Relevant bibliographies by topics / International trafficking

Academic literature on the topic 'International trafficking'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "International trafficking"

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Crawford, Mary. "International Sex Trafficking." Women & Therapy 40, no. 1-2 (October 3, 2016): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2016.1206784.

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Setiyono, Joko, and Aga Natalis. "“CHILD TRAFFICKING” AS THE EMBODIMENT OF MODERN SLAVERY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v6i1.17805.

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The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation and actualization of international and domestic law regarding child trafficking, to find examples of multilateral international cooperation forms that have been created in the context of overcoming child trafficking, and to identify threats and solutions needed by the international community in the prevention of Child Trafficking. This research was legal research with a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical research specifications. Child trafficking is a form of human trafficking. This crime can be attributed to the existence and widespread of the concept of "modern slavery." Internationally and nationally, laws regarding the prevention of child trafficking and child protection have been created. Examples in the international spectrum are UNTOC Annex II: Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Convention on The Rights of the Child created by UNICEF, International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) by the ILO, the World Congress against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, and the Palermo Protocol. With evidence of the development of child trafficking with the influence of cyberspace and information technology, the international community's concern on this issue must also increase. This is needed in making effective policies, laws, and actions in overcoming the crime of child trafficking.
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Clarke, Ronald V., and Rick Brown. "International Trafficking in Stolen Vehicles." Crime and Justice 30 (January 2003): 197–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/652231.

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Arifin, Ridwan, Yehezkiel Lemuel, and Ngaboawaji Daniel Nte. "International Legal Instruments in Responding to Human Trafficking." Lentera Hukum 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i3.22137.

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Human trafficking grows and develops rapidly, with various motives and types of crimes. Various obstacles are faced in handling human trafficking cases, ranging from inadequate legal instruments to weak law enforcement. This study overviewed the international legal instrument on human trafficking cases, following the identification of the recent forms and issues in enquiring how international legal instruments deal with human trafficking. This study used legal research method by referring to international laws as the source of law in compiling this human trafficking research. This study found that various instruments and international cooperation have dealt with human trafficking cases. However, in various related studies, these different legal instruments did not have a clear and binding force when the issue occurs in the domestic state. In addition, human trafficking in various legal instruments also had many types, and all of them are interrelated. This study highlighted and concluded that in making various international legal instruments effective in this case, more intensive international cooperation was needed, both regionally and globally. KEYWORDS: Human Trafficking, Labor Human Rights, Criminal Law.
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Rudolph, Alexandra, and Friedrich Schneider. "International Human Trafficking: Measuring Clandestinity by the Structural Equation Approach." Social Inclusion 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i2.909.

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Worldwide human trafficking is the third most often registered international criminal activity, ranked only after drug and weapon trafficking. This article focusses on three questions: 1) How can human trafficking be measured? 2) What are the causes and indicators of this criminal activity which exploits individuals? 3) Which countries observe a high (or low) level of human trafficking inflow? We apply the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes structural equation model to measure human trafficking inflows in a way which includes all potential causes and indicators in one estimation model. The human trafficking measurement focusses on international human trafficking. We use freely available existing data and thus generate an objective measure of the extent of trafficking. Countries are ranked according to their potential to be a destination country based on various characteristics of the trafficking process.
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Scully, Eileen. "Repressed Memories: Historical Perspectives on Trafficking and Anti-Trafficking." Slavery Today Journal 2, no. 2 (December 2015): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22150/stj/xzdn9630.

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Modern international trafficking in forced labor took hold during the 1850s, and crossed into the twentieth century as a seemingly intractable global phenomenon. Contemporaries described this worldwide enterprise as the “white slave trade.” As shorthand for sex-trafficking, “the white slave trade” has a very long pedigree. The first cross-national, public-private coalition against trafficking in women and children was forged in the late nineteenth century by the London-based National Vigilance Association. This coalition generated the foundational treaties and directional momentum for international anti-trafficking projects across the twentieth century and into the twenty-first.
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Laite, Julia. "Between Scylla and Charybdis: Women’s Labour Migration and Sex Trafficking in the Early Twentieth Century." International Review of Social History 62, no. 1 (February 3, 2017): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085901600064x.

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AbstractThis article explores the discursive and practical entanglements of women’s work and sex trafficking, in Britain and internationally, in the early twentieth century. It examines discussions about trafficking and women’s work during a period that was instrumental in codifying modern, international conceptions of ‘trafficking’ and argues that porous and faulty borders were drawn between sex work, women’s licit work, and their sexual exploitation and their exploitation as workers. These borders were at their thinnest in discussions about two very important sectors of female-dominated migrant labour: domestic and care work, and work in the entertainment industry. The anti-trafficking movement, the international labour movement, and the makers of national laws and policies, attempted to separate sexual labour from other forms of labour. In doing so, they wilfully ignored or suppressed moments when they obviously intersected, and downplayed the role of other exploited and badly-paid licit work that sustained the global economy. But these attempts were rarely successful: despite the careful navigations of international and British officials, work continued to find its way back into discussions of sex trafficking, and sex trafficking remained entangled with the realities of women’s work.
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Khan, Ilyas, Muhammad Aqeel Khan, and Ashraf Ali. "International Law on Trafficking of Children for Domestic Work: An Analysis." Journal of South Asian Studies 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.010.01.4026.

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Child trafficking is a rampant problem in the world. An indeterminately great number of men, women, and children have become prey to the trafficking of persons for sexual abuse, forced labor, and other forms of mistreatment at the international level. The purpose of this article is to analyze the Law of Nations on the trafficking of children for domestic work. The study further explained international instruments on the trafficking of children for household work and the important viewpoints of trafficking provided procedures for expanding policies to deals with the trafficking of children for domestic work. The anti-trafficking strategies in treaties, conventions, and protocols are particularly focused on policies to combat the trafficking of children for domestic work, as well as other human rights strategies focused, that obligate the countries to act against traffickers, save children from harm and be vulnerable to the trafficking of children and create a preventive structure for those been trafficked.
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Manolov, Martin Vihrenov. "The International trafficking of human organs." Police Practice and Research 14, no. 3 (June 2013): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2012.754132.

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Stamatel, Janet P. "The international trafficking of human organs." Police Practice and Research 19, no. 6 (December 12, 2017): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2017.1415729.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International trafficking"

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Wilcox, Joseph Morgan. "Trafficking in women: International sex services." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2754.

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This research looks to identify precursors to women becoming involved in trafficking for prostitution and/or sexual services in the United States. The failure to find patterns or trends regarding why women are trafficked or what types of women are trafficked most often, helps dispel some myths regarding the stereotypical victim of trafficking.
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Arslan, Selin. "Women Trafficking In Turkey: International Cooperation And Intervention." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608051/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT WOMEN TRAFFICKING IN TURKEY: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND INTERVENTION Arslan, Selin MS., Department of Gender and Women&rsquo
s Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Yusuf Ziya Ö
zcan December, 2006, 217 pages. This study has focused on analyzing the women trafficking in Turkey and the international cooperation and interventions which Turkey has done in years between 2004 and 2006. While mentioning efforts on combating human trafficking and international cooperation and interventions, the support of International Organization for Migration (IOM), the leading intergovernmental organization working against trafficking, which Turkey became member in 2004, should be mentioned as well. This study is trying to show the efforts of Turkey in the situation of combating with an organized crime, a gross human rights violation-especially after becoming member of the International Organization for Migration. Before discussing the situation and efforts in Turkey on counter trafficking the realization of women&rsquo
s rights the emergence of the women&rsquo
s discourse within the international arena and the international debate on trafficking especially after the Trafficking in Persons Report (TIP) have been introduced and discussed in detail. Such a beginning facilitated conceptualization of (1) the evolution of the emergence of conscious on trafficking crime in the international arena (2) the sprout of the idea and perception of &ldquo
combating trafficking crime&rdquo
in Turkish society and (3) the transformation of the Turkish context related to trafficking issues in the light of discussions emerged by the support of IOM Turkey.
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Leech, Tasha Nicole. "Human Trafficking: the Gap between International regulation and Enforcement." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205089.

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The goal of this thesis is to provide insight as to why the number of trafficking cases and convictions is still relatively low compared to the total volume of trafficking occurring, even though the trade is increasingly addressed by international law. Through a study of trafficking itself, a summary of current international legislation, and an analysis of the implementation of said legislation this thesis will show that the gap between legislation and enforcement can be partially accounted for by a widespread failure by states to adequately address the demand for trafficked persons in their national legislation. While this is far from a complete explanation of the problem it is an important piece of the puzzle.
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Hulsey, Amber Lee. "Human Trafficking| Flying under the Radar." Thesis, The University of Southern Mississippi, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10752077.

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The global hegemon, the United States encompasses roughly 57,000 to 63,000 of the roughly 45.8 million slaves present across the world today (Walk Free Foundation 2016a). This dissertation research uses the theoretical lens of Human Security as a unique approach in that it is people-centered, focusing on the individual, rather than the more traditional theories in international relations that emphasize the state as the central actor. This dissertation focuses on the understudied area of human trafficking into and within the United States. More specifically, the objective of this research examines the movement of trafficked persons via air and details actions to be taken to combat human trafficking.

Although the world relies upon aerial commerce to enable globalization and interdependence, these same transportation systems and flows that carry persons and goods for legal commerce and trade can also be used as an avenue for illegal commerce, including trafficking of human. Thus, the researcher surveyed aviation personnel in various sectors of the industry, government organizations, non-government organization and victims/survivors via an online survey platform and utilized social media to reach potential survey participants. The sample size used for this study was 10,065 and the study received 578 participants.

The data collection procedures and results used in this dissertation were designed to identify gaps in security safeguards that further enable human trafficking via aircraft. The author presents strategies that can be adopted to reduce, if not eliminate, human trafficking into and within the United States via air. The researcher identified eleven opportunities for future research and discusses the limitations. The studied reveals seven key findings: definition of human trafficking is not known in totality, the level of human trafficking awareness, the number of human trafficking cases identified, the characteristics of the typical respondent, aviation sectors place a slightly different areas of emphasis of human trafficking that is understudied, understudied areas of human trafficking were different than that of the typical respondent, and the absence of human trafficking regulations and training. Finally, the study introduces a comprehensive-holistic human trafficking training curriculum entitled, “Operation Safe House: Human Trafficking Training for Aviation Professionals.”

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Staton, Nicollette Marie. "International Anti-Trafficking Norms in Kosovo:How local actors implement global expectations." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399566636.

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Cinar, Yildiz Sermin. "International Organizations And Human Rights: The Case Of International Organization For Migration (iom) As Part Of Counter Trafficking Efforts In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610289/index.pdf.

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Trafficking in persons is a phenomenon that threatens not only basic human rights but also source, passage and destination countries
therefore, it rightfully draws international attention. Being a global threat, it necessitates cooperation and intervention. The aim of the thesis is to analyze anti-trafficking efforts in Turkey by focusing on a particular international initiative. To this end, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is selected as a case and its activities in Turkey are mentioned with the ultimate goal of questioning its effectiveness in the process of fighting against trafficking in persons. The thesis examines the phenomenon of trafficking in persons with a conceptual analysis by dwelling upon the objectives, function and perspective of the IOM. It concentrates on the IOM, which actively assists the Turkish government in every aspect of migration and in combating human trafficking with a particular focus on trafficking in women through the counter-trafficking program implemented in 2004. The thesis also aims at evaluating whether international and local actors take effective actions that cover both the prevention and punishment of trafficking in women, and the protection of victims&rsquo
rights. The binding international legal instrument on the subject matter, the UN Trafficking Protocol of 2000, will be referred to and different approaches to the evaluation of the problem will be mentioned so as to present the focal points of the varying goals.
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Defuns, Pascal S. "International Arts Trafficking Phenomenology, Criminal Prosecution, Subsumtion : Swiss Law /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00643361004/$FILE/00643361004.pdf.

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Ferguson, John A. "International human trafficking in Canada : why so few prosecutions?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42474.

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This study investigated the anomaly between the claims that international human trafficking is wide spread in Canada versus the paucity of international trafficking prosecutions that have been achieved in this country following almost a decade of anti-trafficking enforcement. It relied upon a research approach that was anchored by Pierre Bourdieu’s ‘field’ theory in order to unite the disparate issues that were examined in this project into a cohesive explanation for why there have been so few international human trafficking prosecutions in Canada. This thesis examines how moral reform and radical feminism have come to dominate the trafficking discourse and how that dominance has resulted in a general understanding of the crime where the victims are vulnerable foreign women and children trafficked for the sex trade. The study traces the interaction that has taken place between the international anti-trafficking social movement and the Canadian government in order to demonstrate the influence that this social construction of international trafficking has had upon the government’s anti-trafficking policy, law and enforcement strategies. Through an analysis of government documents, statistical enforcement results, study research interviews, and alternative explanations that have been offered to account for the lack of international trafficking prosecutions, this thesis establishes that the most plausible explanation for so few international trafficking prosecutions in Canada is that the international trafficking of foreign women and girls into Canada for prostitution is not as systemic in this country as many have claimed. The examination of the lone international trafficking prosecution reveals that the victim formation which underpins the understanding of international trafficking can appreciably affect prosecutions because it dismisses from consideration as victims those persons who exist beyond the parameters of the accepted international human trafficking victim indicia.
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Torres, Candice. "Sex trafficking Florida's response to the international organized crime." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/521.

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Florida has the second-highest incidence of human trafficking in the country. Sex trafficking of women into and out of the state of Florida is defined by various terms from international, national and local terms. The United Nations defines sex trafficking in Article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime as: "Trafficking in persons: shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation". This study explores the experiences of women who have been trafficked as well as the recruitment strategies by which women are trafficked and to what extent their life changes. This study aims to understand the extent to which local nonprofits in the state of Florida have tackled the issue as well as the international, federal and state government laws are enforced. The findings will provide useful guidelines to help nonprofits in the state of Florida work together to combat the issue as well as be used as an informative research proposal for the community to push stronger legislation and raise more awareness.
B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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WINKELLER, HEATHER CHRISTINE. "HUMAN TRAFFICKING: AN INTERNATIONAL PROBLEM IN A REGIONAL FOCUS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192255.

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Books on the topic "International trafficking"

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Symposium on Criminal Justice Issues. (2nd 1987 Chicago, Ill.). International drug trafficking. Edited by Rowe Dennis and Office of International Criminal Justice. Chicago, Ill: University of Illinois, Office of International Criminal Justice, 1988.

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Christina, Fisanick, ed. Human trafficking. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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Christina, Fisanick, ed. Human trafficking. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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Wylie, Gillian. The International Politics of Human Trafficking. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37775-3.

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Dalla, Rochelle L., and Donna Sabella, eds. Routledge International Handbook of Human Trafficking. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315277035.

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The international law of human trafficking. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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1972-, Milivojevic Sanja, and Pickering Sharon 1972-, eds. Sex trafficking: International context and response. Cullompton, Devon [England]: Willan Pub., 2009.

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Thomas, Jon R. Controlling international narcotics production and trafficking. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1985.

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. and Inter-parliamentary Union, eds. Combating trafficking in persons. [Vienna]: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2009.

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. and Inter-parliamentary Union, eds. Combating trafficking in persons. [Vienna]: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "International trafficking"

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Ould, David. "Trafficking and International Law." In The Political Economy of New Slavery, 55–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403937865_4.

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Quek, Kaye. "The exclusion of marriage from international conceptions of human trafficking." In Marriage Trafficking, 11–31. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in gender and global politics: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315620138-2.

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Morehouse, Christal. "International Anti Human Trafficking Policy Frameworks." In Combating Human Trafficking, 25–74. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91524-1_2.

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Rijken, Conny. "Transnational Crime and International Criminal Law." In Trafficking in Persons, 19–52. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-583-4_2.

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Sinnott, Gabrielle, and Lynsie Clott. "International Development and Globalization Issues that Contribute to Trafficking in Persons." In Human Trafficking, 262–76. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003124672-16.

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Bryant, Katharine, Jacqueline Joudo Larsen, and Elise Gordon. "Combating human trafficking." In Routledge International Handbook of Human Trafficking, 159–88. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315277035-7.

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Smith-Cannoy, Heather. "Sex Trafficking and International Law." In International Human Rights of Women, 325–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8905-3_32.

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Klenovšek, Ana, and Gorazd Meško. "International Waste Trafficking: Preliminary Explorations." In Understanding and Managing Threats to the Environment in South Eastern Europe, 79–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0611-8_5.

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Smith-Cannoy, Heather. "Sex Trafficking and International Law." In International Human Rights of Women, 1–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4550-9_32-1.

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Smith-Cannoy, Heather. "Sex Trafficking and International Law." In International Human Rights of Women, 1–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4550-9_32-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "International trafficking"

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Harper, Richard, Tim Regan, Shahram Izadi, Kharsim Al Mosawi, Mark Rouncefield, and Simon Rubens. "Trafficking." In the 9th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1377999.1378015.

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Popravko, Elena. "International Issues Of Trafficking Of Cultural Property." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.350.

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Hakki Caşin, Mesut. "Illicit Arms Trafficking Crime in International Law." In 5th Traditional Law Conference of the University of Ljubljana. University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-015-8.4.

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Brown, Professor Geneva. "Sex Trafficking Registry as a Deterrent to Sex Trafficking." In Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations and Public Policy. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3809_lrpp1272.

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Hana, Suela. "ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATION POLICIES FOR VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING, THE NECESSITY OF THEIR MULTIDISCIPLINARY EVALUATION." In 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2021.413.

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Extensive developments and changes in the economic, political, social, cultural and scientific fields have undoubtedly brought problems and disturbing phenomena in many parts of the world, such as the trafficking and exploitation of human beings. Every year many women, girls and children are illegally transported across the borders of their countries of origin, sold or bought, bringing to mind all the primitive ways of human slavery, seen in stark contrast to the galloping development that society has taken today, as well as aspirations for a worldwide civilization and citizenship. Regarding Albania, the beginning of trafficking in human beings dates in 1995 (Annual Analysis of 2003 of the State Social Service, Tirana), where the country found itself in a situation of instability of political, economic, social and cultural changes, as well as in a transitional geographical position to was used by traffickers, mostly Albanians, as an “open door” for the recruitment, transportation and sale of women, girls and children from Moldova, Russia, Romania, Turkey, Albania, China, etc. Albania is identified as a source and transit country for trafficked women and children. In addition, many NGOs and international organizations report significant increase cases in the trafficking of human beings. In 1999, official sources reported that young women and girls had been lured or abducted from refugee camps in Albania during the Kosovo crisis and then sold for prostitution in Italy and the United Kingdom. Reports from Italy, Germany, Belgium and the UK suggest that Albanian women and girls, which are trafficked for prostitution mostly are from rural areas (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Review Conference, September 1999). It is almost common to talk about the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings, about the motivating and attractive factors, the consequences associated with this phenomenon of Albanian society. Given the extent of the trafficking phenomenon during the last 30 years transition period in Albania, the Government has made different legislative and institutional efforts, through a strategic approach to combat and mitigate this phenomenon. However, the elements of identification, protection, reintegration and long-term rehabilitation for victims of trafficking remain issues of concern and still not properly addressed, in the context of the institutional fight against trafficking in persons, which should have as its primary goal the protection of the human rights for victims of trafficking and not their further violation or re-victimization (Annual Report of the European Commission, 2007).
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Tepecik, Filiz. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Trafficking in Human Beings." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00780.

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In the next decade, trafficking in human beings is expected to be the largest part of the illegal markets such as drug and arms trafficking. Trafficking in human beings can be done in many different purposes which includes the sexual exploitation, the practices similar to slavery or servitude. The problem is becoming visible both for the Eurasian countries and for Turkey. Despite being an inhuman trade, all parties of the trafficking in human beings are rational economic agents and they are acting according to the rules of supply and demand. Therefore in this paper, this economic structure that nourish the illegal market is primarily be discussed. It is focused on the push and pull factors to this market members and this is tried to shown in a quantitative dimension of the market. Secondly, in order to combat trafficking in human beings, legal and social measures are being taken. These regulations generally aim to find and punish perpetrators, and /or protect victims of trafficking. But these regulations always cause a change of the benefits and the costs of the parties involved in trafficking in human beings. Thus the economic perspective are convenient to analyze these results. Finally, with this paper it is aimed to produce a common ground for people who want to work in this academic field.
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Ranasinghe, Roma. "Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation." In International Conference on Future of Women. The International Institute of Knowledge Management - TIIKM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/26028646.2019.2101.

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Bukhorizoda, Behruz Rustam, Pulod Asadullo Nasuriyon, and Nigora Abdumannonovna Mullajanova. "Criminal Law Remedies for Counteraction Human Trafficking and Trafficking of Children: Legislative Issues." In VII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “CRIMINAL LAW AND OPERATIVE SEARCH ACTIVITIES: PROBLEMS OF LEGISLATION, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE”. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010646800003152.

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Friedrich, Steinhäusler, Zaitseva Lyudmila, Anselmo Salles Paschoa, and Friedrich Steinhäusler. "Illicit Trafficking of Natural Radionuclides." In THE NATURAL RADIATION ENVIRONMENT: 8th International Symposium (NRE VIII). AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2991267.

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Phetkulov, A. H., and A. A. Zharylkassynova. "International cooperation in combating drug trafficking in the post-Soviet space." In Наука России: Цели и задачи. LJournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-04-2019-17.

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Reports on the topic "International trafficking"

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Virgiel, Vanessa. Adoption and Child Trafficking: Structural Violence in the International Adoption System. Portland State University Library, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.116.

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Layton, Ronald A. International Drug Trafficking--a Growing National Security Concern for Low Intensity Conflict. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241092.

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Smith, D., T. Biro, B. Chartier, K. Mayer, S. Niemeyer, and P. Thompson. RECENT ACTIVITIES OF THE NUCLEAR SMUGGLING INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP TO THWART ILLICIT TRAFFICKING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/923090.

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Huntington, Dale. Anti-trafficking programs in South Asia: Appropriate activities, indicators and evaluation methodologies. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1019.

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Throughout South Asia, men, women, boys, and girls are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders against their wills in what is essentially a clandestine slave trade. The Congressional Research Service and the U.S. State Department estimate that between 1 to 2 million people are trafficked each year worldwide with the majority originating in Asia. Root causes include extreme disparities of wealth, increased awareness of job opportunities far from home, pervasive inequality due to caste, class, and gender bias, lack of transparency in regulations governing labor migration, poor enforcement of internationally agreed-upon human rights standards, and the enormous profitability for traffickers. The Population Council, UNIFEM, and PATH led a participatory approach to explore activities that address the problem of human trafficking in South Asia. A meeting was held in Kathmandu, Nepal, September 11– 13, 2001 to discuss these issues. Approximately 50 representatives from South Asian institutions, United Nations agencies, and international and local NGOs attended. This report summarizes the principal points from each paper presented and captures important discussion points that emerged from each panel presentation.
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Kasper, Eric, and Mina Chiang. Barriers and Opportunities for More Effective Identification of Victims of Human Trafficking: Insights from Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Taiwan. Winrock International, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.033.

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Every year, countless people become victims of human trafficking. The number is countless because the vast majority of those cases go unidentified and unreported. As a result, victims remain invisible, go unsupported, continue to suffer abuses, and continue to face stigma and trauma even after finding their way out of trafficking. This lack of visibility also makes it difficult to really understand how trafficking works, which seriously hinders international counter trafficking efforts.
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Yagci Sokat, Kezban. Understanding the Role of Transportation in Human Trafficking in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2108.

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Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the recruitment, transport, and/or transfer of persons using force, fraud, or coercion to exploit them for acts of labor or sex. According to the International Labor Organization, human trafficking is the fastest growing organized crime with approximately $150 billion in annual profits and 40.3 million individuals trapped in slave-like conditions. While it is not compulsory to involve transportation for human trafficking, the transportation industry plays a critical role in combating human trafficking as traffickers often rely on the transportation system to recruit, move, or transfer victims. This multi-method study investigates the role of transportation in combatting human trafficking in California by conducting a survey followed up with semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The expert input is supplemented with labor violations and transit accessibility analysis. Experts emphasize the importance of education, training, and awareness efforts combined with partnership, data, and analysis. Screening transportation industry personnel for human trafficking is another step that the industry can take to combat this issue. Particularly, sharing perpetrator information and transportation related trends among transportation modalities and local groups could help all anti-trafficking practitioners. In addition, the transportation industry can support the victims and survivors in their exit attempts and post/exit life. Examples of this support include serving as a safe haven, and providing transportation to essential services. Transportation should ensure that all of these efforts are survivor-centric, inclusive for all types of trafficking, and tailored to the needs of the modality, population, and location.
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Lucas, Brian. Impact of COVID-19 on Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trafficking Trends in Southern Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.017.

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This rapid review focuses on the impact COVID-19 pandemic om poaching and illegal wildlife trafficking. It provides an overview of the recent research and summarises the key themes. This review found that poaching for the purpose of international trafficking of illegal wildlife products, generally decreased. These declines are largely attributed to the disruption of transportation routes used by wildlife traffickers to move illicit goods within Southern Africa and overseas by air, and in some locations to the effects of local lockdown measures. Poaching for subsistence consumption (bushmeat) generally increased across Southern Africa and worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, incentivised largely by economic hardship and opportunities presented by a reduction in the capacity for anti-poaching enforcement and reduced numbers of tourists, whose presence tends to deter poachers. In the long term, poaching and trafficking are likely to return to pre-pandemic levels. Commercial poachers and traffickers are likely to adjust their transportation routes and adapt their business models to take advantage of opportunities. More positively, some authors have suggested the possibility that the COVID-19 pandemic could influence public attitudes against wildlife trafficking and in support of conservation. Trends in poaching and illegal wildlife trafficking during the COVID-19 pandemic vary significantly across and within countries. The impacts resulting from the measures put in place to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have varied significantly depending on local contexts. Up-to-date data on recent trends during the pandemic are scarce. Good quality data are available on poaching and trafficking of high-value commodities such as elephant ivory and rhino horn, while data on poaching for subsistence are less rigorous and often anecdotal. Much of the evidence available for both types of poaching is not systematic and comes from news media reports, and suffers from inherent difficulties of collecting data on illegal activities. Data collection during the pandemic has also been hampered by the challenges of working safely during the pandemic, funding for monitoring and research has been reduced in most areas, and some reporting processes have not yet analysed data collected during 2021.
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Snyder, Karen, Pauline Oosterhoff, and Neelam Sharma. Labour Trajectories and Aspirations of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ Workers. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.074.

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This IDS Working Paper explores the labour trajectories and aspirations, and the labour intermediaries of Nepali ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ (‘AES’) workers. Our research objective was to understand these experiences to develop more effective policies and interventions to prevent human trafficking as well as labour and sex exploitation. Research included a literature review, interviews with ‘AES’ workers, and observations in areas with reported elevated levels of human trafficking to visualise the economic activities. This Working Paper has a companion paper – Getting Work: The Role of Labour Intermediaries for Workers in Nepal and the International ‘Adult Entertainment Sector’ – which focuses on the role of labour intermediaries, their aspirations, and their perceptions about the benefits and costs of facilitating work in the ‘AES’ and other employment.
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Do, Thao Ngoc, Mina Chiang, Eric Kasper, and Sharlene Chen. Impact of Vietnam’s Covid-19 Response on Vulnerable Groups. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.016.

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Our research shows how Vietnam’s Covid-19 policy response has influenced Vietnamese migrant workers and counter-trafficking work, particularly in border areas. Vietnam is a major labour exporter and is in the top ten countries that receive international remittances. Examining the impact of the pandemic means taking into account the livelihoods and wellbeing of hundreds of thousands of overseas migrant workers. This briefing considers the impact of Vietnam’s policy response to the Covid-19 pandemic on such workers and supports adjustments in policy planning.
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Do, Thao, and Eric Kasper. The Impact of Covid-19 Response Policies on Select Vulnerable Groups in Vietnam. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.038.

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Despite the significant impact of the pandemic’s fourth wave, Vietnam’s overall strategy was seen as well planned with one of the lowest infection rates globally in 2020–2021. In June 2019, an estimated 540,000 Vietnamese migrant workers were recorded working legally in 40 countries and territories, making Vietnam a major labour exporter and one of the top ten countries to receive international remittances. Our research shows how Vietnam’s Covid-19 policy response has influenced Vietnamese migrant workers and counter-trafficking work, particularly in border areas. The research discussed four main findings. Firstly, border closures left many overseas migrant workers vulnerable and led them to rely on people smugglers. Secondly, the suspension of commercial international flights and a lack of transparency and favouritism in allocating seats on repatriation flights left many stranded. Thirdly, the national pandemic response plan suffered from limitations. Lastly, Covid-19 policies have led to new trafficking trends and challenges. Based on this evidence, the research suggests that digitalising and modernising social services could strengthen the inclusion of vulnerable groups, simplify the administrative and management process, save costs, and reduce corruption. Participation of vulnerable groups, especially ethnic minorities and overseas migrant workers, including fishers, should be ensured in national policy design and local implementation. Additionally, improving transparency and accountability of support systems could help gain citizens’ trust in the government, which would be beneficial for future crisis responses.
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