Journal articles: 'International peacekeeping'

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Smith, Christopher J. "International peacekeeping." International Affairs 70, no. 2 (April 1994): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2625256.

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Fukuyama, Francis, and Paul F. Diehl. "International Peacekeeping." Foreign Affairs 73, no. 2 (1994): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20045937.

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Pugh, Michael. "International Peacekeeping." Peace Review 26, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2014.972242.

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James, Alan. "International peacekeeping." Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 3, no. 2 (1997): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac0302_8.

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Bollmann, Janina. "International Peacekeeping." Military Law and the Law of War Review 47, no. 2 (December 2008): 504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2008.02.18.

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Sandler, Todd. "International Peacekeeping Operations." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 9 (May 16, 2017): 1875–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717708601.

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Neack, Laura. "Peacekeeping, bloody peacekeeping." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 60, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2968/060004011.

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Main, John. "Peacekeeping in international politics." International Affairs 67, no. 2 (April 1991): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620840.

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Segal, David R. "Book Review: International Peacekeeping." Armed Forces & Society 21, no. 1 (October 1994): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x9402100110.

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Quénivet, Noëlle. "Journal of International Peacekeeping." Journal of International Peacekeeping 13, no. 1-2 (2009): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541109x403061.

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Journal of International Peacekeepi, Editor. "Journal of International Peacekeeping." Journal of International Peacekeeping 15, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2011): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-90000002.

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Perova, L. V. "UKRAINE’S PARTICIPATION IN UN INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS FOR PEACEKEEPING." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Series: Juridical Sciences 5 (2019): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2707-0581/2019.5/41.

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Mironova, Vera, and Sam Whitt. "International Peacekeeping and Positive Peace." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 10 (September 18, 2015): 2074–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715604886.

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To what extent can international peacekeeping promote micro-foundations for positive peace after violence? Drawing on macro-level peacekeeping theory, our approach uses novel experimental methods to illustrate how monitoring and enforcement by a neutral third party could conceivably enhance prosocial behavior between rival groups in a tense, postconflict peacekeeping environment. Using a laboratory experiment in postwar Kosovo, we find that third-party enforcement is more effective at promoting norms of trust between ethnic Serbs and Albanians than monitoring alone or no intervention at all. We then consider real-world extensions for building positive peace across different intervention environments. Using a dictator experiment that exploits heterogeneity in NATO peacekeeping in different regions of Kosovo, our inferences about monitoring and enforcement appear robust to ecological conditions in the field.

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Golub, K. "Legal Framework of Regional Organizations’ Participation in Peacekeeping." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 20, no. 1 (2022): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2022.20.1.68.2.

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The article analyzes the international legal framework for the participation of regional organizations in peacekeeping operations. Based on a review of scientific literature, the author examines the evolution of the legal approaches of the United Nations to international peacekeeping operations, considering the changes in their content in recent decades. The author explores the coupling between the peacekeeping mechanisms of the UN and regional organizations. The main object of the study is the peacekeeping activity of the Collective Security Treaty Organization based on the relevant international treaty. The article is an attempt to assess the political capabilities of a regional organization to expand its influence in the world using formal legal research methods. Three possible formats of a peacekeeping operation based on the Agreement on Peacekeeping Activities of the CSTO are revealed by the author. First, a peacekeeping operation by decision of the Organization within the borders of its member states. Its parameters correspond to the traditional (first generation) peacekeeping missions. Secondly, a peacekeeping operation by decision of the UN Security Council. Its deployment requires a mandate of the international community to endow the CSTO, which allows the implementation of multidimensional (second generation) peacekeeping operation by the forces of a regional organization. The third format of the CSTO peacekeeping operations is the participation of the CSTO in UN peacekeeping operations. The necessary legal framework is established by the recent Protocol on Amendments to the Agreement on the Peacekeeping Activities of the CSTO. The Organization is to endow one of the member states with the mandate to apply its multinational (consolidated) peacekeeping forces to the UN Peacekeeping Capability Readiness System. Thus applied CSTO peacekeeping forces can be involved in solving tasks during the UN peacekeeping operations under the CSTO flag. Based on the analysis of the legal framework for interaction between the United Nations and regional organizations in the field of peacekeeping, the author concludes that the potential for regional organizations to independently conduct multidimensional peacekeeping missions without direct violating state sovereignty or the UN Security Council mandate is significantly limited. The main opportunity for the collective use of the CSTO peacekeeping potential lies in its involvement in UN peacekeeping operations based on the approaches applied within the UN system to the organization of international peacekeeping activities.

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Steele, Robert David. "Peacekeeping Intelligence and Information Peacekeeping." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 19, no. 3 (June 2006): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850600600656475.

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Rzhevska, Nina F., and Andriy S. Moroz. "In search of effective scenarios for peacekeeping operations for UN and NATO." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S3 (October 22, 2021): 435–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns3.1541.

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Peacekeeping operations are considered to be one of the main tools for operating the conflicts, used by international community to renew and keep international peace and security. The practice of peacekeeping activities faced fundamental changes, influenced its aims and principles. That is why, the effectiveness of modern peacekeeping operations and operations for peace maintenance, as an answer to global challenges, need assessment and further explanations. The article aims to characterize peacekeeping activities, principles and assess methods of effectiveness; determine the main problems of peacekeeping mechanism functioning; identify optimal ways of the future peacekeeping operations of UN and NATO. This study proposes a complex systematization of present approaches, with the assessment of effectiveness both for peacekeeping operations and operations for maintenance of peace. The key moment is to develop optimal scenarios of peacekeeping missions. Practical importance of the research in based on its frameworks and conclusions that can be used as methodical recommendations in the work of international organizations that are regulating peacekeeping activities.

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Zwanenburg, Marten. "Double Standards in Peacekeeping? Subcontracting Peacekeeping and International Humanitarian Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 12, no. 4 (December 1999): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156599000382.

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Increasingly the UN is ‘subcontracting’ peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations. The ECOMOG intervention in Sierra Leone is an example. Some members of ECOMOG have been accused of violating international humanitarian law. These accusations have not been adequately addressed by ECOMOG nor by the UN. The limited attention paid to this problem by the UN in ‘subcontracted’ operations contrasts with increased concern with respect for international humanitarian law by forces under UN command and control. It is argued that the UN should ensure that ‘subcontracting’ does not lead to lowering standards of international humanitarian law.

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MacInnis, John A. "Peacekeeping and international humanitarian law." International Peacekeeping 3, no. 3 (September 1996): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533319608413625.

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Berdal, Mats. "Ten Years of International Peacekeeping." International Peacekeeping 10, no. 4 (December 2003): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533310308559344.

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James, Alan. "International Peacekeeping: The Disputants' View." Political Studies 38, no. 2 (June 1990): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1990.tb01489.x.

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Nikitin, Alexander. "RUSSIA'S PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING." Security Index: A Russian Journal on International Security 17, no. 3 (September 2011): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19934270.2011.588449.

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Diehl, Paul F., Daniel Druckman, and James Wall. "International Peacekeeping and Conflict Resolution." Journal of Conflict Resolution 42, no. 1 (February 1998): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002798042001002.

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Nanivska, Lidiia L., Susanna M. Pasichnyk, Tetiana M. Serhiienko, Oksana V. Shcherba, and Yurii M. Yakimets. "The Value of Future Officers’ Foreign Language Training for Participating in International Peacekeeping Operations." International Journal of Education and Information Technologies 16 (January 2, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9109.2022.16.1.

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The article deals with providing future officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations. The purpose was to analyze specifics of foreign language training for international peacekeeping operations. The content and essence of future officers’ foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations were studied. Further, the state of future officers’ foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations in higher military educational institutions of Ukraine was determined and consequent proposals for improving the content of future officers’ foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations were elaborated. The main research methods were as follows: comparative, problem-based and retrospective information analysis; testing of cadets, surveying the officers of the Armed Forces, enhancing the pronunciation and articulation of cadets. The results of cadet testing showed the need to improve the content of future officers’ foreign language training for participating in international peacekeeping operations. The survey of the officers serving with the Armed Forces of Ukraine confirmed the urgent need to provide foreign language training in higher military educational institutions of Ukraine. According to the results of various survey forms applied, the main ways to improve the content of the future officers’ foreign language training aimed at participating in international peacekeeping operations were identified: the use of open training platforms, the use of information and communication technologies, use of mind mapping, situational tasks, interactive technologies.

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Shamarov, Pavel V. "International peacekeeping and the UN criminal justice: Political and legal correlation and similarity." Izvestia of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Sociology. Politology 21, no. 3 (August 25, 2021): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2021-21-3-347-353.

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The article identifies and reveals objective political and legal correlations between international peacekeeping activities and international criminal justice, which allows positioning the latter as the final phase of the UN peacekeeping practice. The need to take into acco unt such correlation in domestic peacekeeping is substantiated on the basis of lobbying in the world for the perception of such practice of Russia from the angle of reconciliation of the conflicting parties; geopolitical obstacle to the implementation of any form of genocide; ensuring international peace and security. The need is substantiated to increase the international significance of our country using unconventional foreign policy approaches and technologies in the interests of systematically getting ahead of Russia’s geopolitical competitors in the international political, legal, and peacekeeping sphere.

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Huang, Chin-Hao. "From Strategic Adjustment to Normative Learning? Understanding China’s Peacekeeping Efforts in Africa." Journal of International Peacekeeping 17, no. 3-4 (2013): 248–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1704005.

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Over the last two decades, Chinese armed forces have been increasingly exposed to the global norms of UN peacekeeping, not least through expanded participation in international peacekeeping operations. As the largest Security Council permanent member troop contributor, more than four fifths of Chinese troops in UN peacekeeping operations are deployed in Africa. As such, China is increasingly in a position to strengthen peacekeeping operations, contribute to stability, security, and security sector reform in Africa, and expand its regional multilateral military cooperation, all of which raises the prospects for China to become more integrated in the international community and a responsible, and responsive, major power. Given these important developments and their implications for the future of peacekeeping in Africa, this paper seeks to: identify the key determinants that undergird China’s evolving foreign policy approach toward peacekeeping principles and praxis in Africa; ascertain the degree and trace the process in which increasing interactions between China, the African Union, and the broader international community have led Chinese policy elites to consider greater flexibility in their views toward sovereignty and the changing nature of peacekeeping; assess how a rising China may exert its influence through its expanding role in peacekeeping; and analyze the strategic implications of these security developments for Africa.

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Coleman, Katharina P., and Brian L. Job. "How Africa and China may shape UN peacekeeping beyond the liberal international order." International Affairs 97, no. 5 (September 2021): 1451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab113.

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Abstract UN peacekeeping became a flagship activity of the liberal international order (LIO) in the post-Cold War era, characterized by globalization, liberal norms and western leadership. Western states' diminished support for LIO UN peacekeeping has left it increasingly open to challenge, but significant changes are only likely if a strong group of states coalesces around an alternative model of UN peacekeeping. This article highlights African actors and China as well positioned to play pivotal roles in such a coalition. African states, who host the preponderance of UN missions and furnish almost half of the UN's uniformed peacekeepers, support globalized UN peacekeeping, show relatively weak support for the most liberal peacebuilding principles and assert the need for African-led solutions to continental crises. China's influence reflects its P5 status, financial and personnel contributions to UN peacekeeping and engagement with regional actors, notably in Africa. Aspiring to global leadership and a ‘new world order’, China endorses globalized UN peacekeeping but proposes a non-liberal (and non-western led) notion of ‘developmental peace’ to guide it. The complementarities between African and Chinese priorities raise the possibility of a profound challenge to LIO peacekeeping. Rather than heralding deglobalization, however, this challenge illustrates that post-LIO international institutions may instead be characterized by deliberalization and dewesternization.

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Langholtz, Harvey. "International Peacekeeping: the Yearbook of International Peace Operations." Military Law and the Law of War Review 46, no. 2 (December 2007): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2007.02.22.

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Torosian, Akop Oganesovich. "“Evolution of normative-legal aspects of UN peacekeeping activity and position of the Russian Federation with regards to this question”." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 4 (April 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.4.32439.

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This article examines the evolution of the normative-legal aspects of UN peacekeeping activity as one of the key phenomena of peacekeeping under the aegis of the United Nations. The author also analyzes the position of the Russian Federation on this question, since Russia is one of the major players on the international arena and active participant of peacekeeping activity within the UN system. Special attention is paid to the normative documents of the Russian Federation, which reflect a clear position of Russia on peacekeeping. Currently, peacekeeping plays an urgent role in world politics, helps to prevent escalation of multiple conflicts, despite the existence of problem clusters within the United Nations peacekeeping activity. Peackeeping also yielded great benefit to the international community; however, it needs changes and improvements to increase its effectiveness in regulation of drawn-out conflicts on the world arena.

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Makarova, Kseniya E. "UN peacekeeping in Mali: From peacekeeping to public diplomacy." Izvestia of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Sociology. Politology 21, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2021-21-1-102-109.

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The article is dedicated to analysis of current processes in Mali. The author examine efforts of Malian state, France, as former metropole, and state that include Mali in its traditional zone of influence, and the whole international community to de-escalate the conflict. Results of this particular research showed multiple layers of the conflict.

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White, Nigel D. "Peacekeeping Doctrine: An Autonomous Legal Order?" Nordic Journal of International Law 88, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 86–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-088010005.

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This article explores the legal bases of autonomy in peacekeeping and whether it has developed to such an extent that there are signs of a self-referential legal order governing peacekeeping, separate from other legal orders. Given that it will be shown that the principles governing peacekeeping are derived from general international law, there must be a presumption against there being a self-referential legal order, but the possibility that there has been a significant development of specific principles and rules will be explored. Moreover, this development may have occurred to such an extent that although the original source may remain in international law, a separate legal order has emerged. If the norms of that legal order no longer reflect the wider principles of international law then concerns revolve not only around fragmentation of international law but also around the continuing compatibility of peacekeeping with international law.

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Blackham, J. J. "Maritime peacekeeping." RUSI Journal 138, no. 4 (August 1993): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071849308445727.

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POPKO, Serhii. "PARTICIPATION OF SERVICEMEN OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE IN INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING AND SECURITY OPERATIONS (1992-2018)." Contemporary era 8 (2020): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2020-8-122-133.

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The paper retrospectively covers the peacekeeping activities of the servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the independence of Ukraine. The Ukrainian military's peacekeeping activities were authorized by the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "Pro uchast batalionu Zbroinykh Syl Ukrainy v Myrotvorchykh Sylakh Orhanizatsii Obiednanykh Natsii u zonakh konfliktiv na terytorii kolyshnoi Yuhoslavii" (1992). The author focused on the characteristics of peacekeeping activities of the Ukrainian military in the countries of the former Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Eastern Slavonia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia), on the African continent (Angola, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire), countries of the Middle East (Lebanon, Tajikistan, Kuwait, Iraq) and others. It is noted that servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) during peacekeeping operations mostly patrol areas of responsibility, engaged in the transportation of United Nations personnel, escort humanitarian cargos, control the ceasefire, and withdrawal of troops. International peacekeeping operations vary in duration (from several months to several years), funding, and the number of personnel involved. Usually, the results of Ukrainian peacekeepers were highly praised by the leadership of international security organizations. Participation of Ukrainian Armed Forces servicemen in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) programs, Partnership for Peace, international peacekeeping activities under the auspices of the United Nations, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) brings our country closer to NATO membership, contributes to strengthening its international prestige. Keywords: armed forces, NATO, peacekeeping operations, UN, Ukrainian contingent.

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Torosian, Akop Oganesovich. "The evolution of conceptual grounds of UN peacekeeping activity and position of the Russian Federation in this regard." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 5 (May 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.5.32635.

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This article reviews the UN peacekeeping activity as one of the key phenomena of the modern international relations, which carries the function of maintaining international peace and security. The evolution of UN peacemaking is explored. Special attention is turned to its new principles founded in the late XX – XXI centuries, reforms conducted in this area, as well as position of the Russian Federation pertinent to peacekeeping operations under the aegis of the United Nations. Methodology leans on the principles of historical reconstruction and comparative analysis. Currently, peacekeeping plays an important role in the world politics, significantly impacts the prevention of escalation of a large number of conflicts despite the fact that there still exist problematic hubs in the UN peacekeeping activity. Peacekeeping greatly benefited the international community since the moment of its emergence; however, it requires changes and reforms for the purpose of increasing its efficiency in settlement of the long-running conflicts.

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Toscano, Roberto. "Peacekeeping in the new international situation." International Spectator 28, no. 1 (January 1993): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729308457998.

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Dorussen, Han. "Peacekeeping Works, or Does It?" Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2014-0039.

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AbstractThere is a renewed scholarly interest in peacekeeping with quantitative, systematic empirical studies figuring prominently. Arguably, this recent work has gone some way to address two puzzles that have consistently surrounded debates on peacekeeping. The first puzzle is that reporting on peacekeeping and public opinion tend to be critical. Regardless, peacekeeping has become an important element of efforts by the international community to resolve conflict. The second puzzle of peacekeeping is the contrast between quantitative, comparative studies and case studies in their assessment of the effectiveness of peacekeeping. This survey shows that recent research provides general evidence supporting the importance of peacekeeping, but some serious concerns remain.

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Fowkes, James. "The Relationship between IHL and IHRL in Peacekeeping Operations: Articulating the Emerging AU Position." Journal of African Law 61, no. 1 (February 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855317000067.

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AbstractModern peacekeeping is increasingly expansive, and much of it occurs in Africa. The African Union's attitude to the challenges of regulating this modern peacekeeping is therefore an important source for the associated legal debates, but one that is often neglected (in part because the sources are limited and often in draft form). This article seeks to articulate and then critique the AU's emerging view on the application of international humanitarian law and international human rights law to peacekeeping activity and the relationship between the two bodies of law in this context. It argues that the AU's emerging position treats international humanitarian law as a narrowed lex specialis, only displacing international human rights law in relation to peacekeepers while they are actively engaged in armed conflict. Even this position, however, underestimates the extent to which the pervasive rights-based concerns in AU sources imply a still more pervasive application of international human rights law to its peacekeeping activities.

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Oleksiuk, N. M. "Principles of peacekeeping in NATO's legal framework." Актуальні проблеми політики, no. 65 (September 2, 2020): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32837/app.v0i65.320.

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The article deals with the issue on the principles of peacekeeping activities of NATO as the international organization maintaining the challenges of world's peace and order in particular regions. It puts a light on a divertive coherence of legal practice of international organizations, e.g. UN and NATO and scholar thoughts on given problem of identification and application of the principles of peacekeeping. It is noted that there is an academic debate regarding the number of principles between Lindsey Cameron, Dag Nystrom, Christine Gray, Lise Morje Howard, Hitoshi Nasu, Dieter Fleck, who offer so called "classic" approach on the one hand, and Yoram Dinstein and Osamu Youshida, who have an opposite opinion of their approach of outlining the principles of peacekeeping. The article emphasizes the main key ideas of given scholar views that are unified for each approach in general. The article analyses given academic approaches on the issue of research and outlines the list of the principles of peacekeeping, which are observed: (i) Consent of the parties; (ii) Impartiality; (iii) Non-use of force. Also article gives the definition and gives the explanation to each of them. It is explained the negative consequences in case of breaching given principles. The relevant examples of such in experience of peacekeeping activities are given. Examination of these principles is provided under the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice and legal practice of the UN, which is fundamentally primal to any kind of peacekeeping activities - of the UN or other international organizations. It is observed the relevant NATO's practice of peacekeeping and NATO's legal acts as well. It is pointed on the importance to follow these principles because of the provisions of the international customary law in general and the UN Charter in particular. The article concludes that the key idea of given principles of peacekeeping regarding the NATO is that that only on the grounds of their fulfilment could the Alliance reach its goals as well as goals of the UN Charter in most effective way without violating international law. It is stressed that given approach on the principles of the peacekeeping is quite certain enough because of subsequently evolution of NATO's legal framework in joint doctrines.

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Christensen, Maya Mynster. "Assembling UN Peacekeeping and Counterterrorism in Ghana." Contemporary Journal of African Studies 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/contjas.v9i1.7.

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Through the case of Ghana, this article proposes a link between international peacekeeping deployments and national processes of stabilisation. Based on fieldwork among soldiers and police officers, it explores how peacekeeping experiences are transferred and translated into security provision at home within the field of counterterrorism. Introducing the notion of the ‘peacekeeping-counterterrorism assemblage’ as an analytical lens for unpacking the co-production of external and internal security provision and, more specifically, the processes and practices through which international peacekeeping experiences become entangled with national counterterror policing, the article empirically unfolds the relational and societal impact of peacekeeping on domestic security. The exposure to the human consequences of warfare in peacekeeping missions, the article shows, has nurtured a profound awareness of keeping war at a distance, which may have a preventive effect on the policing of the threat of terrorism, as well as on the broader dynamics of domestic security and stability in Ghana

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Neethling ∗, Theo. "International peacekeeping trends: the significance of African contributions to African peacekeeping requirements." Politikon 31, no. 1 (May 2004): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589340410001690800.

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Zürcher, Christoph. "China as a peacekeeper—Past, present, and future." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 2 (June 2020): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020933647.

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Over the last 30 years, the People’s Republic of China (China) has evolved from a skeptic to a champion of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping. During that same period, UN peacekeeping has greatly changed. This paper traces how China has reacted to the various practical and doctrinal innovations of UN peacekeeping, such as the turn to more robust peacekeeping, the protection of civilians, the responsibility to protect, the call for better force protection as outlined in the Cruz report, and, finally, the Action for Peacekeeping initiative. The paper then discusses possible future developments of China’s role in UN peacekeeping. Given the increasing weight of China within the UN, it is likely that China will gradually become more involved in shaping peacekeeping concepts. Early signs can be seen in its approach to the role of human rights in peacekeeping and in its emerging conceptual understanding of peacebuilding.

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Biskupski-Mujanovic, Sandra. "Smart peacekeeping: Deploying Canadian women for a better peace?" International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 74, no. 3 (September 2019): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702019874791.

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Canada announced its renewed commitment to United Nations peacekeeping with a special mission to increase the representation of women through the Elsie Initiative. That announcement marks a crucial time to examine peacekeeping as a gendered project that requires reflection on power and inequality between states and peacekeepers through an intersectional analysis that pays attention to gender and race. The major justification for increasing the number of women in peacekeeping operations has remained instrumental: deploying more women will lead to kinder, gentler, less abusive, and more efficient missions. However, there is little empirical evidence to support these claims. This paper looks at Canadian peacekeeping and arguments for women’s increased representation in peacekeeping operations for improved operational effectiveness as a “smart” peacekeeping strategy. It looks at the contradictions and controversies in Canadian peacekeeping and gender and smart peacekeeping that includes the Women, Peace, and Security agenda in general and within Canada, operational effectiveness claims, militarized masculinity, and militarized femininity. Without qualitative empirical data from Canadian women peacekeepers themselves, smart peacekeeping claims, which “add women and stir,” are largely anecdotal and do not adequately facilitate meaningful change.

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Tishkov, S. A., and D. K. Labin. "Institutionalization of the UN Police Peacekeeping." MGIMO Review of International Relations 64, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-1-64-107--128.

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Article studies the strategic frame, organizational and operational aspects of UN peacekeeping missions police components activities to ensure sustaining peace.It is noted that at present the UN Police actively participates in UN peace operations acting as an integrated solution of issues of peace and security. Consideration is also given to the growing importance of the UN Police to international peace and security and the increased attention given to policing by the Security Council and the Secretary General.The UN police now engage in United Nations peace operations across the entire peace and security spectrum, from conflict prevention to peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Serving in the frame of UN interim administrations the UN Police acquired a unique experience of law enforcement and international cooperation on combating crime.It underscores the most recent global developments, including advances made in the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, to ensure coherence of effort and refine strategic police generation platforms.From the viewpoint of the structural and functional approach, the UN Police as a peacekeeping actor has not only specific functions and tasks, but also the potential, organizational structure, trained personnel needed to perform a wide range of tasks both at the stage of conflict prevention and post-conflict peacebuilding.The legal and organizational issues of UN Police involvement in peacekeeping activities are almost resolved. At present the UN Police component as an institutional subsystem represents an organizational structure that unites international policemen from various member states, which acts as a collective actor in UN peacekeeping.

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Howe, Brendan, Boris Kondoch, and Otto Spijkers. "Normative and Legal Challenges to un Peacekeeping Operations." Journal of International Peacekeeping 19, no. 1-2 (September 23, 2015): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-01902001.

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The application of law and norms in military operations is complex. This article provides an overview of legal and normative aspects in un peace operations. It will focus on key challenges to un peace operations. First, it will review un peacekeeping from the perspective of international law. After providing an overview of the legal framework of un peacekeeping and the application of human rights law, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law, the article turns to issues related to the accountability and immunity of un peacekeepers. The final section addresses normative concepts including the responsibility to protect, the protection of civilians, human security and their relevance in regard to un peacekeeping.

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Torosian, Akop. "Conceptual foundations of peacekeeping within the UN." Мировая политика, no. 4 (April 2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8671.2022.4.38437.

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The article discusses the key principles of United Nations peacekeeping. Based on the use of the mechanisms of the Charter of the United Nations, the evolution of the Organization's activities in the field of maintaining international peace and security from the concept of collective security to the modern practice of peacekeeping is shown. Using the example of key documents of the universal Organization and specific United Nations peacekeeping missions, the functioning of the principles of consent of the parties, impartiality and non-use of force, as well as their conceptual changes in the post-bipolar period, is analyzed. The conceptualization of the principles of UN peacekeeping reflects the processes of evolution of the system of international relations in the bipolar and post-bipolar period in general, and the UN in particular. The inability to implement the original ideas laid down in the UN Charter prompted States to develop flexible mechanisms for responding and adapting the Organization to current conditions and moving from the concept of collective security to modern peacekeeping practices; the key principles that laid the foundation for UN peacekeeping operations were gradually formed. Along with the above—mentioned principles — the consent of the parties, impartiality and non-use of force - there are also such fundamental components of the success of peacekeeping operations as general guidance from the founding body, that is, the UN Security Council, as well as the order of management and control over international peacekeeping forces that operate under the leadership of the UN Security Council, but are under the command of the Secretary General. a secretary who speaks on behalf of the UN and has political guidelines from the Security Council.

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Brosig, Malte. "The Emerging Peace and Security Regime in Africa: The Role of the EU." European Foreign Affairs Review 16, Issue 1 (February 1, 2011): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2011006.

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This article focuses on the role the European Union (EU) is playing in peacekeeping and conflict prevention in Africa. In this article, it is argued that the EU’s peacekeeping approach is not only shaped by the interests of European Member States or EU institutions to deploy and maintain peacekeepers but is responsive to an emerging African peace and security regime. The majority of peacekeeping operations on the continent build upon some kind of inter-organizational arrangements between the United Nations (UN), the EU, and the African Union (AU) or in some cases other regional African organizations. This article will show how the existing forms of inter-organizational interaction between international organizations (IOs) in Africa impact on the EU’s engagement in peace operations in the continent. This article demonstrates the EU’s role in the multi-actor game of peacekeeping in Africa and how the EU’s involvement in these emerging international cooperation structures influences its peacekeeping strategy for Africa.

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Drozd, Daria. "The participation of the Ukrainian Armed Forces in the peacekeeping operations." Міжнародні відносини, суспільні комунікації та регіональні студії, no. 2 (6) (October 31, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2524-2679-2019-02-05-16.

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The main historical and contemporary participation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in peacekeeping operations are described. The key notions of peacekeeping are defined showing this definition as the main rational tool for preventing and resolving disputes, threats, conflicts at the national, regional and global levels is the modern peacekeeping system. The main laws of Ukraine concerning peacekeeping operations are characterized with defining objectives for these operations.The attention is focused on the Ukraine’s participation in different international peacekeeping operations including 26 operations which ended and 8 ongoing operations. An important aspect of Ukraine’s participation in peacekeeping on the African continent is its coordinated actions with the United Nations on the diplomatic settlement of conflicts and the adherence to official statements regarding them.Peacekeeping missions are currently operating in Liberia, Congo, Sierra Leone, Sudan (Darfur and Juba) and other African countries. In particular, these are peacekeeping missions such as: the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), the UN Mission in Côte d’Ivoire (ONUCI), the African Union – United Nations Operation in Darfur (UNAUMID), the UN peacekeeping operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), demilitarization and peacekeeping in the disputed area of Abyei (UNISFA), the UN Mission in the Republic of Southern Sudan (UNMISS), UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSCA).Ukrainian peacekeeping potential is analysed. Participation of the armed forces of Ukraine in peacekeeping operations of the United Nations is one of the priority foreign policy tasks of our state, successful implementation of which positively influences strengthening of the national authority of Ukraine, promotes development of cooperation with Euro-Atlantic and regional security structures and has an exceptional significance for the national interests of our country. Ukraine claims to be a full-fledged subject of international relations, increases its credibility and demonstrates a peaceful policy.

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Nguyen, Athena M. "Sexual Exploitation and Abuse on Peacekeeping Operations." Journal of International Peacekeeping 19, no. 1-2 (September 23, 2015): 142–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-01902006.

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Allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse (sea) have been made against many United Nations (un) peacekeeping operations. Whilst it may be argued that the un should be held responsible for these violations, establishing the responsibility of the un under international law is not straight forward. This article will examine the extent to which the responsibility of the un can be established for sea on its peacekeeping operations. This article will begin by considering the status of the un as an international legal person and its legal rights and responsibilities. Then, the sources of law for the responsibility of international organisations will be discussed, including prohibitions against sea and the obligations that these prohibitions may create for the un. In particular, the Articles on the Responsibilities of International Organizations (ario) will be examined and the application of the ario to the case of sea on peacekeeping operations will be explored. It will be concluded that the international law in this area is far from settled and, hence, many challenges remain in being able to establish the un’s responsibility for acts of sea on its peacekeeping operations.

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Uddin, Md Kamal. "Human Rights Violations by un Peacekeepers." Security and Human Rights 25, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02501006.

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Peacekeeping Operation (pko) is significantly a worthwhile strategy for preservation and restoration of international peace and security. Promotion and protection of human rights in peacekeeping operations is a phenomenon and cannot be the only responsibility of the United Nations. However, as the most important actor of the international system, it has the primary responsibility to promote and protect human rights in peacekeeping operations because human rights issue has become very significant in the sense that unfortunately, in most cases, peacekeepers are involved in gross human rights violation in the course of operation that damage overall reputation of un. Hence, application and enforcement of international human rights law in peacekeeping operations are essential in order to shelter the civilian form attacks, torture, and other forms of human rights violations. This paper examines the un’s efforts to address human rights in pkos, and also targets to find out the actual scenario of human rights in pkos and proposes some policies.

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Schiel, Rebecca, Jonathan Powell, and Ursula Daxecker. "Peacekeeping Deployments and Mutinies in African Sending States." Foreign Policy Analysis 16, no. 3 (April 23, 2020): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fpa/oraa011.

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Abstract Research on host-country effects of peacekeeping deployments has highlighted destabilizing consequences for contributing states, suggesting that deployments can increase the willingness and ability of soldiers to mutiny or attempt coups. Yet others expect that peacekeeping contributions may bring a variety of benefits, including improved civilian control of the armed forces. We reconcile these conflicting assessments in two ways. First, we identify important differences across peacekeeping organizations. Missions undertaken by the United Nations (UN) are generally better funded and equipped, invoke selection criteria that should produce fewer grievances than missions operated by regional organizations, and may be more risk averse. The benefits or hazards of peacekeeping can thus vary substantially, leading to different consequences for organizations. Second, the pros and cons of peacekeeping can incentivize mutinies and coups differently. When grievances are present, financial incentives of peacekeeping may prompt soldiers to prefer mutiny over coups to avoid being disqualified from future participation. We assess these expectations for African states’ participation in UN and non-UN peacekeeping operations from 1990 to 2011. We find no evidence that UN peacekeeping deployments increase mutiny risk, while non-UN deployments have a positive effect on the occurrence of mutiny. These findings remain robust across a large number of model specifications.

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MADLALA-ROUTLEDGE, NOZIZWE, and SYBERT LIEBENBERG. "DEVELOPMENTAL PEACEKEEPING." African Security Review 13, no. 2 (January 2004): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2004.9627292.

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Journal articles on the topic 'International peacekeeping'

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