Academic literature on the topic 'International synergy'

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Journal articles on the topic "International synergy"

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Trachtman, Joel P. "Fragmentation, Coherence and Synergy in International Law." Transnational Legal Theory 2, no. 4 (December 2011): 505–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/tlt.2.4.505.

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Ryland, Elisabeth K. "International Students in Management: From Silence to Synergy." Journal of Management Education 16, no. 4_suppl (December 1992): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052562992016004101.

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Wang, Shuhua. "International Student Writers: Turning Cultural Stress into Synergy." Business Communication Quarterly 61, no. 2 (June 1998): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056999806100215.

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Lahiri, Bidisha. "The Welfare Synergy of Bundling International Environmental Agreements with International Trade Treaties." Review of International Economics 19, no. 5 (October 17, 2011): 909–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2011.00994.x.

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Holtström, Johan, and Helén Anderson. "Exploring and extending the synergy concept – a study of three acquisitions." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 36, no. 13 (April 6, 2021): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-09-2020-0420.

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Purpose This study aims to contribute with an extended framework on synergy realisation in acquisitions. The study conceptualises synergy realisation after acquisitions, in interaction with other companies in a business network and that synergy can be the result of both intended and not intended actions. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a company involved in acquisitions, being both the acquirer and the acquired. The data for analysis were collected through semi-structured interviews with managers involved in the described acquisition processes. The semi-structured interviews were guided by overarching themes to cover relevant areas of the described acquisitions. Findings This study develops a framework in which synergy is used as a concept in business networks. The framework offers a more dynamic perspective on acquisition processes and extends the view of acquisition performance beyond more financial and company internal aspects of acquisition processes. Further, the findings show that related companies such as customers and suppliers, play important roles in synergy realisation. Practical implications From a managerial perspective, the study shows the importance of understanding the underlying forces of integration processes. Originality/value The concept of synergy used in this study not only includes the companies integrated in an acquisition but also their business networks. Including the integrated companies and their business networks provides a more dynamic perspective from which to plan and realise synergy.
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Jeremic, Zlatan. "Synergy of foreign policy and defence policy." Medjunarodni problemi 69, no. 4 (2017): 506–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1704506j.

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The relationship of the subsystem of foreign policy and defense of the state has a cause-and-effect character, but nevertheless with a more significant influence of foreign policy on the defense of the state. The state defense system is a relatively independent factor, but in practice, it functions as a means or an instrument of foreign policy, which contributes to the successful realization and protection of the unified state goals on the international plane. The basic question asked in this paper is "What kind of the relationship between the state sub-systems of foreign policy and defense can be considered optimal in the state's efforts to realize and protect vital interests in the current state of international relations"? Each of the aforementioned subsystems has its own specifics of organizing and functioning in the process of creating and practicing the foreign policy of the state. The attitude of the state's subsystems of foreign policy and defense is most visible in the legal normative arrangement, the contents of the foreign policy positions of the highest state managers and strategic documents, functional cohesion, participation in regional and global international initiatives and organizations, participation in multinational operations, as well as in the process of information supply state leadership need for foreign policy decisions. Through analysis and description of the current situation in the foreign policy and defense subsystem, as well as their mutual relationship, critical elements of the systems and processes have been identified in order to be able to overcome the projection of the foreign policy of the state.
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O'Riordan, Tim. "International Interaction and Global Environmental Governance: Synergy and Conflict among International and EU Policies." International Journal of Environmental Studies 66, no. 6 (December 2009): 801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230600967420.

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Angeletti, Silvia. "Religious Minorities’ Rights in International Law: Acknowledging Intersectionality, Enhancing Synergy." Religions 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090691.

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International human rights law on minorities sets forth a complex system of provisions affecting religious groups; still, the question of defining religious minorities remains largely unsettled. While assessing the legal framework of protection established under the UN system, this article explores the current debate drawing on the two key concepts of intersectionality and synergy. The intersectionality approach suggests that belonging to a religious minority cannot be dissociated from other features defining personal and groups’ identities (e.g., culture, ethnic origin, gender, language) and that this distinctive quality marks the multiple forms of violations and cross-cutting discriminations of which religious minorities are often victims. On the other hand, the synergy approach implies a comprehensive understanding of the legal sources protecting individual freedom of conscience and religion as well as religious minorities. Moreover, it entails fruitful cooperation among the relevant institutional and civil actors and the need for inclusive participation of persons belonging to religious minorities in democratic decision-making processes to the aim of the accomplishment of equal and full enjoyment of their human rights.
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Chung, Tan. "Sino-Indian Cultural Synergy." China Report 42, no. 2 (February 2006): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944550604200202.

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Naik, Prasad A., and Kalyan Raman. "Understanding the Impact of Synergy in Multimedia Communications." Journal of Marketing Research 40, no. 4 (November 2003): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.4.375.19385.

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Many advertisers adopt the integrated marketing communications perspective that emphasizes the importance of synergy in planning multimedia activities. However, the role of synergy in multimedia communications is not well understood. Thus, the authors investigate the theoretical and empirical effects of synergy by extending a commonly used dynamic advertising model to multimedia environments. They illustrate how advertisers can estimate and infer the effectiveness of and synergy among multimedia communications by applying Kalman filtering methodology. Using market data on Dockers brand advertising, the authors first calibrate the extended model to establish the presence of synergy between television and print advertisements in consumer markets. Second, they derive theoretical propositions to understand the impact of synergy on media budget, media mix, and advertising carryover. One of the propositions reveals that as synergy increases, advertisers should not only increase the media budget but also allocate more funds to the less effective activity. The authors also discuss the implications for advertising overspending. Finally, the authors generalize the model to include multiple media, differential carryover, and asymmetrical synergy, and they identify topics for further research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International synergy"

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Bohmelt, Tobias Friedrich Karl. "International Mediation Interaction : Synergy, Conflict, Effectiveness." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520079.

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Paralkar, Vijay Keshaorao. "Synergy of an Educational Ecosystem: A Study of Factors Affecting Wellness in International Undergraduate Students." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1607174253214026.

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Shams, Farshid. "Strategic management of offshore branch campuses in transnational higher education : global synergy versus local responsiveness." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602337.

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This research is at the intersection of strategic management, international business and internationalisation of higher education institutions (HEIs). It focuses on the managerial aspects of higher education institutions with offshore branch campuses. In the past couple of decades the number of offshore branch campuses established by HEIs - mainly universities - has increased dramatically, but most research carried out to date in this field has been anecdotal and the number of theoretical studies in this area is very limited. Thus, the aim of this research is to breach this gap by developing a theoretical framework that is capable of explaining the managerial aspects of foreign branch campus operations. The key research question in this study is how transnational higher education institutions (TNHEIs) strategically manage their offshore branch campuses. In order to address this question, the literature on TNHEIs with regard to managerial complexities is reviewed. By assimilating and reconceptualising this literature, a multidimensional framework is constructed, which encapsulates the most pertinent ramifications of managing an offshore branch campus. The framework has been constructed by drawing on a widely used paradigm in the international business discipline, known as the dichotomy of global integration versus local responsiveness (I-R dichotomy). It helps to portray the TNHEIs’ strategic positions and positional change strategies on three dimensions of curriculum, research activities and staffing.
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Lau, Ming-tak Terence, and 劉銘德. "Hong Kong competitiveness: government policy for economic synergy between Hong Kong & Mainland China after 1997." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268067.

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Godwin-, A. Hart Sotonye. "Achieving synergy between international trade and human rights : a proposal for mainstreaming human rights in the WTO." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43163.

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The integration of trade and human rights is a ubiquitous topic that has dominated academic and policy research in recent years. While it is settled that the fields of trade and human rights are distinct, the relationship between the two have become more prominent especially with the conclusion of the Uruguay Trade Round which introduced trade subjects that diminish policy space of governments. The interactions of trade and human rights have been shown in modern times to affect the realization of some human rights in developing countries and LDCs. This influence of trade liberalization on the realization of human rights has necessitated studies that explore options for integration of trade and human rights in the WTO so that trade obligations do not stymie the fulfilment of human rights obligations. Bearing in mind the lex specialis nature of the WTO and human rights systems, an integration of trade and human rights in the WTO system must be predicated on a concept or norm common to both systems. This concept or norm is development. While development is intrinsic to both the WTO and the human rights systems, there is an urgent need for a shift in perspective in the WTO idea of development from a purely economic process to a human right that inures on individuals and peoples. This shift in perspective will mandate the introduction and enforcement of certain characteristics of the right to development: free, active and inclusive participation of all, both developed and developing countries in the trade process of the WTO, not only in terms of numbers but in terms of meaningful participation and must guarantee benefits for all Members. The human right to development approach will also entail a strengthening of existing special and differential treatment provisions. It is the argument of this thesis that a shift to a human right to development approach in the WTO space will contribute to the possibility of integrating trade and human rights. The ongoing Doha Trade Round provides the very forum for such shift. The problem however is whether the WTO Members have the political will to do this.
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Muller, Dirk D. (Dirk Dieter). "Development of a synergy audit model for sustainability of horizontal airline alliances." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53362.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: For more than a decade there has been an economic need to mitigate the negative effects of the air transport industry's innate sensitivity to cyclical developments as well as the effects of its inherent lack of substantial profits. The past 20 years were additionally marked by a change in policy that prompted various countries to liberalise and privatise their civil passenger air transportation industry. At the same time, airlines' business ambitions became more global, tapping into markets beyond countries' or continents' main gateways. All three aspects started to change the pattern of airline competition and required new business models. Key features of airlines' novel business models are geographic expansion and thus market development. Global expansion strategies and market development activities in passenger air transportation are, however, not easily and fluidly executable. The airline industry is, to some extent, still nationally regulated, thus impeding passenger airlines from fully participating in the global market-scene and from freely entering promising geographies. Concomitantly, the competitive landscape in which scheduled passenger airlines operate changed drastically, with travel value chains occasionally undergoing revolutionary transformations on both the supply and the demand side. Finally, the air transport service reveals several peculiarities that impact its production, distribution and consummation. These characteristics have inspired the execution of novel forms of competitive strategies that are described and critically discussed in this dissertation. Within this context, a main root cause for passenger airline partnerships appears to be its continued regulation and the circumvention thereof through the horizontal joining of forces, thus emulating concentration tendencies that have long been a fixture in other globalising industries. Consequently, horizontal interairline partnerships were induced and identified as a key competitive device with which to weather the challenges of the new air transport rivalry structures, the increasingly deregulated environment, and the impediments of sustained market regulation. All major airlines are now involved in some type of horizontal collaboration. The spectrum of these linkages is wide and ranges from loose, unattached, operative agreements to long-term, far-reaching, strategic ones, the most salient forms and instruments of which are thoroughly scrutinised in this dissertation. This dissertation additionally presents the general core inducing economic drivers of carrier interrelationship, which are cost reduction, revenue generation and corporate power considerations. While these aspects offer a multitude of possible partnership forms and instruments, the bulk of airline linkages, however, is presently constituted of joint revenue generation and, consequently, jointly pursued marketing and market expansion goals. In view of these causes, the present dissertation engages in a profound discussion of the rationales behind interairline partnerships, their likely evolution and effects on management practice. Essentially, the key importance of airline partnerships in meeting basic economic imperatives on the one hand, while circumventing persistent regulation on the other, questions the sustainability of incumbent carriers' current business models. There are clear indications that a structured sequence of events in establishing interairline linkages is a key success factor for horizontal airline partnerships. However, the empirical examination of contemporary partnerships' governance structures and managerial practice strongly points to a lack of ample tools with which to establish airline partnerships, select the appropriate match between alliance goals and intensity, and govern alliances during their entire life-cycles. This drawback seems particularly unacceptable in view of the urgent requirement for more appropriate managerial practice in today's discontinuous air transport business environment, and speaks loudly of the need for a framework with which to enhance airline partnership output. Most ideally, a coherent, structured sequence of events should be followed in partnership formation, organisational set-up and management in order to bring an alliance to fruition. On this basis, the establishment of a collaboration governance organisation, adequately mirroring the specific partnership type and meeting the specific demands of all partners involved, is equally identified and described as a fundamental success driver in this dissertation. Further structural, organisational and functional issues thereafter need to be considered in order to transform the joint business venture of two horizontally allied carriers into a venture for mutual success. The most essential of these are introduced in this dissertation. Synergy plays a central role in this context. Synergy, as the overreaching intention and result of working together towards a common goal, must be anchored as a prime objective of all forms of partnership activities. Synergy through interfirm linkages can be derived from various collaborative areas and is greatly influenced by both internal and external factors. One gauge for synergy, in particular for the transformation of synergy potentials into synergy effects, is partnership intensity. The measurement of partnership intensity can be used to perpetually monitor the benefits of partnership activities. At the same time, inconsistent or uneven partnership intensity can indicate the existence of dissynergies or frailties in the alliance. The underlying theories of collaborative synergy generation, its main drivers and impediments, with particular reference to horizontal partnerships of scheduled passenger airlines, are explored in this dissertation. In recognition of the theoretical and practical background of airline partnerships and the acknowledged problems associated with their establishment and operation, the present dissertation proposes a novel model dynamically supporting the quest for synergy in airline interrelationships. Incorporating the goals of synergy generation and its continual measurement in interairline partnerships, the synergy audit is designed as a dynamic managerial tool. The synergy audit functions as a recurring device for unleashing all the positive partnership benefits of collaborative scope and width. It aids airline alliance management in transforming the desired benefits of partnership activities - synergy potentials - into real, tangible synergy effects during the entire partnership life cycle. The tool A.PIE (Airline Partnership Intensity Evaluator) supports the synergy audit and, which idiosyncratic to the airline industry, multidimensionally applies the deduced relationship of partnership intensity and synergy to the most salient partnership areas and functions. The present dissertation shapes understanding of the true drivers and complexities of today's airline partnerships. It proposes a circular, multidimensional and dynamic model, thus attempting to enhance the set-up, performance and output of horizontal airline collaboration. From this point of view it endeavours to fill the gap identified in contemporary airline partnership management and practice.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien asb volteks vir opsomming
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Eiler, Lisa Ann. "Accounting disclosure quality and synergy gains : evidence from cross-border mergers and acquisitions /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10203.

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Tängdén, Thomas. "Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae : Treatment, Selection and International Spread." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182897.

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The prevalence of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases is increasing worldwide. Therapeutic options for infections with these bacteria are limited not only by the production of ESBLs and carbapenemases, which confer resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems, but also by frequent co-resistance to other antibiotics. The overall aim of this thesis was to obtain a better understanding of multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae in relation to epidemiology, selection and susceptibility to antibiotic therapy. In a prospective study ESBL-producing E. coli was found to spread easily through international travel. Twenty-four of 100 Swedes travelling outside Northern Europe acquired ESBL-producing E. coli in the intestinal flora. The risk was highest for travelers visiting India and those suffering from gastroenteritis during travel. To minimize selection of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae during a hospital outbreak with these bacteria, an educational antibiotic intervention was performed at Uppsala University Hospital in 2006. The primary aim of the intervention was to reduce the consumption of parenteral cephalosporins. An immediate and radical reduction of cephalosporins was demonstrated with interrupted time series analysis. The outbreak declined during 2007 and no increased resistance to replacement antibiotics was detected. The impact of ESBL production on the antibacterial activity of ertapenem was studied in time-kill experiments. It was shown that porin-deficient subpopulations with reduced susceptibility to ertapenem frequently emerged in ESBL-producing E. coli during exposure to ertapenem at concentrations simulating human pharmacokinetics. Further, the antibacterial effects of antibiotic combinations against four strains of K. pneumoniae producing carbapenemases of the metallo-beta-lactamase type were studied in time-kill experiments. Double and triple combinations of aztreonam, fosfomycin, meropenem, rifampin and colistin at clinically relevant static concentrations were effective despite that the bacteria were frequently resistant to the individual drugs. These results indicate that there is a largely unexplored potential of antibiotic combination therapy for multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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Lau, Ming-tak Terence. "Hong Kong competitiveness : government policy for economic synergy between Hong Kong & Mainland China after 1997 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18837384.

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Grimheden, Martin. "Mechatronics Engineering Education." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-569.

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Books on the topic "International synergy"

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International arbitration and international commercial law: Synergy, convergence, and evolution : liber amicorum Eric Bergsten. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2011.

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1965-, Xiao Lin, ed. Jin rong mao yi quan qiu hua zhan lüe xie tong: Globalization strategy synergy of finance and trade. Shanghai: Shanghai ren min chu ban she, 2002.

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Yi, Ilcheong. Sinŏji: Hyokwajŏk kaebal hyŏmnyŏk kwa Han'gukchŏk kaebal model ŭi chokŏn, chedo, chŏngch'aek = Synergy. Sŏul-si: Imaejin, 2014.

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1991), Kaduna International Trade Fair Seminar (13th. Synergy in agriculture and industry for rapid development: Papers presented at the 13th Kaduna International Trade Fair Seminar. Kaduna, [Nigeria]: Kaduna Chamber of Commerce, 1991.

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Japan) FASID International Symposium (2005 Tokyo. FASID International Symposium: Development assistance for economic growth : synergy between ODA, trade and FDI with a focus on South Asia. Tokyo: Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, 2005.

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Japan) FASID+MOFA International Symposium (2006 Tokyo. Synergy among development assistance, FDI, and trade in Southern Africa: Poverty reduction through economic growth : FASID/MOFA International Symposium : December 1, 2006, venue : Elizabeth Rose Conference Hall, UN House, Tokyo. [Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan], 2006.

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Palazzo, Francesco, ed. Corruzione pubblica. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-079-2.

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This book contains the proceedings of the seminar held in Florence on 6 May 2011 within the framework of a research project of national scope funded by the Ministry of Education (MUIR). The principal inspiring aim is the quest for synergy between criminal law and administrative law in the activities aimed at fighting corruption. The 'final' interests damaged by corruption are fundamental (public safety, national economy), such as to demand the stigmatisation and efficacy inherent to the penal instrument. However, no less important is the prevention aspect recommended by the European and international institutions, which can be achieved through a real and effective reinforcement of administrative instruments, such as the prevention of conflicts of interest or the strengthening of the disciplinary system.
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Hénault, Georges-Maurice. Marketing international: Synergie, éthique et liens. Québec, Québec, Canada: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2006.

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Rühl, Günter. Wege zu einer weltweiten Management-Synergie. Kösching: J. Heizmann, 1988.

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Servais, Jean-Michel. Droits en synergie sur le travail: Éléments de droits international et comparé du travail. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "International synergy"

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Pehrsson, Anders. "Cognitive Obstacles to Realization of Competitive International Synergy." In Competitive International Strategy, 120–34. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge research in strategic management: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054733-11.

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Breiten, Christian, and B. Schmittner. "Electric parking brake meets drum brake – synergy or contradiction." In 6th International Munich Chassis Symposium 2015, 683. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09711-0_43.

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Wozny, Michael J. "Computer Graphics and Design Automation: Continued Synergy or a Parting of Ways?" In CG International ’90, 37–50. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68123-6_3.

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Böhmelt, Tobias. "The Impact of Multi-Party Mediation in International Interventions: Synergy, Conflict, Effectiveness." In International Mediation Interaction, 103–28. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92812-8_6.

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Tan, Kim Chwee Daniel, and Jennifer Yeo. "Moving Research into the Classroom: Synergy in Collaboration." In Empowering Teaching and Learning through Policies and Practice: Singapore and International Perspectives, 259–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1357-9_15.

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Fremerey, Michael, and Hana Panggabean. "Between Difference and Synergy: Cultural Issues in an International Research Scheme." In Land Use, Nature Conservation and the Stability of Rainforest Margins in Southeast Asia, 523–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08237-9_29.

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Wu, Yue, Xin Gu, and Tao Wang. "Synergy Effect of Knowledge Network and Its Self-Organization." In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, 855–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55122-2_73.

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Schlamberger, Niko, and Franci Pivec. "IT STAR in Central and Eastern Europe — A Synergy of a Goodwill." In IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 77–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25588-5_6.

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Schlunze, Rolf D. "“Hybrid” Managers Creating Cross-Cultural Synergy: A Systematic Interview Survey from Japan." In Spaces of International Economy and Management, 24–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230359550_2.

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An, Jing-wen, Xiao-chuan Wang, and Zhi-qiang Zhang. "Research on Synergy Management Thought-Based Engineering Project Management Model." In The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 519–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38433-2_57.

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Conference papers on the topic "International synergy"

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Liapis, Aggelos. "Synergy." In the 3rd international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1413634.1413665.

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Gulavani, Bhargav S., Thomas A. Henzinger, Yamini Kannan, Aditya V. Nori, and Sriram K. Rajamani. "SYNERGY." In the 14th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1181775.1181790.

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Angelini, Leonardo, Francesco Carrino, Stefano Carrino, Maurizio Caon, Denis Lalanne, Omar Abou Khaled, and Elena Mugellini. "Opportunistic synergy." In the 5th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2516540.2516563.

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Gerritsen, Bart H. M., and Imre Horváth. "Current Drivers and Obstacles of Synergy in Cyber-Physical Systems Design." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71156.

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The level of synergy is a quality measure of the cooperative actions of the components of cyber physical systems (CPSs). Our current research informed us that the phenomenon of synergy has not been understood sufficiently yet, and that there are many, even competing, views on how to interpret and operationalize it in CPSs. We can talk about synergy when the functionally and geographically distributed dissimilar system components work in concert together and create a system behavior/performance that is of higher value than the total of the individual components is. Towards synergy, unification and interoperation principles need to be considered both in design and in implementation of CPSs. In this paper, we elaborate on the various aspects of synergy, and critically analyze its drivers and obstacles. Our analysis extended to ontological, epistemological, methodological, manifestation and operational aspects of synergy. It has been found that emergence of truly synergic technologies, proliferation of sophisticated abstraction models, model-driven system specification, and platform-based function realization are the most important drivers of synergy. On the other hand, the different mental models and vocabularies, the lack of multi-level informatics, the limitations in handling non-hierarchical complexities, managing emergent intelligence and autonomous operation, and the premature state of informing science have been identified as the major obstacles. The paper makes a proposal for enhanced synergy by taking the advantage of the affordances and reducing the effects of the obstacles. The results of the critical analysis are design principles that can be used to increase the level of synergy of CPSs.
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Sadeghi, Hamid MirMohammad, and Hamed Bastani. "Synergy in USAR Robotics." In 2007 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciet.2007.4381336.

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Jaffe, Klaus, and Gerardo Febres. "Measuring synergy using entropy." In 2nd International Electronic Conference on Entropy and Its Applications. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecea-2-c001.

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Ebuchi, Naoto, and W. Timothy Liu. "AMSR and DFS synergy." In IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2010.5649640.

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May-Ostendorp, P., K. Herb, C. Calwell, and A. Howard. "In Search of Synergy." In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isee.2006.1650046.

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Kaminka, Gal A., and Milind Tambe. "A synergy of agent components." In the second international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/280765.280899.

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Kreyk, Alfred I. "Synergy Aspects of Organic Modernization." In International Conference «Responsible Research and Innovation. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.07.02.57.

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Reports on the topic "International synergy"

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Sharma, Bharat R., G. Villholth Karen, and K. D. Sharma. Groundwater research and management: integrating science into management decisions. Proceedings of IWMI-ITP-NIH International Workshop on "Creating Synergy Between Groundwater Research and Management in South and Southeast Asia," Roorkee, India, 8-9 February 2005. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2011.0025.

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