Relevant bibliographies by topics / International trade – Corrupt practices

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Academic literature on the topic 'International trade – Corrupt practices'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "International trade – Corrupt practices"

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Nadakavukaren Schefer, Krista. "Corruption and the WTO Legal System." Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 4 (August 1, 2009): 737–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009030.

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The World Trade Organization (WTO) has no substantive rules directly addressing corruption in trade relations. There are, however, numerous legal provisions in the various WTO texts that offer indirect support to traders facing corrupt trade administrators. Whether these provisions are sufficient to address the bulk of trade-related corruption is questionable, given the narrow range of corrupt practices that are affected by these, mainly procedural, obligations. This article sets out a framework for further research into the question of how corruption affects trade liberalization, and puts forth a suggestion for how the WTO could take a step towards remedying its avoidance of the topic of corruption while not exceeding its functional scope of regulating trade relations among Members.
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Latif, Birkah, Syamsuddin Muhammad Noor, Juajir Sumardi, and Irwansyah Irwansyah. "The Impact of the Development of Trade Practices on Enforcement of International Environmental Law." Sriwijaya Law Review 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol3.iss2.226.pp137-151.

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The issue of trade and environment is always debatable. Degradation and damaging to the environment surge the countries in making comprehensive and multi-approach planning. This is based on the view that trade should not only count for profit but also carry out calculations and planning for the impacts and conditions when the business is carried out and after completion. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the environment causes trade not to be carried out and to end economic growth and there is a solution to balance the environment and trade as prevention in both fields through environmental protection legal instruments. The first issue showed that trade that used to be a source of income that is the main target of countries, nevertheless, the unwise planning and also corrupt cases has made the trade become the trigger for environmental damage. This condition caused by a lack of awareness in law enforcement and even various corruption issues causing trade to become a threat, especially for the environment. The second issue arises, which is the mechanism in balancing trade and the environment to preserve the environment and encourage the country's economic growth by optimizing the implementation of environmental protection laws. This paper uses normative legal research methods by collecting data derived from the literature, legislation, articles, and cases that occur within countries. The result shows that more states and stakeholder using more technique on achieving a balance of trade and environment protection, with a pro-environment calculation, it is expected that trade will be carried out in parallel with environmental preservation.
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Sheffet, Mary Jane. "The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988: Did They Change Corporate Behavior?" Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 14, no. 2 (September 1995): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569501400210.

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The author examines the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, and some of the cases decided under each bill. A survey of the Chief Legal Counsels of Fortune 500 companies was done to determine whether U.S. corporations had adopted new codes of ethics and/or conduct to ensure their firms’ compliance with the FCPA and its amendments. The survey also studied whether the firms had changed their sales and marketing practices after these laws were passed. The results indicate that many of the responding firms made some changes; however, new allegations of foreign bribery by American firms probably indicate that vigorous enforcement of the FCPA must be continued.
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Munharo, Steven, Steven Munharo, Akpan Aniekan Edet, Akpan Edikan Friday, Takudzwa Chrispen Maradze, Attaullah Ahmadi, Lucero-Prisno III Don Eliseo, and Lucero-Prisno III Don Eliseo. "Impact of COVID-19 on Supply Chains in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Health International 3, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3824.

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Zimbabwe like many other sub-Saharan African states has been struggling to provide a quality health service delivery system. Nations with rampant corruption and ineffective bureaucracy made worse, the response towards the fight against COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019. Despite the Zimbabwean government setting out protocols with international agencies such as WHO, World Health Organization to mount an effective response against COVID-19, the health system has been overstretched with lack of personal protective equipment, shortage of drugs and essential equipment and wanton corruption practices coupled with shortage of staff. Timely delivery of orders is still a challenge due to strict bureaucratic measures when transporting goods and the existing competition between countries. Manufacturers and donors are shifting their focus to their countries leaving the Zimbabwean health service underfunded and under-resourced. However, among the challenges experienced the country has been given a chance to revisit its priorities and strategize how best the government and organizations can move essential medical goods, utilize current trade agreements such as ACFTA, African Continental Free Trade Area and local drug manufacturers to produce essential medicines. Launching an efficient mechanism to end corrupt practices in procurement and supply as well as improve interagency cooperation and communication may help improve efforts to end COVID-19 in Zimbabwe.
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Cugova, Aneta, and Juraj Cug. "International Financial Reporting Standards as a tool for Earnings management." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219202012.

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Research background: The idea of harmonizing accounting at the international level gradually began to spread from the second half of the 20th century as a result of globalization and the growth of international trade. Due to the expansion of this business, users of financial statements have a need for comparability and transparency. National accounting legislation was so different that a reliable assessment of companies from different national backgrounds was not possible. The intention was to create uniform, globally applicable accounting standards. Purpose of the article: This paper clarifies the theoretical background of selected accounting standards that can significantly expand the scope for earnings management. Methods: Basic scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and abstraction were used to meet the stated goal. Findings & Value added: The correct application of IFRS can increases the scope for discretionary accounting practices. The change in reporting and valuation according to domestic legislation to reporting and valuation according to international standards may, to varying degrees, affect the picture of the financial position as well as the achieved profit of the company.
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Bello, Semiu Musa. "The dilemma of newspaper cartoonists: perspectives from Nigerian practitioners." Indonesian Journal of Communication Studies 14, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/ijcs.v14i2.5345.

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Cartooning in journalism practice is, by nature and as demonstrated in many parts of the world, an intelligent journalistic endeavour undertaken by cartoonists or cartoon journalists to put those in power to accountability and responsibility. It is a special genre of journalism profession to disseminate information graphically and illustratively to members of the public. Cartoonists strategically use cartoons and their journalistic drawings to portray social evils, corrupt practices, criticise policies and programmes of government, actions of various corporate bodies, religious organisations and individuals’ misdemeanours in a satirical and comic form. In the course of performing these multifarious functions in society, cartoonists have been subjected to an array of challenges or have been made to go through various challenges and consequently thrown into dilemma. Investigating these challenges and how cartoon journalists have been able to cope in their trade and profession define the thesis of this study. Operationally, the study employs the indepth interview research method to garner the perspectives of cartoon practitioners in Nigeria to determine the dimension of the challenges they encounter in their profession and what factors keep them in the profession. Among other challenges, this study find that cartoon journalists encounter proprietor’s influence, poor remuneration, lower estimation and respect by editors and other superior officers in media organisations as well as threats, insecurity and attacks from the politicians. Cartoon journalists, however, remain motivated and committed to their profession due to personal interest/passion and love for public interest.
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Holmes, Ralph. "The ongoing challenge of representative sampling of bulk mineral commodities." TOS Forum 2022, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/tosf.159.

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Sampling of bulk mineral commodities for international trade, such as iron ore, coal and a wide variety of mineral concentrates, is generally carried out in accordance with National or more commonly International (ISO) Standards developed to provide representative samples for subsequent analysis and payment. Because commercial transactions are involved, clearly getting the sampling right is critically important, and poor sampling practices can potentially lead to substantial financial losses for one of the parties involved. The “golden rule” for correct sampling is that “all parts of the material being sampled must have an equal probability of being collected and becoming part of the final sample for analysis”. If this rule is not respected, then bias is easily introduced and samples are not representative. While on-site observations indicate that the adoption of good sampling practices is improving, ensuring that samples are representative continues to be an ongoing challenge. This is often due to cost-cutting measures where sampling facilities, equipment and operations are the first to suffer, or it may just simply be due to ignorance of the requirements for collecting representative samples despite the existence of National and International Standards as well as high level sampling courses presented by international experts. More often than not, the company focus is on maximizing production tonnage rather than product quality and its measurement. Areas where significant issues continue to occur include: Primary cutter design for ever increasing high-capacity streams Correct operation of cross-stream secondary cutters Crusher performance and ongoing maintenance, particularly in relation to product particle size Retained sample mass versus particle size Extraction and handling of moisture samples Equipment maintenance. Timely ongoing maintenance of sample stations is critical and needs to be a high priority to ensure correct performance. A“set and forget” strategy simply does not work. Sampling needs to be given the commitment it deserves by company management, particularly through correct sample plant design, timely equipment maintenance, and appropriate staff training and awareness.
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Hamid Saremi and Pedram Saremi. "Role of ethics in global business." Journal of Management and Science 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.12.49.

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Man wants success, since the success of a person in personal, professional, and social life depends on his patterns of communication behavior, the correction of these patterns also plays an essential role in achieving success.Success is achieved in the light of man's right and easy connection with himself and others; Because people are constantly interacting with themselves and others. Man is a social being and today, with the amazing development of societies, globalization,Individuals interact with a multitude of different organizations, and this has significantly complicated the relationship of individuals with each other and with organizations and the interrelationship of organizations with each other.Despite these complexities, everyone wants easy and correct communication with each other; Because they find comfort and tranquility in its light. This article seeks to examine the role of professional ethics in business, the history of business ethics in the world, the principles and foundations of business ethics and the views of thinkers, fair and unfair business practices, ethical guidelines on commercial advertising, consumer rights and ethics In production, globalization and business ethics, social marketing and its relationship with ethics, business ethics, and intellectual property rights, definitions of moral values, fair or just trade, ethical charters, and their codification circumstance business ethics terminology, international organizations active in the field of professional ethics.
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Vanasco, Rocco R. "The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: an international perspective." Managerial Auditing Journal 14, no. 4/5 (June 1999): 161–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02686909910269878.

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Esteve-Pérez, Silviano, Salvador Gil-Pareja, Rafael Llorca-Vivero, and Jordi Paniagua. "Corruption and International Trade: A Re-assessment with Intra-National Flows." Economics 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/econ-2022-0015.

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Abstract This study re-examines the impact of corruption on international trade accounting for both inter- and intra-national flows in line with the latest advances in the gravity equation literature. Using a wide sample of countries for the period 1995–2017, our results show that the non-inclusion of internal trade flows drastically biases the estimations. Additionally, we find that the negative impact of corruption on trade is reduced, ceteris paribus, in poorer countries. We also find non-linearities, more corrupt countries present a more harmful impact of corruption on trade. Moreover, we perform a general equilibrium analysis to investigate the impact of a given reduction in perceived corruption on a selected group of countries’ economic growth and prices. We find that these effects are far from being negligible, especially when there is a “synchronized” reduction in corruption in most corrupt countries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International trade – Corrupt practices"

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Philipp, Julia. "The Criminalisation of Trading in Influence in International Anti-Corruption Laws." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3574_1282236062.

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Despite being mentioned in most international anti-corruption instruments, trading in influence appears only rarely in the spotlight of legal practice and literature. This paper aims to shed some light on the issue. The main objective is to highlight the different forms of trading in influence stipulated in various international agreements and national laws in order to draw a comprehensive picture of this offence. Furthermore, by identifying and critically appraising the core issues connected with trading in influence, this paper aims to provide recommendations which may be of use to states obliged to implement or to consider implementing this offence.

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Silveira, Luciana Dutra de Oliveira. "A nova geração de leis anticorrupção: os possíveis impactos da Lei da Empresa Limpa para o comércio internacional brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21623.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-23T12:15:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Dutra de Oliveira Silveira.pdf: 3309566 bytes, checksum: 1bca7d14fb346807aff935bfc2266525 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T12:15:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Dutra de Oliveira Silveira.pdf: 3309566 bytes, checksum: 1bca7d14fb346807aff935bfc2266525 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-08
There is now an apparent worldwide trend to fight corruption through the adoption of the new generation of anticorruption laws, that is, domestic laws with extraterritorial reach that provide for legal responsibility to corporations for corrupt practices. In 2013, Brazil joined this movement with the adoption of the Clean Company Act. The entry into force of this legislation provoked criticism and concern, especially with regard to the tension between the underlying interests of the measure and its impacts. Considering that the new generation of anti-corruption laws focuses on corporate conduct abroad, it is clear the ability to impact international trade activities. This thesis addresses the possible impacts of the Clean Company Act to Brazilian international trade from the point of view of growth or fall in imports and exports flows, as well as the formulation of public policies and changes in the behavior of the private sector. Because it is a fairly recent regulation and due to the lack of convictions due to the practice of corruption abroad, the verification of the aforementioned impacts was done based on the study of the United States’ experience with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). In light of the results regarding the adoption of the law and the imposition of FCPA enforcement actions, this thesis discusses the possible impacts of the Clean Company Act to Brazilian international trade. In summary, the thesis presents considerations regarding the future of Brazilian import and export flows in view of the new generation of anti-corruption laws, the challenges and the alternatives for the Brazilian government to achieve the objectives pursued with the aforementioned legislation, as well as the changes that will be promoted in the private sector conducts due to the new culture of compliance in international trade
Observa-se na atualidade uma aparente tendência mundial de combate à corrupção por meio da adoção da nova geração de leis anticorrupção, isto é, leis domésticas com alcance extraterritorial que atribuem responsabilidade às pessoas jurídicas pela prática da corrupção. Em 2013, o Brasil aderiu a esse movimento com a implementação da Lei da Empresa Limpa. A entrada em vigor dessa normativa atraiu críticas e preocupações, sobretudo no que diz respeito à tensão entre os interesses subjacentes à medida e os seus impactos. Tendo em vista que a nova geração de leis anticorrupção tem como escopo a atuação corporativa no exterior, é evidente o seu poder de impactar as atividades de comércio internacional. A presente tese aborda os possíveis impactos da Lei da Empresa Limpa para o comércio internacional brasileiro, tanto do ponto de vista de crescimento ou queda nas importações e exportações, quanto de formulação de políticas públicas e mudanças no comportamento do setor privado. Por se tratar de uma normativa bastante recente e devido à inexistência de condenações pela prática da corrupção no exterior, a verificação dos mencionados impactos foi feita a partir do estudo da experiência dos Estados Unidos com o Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Com base nos resultados obtidos acerca da implementação do marco jurídico e da aplicação de medidas corretivas fundamentadas na referida lei, esta tese discute os possíveis impactos da Lei da Empresa Limpa para o comércio internacional brasileiro. Em suma, a tese traz considerações acerca do futuro dos fluxos de importação e exportação brasileiros em vista da nova geração de leis anticorrupção, dos desafios e das alternativas para o governo brasileiro alcançar os objetivos almejados com a referida normativa, bem como das mudanças que serão promovidas na atuação do setor privado haja vista a nova cultura do compliance no comércio internacional
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Palmer, John. "Exploring Small Business Strategies to Comply With the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3059.

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U.S. aerospace companies are estimated to lose more than $25 billion in international contracts per year due to bribery. These losses create Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) compliance strategy challenges for U.S. aerospace companies' management. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies that U.S. aerospace small business leaders use to comply with the FCPA. The conceptual framework for this study was the regulatory compliance conceptual model, which suggests that small business leaders must gain deeper insight into how corporate compliance policies address the FCPA requirements. The target population for this study was leaders of a small U.S. aerospace company in California. Data collection included semistructured, face-to-face interviews with 7 business managers and an archival exploration of internal company documents related to FCPA compliance. The data analysis process used thematic analysis, including methodological triangulation, to identify 4 themes: continuous FCPA compliance training, interactive management, compliance with cultural norms, and qualifying opportunities for FCPA compliance. These themes highlighted practical strategies for compliance with the FCPA, which are essential in achieving international business contracts. Small U.S. aerospace businesses must consider these 4 themes when developing corporate compliance directives with the FCPA. Better international business ethics through compliance with the FCPA will facilitate positive social change by reducing corporate operational costs and creating jobs, which improve the quality of life and well-being of people in the local communities.
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Geng, Su N. "Anti-dumping practices and China." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335354.

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Attour, Suleiman I. "International advertising practices of multinational companies in Europe and the Middle-East." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312905.

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Keilson, David Paul. "U.S. International Container Trade: Trends, Air Quality Effects, and Best Practices for Mitigation." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01062009-011031/.

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The purpose of the paper is to identify relationships between international trade and air quality, and to identify principles and practices to mitigate the air quality impacts of trade growth. The focus is on container trade. The primary modes examined are trucking, rail, and marine. After a brief background on the magnitude of U.S. international container trade, the paper identifies trends in international and domestic container transportation. Freight contributions to national and regional emissions are described. Air quality at major gateways and hubs is examined. Current and proposed emission and fuel standards are discussed and compared across modes. Projections of future freight emissions and modal contributions are discussed. Principles are described to guide the evaluation of mitigation practices. A list of practices is compiled for each mode, including technology, operational, institutional, and infrastructure approaches. Recommendations are given for mitigation strategies and for further research.
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Ogrodowczyk, Joseph Daniel. "Policies Affecting Production Practices and Adoption of Integrated Pest Management for Jamaican Farmers in Ebony Park, Clarendon." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31602.

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Farmers' decisions to adopt Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies depend on the profitability of IPM systems relative to the traditional production methods. Government policies may affect the profitability of the IPM technologies. A linear programming model was developed and used to evaluate the economic incentives for adoption of Integrated Pest Mangement (IPM) practices by Jamaican farmers in Ebony Park, Clarendon. Further analysis was completed to determine the affect of policy changes on the profitability of the IPM systems. The objective function of the model was to maximize net returns above variable costs for the farm and included: ten cropping systems, resource constraints, relative prices, and government policies facing the farm. Resource constraints included risk constraints limiting the maximum acreage planted for each crop. Potential crops grown by the farm included: IPM and conventional hot pepper, IPM and conventional sweet potato, IPM and conventional callaloo, corn, pumpkin, cassava, and sugar cane. The trade and domestic policies incorporated into the model were: preclearance (farm level inspections of exportable harvest), elimination of the concessionary water rates to farmers, lowering the duty concession rate to farmers, lowering the Common External Tariff, appreciation of the real exchange rate, elimination of the credit subsidy and a fall in the real interest rate. The results of the model showed four major conclusions. First, the IPM systems for hot pepper, sweet potato and callaloo were more profitable than the conventional systems. Second, within the framework of risk constraints and preclearance, the IPM systems continued to be more profitable than the conventional practices. Third, the elimination of either the water or credit subsidies currently available to the farmers did not greatly affect the profitability of the IPM systems compared with the profitability of conventional production. Fourth, with a lower real interest rate, the elimination of the duty concession, a lowering of the Common External Tariff (CET) or an appreciation of the real exchange rate, the IPM systems were more profitable than the conventional technologies. Four implications arose from the conclusions. First, extension efforts towards farmers should emphasize the increase in profits from the IPM technologies. Second, policy steps designed to liberalize the domestic economy will not require offsetting policies supporting the adoption of IPM by farmers in Clarendon. Further research is needed on the effects of water availability on IPM adoption and the potential barriers to IPM adoption by female-headed households. Finally, further research is on the economic returns of incorporating preclearance education with IPM.
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Horn, Roelof Combrinck. "The legal regulation of corporate governance with reference to international trends." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1042.

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Carolissen, Lee-David. "An analysis of the impact of the European Union's policy of export subsidies has on South Africa's Agricultural sector." Thesis, Online access, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_9435_1256215062.pdf.

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Fitzgerald, Philip. "Les dispositifs juridiques internationaux de lutte contre la corruption des agents publics étrangers." Thesis, Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL0064/document.

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Les États ont depuis de nombreuses années incriminé la corruption des agents publics nationaux. La crise de l'énergie de 1973 et la fin de la guerre froide de 1989 ont néanmoins stimulé l'apparition d’une forme spécifique de corruption jusqu’alors passé sous silence par les textes juridiques : la corruption d’un agent public étranger. La lutte contre la corruption des agents publics étrangers a récemment connu un essor international normatif considérable notamment avec l’entrée en vigueur de plusieurs conventions internationales à visée régionale et universelle. La genèse de cette réaction internationale est avant tout d’inspiration étatsunienne. Promulgué aux États-Unis en 1977 dans le sillage de l’affaire du Watergate, le Foreign Corrupt Practices Act fut la première loi nationale incriminant la corruption d’un agent public étranger. Cette loi est progressivement devenue la matrice des textes internationaux ultérieurs. La lutte contre la corruption internationale doit faire face aux difficultés de mise en œuvre qui sont inhérentes à l’application des conventions internationales. Il est parfois estimé que ce dispositif juridique international n’est pas toujours d’une efficacité parfaite. Un premier niveau de recherche qui consiste à opérer une analyse des textes juridiques, conduira à étudier la dimension opératoire des dispositifs en vigueur. A la lumière des avis des praticiens contemporains de lutte contre la corruption, un second niveau d’analyse complétant le premier aura pour objectif final de formuler des propositions d’amélioration des mécanismes juridiques existants en droit international positif
States have criminalised the corruption of their national public officials for many years. The 1973 energy crisis and the end of the Cold War catalyzed however the increase of a specific form of corruption which had been until that point largely ignored by the legislators: the corruption of a foreign public official. The combat against the corruption of foreign public officials has recently witnessed major international normative developments notably with the entry into force of several international conventions at regional and global levels. The genesis of this international reaction can largely be attributed to the United States. In the wake of the Watergate scandal, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was signed into law by President Carter in 1977 becoming the first national legislation criminalising the corruption of foreign public officials. This law progressively became the template of the future international texts. The fight against this form of corruption faces many of the enforcement difficulties which are inherent to the application of international conventions. The efficacy of the international legal framework can logically be questioned. A primary analysis of the pertinent legal instruments will therefore attempt to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this framework. In the light of the opinion of various experts in the combat against corruption, a second level of analysis which completes the first shall formulate proposals to improve the existing legal mechanisms in current international law
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Books on the topic "International trade – Corrupt practices"

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Sayed, Abdulhay. Corruption in international trade and commercial arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2004.

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Earth, Friends of the, ed. Plunder in Ghana's rainforest for illegal profit: An expose of corruption, fraud, and other malpractice in the international timber trade. London: Friends of the Earth, 1992.

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Deming, Stuart H. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the new international norms. [Chicago, Ill.]: Section of International Law and Practice, American Bar Association, 2005.

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American Bar Association. Section of International Law and Practice., ed. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the new international norms. [Chicago, Ill.]: Section of International Law and Practice, American Bar Association, 2005.

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Treerat, Nualnoi, and Čhulālongkō̜nmahāwitthayālai. Sūn Sưksā Sētthakit Kānmư̄ang., eds. Khō̜rapchan kap kānkhā rawāng prathēt. [Bangkok]: Sūn Sưksā Sētthasāt Kānmư̄ang, Khana Sētthasāt, Čhulālongkō̜nmahāwitthayālai, 2000.

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Deming, Stuart H. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the new international norms. 2nd ed. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, 2010.

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Deming, Stuart H. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the new international norms. 2nd ed. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, 2010.

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The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the new international norms. 2nd ed. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, 2010.

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GOVERNMENT, US. International Anti-bribery and Fair Competition Act of 1998. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Materials, United States Congress House Committee on Commerce Subcommittee on Finance and Hazardous. The International Anti-Bribery and Fair Competition Act of 1998: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Finance and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, on H.R. 4353, September 10, 1998. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "International trade – Corrupt practices"

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Seyoum, Belay. "Pricing in International Trade." In Export–Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures, 161–88. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003020509-11.

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Seyoum, Belay. "Exchange Rates and International Trade." In Export–Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures, 249–62. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003020509-15.

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Seyoum, Belay. "Growth and Direction of International Trade." In Export–Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures, 7–19. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003020509-3.

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Seyoum, Belay. "International and Regional Agreements Affecting Trade." In Export–Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures, 20–40. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003020509-4.

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Dell’Osso, Vincenzo. "Empirical Features of International Bribery Practice: Evidence from Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Enforcement Actions." In Preventing Corporate Corruption, 201–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04480-4_10.

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Valdhans, Jiří. "Consequences of Corrupt Practices in Business Transactions (Including International) in Terms of Czech Law." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 99–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19054-9_4.

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Stueber, Julian. "Reconstructing the Trade-Security Nexus in EU External Action as a Nexus of Practices." In Contributions to International Relations, 29–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90796-9_2.

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Sharma, Rajesh. "Emerging trends in the dispute settlement mechanism in the Free Trade Agreements of China, South Korea and Japan." In International Arbitration Discourse and Practices in Asia, 204–17. New York, NY: Routledge, 2017. | Series: Law, language and communication: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315229799-17.

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Escobar-Pemberthy, Natalia, and Maria Alejandra Calle Saldarriaga. "International Business, Trade and the Nagoya Protocol: Best Practices and Challenges for Sustainability in Access and Benefit-Sharing." In World Sustainability Series, 813–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26759-9_48.

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Naef, Tobias. "Restrictions on Data Transfers and the WTO." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law, 233–366. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19893-9_4.

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AbstractThe WTO is not well-known for being an institution that regulates the free flow of personal data across borders. The trade agreements under the auspices of the WTO either predate or coincide with the invention and early development of the internet. When the WTO was created in 1994, its members agreed to create rules for trade in services. Tim Wu observed that as a consequence, and almost by accident, “the WTO has put itself in an oversight position for most of the national laws and practices that regulate the Internet.” Wu (Chicago J Int Law 7(1), 264, 2006). Over a quarter century later, the internet has become indispensable for trade in services, facilitating not only communication and payment between parties involved in any transaction, but also as a platform for the transmission of the services themselves, and the driving technology for the creation of new services. The first section of this chapter shows how cross-border flows of personal data (on the internet) have become intertwined with the supply of many digital services (Sect. 4.1). The second section describes how the rules of the WTO on trade in services are relevant for the regulation of cross-border flows of personal data (Sect. 4.2). These multilateral trade rules can be used as proxies to distinguish between legitimate regulatory concerns and protectionism. Regarding the regulation of cross-border flows of personal data, these rules allow for the legal assessment of the line between data protection and data protectionism. The third section of this chapter analyzes whether the EU’s fundamental rights-based regulation of data transfers interferes with the rules of the WTO on trade in services (Sect. 4.3). The fourth section assesses whether the interferences that have been identified can be justified under the relevant exceptions to the rules of the WTO on trade in services (Sect. 4.4).
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Conference papers on the topic "International trade – Corrupt practices"

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Sanka, Abdurrashid Ibrahim, and Ray C. C. Cheung. "Blockchain: Panacea for Corrupt Practices in Developing Countries." In 2019 2nd International Conference of the IEEE Nigeria Computer Chapter (NigeriaComputConf). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nigeriacomputconf45974.2019.8949626.

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Lazorčáková, Ema. "Legislative Aspects of Unfair Trade Practices in B2C Relationships." In International Scientific Days 2022. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2022.s4.09.

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Arpášová, Michaela. "Legislation Aspects of Sustainable Trade Practices in Food Supply Chains." In International Scientific Days 2022. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2022.s4.01.

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Jose, Jestichan, and Moses Daniel R. "Awareness of Banking Products /Forex and Trade Services in Rural areas of Kerala with Special Emphasis on Palakkad District." In CAASR International Conference on Contemporary Management Practices. Canadian Arena of Applied Scientific Research Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18797/caasr/iccmp/2015/11/27/04.

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Karazijienė, Žaneta, and Miglė Eleonora Černikovaitė. "ASSESSMENT OF E-TRADE IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.914.

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The article analyses the topic of e-trade assessment in a global environment. To achieve the objective, a de-tailed analysis of scientific works was carried out in order to identify the importance of e-trade assessment in a global environment and, by removing the identified limitations, to develop a model of e-trade evaluation applicable to a global environment. The empirical research was based on the developed e-trade evaluation model to test its effectiveness and applicability in a global environment. Based on the data collected, a multi-criteria assessment of e-trade was carried out, dividing the factors into five dimensions: emotional (consumer satisfaction and trust), technological (internet ac-cessibility, data security and privacy), financial (e-GDP, e-trade sales, impact of e-trade on overall company turnover), social (internet usage and purchasing volumes) and tax environment (VAT), and a comparative analysis of the coun-tries to compare the results of economically similar countries, to find out why the market leaders are performing so well in the e-trade sector, and to identify the methodologies and practices used in these countries, so as to identify the most effective methods and practices that can be applied in other countries. The results of the multi-criteria assessment al-lowed European countries to be classified into three groups: from market leaders to the most laggard countries. The strongest growth rates are found in Ro-mania and Bulgaria. It is worth noting that e-trade is also unpopular in South-ern European countries: Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta, Cyprus.
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Göktepe, Hülya. "Unfair Competition in Imports and Anti-damping Practices in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01219.

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Unfair competition in imports is done by dumping or subsidy. According to the Turkish legislation dumping; export price of a product to Turkey being less than the normal value for the like product, subsidy; a direct or indirect financial contribution by the country of origin or export, which confers a benefit or any form of income or price support within the meaning of Article XVI of GATT 1994. In the case of unfair competition in imports, General Directorate of Imports applies trade defence instruments (antidumping, antisubsidy, safeguard measures) in compliance with WTO rules and national legislation, and follows up the enforcement of those measures. The purpose in this study is to contribute to Turkish literature related to damping and subsidy. In this study, national and international regulation on antidumping will be given. It will be explained antidumping practices in Turkey. Dumping investigations will be presented. The data from Ministry of Economy and foreign trade data will be used. This study is a descriptive study.
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Ochoa, Rita, and Alessia Allegri. "Mapping Intermittent Practices in Lisbon." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002352.

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Worldwide, are emerging several forms of uses of space, activities, expressions, and relationships that enable and empower temporariness and sharing in the urban spaces: it is what we call Intermittent Practices (IP). IP are generating significant changes on the urban context and new challenges to policy, planning, and governance. The research project “Intermittent Lisbon. Temporary uses and sharing practices in the adaptive city” focuses on the distinctive sort of intermittences that occur in the different dimensions of public life, driving urban transformations and causing disruptions in the conventional relations between space, time and use.The present paper stems from this project and reports the mapping, systematization and interpretative reading of a collection of IP case studies. Using previously defined criteria, 10 examples will be addressed, covering the following five areas: 1. Housing and Working; Services, Leisure, Trade, 3. Culture and Artistic Action, 4. Mobility, 5. Public space and Community use.We consider that the reconceptualization of temporariness and sharing can lead to the definition of new disciplinary paradigms in which flexibility and adaptability become fundamental elements of the design processes. Therefore, a critical evaluation of this in progress phenomena is essential and an opportunity to rethink the way we live cities and design them, also in light of the pandemic crisis we have just experienced.Keywords: Intermittent Practices, Lisbon, Temporary uses, Sharing, Adaptive City
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"Improving the Model of HRM Practices and Trade Union in Simultaneous With Key Role of Iraq Law." In rd Joint International Conference on Accounting, Business, Economics and Politics. Tishk International University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23918/icabep2021p27.

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Lendvorský, Michal, Beáta Mikušová, and Nikoleta Jakuš. "Úloha protikorupčných mimovládnych neziskových organizácií v municipálnej politike." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-30.

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The degree of enforcement of political accountability at all levels of government affects the level of corruption. Active civil society shaping public opinion puts pressure on politicians to act responsibly and thus reduces the risk of corrupt practices. Increasing political responsibility at the municipal level is possible through the operation of non-governmental organizations as subjects / actors of municipal policy. The aim of the study is to point out the possibilities of solving the problem of corruption at the local level through the activities of anti-anticorruption NGOs as subjects of municipal policy. The research issue is anticorruption NGOs activities in corruption problem solving at the local level government. The research subject is NGO Against Corruption. The key methods of scientific research are the methods of classification analysis, comparison and abstraction in the creation of a theoretical and methodological framework for solving the problem; methods of causal analysis in the application part of the study and methods of synthesis and partial induction in drawing conclusions. Secondary data collection will take place through a constructive method and their processing and evaluation through the case study method. The methods applied to the civic association Against Corruption will be effective in mapping their complex activities and activities at the municipal level.
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Huard, V., F. Cacho, L. Claramond, P. Alves, W. Dalkowski, D. Jacquet, S. Lecomte, et al. "Advances in industrial practices for optimal performance/reliability/power trade-off in commercial high-performance microprocessors for wireless applications." In 2013 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irps.2013.6531998.

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Reports on the topic "International trade – Corrupt practices"

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Antràs, Pol, and C. Fritz Foley. Poultry in Motion: A Study of International Trade Finance Practices. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17091.

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Dudoit, Alain, Molivann Panot, and Thierry Warin. Towards a multi-stakeholder Intermodal Trade-Transportation Data-Sharing and Knowledge Exchange Network. CIRANO, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mvne7282.

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The performance of supply chains used to be mainly the concern of academics and professionals who studied the potential efficiencies and risks associated with this aspect of globalisation. In 2021, major disruptions in this critical sector of our economies are making headlines and attracting the attention of policy makers around the world. Supply chain bottlenecks create shortages, fuel inflation, and undermine economic recovery. This report provides a transversal and multidisciplinary analysis of the challenges and opportunities regarding data interoperability and data sharing as they relate to the ‘Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Trade Corridor’ (GLSLTC)’s intermodal transportation and trade data strategy. The size and scope of this trade corridor are only matched by the complexity of its multimodal freight transportation systems and growing urbanization on both sides of the Canada-US border. This complexity is exacerbated by the lack of data interoperability and effective collaborations between the different stakeholders within the various jurisdictions and amongst them. Our analytical work relies on : 1) A review of the relevant documentation on the latest challenges to supply chains (SC), intermodal freight transport and international trade, identifying any databases that are to be used.; 2) A comparative review of selected relevant initiatives to give insights into the best practices in digital supply chains implemented in Canada, the United States, and the European Union.; 3) Interviews and discussions with experts from Transport Canada, Statistics Canada, the Canadian Centre on Transportation Data (CCTD) and Global Affairs Canada, as well as with CIRANO’s research community and four partner institutions to identify databases and data that they use in their research related to transportation and trade relevant data availabilities and methodologies as well as joint research opportunities. Its main findings can be summarized as follow: GLSLTC is characterized by its critical scale, complexity, and strategic impact as North America’s most vital trade corridor in the foreseeable further intensification of continental trade. 4% of Canadian GDP is attributed to the Transportation and Logistics sector (2018): $1 trillion of goods moved every year: Goods and services imports are equivalent to 33% of Canada’s GDP and goods and services exports equivalent to 32%. The transportation sector is a key contributor to the achievement of net-zero emissions commitment by 2050. All sectors of the Canadian economy are affected by global supply chain disruptions. Uncertainty and threats extend well beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. “De-globalization” and increasing supply chains regionalization pressures are mounting. Innovation and thus economic performance—increasingly hinges on the quantity and quality of data. Data is transforming Canada’s economy/society and is now at the center of global trade “Transport data is becoming less available: Canada needs to make data a priority for a national transportation strategy.” * “How the Government of Canada collects, manages, and governs data—and how it accesses and shares data with other governments, sectors, and Canadians—must change.”
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Rahmé, Marianne, and Alex Walsh. Corruption Challenges and Responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.093.

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The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) consistently scores in the lowest rungs of global indexes on corruption, integrity and wider governance standards. Indeed, corruption of different sorts pervades public and corporate life, with strong ramifications for human development. Although the DRC is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources, its people are among the globe’s poorest.Corruption in the extractive industries (minerals and oil) is particularly problematic in terms of scale and its centrality to a political economy that maintains elites and preserves the highly inequitable outcomes for the majority. The politico-economic elites of the DRC, such as former President Joseph Kabila, are reportedly significant perpetrators but multinationals seeking valuable minerals or offering financial services are also allegedly deeply involved. Corruption is therefore a problem with national and international roots.Despite national and international initiatives, levels of corruption have proven very stubborn for at least the last 20 years, for various reasons. It is a structural and not just a legal issue. It is deeply entrenched in the country’s political economy and is driven both by domestic clientelism and the fact that multinationals buy into corrupt deals. This rapid review therefore seeks to find out the Corruption challenges and responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Grand level corruption shades down into the meso-level, where for instance, mineral laden trucks are systematically under-weighted with the collusion of state officials. With severe shortfalls in public funding, certain public services, such as education, are supported by informal payments. Other instances of petty corruption facilitate daily access to goods and services. At this level, there are arguments against counting such practices as forms of corruption and instead as necessary survival practices.To address the challenge of corruption, the DRC is equipped with a legal system that is of mixed strengths and an institutional arsenal that has made limited progress. International programming in integrity and anti-corruption represents a significant proportion of support to the DRC but much less than humanitarian and governance sectors. The leading international partners in this regard are the EU, US, UNDP, UK, African Development Bank, Germany and Sweden. These partners conduct integrity programming in general governance issues, as well as in the mineral and forest sectors.The sources used in this rapid review are gender blind and converge on a very negative picture The literature ranges from the academic and practitioner to the journalistic and investigative, and taken as a whole, is of good quality, drawing on different types of evidence including perceptions and qualitative in-country research. The sources are mostly in English with two in French.
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Walsh, Alex, and Ben Hassine. Mediation and Peacebuilding in Tunisia: Actors and Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.061.

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This Helpdesk Report is part mapping of the mediation and peacebuilding actors in Tunisia and part review of the available literature. There are a host of governmental and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are involved in the mediation of conflicts and peacebuilding, both in formal and informal ways. There is overlap in the principles and goals of peacebuilding and mediation; many organisations conduct both practices, intermingling them. Local, regional, national and international actors have applied mediation and peacebuilding to many different types of conflict in the past decade in Tunisia, involving varied parties. The case studies included in this rapid review cover conflicts relating to labour and the economy, the environment, basic services, constitutional/political disputes, and women’s rights. They involve local communities, the unemployed national and regional trade unions, civil society organisations (CSOs), national utility and mineral companies, and political parties.
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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Ultra-Fast Methods and Instrumentation for the Analysis of Hazardous Chemicals in the Food Supply. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699852.bard.

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Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop ultra-fast methods and instrumentation for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to veterinary drugs and other contaminants, and conduct fast and ultra-fast analyses using novel 5MB-MS instrumentation, ideally with real samples. Background to the topic: The international trade of agricultural food products is a $1.2 trill ion annual market and growing. Food safety is essential to human health, and chemical residue limits are legislated nationally and internationally. Analytical testing for residues is needed to conduct risk assessments and regulatory enforcement actions to ensure food safety and environmental health, among other important needs. Current monitoring methods are better than ever, but they are still too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive to meet the broad food testing needs of consumers, government, and industry. As a result, costs are high and only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. We need affordable, ultra-fast methods that attain high quality results for a wide range of chemicals. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: This is the third BARD grant shared between Prof. Amirav and Dr. Lehotay since 2000, and continual analytical improvements have been made in terms of speed, sample throughput, chemical scope, ease-of-use, and quality of results with respect to qualitative (screening and identification) and quantitative factors. The QuEChERS sample preparation approach, which was developed in conjunction with the BARD grant in 2002, has grown to currently become the most common pesticide residue method in the world. BARD funding has been instrumental to help Dr. Lehotay make refinements and expand QuEChERS concepts to additional applications, which has led to the commercialization of QuEChERS products by more than 20 companies worldwide. During the past 3 years, QuEChERS has been applied to multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drug residues in food animals, and it has been validated and implemented by USDA-FSIS. QuEChERS was also modified and validated for faster, easier, and better analysis of traditional and emerging environmental contaminants in food. Meanwhile, Prof. Amirav has commercialized the GC-MS with 5MB technology and other independent inventions, including the ChromatoProbe with Agilent, Bruker, and FUR Systems. A new method was developed for obtaining truly universal pesticide analysis, based on the use of GC-MS with 5MB. This method and instrument enables faster analysis with lower LaDs for extended range of pesticides and hazardous compounds. A new approach and device of Open Probe Fast GC-MS with 5MB was also developed that enable real time screening of limited number of target pesticides. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LaD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope. and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade. and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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National Single Window: Guidance Note. Asian Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220175-2.

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This note provides information on planning and implementing electronic national single window systems to support efficient compliance with international trade regulations. A national single window enables trade and transport stakeholders to provide information to multiple government agencies through one platform to meet import, export, and transit requirements efficiently. Processing international trade through a single window reduces cargo release time and the cost of doing business, increases competitiveness and efficiency, and improves the way business is done. The guidance note explores why such a system matters, key governance and design components, international interoperability, good practices, and risk mitigation.
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