, entire states and the international community. Nevertheless, they are not in agreement on how best to investigate cases and provide aid to victims. Many states lack the resources to effectively
create and implement policies. Governments must act to protect their citizens and people within their borders. Policies are necessary to correctly identify victims, investigate accusations, bring cases to trial and prevent vulnerable populations from becoming victimized through awareness. This thesis asserts that there is a link between the development level of a state and its ability to limit the grotesque crimes of trafficking that occur within its borders. Using the United Nation's annual report which details the development ranking of individual states, it is possible to comparatively analyze the ability of these states to comply with international standards established by the United States of America in the protection of victims of human trafficking. Special attention is paid to the challenges that societies face when there are drastic changes to states' economic activity or political stability and how these affect the frequency of trafficking occurrences and a government’s ability to respond.B.A.
Bachelors
Political Science
Sciences
16
Lagpao, Rosangela <1992>. "GENDER & DRUG: Latin American women’s involvement in the international drug trafficking." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9983.
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L’elaborato si propone di affrontare il collegamento che può non essere così implicito all’interno del binomio “droga e questioni di genere”. La partecipazione delle donne nel mercato della droga, infatti, è diventato un argomento di rilievo specialmente a partire dall’inizio del ventunesimo secolo. Il coinvolgimento della figura femminile in quest’ambito illegale ha suscitato preoccupazione non solo a livello nazionale ed ha infatti coinvolto e messo in moto cooperazioni soprattutto a livello internazionale. Varie istituzioni si sono mosse per promuovere tale collaborazione affinchè si affrontasse il tema droga sotto questa prospettiva. Si è quindi cercato di trovare un perché al fenomeno e di ragionare sui motivi che spingessero la donna ad entrare nel mercato della droga. Dopo una breve introduzione all’argomento, la tesi si sviluppa dividendosi in tre capitoli ben delineati.
Il primo capitolo sarà una finestra sul mercato della droga in America Latina: si apre con una presentazione di come questo business sia nato nella regione e come si sia evoluto fino ai giorni nostri. In seguito vengono presentate le produzioni maggiori presenti nel territorio, convenendo alla fine che la droga maggiormente prodotta sia proprio la cocaina. Alla fine, verranno descritte le contromisure a questo traffico illegale adottate dagli Stati Uniti e dall’Unione Europea.
Il secondo capitolo sviluppa gli argomenti in chiave più teorica, presentando gli studi nati in ambito internazionale riguardanti il traffico di droga. Vengono illustrate le due teorie emergenti che presentano questi scambi illegali come un mercato vero e proprio e come un nemico straniero da cui difendersi. Ciò ha conseguentemente portato allo sviluppo di ulteriori analisi, il cui fil rouge è basato sulla differenza di genere e sul ruolo subordinato della figura femminile.
L’ultima parte, invece, sarà la più specifica e cercherà di concentrarsi su un esempio in particolare: in questo caso la Colombia. Si proveranno ad analizzare testimonianze e a riflettere su ciò che si è detto nel capitolo precedente per analizzare la situazione delle donne coinvolte nel mercato della droga in questa determinata nazione. Peculiari sono i casi in cui è la donna la figura dominante in questo ambiente. Griselda Blanco, colombiana, rappresenta l’esmpio migliore.
17
Gaspari, Laura <1992>. "The fight against women sex trafficking In International, European and Italian Law." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10506.
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Human trafficking is the second most profitable illicit activity after trafficking in firearms and drugs, especially of women for sexual exploitation. In the last few decades, the issue of human trafficking has gained increasingly importance at a global level and many steps have been made to fight it. Starting from the UN Trafficking Protocol supplementing the Transnational Crime Convention of 2000, the need for a comprehensive approach that look at trafficked people as victims, involving new international and local actors along with States and law enforcement agents, has been required. Not only should States act through the prosecution and repression of offenders but also, they should commit themselves to effective protection and assistance measures for victims. In fact, human trafficking is a clear violation of human rights, dignity, and a real gender issue in the whole process of recruitment, transportation, and exploitation, especially for women and minors. The present work focuses on the systems of protection and assistance for sex trafficking victims provided by the International, European, and Italian law, with the aim of comparing them, emphasizing their development and effectiveness. It aims at understanding if the victims are at the centre of anti-trafficking policies nowadays or if the repressive approach to prosecute offenders is still the priority. To examine the analysis provided, a case study of the situation of Verona, in the North-East of Italy will be used.
18
Sikka, Annuradha. "Trafficking in Persons in Canada: Looking for a "Victim"." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31786.
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This dissertation looks at the concept of “trafficking in persons” and how it has been created, interpreted and utilized in the international sphere and in Canada. Using the approach of Critical Legal Pluralism (CLP), it examines the legal regulation of trafficking as being created through a bi-directional constitutive process, with paradigmatic conceptions of trafficking having a hand in creating regulation as well as being influenced by it. Through a review of data retrieved using a variety of qualitative methods as well as classic legal analysis, this dissertation explores the operation of various social actors and their effect on the determination of what trafficking is, and who is worthy of protection from it.
In Part One the international framework is outlined through a discussion of the creation of the dominant paradigm of trafficking and implementations of it. Chapter One traces the history of the anti-trafficking movement by looking at the development of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, and by examining the creation of dominant discourses around trafficking. Chapter 2 uses CLP to examine the influences of a variety of actors on the creation of these discourses and the repercussions the discourses have had on the implementation of anti-trafficking policies.
Part Two then turns to the Canadian context. In Chapter Three, classical legal methodologies are employed to discuss Canada’s obligations under international law with respect to trafficking, as well as the creation of definitions of trafficking in the Canadian legal regulatory context. Chapter Four then reviews data from Canada to discuss the ways in which various actors have been involved in the creation and operation of the dominant paradigm and how it in turn affects the operation of trafficking-related legal constructs. Ultimately, it is found that due to the influence of the dominant paradigm and the motivations that aid in its operation, programs and policies framed under the rubric of “trafficking” necessarily fail to achieve meaningful redress for the groups they purport to benefit.
On this basis, an alternative approach is suggested to address phenomena currently being dealt with through anti-trafficking frameworks. A move is suggested away from a focus on “trafficking” to a sectoral approach, accounting for the complexities and histories of individuals subject to exploitative circumstances.
19
Westerstrand, Jenny. "Mellan mäns händer : Kvinnors rättssubjektivitet, internationell rätt och diskurser om prostitution och trafficking." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9362.
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The present study has a three folded focus, framed by one over all aim; to critically discuss and evaluate the constructions of women’s legal subjectivity in dominant feminist discourses on prostitution and trafficking. First, I set out to develop a gender theoretical understanding of prostitution. I relate prostitution to a context of reproduction and gender, where the separation between women’s sexuality and reproduction is understood as operating as creating a split femininity, and likewise to construct a unified masculinity. Secondly, I examine the discursive orders on prostitution and trafficking. I examine the frameworks of thought on prostitution and trafficking as they have been formulated in an international debate (on international law) during the last decades. Thirdly, focusing on the discourse that seeks to normalise prostitution as sex work, I examine how the creation of women's legal personhood with in this discourse takes place through an oscilliation between discursive orders on prostitution and trafficking, emphasizing some times different and conflicting ways of promoting women’s rights. One crucial question is how understandings of prostitution, when transposed to a context of trafficking, are expressed through a "judicial reasoning", and how these expressions might shed light upon the construction of women’s legal standing. The aim of the dissertation is to contribute to a comprehensive feminist theoretical understanding of the relation between, on the one hand, different positions on prostitution and trafficking within international law, and the discourses disputing its substance on the other.
20
Boukli, Paraskevi. "Imaginary penalities : reconsidering anti-trafficking discourses and technologies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/435/.
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The antithesis between a criminalisation and a human rights approach in the context of trafficking in women has been considered a highly contested issue. On the one hand, it is argued that a criminalisation approach would be better, because security measures will be fortified, the number of convictions will inevitably increase, and states’ interests will be safeguarded against security threats. On the other hand, it is maintained that a human rights approach would bring more effective results, as this will mobilise a more ‘holistic’ approach, bringing together prevention, prosecution, protection of victims and partnerships in delivering gendered victim services. This antithesis, discursively constructed at an international level, cuts across a decentralised reliance on the national competent authorities. To investigate this powerful discursive domain, I set these approaches within the larger framework of a tripartite ‘anti-trafficking promise’ that aims to eliminate trafficking through criminalisation, security and human rights. I ask how clearly and distinctively each term has been articulated, by the official anti-trafficking actors (police and service providers), and what the nature of their interaction is within the larger whole. In grappling with these questions, I undertake both empirical and theoretical enquiry. The empirical part is based on research I conducted at the Greek anti-trafficking mechanisms in 2008-2009. The theoretical discussion draws, in particular, on the concept of ‘imaginary penalities’ introduced in the criminological work of Pat Carlen. I consider what it might mean to bring this concept to bear in the context of anti-trafficking. In my analysis, criminalisation is linked to a ‘toughness’ rhetoric, an ever-encroaching and totalising demand for criminal governance. Security is shown to express the contemporary grammar of criminalisation, crafting a global language of risks and threats as core elements of the post 9/11 ideological conditions in the area of crime control. Finally, human rights are figured as tempering or correcting the criminal law for the sake of victims’ protection. Together, these three elements constitute a promise that, once they are balanced and stabilised, trafficking can be abolished. Yet it is not only trafficking that is at stake. My study shows how anti-trafficking discursive formations also produce particular forms of subjectivity and conceptions of class, sex, ethnicity and race. The upshot is to bring into focus the imaginary penalities at the centre of anti-trafficking discourses and technologies, while also suggesting the possibilities for contesting and transforming their subjects and fields of operation. The thesis opens up the conceptual map of future critical engagement with the relation of structural inequalities and imaginary penalities.
21
Roberts, Arthrine Meletha. "A Collaborative Approach With Therapists: Training and Utilizing the Roberts Human Trafficking Tool to Identify Domestic and International Victims of Human Trafficking." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/34.
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Human trafficking is prevalent globally, nationally and locally. In the state of Florida, there are many victims of domestic and international human trafficking. Therapists work in settings where they come in contact with victims of human trafficking while they are still in captivity. However, many therapists lack the training and resources to identify victims of human trafficking in the therapeutic setting, and so many of these victims go unidentified. While there are several human trafficking identification tools, none are designed exclusively for therapists to identify both international and domestic victims of sex trafficking. To address this need, I developed the Roberts Human Trafficking Tool (RHTT). This assessment used a collaborative approach for therapists to identify youths who are domestic and international victims of sex trafficking. This project utilized one action research cycle to obtain therapists’ feedback and suggestions for the improvement of the tool. To do this, I trained four stakeholders who were human trafficking therapists in South Florida on the assessment who utilized it among themselves and provided feedback for its advancement. This feedback was used to make changes to improve the tool. The findings indicate that the Roberts Human Trafficking Tool is a unique and interactive tool that helps break barriers in working with the human trafficking population. An important prerequisite for the effective utilization of the RHTT assessment is training therapists on human trafficking and on utilizing the tool.
22
Hartl, Jennifer Ann. "Human trafficking in the Russian Federation: an examination of the anti-trafficking efforts of the federal government, non-governmental organizations and the International Organization for Migration." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/682.
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This paper examines human trafficking operations in the Russian Federation as well as the efforts of the Russian government, non-governmental organizations, and the International Organization for Migration to prevent trafficking, prosecute traffickers, and provide assistance to survivors of trafficking. Russia has made considerable efforts in the past nineteen years to become a key economic player on the global stage. However, government corruption and an economy propped up by corporations entangled in the buying, selling, and exploitaiton of human beings undermines the pursuit of Great Power status. Field research conducted in Moscow in 2009 revealed that government efforts to combat human trafficking in Russia currently fall short thereby perpetuating a cycle of human trafficking, corruption, organized crime, and poverty.
23
Fleetwood, Jennifer Swanson. "Women in the international cocaine trade : gender, choice and agency in context." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9895.
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This thesis is about women in the international cocaine trade and in particular about their experiences as drug mules. This is the first comprehensive qualitative investigation based on the accounts of women and men who worked as drug mules and those who organise and manage trafficking cocaine by mule across international borders. Two explanations for women’s involvement in drug trafficking compete. The ‘feminisation of poverty’ thesis contends that women’s participation in the drug trade results from (and is a response to) their economic and social subordination. The ‘emancipation thesis’ contends that women’s participation in the drugs trade is an effect of women’s liberation. This thesis explores if and how women’s involvement in the drug trafficking (recruitment and ‘work’) is shaped by their gender. I interviewed 37 men and women drug traffickers imprisoned in Quito, Ecuador. This location was chosen due to the high numbers of women and men imprisoned for drug trafficking crimes. Respondents came from all levels of the drug trade and from different parts of the world. Data was collected and analysed using narrative analysis to understand the way in which discourses of victimhood were created in prison. This allowed for a sensitive interpretation of the meaning of victimhood and agency in respondents’ responses. The substantive section of the thesis examines two aspects of women’s involvement in drug trafficking in depth. The first section examines aspects of women’s recruitment into the drug trade as mules; the second section examines the work that mules do. This research finds that women’s participation in the international cocaine trade cannot be adequately understood through the lens of either victimisation or volition. The contexts in which men and women chose to work as a mule were diverse reflecting their varied backgrounds (nationality, age, experience, employment status, as well as gender). Furthermore, mules’ motivations reflected not only volition but also coercion and sometimes threat of violence. Although gender was a part of the context in which respondents became involved in mulework, it was not the only, or the most important aspect. Secondly, this research examined the nature of mule-work. Most mules (men and women) willingly entered a verbal contract to work as a drugs mule; nonetheless the context of ‘mule-work’ is inherently restrictive. Mules were subject to surveillance and management by their ‘contacts’ had few opportunities to have control or choice over their work. Collaboration, resistance and threat were often played out according to gendered roles and relationships but gender was not a determining factor. Nonetheless, respondents could and did find ways to negotiate resist and take action in diverse and creative ways. Prior research on the cocaine trade has ignored the importance of women’s participation or has considered it only in limited ways driven by gender stereotypes. Thus, this research addresses a significant gap in available evidence on women in the drug trade. This research also contributes to contemporary debates in theories of women’s offending which have centred on the role of victimisation and agency in relation to women’s offending.
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Wilson, Angela Mary. "Constructions of Human Trafficking in the Australian Sex Industry: an International Relations Perspective." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/86380.
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I explore how the Australian Government constructs human trafficking in the Australian sex industry as a problem and who influences this construction; I do not assume it is a problem and simply look at the Government’s response. It is this subtle difference which forms the core of my research. This dissertation is significant in International Relations because it looks at a human security issue concerning a group of people whose voices are often ignored.
25
Arcenas, Maria Teresa L. Sriprapha Petcharamesree. "Human rights protection beyond state borders : a study of national laws on anti-trafficking in women in the Philippines and in Malaysia /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd405/4637983.pdf.
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Albannai, Humaid Ali Mohammad. "Combating the trafficking of women in the United Arab Emirates : a critical analysis of the United Arab Emirates legal response in the context of international law." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17141.
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The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a key destination and transit country for human trafficking. Human trafficking is a complex international criminal enterprise that supplies humans for many different forms of forced labour and commercial sexual exploitation. It has devastating effects on its victims. Theories suggest that human trafficking is strongly linked to migration, which would explain why it has become an urgent issue for the UAE, since its massive influx of migrants seeking a better life and economic circumstances, are habitually lured to the UAE and subjected to exploitation by traffickers. It is a situation that in recent years has tarnished the UAE's reputation to the international community and its wealthy investors. It is for all of these reasons that this thesis is concerned with human trafficking in the UAE, with a special focus on the trafficking of women, as well as the legal mechanisms and initiatives created to combat this scourge. At the heart of this investigation is Federal Law No. 51 which marked a pivotal moment for the UAE, as it was a law specifically designed to address trafficking on its territory. However, as with laws drafted by the international community, there exist difficulties with how trafficking should be construed, and with how traffickers and trafficked victims should be treated in order to effectively eliminate this crime. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance and benefits of a victim-centred human rights based approach, as opposed to the pervasive crime control one, which includes ensuring that victims are genuinely protected and fully rehabilitated to re-enter society. In addition, the research provides crucial insights from Islamic law and principles that raise significant implications for understanding how the trafficking in women should be conceptualised and dealt with in modern-day Muslim societies such as the UAE.
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Klynn, Nicholas M. "Supranationalism in the Fight Against Transnational Threats: A Comparative Study of ASEAN and EU Policy Responses to Human Trafficking." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/509.
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Transnational security threats are among the most pressing and complicated problems facing both governmental and non-governmental actors in today's world. Human trafficking is one example of contemporary transnational security threat that is relatively less studied compared to other transnational security threats. Because transnational security threats such as human trafficking exist above and outside the boundaries of state control, it may be supposed that a greater degree of supranationalism in the policy responses to them would yield better results in combatting these modern-day ills. Anti-trafficking efforts from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Union are examined to assess the impact of degree of supranationalism present in the respective policy responses to determine if any advantage is gained from aligning supranational policies to transnational problems. This question is not answered conclusively due to a lack of supranationalism present in key areas of EU governance responsible for law enforcement efforts.
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Constantinou, Angelo. "EU Acquis, international law, and local implementation : trafficking in women and the sex trade in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6458.
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Despite its long pre-existence, the issue of human trafficking (especially for sexual purposes) has become the epicentre of attention since the closing of the past century. The globe-wide attempt of politicians, academics, practitioners, technocrats, activists, and journalists to define, advocate, measure, and ‘control’ people trafficking has brought to the fore particular (re)actions. One such example is the EU and international law that aim to facilitate the legal framework within which national administrations should embark upon to ‘better deal’ with human trafficking. While EU and international law can only go so far as to lay the theoretical basis that signatory states must follow for dealing with human trafficking, ultimately, planning and implementing public policy become the prerogative of the individual state. In light of this, the central contribution of this study is the exploration of the application of EU and international law in concern with human trafficking within the Cypriot context. In other words, how EU and international law on human trafficking are applied in day-to-day interactions between state employees, civil groups, and trafficked women. For this purpose, the study examines the interpretation and application of the local legislation by the criminal justice agencies as well as the local NGOs. Notably, such undertakings are informed by past and present geopolitical and socio-economic developments that have been taking place since the British colonisation of Cyprus. Research findings (based on ethnographic fieldwork and documentary study), demonstrate that EU’s attempt to enforce legislative cohesion, common policies, and harmonised practices over the issue of human trafficking across its Member States is yet to materialise. The case of Cyprus, and at times of other EU States, are used as a paradigm in which both, the EU acquis and international law fail to impose legal prescriptions on national authorities. To illustrate, the dimensions of prevention, detection, identification, prosecution, and adjudication of human trafficking, as well as trafficking victims’ protection, rehabilitation, and repatriation are explored in piecemeal and they all testify of systemic deviations from EU and international guidelines. Both Cypriot public services and local NGOs assigned to handle human trafficking are not in a position to bear the standards laid out by the EU and the CoE. Consequently, victims of trafficking are often predisposed to adverse conditions and as a result, they are often undertreated. Moreover, it is often the case that law on paper—both EU and Cypriot— and law in practice are diametrically different.
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Al-Zoubi, Muath Yahia Yosef. "An analysis of the crime of trafficking in persons under international law with a special focus on Jordanian legislation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12138.
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This thesis analyses the crime of trafficking in persons under international law with a special focus on Jordanian legislation, arguing that efforts to address the crime of trafficking in persons require a holistic approach, but it will focus on questions of jurisdiction and legal definitions. After analysing the definitions, elements, forms, and typologies of the crime of trafficking in persons under the Trafficking in Persons Protocol (TIPP) as the main legal international instrument, this thesis further examines whether or not Jordanian legislation is in line with international standards. Then, under the holistic approach to addressing the crime of trafficking in persons, this thesis examines trafficking in persons as a transnational organised crime. Subsequently, it examines trafficking in persons as a crime against humanity by examining whether or not the International Criminal Court (ICC) might be regarded as an effective organ for addressing trafficking in persons as a crime against humanity. Later, the thesis examines the efforts made in Jordan to address the crime of trafficking in persons. Accordingly, this thesis concludes that trafficking in persons is a multi-dimensional problem and that long-term success will not be achieved by taking a disjunctive approach to addressing its many facets. Therefore, achieving a unified approach will lead to a permanent solution or will at least make a major contribution to addressing the problem.
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Derghoukassian, Khatchik. "Illicit Associations in the Global Political Economy: Courtesan Politics, Arms Trafficking and International Security." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/467.
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The accelerated trend of globalization has transformed the traditional role of the state. According to James Mittelman and Robert Johnston, the state is engaged in a courtesan role, which consists in shifting from serving citizens to acting as tacit partners in market relations, including with globally organized criminal groups. Building on the concept of the courtesan role of the state, this study addresses: (a) the general question of direct and indirect connections of states with illicit transactions in the post-Cold War, with a special attention to arms trafficking; (b) the reaction of the United States, as the remaining unique superpower, to the behavior of states associated with global illicit transactions, especially when involving security-sensitive cases such as arms transfer; (c) the security implications of this particular feature of the global illicit economy, particularly how threats are defined in international politics in the post-Cold War unipolar world. Focusing on the Argentina venta de armas case of illicit arms transfer to the Balkans and Ecuador in the 1990s, the research explores (a) the structural conditions and the domestic roots of a state engaged in illegal transactions in the post-Cold War; (b) the superpower's reaction to policies involving illicit transactions; (c) the security consequences. Through these venues, the dissertation aims at refining the debate in IR Theory to provide a better understanding of the international security dynamics in the post-Cold War.
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Högfors, Frida. "Human Trafficking : International Law and the Regulation of Sexual Exploitationof Women on the Internet." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86526.
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Lewis, Emily Nicole Anna. "Assessing the current state of government and community influence on anti-child trafficking efforts in the north west region of Cameroon, Africa." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/542.
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Human trafficking affects every country in the world regardless of a country's history, laws, economic status, anti-trafficking efforts, or religious beliefs. Trafficking in persons has largely resulted from mass globalization during the 20th century. Human trafficking is a violation of the most fundamental human rights and must be addressed in a critical way in order to protect and prevent further trafficking. Child trafficking is one aspect of the trafficking of persons which fundamentally violates the rights of children. Child trafficking and exploitation is currently plaguing many countries including The Republic of Cameroon. Both the practices to combat trafficking and progress trafficking are evident with reference to the government of Cameroon and Cameroonian society. The objective of this project is to identify and explain how the government of Cameroon and its citizens are both combating and progressing child trafficking and exploitation.
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Horn, Wilmarie. "South Africa's legal complaince with its international obligations in respect of child trafficking / Wilmarie Horn." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4204.
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Trafficking in children, commonly referred to as modern-day slavery, violates the fundamental rights of children, including the right to family- or parental care, or to appropriate alternative care when removed form the family environment; the right to be protected from maltreatment, neglect abuse or degradation; and to be protected from exploitative labour practices. The aims of this study are to analyse international and national legal measures currently in place to address the issue of child trafficking in South Africa; including the prevention of child trafficking, the protection of child victims of trafficking and the prosecution of traffickers. The study will further aim to evaluate future legal measures and policy which relate to child trafficking. Lastly a conclusion will be reached on the question whether South Africa is in compliance with its international and constitutional obligations with regard to child trafficking.Thesis (LL.M. (Law)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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AUSSERER, CAROLINE. "CONTROL IN THE NAME OF PROTECTION: CRITICAL ANALYSES OF DISCOURSES ABOUT INTERNATIONAL TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10177@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Este trabalho analisa o funcionamento, as ambigüidades e as implicações políticas dos discursos mais correntes contemporâneos sobre o tráfico internacional de pessoas. Neste sentido, são escolhidos três exemplos de interpretação da questão: o tráfico como problema de crime organizado; o tráfico como problema moral; e o tráfico como problema de migração. Baseando-se em conceitos de Michel Foucault, o enfoque do trabalho está na inter-relação entre o estabelecimento de regimes de verdade por meio de discursos, e a produtividade destes, ou seja, dependendo da definição da questão, distintas formas de solucionar o assunto são reivindicadas. O trabalho adverte que os discursos analisados, embora se apresentem em nome da proteção das vítimas do tráfico, na verdade, são utilizados para justificar a instalação de mecanismos de controle no sentido foucaultiano. Assim, a pesquisa visa a desconstruir estes discursos para, deste modo, problematizar as práticas políticas atuais que se baseiam prevalentemente neles, e para possibilitar uma compreensão mais diferenciada do assunto complexo de tráfico humano.
The present thesis analyses the working, the ambiguity and the political implications of contemporary discourses about trafficking in persons. Three examples were chosen to illustrate the most common interpretation of the issue: trafficking as a problem of organized crime, as a moral concern and as a question of migration. Based on concepts of Michel Foucault, the main focus of the investigation is the interplay between the establishment of regimes of truth by the discourses and their productivity. Depending on the definition of the issue there are different ways that claim to resolve the question. The work challenges the common understanding of strategies against trafficking developed in the name of protection of the victim and furthermore elaborates that these discourses are used to install mechanisms of control in Foucault´s sense. Thus, the investigation aims at deconstructing these discourses in order to highlight the problems of current anti-trafficking policies and therefore enables a more differentiated understanding of the complex topic of human trafficking.
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Whittam, Jennifer, and na. "An Enquiry into the Political Economy of International Heroin Trafficking, with Particular Reference to Southwest Asia." Griffith University. School of Arts, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20100729.112710.
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This thesis locates the global heroin trade within a world-systems theoretical framework. While the thesis identifies some of the factors responsible for the success of the international heroin trade, the primary aim is to focus on one facilitating aspect global financial flows of illegal or hot money. Central to the argument is that international production and trade in illegal heroin are buttressed by cycles of economic contractions within the world economy and by a global financial system that provides the means for the heroin trades profits to be easily laundered and invested in the legal economy. To illustrate the utility of these approaches in terms of a world-systems context, the thesis employs a global commodity chain perspective and elaborates the case study of Hüseyin Baybasin, a highly prominent convicted Kurdish businessman who has sometimes been identified as the worlds leading international heroin trafficker. This particular case study permits us to examine not only the complex web of historical, cultural, social, economic and political interactions within the international heroin trade, but also how the global heroin commodity chain is relevant to the broader debate about secessionist ethnic nationalism and development in the Third World. Focusing on Turkey, the thesis outlines the early historical periods in which different traditional patterns have prevailed for the majority of Kurdish people, and explains the disappearance of these patterns through the process of modernisation and globalisation, and how this relates to the global heroin trade. The argument thus provides an alternative, world-systems perspective to the more familiar accounts of international heroin trafficking that tend to focus on conventional interpretations of supply and demand and the activities of law enforcement agencies in physical interdiction.
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Mirei, Omar. "Trafficking in human beings for forced labour in domestic and international law : a comparative legal study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Abertay University, 2016. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2ec52521-f713-4ad7-ae1e-7edcd606afae.
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This thesis examines the effect of combating of human trafficking as a crime. Special emphasis has been placed on forced labour and the rights of trafficked victims and their protection. The study explores various legislations undertaken at regional, national and international levels and considers rights of trafficked victims under international human rights and Islamic rights. The aim of the thesis is to provide a critical and comparative analysis of the legal systems of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the United Kingdom (UK) in terms of human trafficking. The thesis consists of eight chapter; each covering a different aspect of the study. It begins by providing background information regarding the issue of human trafficking and proceeds to examine developments of legal frameworks across the two jurisdictions to combat this crime and penalize the criminals. It seeks to examine the legal system pertaining to human trafficking for forced labour and analyse the three distinct platforms, that is, prevention, protection, and punishment, by comparing the legal systems of the KSA and the UK. The examination of both countries aims to identify the strength and weaknesses of the KSA system as compared to the UK system. Thus, it concludes that the KSA can improve its ranking from Tier 2 watch list to Tier 1 if reforms are introduced in the legislation and enforcement domains. The study also demonstrates how the UK and the KSA portray ‘human trafficking’ in their regional laws. A problem often faced during the information-gathering and investigation stages is the lack of available evidence against traffickers, a particular issue in the KSA. The thesis concludes that the transnational aspect of this phenomenon makes it necessary to establish a thorough and comprehensive legal framework to cover all matters pertaining to this crime, including the protection of victims and punishment of criminals in the KSA and the UK, including immigration and ‘kafala’ strategies that may be of value in future researches.
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Pink, Ross Michael. "The gap between international law and enforcement vis a vis child trafficking in India and Thailand." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8761.
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This PhD thesis examines the issue of child trafficking in India and Thailand and the enforcement gap that exists in each state with respect to articles 34 and 35 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, CRC 1989, to which both states are signatories. The thesis specifically examines the crime of child trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation in the commercial sex industry, CSI, a problem that has been well documented in both states. It should be noted at the onset that the enforcement regime in both states is weak, according to authoritative sources such as the United States Government Department of State Annual Trafficking in Persons Report. The research examines factors that propel child trafficking, data on prosecutions and convictions as well as domestic laws designed to inhibit and prosecute child trafficking offences. Critical issues that influence child trafficking in both states are examined. These include: gender discrimination; caste discrimination in India and features of caste discrimination in Thailand; poverty; inadequate law enforcement regimes; the incidence of police and judicial corruption and evidence of inadequate training on child trafficking issues and law. The thesis is focused solely on internal child trafficking within each state. Based upon the research, field work, and interviews, the argument is presented that the enforcement gap vis a vis child trafficking inherent in each state must be understood as not only a law enforcement problem but also as a problem rooted in a multitude of complex, interrelated factors. By examining these factors and their impact upon the enforcement gap and child trafficking to the CSI, new avenues of understanding may emerge that can inform policy on prevention, law enforcement and deterrence.
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Al-Alayan, Abdulaziz Abdullah Saleh. "International co-operation to deal with drug trafficking : an assessment and its application to Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314520.
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White, Robyn L. "Invisible Women: Examining the Political, Economic, Cultural, and Social Factors that lead to Human Trafficking and Sex Slavery of Young Girls and Women." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1708.
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This thesis employs the most recent and best available data on human trafficking, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s Trafficking in Persons Global Report 2006, as well as nine independent variables to determine what their effects are on countries’ volumes of human trafficking outflows. By completing a cross-sectional analysis via an OLS regression, I found statistically significant support for three factors that I hypothesize lead to greater outflows of human trafficking. My findings suggest that countries that are less corrupt, have more seats in parliament held by women, and score higher on Cho, Dreher, and Neumayer’s Anti-Trafficking Policy Index are less likely to experience high outflows of human trafficking. Additionally, while they narrowly avoid statistical significance, this study also suggests that states that have a legal stance on prostitution and have fewer women employed in the non-agricultural sector experience less human trafficking outflows.
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Obokata, Tomoya. "Trafficking of human beings as a human rights violation : obligations and accountability under international human rights law." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408594.
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Solakhyan, Marina. "Trafficking of Women. Promoting International Human Rights Norms Through Prevention, Protection, and Prosecution (Three “P’s”) in Armenia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180096688.
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Edlund, Ängskog Jenny. "Working against trafficking : Perspectives on collaborative work between Swedish administrative authorities." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27936.
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The aim of this study was to explore prerequisites for collaboration between Swedish authorities in their work with women exposed to trafficking with sexual purpose. A qualitative research method was used. Three over-phone semi-structured interviews and one face-to-face semi-structured interview were conducted with professionals from the County Administrative Board, the Social Services and the Swedish Migration Agency. The results were analysed thematically through three themes with relating subthemes. The results showed that the professionals perceived collaborative work as important in order to treat each aspect of the diverse issue that is human trafficking, as well as to exchange knowledge and experiences with the involved authorities. Moreover, the professionals described that prerequisites for a functioning collaborative work are; clear assignation of roles, sufficient time and budget, and that each agency is aware of the importance of collaboration. Some difficulties within collaborative work highlighted by the participants were; different opinions and agendas between the agencies and lack of knowledge. Finally, some implications for future research were noticed, for example a lack of research regarding collaborative work between agencies against human trafficking for sexual purposes.
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Keeler, Rebecca L. "William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection and Reauthorization Act of 2008." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/483.
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Book Summary: Spanning three volumes, this comprehensive encyclopedia of over six hundred entries covers the full range of civil rights and liberties in America from the antecedents of the Bill of Rights through the most recent controversies over political and social issues, including abortion, free speech, religious liberty, voting rights, and the guarantees of equality. It also addresses the civil rights and liberties issues stemming from America's ongoing war on terrorism. Detailed entries include key concepts, historical events and developments, major trials and appellate court decisions, landmark legislation, legal doctrines, important personalities, and key organizations and agencies. Entries have an objective tone, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions.Designed as an up-to-date reference source for students, scholars, and citizens, the encyclopedia will help broaden and heighten understanding and appreciation for the wide range of issues associated with civil rights and liberties in the United States, and is the most sophisticated treatment available. The volumes of the encyclopedia consist of original entries, arranged alphabetically, on many current hot-button issues as well as in-depth coverage of the rights Americans hold sacred. Written by experts in the field, including attorneys, judges, and legal scholars, the encyclopedia takes a historical-legal approach, providing important information on the background and development of an issue or event. The third volume concludes with over three dozen essential primary documents, including landmark statutes, key court decisions, and influential essays.
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Getson, Rebecca A. "Good Intentions Paving the Road to Brothels: Sex Trafficking, Sex Slavery, and Globalization in Southeast Asia." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1145971233.
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Suzuki-Jones, Maya K. "Anti-Human Trafficking Efforts: A Case Study of Argentina and Its Federal Capital." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/872.
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Human trafficking is the world’s fastest growing global crime, which finally gained its due attention in the late 1990s. This thesis provides a critique of governmental anti-human trafficking efforts, in particular the U.S. Department of State’s Trafficking in Persons Report. Additionally, this thesis focuses on Argentina and its federal capital, as a case study of the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of governmental reports on human trafficking, as well as the contributions made by non-governmental anti-human trafficking efforts. This thesis argues that due to many factors, government corruption being one of the main ones, it is important to be critical of state power and the knowledge it produces surrounding the issue of human trafficking. It is also crucial that governmental anti-human trafficking efforts strengthen coordination and increase collaboration with regional and local NGOs and other non-governmental anti-human trafficking efforts, in order to more effectively fight to eliminate this transnational and international crime.
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Krieg, Sarah [Verfasser]. "Multilevel Regulation against Trafficking in Human Beings : A Critical Application Analysis of International, European and German Approaches / Sarah Krieg." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1107611792/34.
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Regmi, Kumar. "The responsibility of the States under international human rights law to address the trafficking in Nepalese girls into prostitution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63090.pdf.
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Jovanović, Marija. "Human trafficking, human rights and the right to be free from slavery, servitude and forced labour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:438dfa89-492c-4882-b882-8f21a0f60e9e.
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The thesis engages with a dynamic discourse on the human rights approach to human trafficking. Building on the traditional doctrine of human rights, the thesis demonstrates that human trafficking is not a human rights violation, save for a state involvement in it, either directly or through a failure to observe its positive obligations imposed by the existent human rights. In situations that do engage human rights law, the thesis defends an argument that conceptually, human trafficking falls within a domain of the right to be free from slavery, servitude and forced labour. This argument is grounded in both a doctrinal and a conceptual analysis. In particular, the thesis conducts a unique conceptual and legal analysis of Article 4 of the European Convention of Human Rights offering an original interpretation of the concept of exploitation in the context of practices associated with trafficking and 'modern slavery'. This type of inquiry is missing in the existent scholarship. The thesis also conducts a detailed analysis of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on positive obligations to protect vulnerable individuals arising out of 'absolute' rights. In addition to providing a complete analysis and classification of these positive obligations, the thesis draws attention to the important difference between the scope of the right and the scope of state responsibility in situations of private infringements of 'absolute' rights. Accordingly, the thesis demonstrates that whereas the prohibition contained in these rights is absolute for the state, positive obligations in situations of their infringements by private individuals are of a limited scope. The analysis of the jurisprudence of the Strasbourg Court is supplemented by a comprehensive discussion of the obligations established in the trafficking-specific instruments. The thesis explains how victim protection provisions contained in these instruments may inform human rights obligations, yet, it demonstrates that these do not represent such obligations on their own. This analysis provides a roadmap for practitioners and activists when arguing cases before the Strasbourg Court and domestically. In addition to this practical dimension, the thesis intends to provide an important contribution to the scholarship on human rights law, and on human trafficking specifically.
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Thompson, Chelsea L. "Sex, Slaves, and Saviors: Domestic and Global Agendas in U.S. Anti-trafficking Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/355.
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In this thesis, I problematize the United States’ response to the global phenomenon characterized as human trafficking. The framing of trafficking as policy issue takes place in the context of politicized claims about the nature and prevalence of trafficking, its relation to the sex industry, and the kind of response that is required. U.S. anti-trafficking policy was built and shaped in the context of fears about immigration, global labor, and the sex industry. As a result, trafficking has been used to justify oppressive domestic reactions such as border crackdown, scrutiny of immigrant and sex worker communities, and victim “protection” that barely differs from prosecution. The United States has also leveraged anti-trafficking measures such as the policy prescriptions in the Trafficking in Persons Report and sanctions for countries that fall in the bottom tier to build a global response to trafficking that suits the hegemony of the United States rather than the needs of vulnerable populations. Through the government-subsidized “rescue industry”—an army of U.S.-based NGO’s and humanitarian groups—the United States has effectively exported an imperialistic response to trafficking based on Christian ethics and neoliberal economics around the world. These policies are distinctly out of touch with the experiences and needs of the supposed “victims of trafficking,” those attempting to survive at the bottom of global capitalist labor markets. As a result, I characterize anti-trafficking as a form of structural violence, and emphasize the need for an alternative movement that addresses the actual problems experienced by global laborers and the complicity of the United States in creating the conditions for labor exploitation.
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Bertone, Andrea Marie. "Human trafficking on the international and domestic agendas examining the role of transnational advocacy networks between Thailand and United States /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8470.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.