Dissertations / Theses: 'International trade – Social aspects'

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Dulude, François. "Le libre-échange Canada-Etats-Unis : l'importance du contexte international et la complexité du support social." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23211.

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Many analyses from the New Political Economy (NPE) perceive the Free Trade Agreement (FTA), either from the narrow angle of Canada-United States relationship, or as the result of pressures from dominant monolithic social forces. The present thesis offers a different angle of analysis by demonstrating the importance of the international context in shaping changes in domestic politics such as those relating to the FTA. The thesis also puts emphasis on the complexity of social support and political bargaining that resulted in the adoption of the FTA.
Building of Peter Gourevitch's framework, which evaluates the impact of international crises on domestic politics, the thesis focuses on five possible factors that could explain the free trade outcome. Firstly, constraints and opportunities arising from the international system are assessed to evaluate if the government might have adopted the FTA to protect the "raison d'Etat": it rather appears that it is through the mediation of social actors that the post 1970 international crisis was felt. Secondly, a sectorial analysis finds that two coalitions, each one with two sets of preferences, were opposed on the FTA issue. Thirdly, the role of intermediate associations (business groups, unions and farmers associations) is assessed to see if their impact went beyond the sectorial interest they defended. Fourthly, the influence of economic ideologies is analyzed. Fifthly, the state structure is taken into account to show essentially that the Mulroney government had a double and complementary agenda with the FTA and the Meech Lake negotiations, both of which had a degree of independence from domestic economic and social pressures. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Casanova-Jimenez, Richard P. "Trade and investment disputes : whose business is it anyway ?" Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78207.

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This thesis is a discussion on whether every sector of human activity really is or needs to be 'global'. It discusses the impact that economic globalization has on the role of the nation-state and on the concept of democracy, at both local and international levels. Particular emphasis is put on some of the democratic challenges associated with dispute settlement at the WTO and also under foreign investment international instruments. It is argued that increased participation by non-state actors, particularly NGOs, in state-to-state and in investor-state arbitration threatens to weaken the arbitration process and does little to remedy alleged democratic deficiencies. The author concludes that many democratic concerns regarding these types of dispute settlement processes may be better addressed by strengthening national democracies. Increased public information, consultation, and participation in the shaping of foreign policy could reduce much of the criticism concerning both, international dispute settlement and decision-making.

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Mash, Richard. "The consequences of international trade price volatility for national income and welfare : theory and evidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:24f115c7-bb18-4018-afbb-bc9322dde275.

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The thesis considers the effect of world trade or commodity price volatility on small open economies. It extends the existing literature by including non-tradeable goods and many volatile prices in the model together with consideration of the welfare effects of participation in international risk or capital markets. In addition the thesis systematically addresses the implications of price volatility for resource allocation and presents empirical estimates of the costs and benefits of volatility for a large sample of countries. The most important theme in the analysis is the extent of output flexibility in the face of variable prices. It is shown that price volatility gives rise to high returns to flexibility which suggests that commodity exporting countries should regard price volatility as an opportunity to benefit by being flexible as well as a source of welfare costs. The empirical estimates show that many developing countries have had an inflexible response to changes in world prices over the period 1958-90. Flexibility may improve with the abolition of producer price stabilisation in many countries in the 1980s, a policy reform that is predicted to yield large benefits. These will increase if attempts are also made to improve the functioning of domestic risk and capital markets together with enhanced access to their international equivalents.

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Chen, Yu. "Essays on Intergenerational and Regional Aspects of Water Management." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1525.

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This dissertation consists of three essays on different aspects of water management. The first essay focuses on the sustainability of freshwater use by introducing the notion that altruistic parents do bequeath economic assets for their offspring. Constructing a two-period, over-lapping generational model, an optimal ratio of consumption and pollution for old and young generations in each period is determined. Optimal levels of water consumption and pollution change according to different parameters, such as, altruistic degree, natural recharge rate, and population growth. The second essay concerns water sharing between countries in the case of trans-boundary river basins. The paper recognizes that side payments fail to forge water-sharing agreement among the international community and that downstream countries have weak bargaining power. An interconnected game approach is developed by linking the water allocation issue with other non-water issues such as trade or border security problems, creating symmetry between countries in bargaining power. An interconnected game forces two countries to at least partially cooperate under some circumstances. The third essay introduces the concept of virtual water (VW) into a traditional international trade model in order to estimate water savings for a water scarce country. A two country, two products and two factors trade model is developed, which includes not only consumers and producer’s surplus, but also environmental externality of water use. The model shows that VW trade saves water and increases global and local welfare. This study should help policy makers to design appropriate subsidy or tax policy to promote water savings especially in water scarce countries.

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Deva, Surya. "Violation of human rights by multinational corporations : an integrated theory of regulation." Phd thesis, Faculty of Law, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11721.

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KARATAS, MAZLUM. "Cultural Aspects of International Trade." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11566/305339.

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Questa tesi esamina come la prossimità culturale e le istituzioni culturali influenzano il commercio internazionale. Più in particolare, l'effetto della somiglianza religiosa sull'estensivo margine del commercio internazionale viene esaminato utilizzando l'eterogeneità del prodotto. Mentre un'istituzione culturale, l'Islamic banking, viene studiata in un sistema bancario duale per valutarne l'impatto sulla probabilità di esportazione sfruttando l'eterogeneità nei paesi di destinazione. Facendo riferimento all'eterogeneità in termini di quota della popolazione musulmana nella popolazione complessiva dei paesi di destinazione. Nel primo studio empirico di questa tesi, entrata di prodotto nel mercato che si riferisce all'estensivo margine del commercio internazionale è costruita a livello di prodotto a 4 cifre utilizzando i dati del flusso di esportazione della classificazione del sistema armonizzato (HS) - 2002 da World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) per l'anno compreso tra il 2002 e il 2016. Il campione è composto da 75 paesi che sono sia esportatori che importatori. I risultati indicano che la somiglianza religiosa che varia nel tempo influenza positivamente l'ingresso del prodotto . L'effetto della somiglianza religiosa cresce come l'intensità del prodotto della relazione-specificità aumenta. Dove è stato l'indice di specificità della relazione costruito à la Nunn (2007) . Mentre, nel secondo studio empirico, utilizzando un set di dati a livello di città per il periodo dal 2007 al 2020, l'impatto della quota di credito delle banche islamiche e della quota della popolazione musulmana nel paese di destinazione sulla probabilità di esportazione delle città turche è stato indagato. I risultati hanno dimostrato che, nonostante la loro piccola quota di credito, le banche islamiche sembrano aumentare le probabilità di esportazione delle province turche poiché la quota della popolazione musulmana aumenta nel mercato di destinazione. Inoltre, l'effetto della quota di credito delle banche islamiche risulta essere positivamente correlato alla probabilità di esportazione indipendentemente dai mercati di destinazione quando una città è sviluppata dal punto di vista socioeconomico. Considerando che se una città è socio-economicamente sottosviluppata, l'effetto positivo del credito azionario delle banche islamiche dipende fortemente da un'alta percentuale di musulmani nel paese di destinazione.
This dissertation looks into how cultural proximity and cultural institutions influence international trade. More specifically, the effect of religious similarity on the extensive margin of international trade is examined using product heterogeneity. While a cultural institution, Islamic banking, is studied in a dual banking system to evaluate its impact on export probability by exploiting the heterogeneity in destination countries. Referring to the heterogeneity in terms of the Muslim population share in the overall population of the destination countries. In the first empirical study of this dissertation, product entry which refers to the extensive margin of international trade is constructed at the 4-digit product level by using Harmonized System (HS)-2002 classification export flow data from World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) for the year between 2002 and 2016. The sample is composed of 75 countries that are both exporters and importers. The results indicate that time-varying religious similarity influences positively product entry. As the intensity of relationship-specificity for products increases, the effect of religious-similarity rises. Where relationship-specificity index has been constructed à la Nunn (2007). While, in the second empirical study, employing a city-level dataset for the period 2007 to 2020, the impacts of both Islamic banks' credit share and the share of the Muslim population in the destination country on the export probability of Turkish cities have been investigated. The findings have proven that despite their tiny share of credit, Islamic banks appear to boost Turkish provinces' export probability as the share of the Muslim population increases in the destination market. Moreover, the effect of credit share of Islamic banks is found to be positively related to export probability regardless of destination markets when a city is socio-economically developed. Whereas if a city is socio-economically underdeveloped, the positive effect of share credit of Islamic banks heavily relies on a high percentage of Muslims in the destination country.

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Bruneau, Joel Francis. "Essays in environmental regulation and international trade." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56512.pdf.

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Nguyen, Minh Ha. "Endogenous growth, international trade and the environment." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37948.

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We develop a dynamic model that explicitly considers the trans-boundary pollution problem between two asymmetric countries. We found that the countries will enjoy higher long run growth rates and a higher environmental quality when they coordinate their environmental policies. Furthermore, the two countries suffer more heavily not cooperating with each other when their attitudes towards a cleaner environment differ greatly. The implication is that despite the inherent differences in their development level and in their environmental attitudes, developed and developing countries are strongly encouraged to cooperate environmentally. In the second part of the thesis, we turn the focus to the role of international trade in relation to economic growth and the environment. We found that the long run growth rates of the countries are lower when they engage in international trade, no matter whether the environmental externality is internalised or not. The impact of trade on welfare however is ambiguous.
Thesis (M.Ec.)--School of Economics, 2004.

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Musungu, Sisule Fredrick. "The right to health in the global economy : reading human rights obligations into the patent regime of the WTO-TRIPS Agreement." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/931.

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"The implementation of the TRIPS Agreement, within the wider context of globalisation, has brought about a conflict between the obligation of states to promote and protect health and the achievement of economic goals pursued under the WTO regime. Since trade is the driving engine of globalisation, it is imperative that, at the very least, rules governing it do not violate human rights but rather promote them. The problem of IP and the right to health therefore lies in ensuring that the integration of economic rules and institutional operations in relation to IPRs coincide with states’ obligations to promote and protect public health. ... This study centres on the specific debate about health and IPRs in the context of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the WTO rules on IP protection. In terms of a human rights approach to the TRIPS Agreement, the ICESCR has been chosen for several reasons. First, the ICESCR specifically recognises both the right to health and the right to the protection of inventions in clearer terms than any other human rights instrument. Secondly, at least 111 of the state parties to the ICESCR are also members of the WTO including a large number of developing countries. Thirdly, if one sees the ICESCR as a vehicle for the fulfilment of the obligation to promote and protect human rights under the United Nations Organisation’s (UN) Charter, it can be argued that in line with article 103, the implementation and interpretation of TRIPS by all UN members states must take into account basic human rights. However, even with primary focus being on the ICESCR, most of the discussion on practical issues will focus on the experiences in Sub-Saharan Africa because the inequalities and problems of access to health care are most dramatically played out in this part of the world. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the obligation of states to progressively realise and guarantee the right to health, and the IP rules under the TRIPS Agreement. The specific objective is to examine the relationship between the exceptions under the TRIPS Agreement and the obligation to protect health and the identification of a consistent way of achieving a convergence between the implementation and interpretation of the rules of the two regimes in the area of health." -- Chapter 1
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2001.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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Mouzakis-Neolis, Fotis. "Empirical and theoretical aspects of the international arms trade." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2148/.

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Lusztig, Michael. "Trade liberalization and institutional design." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41690.

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The dissertation identifies a body of public policies described as "politically intractable." These are policies which are of clear public benefit, but which involve high political costs to those who enact them. It is suggested that there are two routes to political tractability in the passage of these policies. The "low-risk" strategy entails insulating policy-makers from pressures applied by alienated vested interests. The "high-risk" strategy arises where actors responsible for passing intractable policies risk alienating vested interests if enacting the policy assists them to realize higher-order objectives. These higher-order objectives involve games of institutional design--attempts to reform or preserve (in the face of threat) the institutional structure of the state. The dissertation examines a subset of politically intractable policies called watershed trade policies. Watersheds are instances of substantial trade liberalization which reverse a long-standing tradition of protectionism. The dissertation explains the passage of three watersheds: Britain's repeal of the Corn Laws, the US Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, and Canada's Free Trade Implementation Act, in the context of the high-risk strategy. In these cases, trade liberalization is explained as a by-product of games of institutional design undertaken by political entrepreneurs within the state.

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Yu, Zhihao. "Three essays on international trade, political economy and environmental policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ39009.pdf.

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Mugambe, Lydia. "The exceptions to patent rights under the WTO-TRIPS Agreement : where is the right to health guaranteed?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/980.

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"The thesis of this study is that the flexibility within the exceptions to patent rights protecton under the TRIPS Agreement has not sufficiently been exploited at the national level. The study conceptualises the regimes for the protection of the right to health and IPRs not as mutually exclusive but as potentially reinforcing. The contention is therefore that the obligations in respect to the right to health limit the manner in which states can exercise the flexibilty within the patent regime of the TRIPS Agreement. Eventually the study seeks to answer the question: Where does the guarantee for the right to health lie in light of the TRIPS regime? ... The study is divided into three chapters preceded by an introduction. The introduction lays the background for te discussion. Chapter one deals with the definition of important concepts and provides the context in which the study is set. The chapter also discusses the background to the creation of the TRIPS Agreement, with an emphatic discussion on the involvement or lack thereof of Africn and other least developed and developing countries in this process. Chapter two discusses the patent rights exceptions clause under the TRIPS Agreement. Against this background, compuslory licensing, government use and parallel importing as means of making accessibility to drugs a reality under the TRIPS Agreement will be discussed. Chapter three identifies other means of making drugs more accessible and identifying places where they have worked well. In this chapter, generic substitution, establishemnt of a pricing committee, therapeutic value pricing, pooled procurement, negotiated procurement and planned donations will be discussed. Finally a conclusion will be drawn from the discussion and recommendations will be advanced." -- Chapter 1.
Prepared under the supervision of Riekie Wandrag at the Community Law Centre, University of Western Cape, South Africa
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2002.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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Chong, Wing-yi Elena, and 莊詠怡. "The impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization on itstextile trade." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953426.

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Lin, Zeng 1953. "Liberalism and nationalism in the world trade market." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69537.

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This thesis analyzes the dialectical relations of economic liberalism and nationalism. Four arguments are made: (1) the international economic order is the product of the intercourse between liberalism and nationalism; (2) world trade expansion is conditioned by the rise of protectionism; (3) the formation of regional trading blocs sets up a bridge between regional liberalism and GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariff); (4) the success of development is determined by the results of the crystallization of the nation-state. The arguments of this paper develop from abstract to specific. In the first part, the philosophical foundations of liberalism and nationalism are given attention. Both forces are regarded as the foundations of modern international relations, the success of one side depending on the other. In this connection, Ruggie's (1982) "embedded liberalism" is extended to the whole range of modern history. The three theories are also reviewed with respect to their ideologic commitments. The rapprochement of nationalism and liberalism implies that their originally one-sided standpoints need modification. In the second part of this thesis, empirical analyses are introduced. The different state patterns, such as free capitalism and state socialism, are regarded as the results of crystallization (Mann, forthcoming). The rise of protectionism and regionalism reflect the erosion of the existing international relations. Successful nationalism could set up the foundation for the solid development of liberalism under the political framework of democracy, which could alter the existing international relations.

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Chen, Tzyh-Trong. "Legal aspects of Taiwanese trade and investment in the People's Republic of China." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309124.

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Yeukai, Chandaengerwa. "Trade promotion vs the environment: Inevitable conflict." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study unveiled the trade-environment debate which has been revolving in the World Trade Organization for quite a long time now. While economic integration and trade liberalization offer the promise of growth and prosperity, environmentalists fear that free trade will lead to increased pollution and resource depletion. On the other hand, free traders worry that over-reaching environmental policies will obstruct efforts to open markets and integrate economies around the world. Trade liberalization has the potential to affect the environment both positively and negatively. Trade and environment tensions have therefore emerged as a major issue in the debate over globalisation. This paper examined the contours of these tensions and argued that trade policy and environmental programs can be better integrated and made more mutually supportive.

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Kent, Avidan. "International trade, investment, and climate change : a tale of legal and institutional fragmentation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648583.

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Pekurinen, Markku Johannes. "Economic aspects of smoking : is there a case for government intervention in Finland?" Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4255/.

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Roozendaal, Gerarda Cornelia van. "Social challenges to trade trade unions and the debate on international labour standards /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/60675.

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Young, Margaret Anne. "Trade related aspects of fisheries : fragmentation and regime interaction in international law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612483.

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Deumié, Florence. "The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the international trade of genetically modified organisms : a new element of the conflict between trade and the environment." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31156.

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The present thesis deals with the international legal consequences of the Biosafety Protocol. If this Protocol answers the problem of GMOs, by enforcing the application of the precautionary principle to the international trade of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), it does not solve the conflict between the interests of trade and those of the environment. On the contrary, the Biosafety Protocol conflicts with the rules of the GATT and the national norms inspired by it would risk being contested before the dispute-settlement institutions of the World Trade Organisation. The Protocol therefore constitutes a new element in the conflict, pre-existing and unsolved, which sets the implicit supremacy of the GATT against the international environmental norms. It confirms the necessity to find a solution enabling the equal authority and mutual respect of the international environmental and trade rules.
All information is correct as at 14 November 2000.

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Martin, Julien. "Prices and Quality in International Trade." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00705253.

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Cette thèse utilise l'information sur les prix pour éclairer quatre questions. Dans le premier chapitre, nous montrons que les entreprises fixent des prix (net de couts de transport) plus élevés vers les pays les plus lointains. Ceci peut être expliqué dans des modèles de commerce avec coûts de transport additifs plutôt que multiplicatifs. Dans le second chapitre, nous évaluons l'impact des unions monétaires sur l'intégration économique. Nous montrons que l'euro a touché plus fortement les grandes entreprises. En prenant en compte cette hétérogénéité, nous trouvons un impact important de la création l'euro sur le degré d'intégration économique de la zone euro. Dans le troisième chapitre nous examinons l'impact des pays à bas salaire sur la qualité des exportations des pays développés. Entre 1995 et 2005, la qualité moyenne des exportations Française a augmenté de 11%. La pression concurrencielle des pays à bas coûts a induit une réallocation des ventes des firmes de basse qualité vers les firmes de meilleur qualité. Dans le chapitre 4, nous cherchons à mesurer la sensibilité des prix domestiques aux changements de prix de biens importés. Nous trouvons une élasticité prix des biens domestiques aux mouvements de prix de biens importés de 12%. La transmission est bien plus faible pour les biens importés entre entreprises d'un même groupe. En moyenne, 9% de la volatilité des prix domestiques au niveau sectoriel est expliqué par les mouvements de prix de biens intermédiaires importés.

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Mangano, Clifford Anthony. "Exchange rates, refinery flexibility, and international petroleum flows." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184945.

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The study analyses the relative separation of the effects of changes in a nation's dollar exchange rate and crude oil's dollar price on a country's short-run crude oil derived demand. It examines the role of the dollar exchange rate on domestic and international petroleum flows and discusses the short-run inefficiencies that occur due to adjustment times in a country's domestic petroleum market. A four-equation, structural model of a country's short-run petroleum demand function for its two petroleum flows (crude oil and imported product) was used. Using the translog function, estimates of direct and indirect dollar exchange rate effects were estimated. To account for the role of a nation's refinery industry on international petroleum flows, a measure of the industry's flexibility was developed. The industry is said to be flexible when it can alter its inputs' naturally occurring product fractions to more closely meet the country's final demand. The index developed in this study measures the industry's increase in its output product slate's weighted average API, relative to the weighted average API of its crude oil and feedstocks inputs, adjusted for the crude oil's naturally occurring product fractions.

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McKoy, Shahera Diane. "The Impact of Multilateral Trade Association Membership on Agricultural and Food Trade." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29802.

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This thesis models trade flows between countries as a function of several variables, including those representing membership in multilateral trade agreements (MTAs). The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of trade policies, trading costs, trade agreements and other demographic characteristics on exports of food and agriculture products. More specifically, the paper uses a gravity model augmented with three sets of dummy variables to estimate the impact of 13 trade arrangements on intra-bloc and extra-bloc trade. Results indicate that several MTAs enhance intra-bloc trading at the expense of non-members while others have been successful at increasing both intra-bloc trade and trade with the rest of the world. Findings further suggest that several arrangements had no significant effect on member trading and that a few have effectively reduced trade for members.

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Soto, Naranjo Davide. "International trade and energy: possible contributions from outside the WTO." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114615.

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This work aims to contribute to the debate about the relationship between International Trade Law and the Energy Sector and proposes a way ahead. Energy availability has become increasingly a crucial factor for the economic development of countries. Despite its importance, the International Trade System is not provided with specific rules addressing energy. Within other international regulatory frameworks - such as the Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union, among others – energy is addressed more specifically. This work suggests that the Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union can serve as templates or models for the GATT/WTO, should new energy rules, or a General Agreement on Trade in Energy be negotiated in the future. In the present work, some relevant elements of energy regulation under the Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union are addressed, and their possible application to the GATT/WTO is also discussed. Consequently the GATT/WTO negotiators should consider referring to the EU and ECT regulation of energy and mould new GATT/WTO energy rules form them.
Cette recherche vise à apporter une contribution au débat sur la relation entre le droit commercial international et le secteur de l'énergie et propose une avancée. L'accès aux ressources énergétiques devient de plus en plus un facteur important pour le développement économique des États. Malgré cette portée, le système commercial international ne prévoit pas de règles spécifiques relatives à l'énergie. En revanche, d'autres systèmes internationaux – tels que, entre autres, le Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie et l'Union européenne – abordent la question de l'énergie directement. Cette recherche suggère que le Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie et l'Union européenne peuvent être utilisés comme modèles pour le GATT/OMC dans l'optique de futures négociations portant sur des nouvelles normes dans le secteur énergétique, voire sur l'adoption d'un Accord général sur le commerce de l'énergie (General Agreement on Trade in Energy). Ainsi, les négociateurs du GATT/OMC devraient envisager de se référer aux bases offertes par les normes du secteur énergétique du Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie et de l'Union européenne pour façonner les nouveaux instruments de réglementation de l'énergie au niveau multilatéral.

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Duruigbo, Emeka Alexander. "Environmental aspects of international oil trade and shipping, business ethics and economic cooperation as compliance tools in international law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ34443.pdf.

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Marchand, Paul R. "The export development corporation : catalyst in Canada's promotion of international trade." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64491.

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Berger, Ron. "Trust, exchange and social embeddedness : the case of the Israeli diamond industry." Thesis, City University London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287409.

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Senona, Joseph M. "Human rights and the WTO: Incorporation or cooperation? Is there a need for an agreement on trade-related aspects of human rights?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_7812_1177925661.

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The main objective of this paper was to explore and evaluate the viability of incorporating the promotion, enforcement and protection of human rights within the WTO agenda, mandate and framework. It further aimed to investigate the viability of accelerating multilateral cooperation amongst international major role players, thus assessing and evaluating the kind of cooperation necessary for the adequate protection and enforcement of human rights by the WTO and major role players involved.

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Chochua, Lasha [Verfasser]. "Essays in International Trade Policy and Social Choice under Ambiguity / Lasha Chochua." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1176701428/34.

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32

Chan, Tak-him, and 陳德謙. "From international regulation to green production: continuous challenges to our textile and clothingindustry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893648.

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Agulhas, Jaclyn Margaret. "International labour standards and international trade :can the two be linked?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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In this paper I delve into the connection between trade policy and labour rights as probably one of the most controversial issues, which the international trading system is faced with today. Labour laws differ from country to country and of course it is a cause for concern where some countries have higher standards than others, it becomes problematic for these countries with high standards to compete with countries with lower standards. Even though there is a definite link between trade and labour, my argument is that incorporating labour standards into the international trading system is not the best way forward to deal with the problem of abuse of labour standards.

I further investigate the two organizations at the forefront of this debate, being the WTO and the ILO. In an attempt to ascertain which of the two is the best forum to deal with the issue I further look at the relationship between these two organizations. Compliance with international labour standards is a growing concern as worldwide standards are deteriorating and nothing is being done to alleviate the problem. Accordingly, I explore the causes for the abuse of labour standards and seek to find the better alternative, by looking at the respective positions of the parties who are for and against the linkage of trade with labour standards. Here the views and concerns of the developed world are weighed up against those of the developing world and looking at possible alternatives concludes the paper.

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Marengo, Umberto. "The European Union in the international energy regime and relations with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, 1981-2013." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709420.

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Clark, Rob. "Integration, mobility, and development International trade and organization networks, 1980--2000 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3274262.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: A, page: 3171. Adviser: Arthur S. Alderson. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Apr. 15, 2008).

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Cordonier, Segger Marie-Claire. "Sustainable development in international trade law : integrating economic and social development and environmental protection in emerging trade regimes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669870.

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Ibraheem, Amr Ameen Alee. "The economic and social efficiency of the Egyptian vehicles industry and some of its selected public sector auxiliary units." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276735.

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Vlassis, Nikolaos. "Aspects of Pareto improving environmental tax reforms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8561.

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'Climate change is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen' Stern (2006 p. xvii). This vigorous description highlights one of the most important and frustrating realizations of the last decades. The main reason of that market failure stems from the fact that climate change is a complex global externality. This makes the design of appropriate measures to mitigate the problem and the identification of their effects on economic activity of paramount importance. The transboundary nature of pollution combined with the skewed distribution of the origin and impact of emissions among countries reveals the need for international cooperation in the direction of multilateral agreements among countries. The characterization of Pareto-efficient environmental and trade policies has been a key issue (and continues to be) in the literature. Predominantly, however, the literature has focused on the role of taxes (trade and pollution) in achieving the first-best paying no attention to the role (if there is any) of non-tradeable goods. Chapter 4 deals with this issue. A key issue in mitigating climate change is with the appropriate extent of harmonization of environmental policies. This thesis (Chapters 2) addresses this within a general equilibrium model of international trade with endogenous pollution discharges, paying particular attention to the allocation of tax revenues. It argues that there indeed exist instances in which pollution tax harmonization (that moves the initial pollution taxes towards an appropriately weighted pollution tax vector) can deliver potential Pareto improvements. The difficulty with the achievement of global environmental agreements should not be, however, ignored. Chapter 3 deals with the possibility that governments may act unilaterally in order to mitigate the social cost of pollution. It shows that (under certain conditions) there exist unilateral Pareto improving trade policy reforms. Chapter 5 discusses the welfare implication of environmental policy reforms within a subset of countries. It shows that environmental policy coordination has opposing effect on the welfare of the coordinating and non-coordinating countries.

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Abramowitz, Alan F. "Transnational corporations : an examination of the consequences for society." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9895.

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40

Rice, James C. "Ecological unequal exchange : international trade and uneven cross-national social and environmental processes." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/j_rice_121406.pdf.

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41

Lacour, Pauline. "Quantifier le contenu environnemental des relations économiques entre la Chine et le Japon : Analyse de trois canaux de transfert de technologies vertes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825647.

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Cette thèse propose une évaluation du contenu environnemental des relations économiques entre le Japon et la Chine, en se basant sur l'analyse de trois canaux de transfert de technologies vertes. Afin de déterminer des dynamiques de diffusion de technologies environnementales (amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique, récupération des polluants, dépollution ou exploitation de sources d'énergie renouvelables), la démonstration s'est concentrée sur trois vecteurs particuliers : les flux commerciaux, les familles internationales de brevets et les Mécanismes pour un Développement Propre (MDP) du Protocole de Kyoto. L'analyse des flux commerciaux depuis le Japon vers la Chine révèle que les importations chinoises de biens environnementaux, de biens d'équipement et de biens de haute technologie sont des canaux de diffusion technologique. En particulier, les estimations économétriques montrent que les importations de biens de haute technologie affectent négativement l'intensité énergétique et carbonique du PIB chinois. L'analyse des données sur les familles internationales de brevets souligne que les technologies facilitant la diminution des niveaux de pollution atmosphérique dominent les transferts du Japon vers la Chine. Enfin, des transferts de connaissances et d'équipements environnementaux apparaissent également dans le cadre des projets MDP financés par des firmes nippones et implantés en Chine. L'analyse empirique de ces MDP fait apparaître que des plans de formation sont mis en œuvre parallèlement à la transmission d'équipements environnementaux, sachant que les transferts apparaissent principalement dans le cadre de projets hydrauliques et éoliens. L'analyse révèle bien que la densité des relations économiques entre le Japon et la Chine s'accompagne de la diffusion de technologies environnementales. L'écart de développement entre le Japon et la Chine ainsi que la présence de capacités d'absorption sur le territoire chinois favorisent la diffusion technologique au travers des flux économiques. L'impact positif de ces flux sur la qualité de l'environnement chinois est renforcé par les incitations gouvernementales aux transferts de technologies ainsi que les législations chinoises sur l'orientation géographique et sectorielle des investissements.

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Ford, Lucy Helen. "Global enclosures : a critical analysis of environmental governance, trade and social movements." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340856.

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Hodjatpanah, Maryam. "International relations and social revolution : international aspects of the Iranian 1979 revolution and post-revolutionary state." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413175.

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Bernauw, Kristiaan C. A. "The legal aspects of international air courier and air express services /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66039.

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45

Young, Tardif Kristin J. "Global Citizen Leader| Successful Maine Leaders Engaging in International Trade and Global Assignments." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3716783.

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This study was in partnership with the Maine International Trade Center. The Maine International Trade Center was formed to help Maine businesses develop trade internationally and successfully network with international businesses, and connect with governmental and business professionals globally. Maine’s leaders have added resources to the Maine International Trade Center, feeling that it is crucial to Maine’s economic recovery. Maine’s International Trade Center and the Maine Legislature commissioned an extensive research study in 2013. The outcome from this study was the need for further research on global competencies, citizenship and leadership.

The global economies are more connected than any other time in history, consequently so is business. Businesses are competing globally; cost and performance pressures are relentless. Our societies are changing, some having more, and some having less. This study researched the phenomenon of the global citizen leader, and what the cognitive, metacognitive, attitudes and behaviors are for successful executive level business professionals, who are engaged in international trade and global assignments. By studying the dimensions of cultural intelligence, social responsibility, global competence and global civic engagement rich schemas of the complex construct of a global citizen leader came from the experience and stories of thirteen Maine leaders.

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46

Chani, Chivimbiso. "Informal cross-border trade: a review of its impact on household poverty reduction (Zimbabwe)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/167.

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This study endeavors to explore the value of informal cross-border trade to household poverty reduction. Informal cross-border trade has become a panacea to most Zimbabweans both employed and unemployed in the middle of the socio-economic crisis which has eroded the standards of living in Zimbabwe. This study is an eye opener to those who view informal cross-border trade as merely a survival strategy. It explores the efficacy of informal cross-border trade as a poverty reduction strategy looking at its viability and sustainability despite criticism by many people who associate informal cross-border trade with all kinds of negativity. It thrusts forward the agenda of participatory poverty reduction agenda within a nexus of partnerships and relationships between the government, non-governmental organization, institutions and families. Informal cross-border traders have maneuvered their way out of the chains and shackles of poverty even though it has been tough due to many obstacles from different angles. They have helped to distribute the scarce goods and products in Zimbabwe as a consequent of the socio-economic crisis. If they are given a better platform they can 5 perform much better than they are getting at present. Thus this study advocates the forging of networks between various stakeholders in both the formal and informal sector in order to fight against poverty.

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Manning, Elizabeth Sophie Mary. "Local content and related trade policy: Australian applications /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm2832.pdf.

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Li, Yan Ting. "Seeking the balance between trade liberalization and cultural diversity in the framework of WTO and UNESCO :some suggestions to China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580115.

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Isaac, Grant E. "Agricultural biotechnology and transatlantic trade : an international political economy analysis of social regulatory barriers." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2512/.

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The development and commercialisation of genetically modified (GM) agricultural crops has drawn attention to a complex challenge facing trade diplomacy - the challenge of regulatory regionalism created by social regulatory barriers. Social regulations associated with GM crops have been enacted to ensure food safety, environmental protection and moral, ethical and religious preferences. Regulatory regionalism exists at the transatlantic level where GM crops approved as safe in North America have been delayed or denied market access in the EU because of divergent social regulations. As domestic social regulations have emerged on the trade agenda trade diplomacy is at a crucial crossroads because the traditional integration approach of trade diplomacy fails to acknowledge the endogenous political economy factors responsible for the social regulations within a particular jurisdiction. The research reveals that maintaining the traditional approach will erode public support for trade diplomacy and marginalise it as a viable force in international integration. Given the shortcomings of the traditional trade approach, this study then identifies a regulatory development and integration framework contributing to regulatory stability and enhancing the potential for transatlantic regulatory integration. This Ideal Regulatory Framework essentially builds social credence into the scientific rationality approach. Social credence is built in by ensuring consumer information, trust and choice. The result is a trade diplomacy approach that contributes to regulatory stability and integration by balancing the competing interests within an operational, dynamic, rules-based approach capable of managing the social concerns associated with advanced technologies such as GM crops.

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Sukontapatipak, Songkwun. "International students' reliance on home-country related internet use." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2899.

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The present study draws on uses and gratifications and media system dependency perspectives for examining factors related to Internet usage behaviors of international students and their motives to use their home-country Internet resources.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International trade – Social aspects'

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