Dissertations / Theses: 'International operation'

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Colotla, Ian. "Operation and performance of international manufacturing networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426517.

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Therese, Marie Therese. "International sisterhood? : international women's organisations and co-operation in the interwar period." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498939.

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This thesis explores major trends at work in international women's organisations and co-operation between the First World War and the Second World War. It analyses the changing compositions and aims of the International Council of Women, the International Alliance of Women, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and the International Federation of University Women, and explores how far these shifts were demonstrated at their conferences and reflected in their journals. In particular it focuses on the experience of the women involved in these organisations, what "international sisterhood" meant to them (and there were differences in the ways that they interpreted this depending on factors relating to time and place), and, importantly, how notions of "sisterhood" were played out, and contested, within these organisations at this time. The first section establishes the historical framework and examines the evolution of these organisations in the interwar period. It places the development of these organisations within its broader context, in particular outlining the substructure of international Christian women's organisations formed earlier on which later developments were built. It then examines the unprecedented expansion of international women's organisations in the 1920s, and assesses the challenges experienced by them during the troubled 1930s. The second section is thematic, exploring themes of education, travel and regionalisation. It first highlights the significance of higher education for women's international co-operation in the interwar period and the role of the IFUW in particular. It then evaluates the importance of international travel for the expansion of international women's organisations, drawing attention to the changing function of travel during the first half of the twentieth century. Finally it addresses the increased regionalisation that had emerged by the end of the 1930s, comparing and contrasting the involvement of especially non-western women in, and their experience of, regional and international organisations.

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Benali, Tayebi. "The evolution of international law on peaceful co-operation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238995.

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Hughes, N. C. "Spanish international development co-operation : a policy network approach." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274955.

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Shakir, Farah. "The Iraqi Federation : origin, operation and significance." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/47838/.

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The study is about federalism in Iraq. It examines Iraq as a federation not just as a post-conflict state, as much of the existing literature does. The thesis investigates the origin and formation of the Iraqi federation, as one of the new federal models, and analyses how the process of formation impacts on the operation of the Iraqi federal system. It argues that both the process of formation of the federal state and its operation are of crucial theoretical and empirical significance. The originality of this thesis lies in the fact that it is the first study to link this new federal model to classic federal theory as regards the origins and formation of federations, focusing on the new approach in the formation of federations and the deficiency of classic federal theory in general to explain the origins and formation of the new federal models of which Iraq is the most recent. This thesis considers the different approaches that have been taken by various theorists in the past and in particular bargain theory as put forward by William H. Riker. I argue that although in some respects Riker’s bargain theory can be applied to the formation of the Iraqi federation, in others it is deficient to explain it completely. New literature designed to expose the need to revise the classic federal theory, and the bargain theory in light of formation of the new federal models has only just begun to emerge. Therefore, this thesis contributes to the scholarship by updating and refining classic federal theory in general and the bargain theory in particular. Moreover, by drawing on elite interviews with contemporary political players in Iraq this thesis adds to our understanding of how one of the newest federal states operates in a practical sense. It concludes by looking at the empirical significance of the Iraqi federal model in the context of some comparative perspectives.

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Theron, Jenny. "The commodification and commercialisation of peace operations and security co-operations : a case study of Operation Rachel /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2505.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
Peace operations and security co-operations are expensive. Even though there are a variety of factors that influences peace agents when they consider approving a new, expanding an existing, or closing down a peace operation or security co-operation, one of these factors is the cost factor. If we were to isolate the cost factor it would follow that a reduction in the cost of peace operations and security co-operations, are likely to contribute to peace agents being more willing to approve new, expand existing or to give existing missions more time to consolidate before closing them down. There are a variety of ways how the cost of peace operations or security co-operations can be lowered. This thesis suggests an alliance with the private sector in the form of corporate sponsorships. In short, that peace operations and security co-operations be commodified and commercialised. This would entail introducing corporate sponsorship of some of the commodities that are used in peace operations and security co-operations, followed by the corporate sponsor using their involvement in the peace operation or security co-operation to their commercial advantage. The commodification and commercialisation of peace operations and security co-operations should result in the relevant operations and co-operations benefiting in a cost-effective as well as practical effectiveness sense, whereas the private sponsor should benefit in either or both a financial (profit) or an image-making sense. The psychological theory supporting such an argument is that of social identity theory. This theory explains how positive connotations made with peacemaking in warlike conditions will motivate industries to use this opportunity to show that their products can succeed in such demanding circumstances. Accordingly, social identity theory provides us with evidence as to how the commercialisation and commodification of peace operations and security co-operations can succeed. We also support our argument by providing a case study, Operation Rachel, which serves as a successful example of an operation that was (partially) commodified and commercialised. Operation Rachel, which can be seen as either or both a peace operation and security co-operation, shows that in the case of security co-operations, these operations should be presented as peace operations during the commodification and commercialisation processes.

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Grouskay, Michael. "The State Response to the Discovery of a Peacetime Covert Operation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1588.

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This paper provides a theoretical model of the state response to the discovery of a peacetime covert operation. Building upon Stephen Krasner's theory of Westphalian sovereignty, the argument is presented that the direct and covert application of force constitutes a violation of national sovereignty. Taking the state's monopoly on control and authority to be the basis of national sovereignty, this paper shows that states will respond most substantively to the discovery of a covert operation when authority is challenged.

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Zissimos, Ben. "Issues of international tax and trade policy conflict and co-operation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2665/.

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Chapter 2, titled "Hotelling Tax Competition" shows how competition among governments for mobile firms can bring about excessive differentiation in levels of taxation and public good provision. Hotelling's Principle of Minimum Differentiation is applied in the context of tax competition and shown to be invalid. Instead, when an equilibrium exists, differentiation of public good provision is maximized. Non-existence of equilibrium, which is possible, is a metaphor for intense tax competition. The chapter also shows that, to some extent, perfect tax discrimination presents a solution to the existence problem created by Hotelling tax competition, but that the efficiency problem of Hotelling tax competition is exacerbated. Chapter 3 shows how the institutional rules imposed on its signatories by the GATT created a strategic incentive for countries to liberalize gradually. Ree trade can never be achieved when punishment for deviation from a trade agreement is limited to a 'withdrawal of equivalent concessions' , the most severe form of punishment allowed (Article XXVIII). Retaliation is not allowed to entail higher tariffs than those set by the initial deviant. If, in addition, tariff bindings (Article 11) limit an initial deviation from an agreement in a similar way, then efficient self-enforcing tariff reductions must proceed in a series of steps or 'rounds'. Chapter 4 provides an answer to the question "Why are trade agreements regional? " It argues that free trade agreements (FTAs) are regional because, in their absence, optimal tariffs are higher against (close) regional partners than (distant) countries outside the region. Optimal tariffs shift rents from foreign firms to domestic citizens. Lower transport costs imply higher rents and therefore higher tariffs. So regional FTAs have a higher payoff than non-regional FTAs. Therefore, only regional FTAs may yield positive gains when sponsoring an FTA is costly. To analyze equilibrium, standard theory of non-cooperative networks is extended to allow for asymmetric players. Naive best response dynamics show that 'trade blocks can be stepping blocks' for free trade.

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Koberwein, Manuela de Franca Doria Farrajota Luciano. "The principle of co-operation in the law of international watercourses." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444161/.

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In international law, co-operation is a general concept applied in a variety of contexts. In the context of the law of international watercourses, the general obligation to co-operate and the procedural rules it comprises have a crucial role to play in the implementation of the substantive principles of equitable and reasonable utilisation and of diligent prevention of transboundary harm. The problems lie in the identification of the scope of the obligation, its specific content, legal status and application. The principal objective pursued in this thesis is to present a detailed examination of the nature, scope, specific content, application, and consequences of non-compliance with the obligation to co-operate in the particular context of the law of international watercourses, in order to contribute to the clarification of this vague but fundamental principle. To illustrate how the theories relating to the obligation to co-operate on international watercourses can be translated into concrete acts, several examples are provided, including planned works in a basin State such as dams. Due to the variety and the nature of the issues involved in the context of international watercourses, an interdisciplinary approach was adopted between law and geography. This approach permits the sharing of insights and information, and a better understanding of several technical questions presented to the international lawyer when dealing with international watercourses. The thesis finally presents conclusions regarding the evolution and consolidation of the principle of co-operation, and assesses the feasibility of constructing and securing wider acceptance for a model of co-operation and the potential utility of such a model.

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Nara, Takako. "The roles of regional organisations in international peace and security in the post-modern era : the case of the Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe with the former Soviet Union Republic States." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5660.

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The thesis analyses the systems, dynamics and conditions of international cooperation/non-cooperation in the international community that is embodied through international/regional institutions and organisations. As Robert Cooper describes, the international community consists of the three worlds in which the differences between them may be confrontational in international cooperation. While the post-modern civilisation and values are introduced into the institutions and organisations for international peace and security, the state actors from the pre-modern and modern civilisations and values are vigorously defending the traditional version of state sovereignty. Then, all these are equally the member of the international community and, as Robert Axelrod's Prisoner Dilemma game sets, neither state actors nor structural actors of international relations can escape from it. Therefore, it is hoped that, as Axelrod's theory suggests, the closed community, in the end, produces cooperation and a positive peace for a better future for all. In the case studies, the OSCE faces a number of non-cooperative state actors, like Russia. An anti-OSCE civilisation exists and is resisting the organisational values, while it is staying in the framework. Thus, the organisation is suffering from defectors and free-riders. Knowing the limitation of the organisation, it still has a space for improvement and a useful function which is to provide a long term process to make a non-cooperate actor cooperative.

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Medcalf, Jennifer. "Going global or going nowhere? NATO's role in contemporary international security." Oxford Bern Berlin Bruxelles Frankfurt, M. New York, NY Wien Lang, 2002. http://d-nb.info/990413101/04.

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Encinas-Valenzuela, Jesus Ernesto. "Mexican foreign policy and UN peacekeeping operation s in the 21st century." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2502.

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On December 1, 2000 a new administration took over the presidency of MeÌ xico. This event was especially anticipated because the new president, Vicente Fox, was coming from a different party than the PRI, the old official party. The arrival of President Fox brought important changes in the way of governing; with the moral obligation to be different, since the beginning of his administration one of the main goals was incline to pursue a more dynamic participation by Mexico in the political issues of the world. This was to be accomplished by taking up several measures that included enhancing economic trade with the United States and other nations, world summits in Mexico, improvement of human rights and others. Among those plans one attracted special attention when Mexico asked for a seat as a non-permanent member in the UN Security Council for the period 2002-2003 the third time in Mexican history. There were divided opinions on the subject because Mexico would be directly involved in UN decisions concerning internal situations of other countries, something that goes against the foreign policy principles of MeÌ xico. Eventually this discussion opened doors for other topics; one of them was the possibility of Mexico participating actively in peacekeeping operations by sending troops overseas; this initiated a biter debate in the political sphere. This study analyzes Mexican Foreign Policy and the historical perspective of the foreign principles stated in the Mexican Constitution[alpha]s article 89, followed by a discussion of their influence and interpretation in the politicalmilitary environment before and during the administration of President Fox. The study includes the analysis includes the new social and political scenario that MeÌ xico is facing in order to determine the odds and obstacles when dealing with military participation overseas. As MeÌ xico takes its place in the community of nations, the country[alpha]s leadership needs to search for possible options and test whether the new Mexican political apparatus has the flexibility to address current threats and requirements for international security. An analysis on the capabilities of the Mexican Armed Forces is also necessary in order to determine their capacity to execute multinational operations. Finally bring out the real benefits and/or risks from getting Mexico involved in these kinds of operations are identified.

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Deus, Delfim de 1942. "Civil aviation in SADCC countries : a new type of co-operation?" Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61244.

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The 1st of April, 1980 is a landmark date for the peoples of Southern Africa, for the SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION CONFERENCE--SADCC--came into being on that day in Lusaka. At first sight, SADCC would seem to be an organization like others scattered all over the African continent and aiming at common development. However, although it can be compared with others in terms of objectives and organisation, new elements have emerged since its inception: modest short-term objectives, and ambitious long-term ones; a light organizational structure, and a commitment of the Governments involved to achieve the goals.
One can ask what the trends in Civil Aviation are, given this background. This thesis presents a study not with the aim to fully respond to the question above, but to identify the path followed by Civil Aviation as a component of the integrated development sought by SADCC countries. For this purpose, special attention will be paid to the SOUTHERN AFRICA TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION--SATCC.

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Al-Mannai, Ali Abdulla Isa. "The effects of the regional groupings on the intra-regional trade flows : the case of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC)." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297715.

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Saikawa, Takashi [Verfasser], and Madeleine [Akademischer Betreuer] Herren-Oesch. "From Intellectual Co-operation to International Cultural Exchange: Japan and China in the International Committee on Intellectual Co-operation of the League of Nations, 1922-1939 / Takashi Saikawa ; Betreuer: Madeleine Herren-Oesch." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180610695/34.

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Boillat, Emilie. "International Mediation The Role of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe /." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05600531001/$FILE/05600531001.pdf.

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Küpper, Herbert. "Structures of Japanese and German International Legal Co-operation With Formerly Socialist Countries Compared." Center for Asian Legal Exchange (CALE), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20101.

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Burns, Joe 1966. "On selection and operation of an international interim storage facility for spent nuclear fuel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16642.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Disposal of post-irradiation fuel from nuclear reactors has been an issue for the nuclear industry for many years. Most countries currently have no long-term disposal strategy in place. Therefore, the concept of an intermediate nuclear spent fuel storage facility has been introduced as a method of temporarily storing the spent fuel in a central location until long-term disposal of the spent nuclear fuel is made available. General criteria that can be used to compare potential international sites for an intermediate nuclear spent fuel storage facility have been identified and elucidated. Those criteria were then utilized to compare four potential international intermediate nuclear spent fuel storage facility (IINSFSF) sites. Two of the sites are in Russia (one in the area of the old nuclear city of Krasnoyarsk-26 currently known as Zheleznogorsk and one on Sakhalin Island in the area of the town of Kholmsk), one is in China (in the area of the town of Xilinhot in the Nei Mongol province) and one in Australia (in the area of the city of Meekatharra in Western Australia). Safety and safeguard regulations for nuclear facilities were reviewed and appropriate portions that could be applied to a potential IINSFSF are recommended. An analysis was conducted to determine legal issues pertinent to an IINSFSF and a brief, limited overview of the most important legal issues is presented. The effects that nuclear fuels subjected to higher burnups (than practiced now) will have on dry cask storage was examined and recommendations for storage strategies are proposed.
(cont.) The selected criteria involve the areas of Geological Suitability, Seismic Stability, Land Area Suitability, Site Infrastructure Suitability, Transportation Infrastructure Suitability, Meteorological Suitability, Willingness of the Host Nation and Population Density. Application of the criteria to the suggested sites revealed that Krasnoyarsk - 26 is the best alternative. This is mainly due to the willingness of the host nation of Russia to accept this type of facility. Krasnoyarsk - 26 also rates as the best site with respect to the criteria of geological suitability and seismic suitability. Without consideration for the willingness of the host nation, Meekatharra would be the ideal site. Xilinhot was evaluated as the third best alternative followed by the Sakhalin Island site of Kholmsk. The legal issue that would be of most concern to an IINSFSF would be potential liability. It would be best if the host nation were a signatory of an international treaty limiting the liability of the IINSFSF operator. Of the two major international nuclear liability treaties in existence the one preferable is the Paris Convention. Economics are driving nuclear power plants in the United States to look to implement more highly enriched fuels to achieve higher burnupsHow these higher burnup spent fuels will affect dry cask storage of spent fuels at reactor sites should be examined. To determine this, the decay heat output of higher burnup spent fuels was compared to the storage capacity of a typical dry cask storage system ...
by Joe Burns.
S.M.

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Ohanyan, Anna Hermann Margaret G. "Winning global policies the network-based operation of microfinance NGOs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1996--2002 /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Chen, Wei-Hwa. "An analysis of western international relations theory and international co-operation in the Asia-Pacific, with special reference to ASEAN and Taiwan." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109584/.

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In different ways both academics and politicians are asking similar questions about the future of the Asia-Pacific: Does it still make sense to talk of narchy” and egemony” a time when co-operative systems are developing? What are the implications in any such trends led by a group of small states, especially those of ASEAN if these are stable states with complementary assets and interests and legitimate governments committed to economic development? International relations theory, especially in the security field, is built on a narrower empirical foundation. Some of the traditional theories (realism) make a universal claim that power is both the means and end of international politics. Others address questions relevant only to the Great Powers. Other theory, such as neo-liberalism, argues that International co-operation, meaning co-ordinated and joint initiatives between actors, has the potential to provide a new basis for international security. To illustrate the range of security and economic interactions in the Asia-Pacific region, this thesis examines the causal influence of the various interactions between economics and security in the region in general, and on ASEAN and Taiwan cooperation in particular. This thesis therefore seeks to highlight some of the important issues concerning international co-operation between weak states in a debate of both theoretical and practical significance. Furthermore, expanding the case of ASEAN-Taiwan cooperation in the Asia-Pacific context helps to provide an analysis of the independent and dependent variables, and allows for greater generalisability of results. However, since mid-1997, the ASEAN system in Southeast Asia, which used to be characterised as the most co-operative and highly developed regional system and was very valuable for theory-building and testing, has become less certain as the Asian economic crisis has weakened its spirit of co-operation. Does it signal the impractical concept of egional solutions to regional problems”? Or does it mark the beginning of egional awareness” that draws regional states together? The answer still depends heavily on the policies and initiatives of major individual players in international co-operation.

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Alshaikh, Abdullatif A. "Saudi Arabia and its Gulf Co-operation Council neighbours : a study in international boundary management." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1605/.

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Plasse-Couture, Francois-Xavier. "Israeli warring foreign policy and the writing of identity: the case of Operation Cast Lead." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104859.

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The purpose of the present thesis is to investigate how socially embeddedinterpretations of Israeli identity influence Israel's warring foreign policy towardsPalestinians and conversely, how this warring foreign policy contributes tosecuring and stabilizing the underlying identity narratives of the dominant Israelinational identity. Based on an interpretative Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)framework which adopts a Foucauldian conceptualization of discourse as socialpractice, this thesis argues that today's dominant Israeli discourse of identityprovides the interpretative framework for enabling and legitimizing the formulationof a warring foreign policy. It further contends that this formulation is pivotal tothe cultural governance of the Israeli state by reproducing the dominant Israelipolitical identity and dismissing alternative Israeli and Jewish subjectivities. Thecase under study is the 2008 Gaza War, bearing the Israeli code name OperationCast Lead. Borrowing from a CDA maxim which insists that analysis should bemultimodal, this thesis takes the “aesthetic turn” and provides a reading of theIsraeli film Waltz with Bashir (2008), showing how this popular cultural productionmay provide alternative critical discursive narratives about the Self and the Other,that may offer a challenge to war-as-policy.
L'objectif du présent mémoire est de questionner comment des interprétations socialement construites de l'identité Israélienne influence la politique étrangère guerrière d'Israël envers ses voisins Palestiniens, et inversement, comment cettedernière contribue à sécuriser et stabiliser les tropes et le narratif identitaire sousjacent. À l'aide d'un modèle épistémologique interprétatif que fournit l'Analyse Critique du Discours et qui adopte une conceptualisation Foucaldienne du discours comme pratique sociale, la thèse tu présent mémoire est que le discours identitaire Israélien actuel fournit le cadre interprétatif pour rendre possible et légitimer laformulation d'une politique étrangère guerrière et que cette dernière est un outil central pour la gouvernance culturelle the l'État Israélien afin de reproduire le discours identitaire dominant et rabattre des discours identitaires alternatifs et contestataires. À ces fins, le cas sous étude est la Guerre de Gaza (2008), aussi appeler sous le nom de code Israélien de Operation Cast Lead. En tenant compte de l'aspect multimodal de la CDA, ce mémoire prend le Aesthetic turn et fournit une lecture du film Israélien Valse avec Bashir (2008) pour démontrer comment ce produit culturel populaire peut offrir un discours identitaire critique à propos du Soiet de l'Autre ainsi qu'offrir un discours critique quant à la formulation de la politique étrangère guerrière.

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Levermore, Roger John. "The European Union/South Africa Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement : decision-making, participation and perceived economic impacts." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/391.

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The European Union-South Africa Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (EU/SA TDCA), signed in October 1999, is viewed by some in South Africa as not only one of the most important trade and development agreements entered into by the 'new' South African goverrunent, but also a significant agreement for setting precedents for other bi-lateral trade and development pacts between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states. This thesis considers two major issues related to the EU/SA TDCA. First, it describes and evaluates the structures that supported the South African side of the TDCA decision-making process. Second, it discusses the potential economic impact of the agreement on South Africa and part of southern African. Prior to the election of the 'new' South African government in 1994, the majority of South Africa's population was excluded - both in terms of access to decision-making structures and from economic prosperity. By exploring the TDCA, the thesis provides a window through wl-dch to examine contemporary access to decision-making processes in South Africa and the likelihood of the TDCA promoting economic prosperity for sections of southern African society, particularly the 'traditionally excluded'. Interviews with key actors who helped formulate the TDCA provide information that enabled the evaluation of the TDCA decision-making process and highlighted potential economic 'winners' and 'losers'. Interviewing representatives of the South African wine and textile sectors provided an opportunity to examine in more detail the likely impact of the agreement and decision-making processes, associated to the TDCA, within South Africa. The results indicate that an overriding message of this thesis is one of complexity. The description of the structures that underpinned the EU/SA TDCA portrayed complex relationships between decision-making 'actors'. In evaluating the inclusivity of the policy formulation process, there was a lack of consensus over who had been included or excluded. Likewise, the identification of potential economic 'winners' and 'losers' proved to be somewhat problematic.

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Duraiappah, Anantha K. "Global warming and economic development : a holistic approach to international policy co-operation and co-ordination /." Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Academic Publ, 1993. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0818/92047021-d.html.

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Al-Alayan, Abdulaziz Abdullah Saleh. "International co-operation to deal with drug trafficking : an assessment and its application to Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314520.

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Sangar, Kanshko. "Russia and the international struggle around Afghanistan, 2001-2012 : competition and co-operation in historical perspective." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10052118/.

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This PhD thesis makes numerous original contributions to the sphere of knowledge on the topic of Russian foreign policy in Central Asia and Afghanistan, and this is achieved by its research questions, framework, methodology and approach, structure and main findings. It is the first and only study that attempts to examine in sequence Russia’s relations on Afghanistan with a group of states in 2001-2012 in a historical and geopolitical context as well as Russia’s role and interests in Afghanistan from early 19th century until Taliban and post-Taliban periods. The thesis is guided by following research questions: (a) why, from Russia’s perspective, has Afghanistan historically been significant in Russia’s struggle against its adversaries, and why is this central when researching these issues; (b) what are Russia’s main interests in 21st century Afghanistan, a country bordering its “backyard” and “underbelly,” the strategically-important Central Asia; (c) what are the specifics of Russia’s relations with key players in Afghanistan, and to what extent has Russia succeeded in defending its national interests in Afghanistan and the wider region?; and, (d) how can Russia’s involvement in Afghanistan and its ties with all major regional powers explain Russian’s broader foreign policy approaches since 2001? The study’s main finding is that Russia’s relations with key players and other countries in their dealings with Afghanistan frequently go against the wider relationship with these countries. This is due to a number of significant motives that are explored in this thesis. Firstly, while Central Asian dominance played a crucial role in Russia’s self-perception as a “Great Power” throughout the history examined in this study the construct of Afghanistan as a buffer zone and as a region to pressure Russia’s Central Asian “soft underbelly” is deeply entrenched in Russia’s geopolitical culture and strategic-thinking. Thus, the history of Russia’s engagement with the West plays an integral role in Moscow’s foreign policy articulations vis-à-vis Afghanistan and major regional geo-political actors. In the 21st-century, in addition to becoming a source of a security threats, Afghanistan became critical for Moscow because it was of great significance to Russia’s “Great Power” identity, to Moscow’s approaches to the strategically-important “near abroad,” and to the country’s domestic socio-economic policies due to increasing use of illicit drugs emanating from Afghanistan. Furthermore, the landlocked country became a critical factor in Moscow’s relationship with all other geo-political players in Eurasia, predominantly the United States but also China, India, Pakistan, Iran and the five Central Asian states. In a detailed and in-depth empirical investigation of Russia’s bilateral and multilateral relationships not only with Afghanistan itself but also with the other active players in Afghanistan this study also demonstrates that Russia is a declining “Great Power” in terms of its influence in the region; this thesis also contends that Russia’s foreign policy did not follow a strategy between 2001 and 2012 – it was situational and tactically driven and Russia did not plan a neo-imperial expansion since Putin’s rise. Finally, this study concludes that Russia often trumpets (Pokazukha) its foreign policy, creating the illusion of a “Greatpowerness.” Indeed, on the regional level, Russian foreign policies were situational and Moscow's initiatives would focus on issues and problems that the Kremlin found beneficial at that particular moment. The Russian authorities, in other words, would be occupied with issues that were beneficial from a PR and political technology perspective, e.g. demonstrating to the Russian people that Moscow is a significant regional player and impressing Russia’s rivals and enemies - if there were no such component, Moscow would simply ignore the matter and consequently avoid involvement.

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Tüselmann, H.-J., Frank McDonald, and R. Thorpe. "The emerging approach to employee relations in German overseas affiliates: A role model for international operation?" Elsevier, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2594.

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In light of current changes in the German industrial relations¿ landscape and the wider and deeper integration of German multinationals into the world economy, this study investigates the relative importance of the country-of-origin effect in employee relations of German affiliates in an Anglo-American setting. The paper addresses important issues that relate to the wider international business domain. The comparative analysis to US affiliates in the UK and British owned firms points to a distinctively German flavored hybrid approach that integrates the best practice elements of the US model with the collective orientation of the German model. This bears a resemblance to an emerging trend in the parent companies¿ home locations. The intra-German analysis revealed that affiliates of multinationals that face pressures for international integration are at the forefront of this development. The findings suggest that this might provide a suitable model of international operation for multinationals from strongly institutionalized countries.

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Aslam, Muhammad Wali. "Operation Iraqi Freedom : the United States and the idea of 'great power responsibility' in international society." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/199/.

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This thesis is a normative analysis of the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 (codenamed Operation Iraqi Freedom). It examines whether Operation Iraqi Freedom could be described as a responsible action by the United States, acting as a great power. The normative perspective and its attendant framework are based on the theoretical approach propounded by the English School of International Relations. The basis of this non-native framework is rooted in the pluralist conception of the English School. The pluralist wing of the English School emphasises the importance of international order and declares that the great powers have a responsibility to protect this order. The threat posed to international order by Iraqi weapons of mass destruction was cited by the Administration of US President George W Bush as the main reason for invading Iraq. The action makes the pluralist conception a logical starting point from which to analyse this act. Therefore, the normative framework of this thesis states that, although a great power has a responsibility to act in order to counter a threat to international order, it has an obligation to act according to certain norms. The normative framework established in this thesis points to three obligations of great powers, relating to the norms of legality, legitimacy and prudence. Addressing the issue of legality is the first step this thesis takes towards assessing Operation Iraqi Freedom as a responsible action. From this perspective, the thesis argues that it is not possible to define the American-led invasion of Iraq as a legal act. However, in a situation in which a great power may not be able to act according to legal norms, given a consensus regarding an overwhelming threat to international order, this power would have a moral responsibility to act. Such an action may not fall within the commonly accepted norms of law but the presence of consensus would give legitimacy to this great power's actions. Hence, examining Operation Iraqi Freedom from the viewpoint of legitimacy emerges as the second step by which this thesis evaluates it as a responsible action. The analysis from this perspective reveals that, through the perspective of legitimacy, it is not possible to declare the American invasion of Iraq as a responsible action by a great power. Though a great power has a responsibility to act legally and legitimately, in the case of a clear threat to international order, this power may not think it in the common interest to wait for legal and diplomatic processes to take their course. In such a situation, a great power may choose to act - but under the obligation to act prudently. The third step employed by this thesis is thus to analyse and discuss whether Operation Iraqi Freedom could be described as a prudent action. The examination of the invasion from this perspective determines that it is not possible to class the American invasion of Iraq as a responsible action according to the principles of prudence. Hence this thesis affirms that Operation Iraqi Freedom could not be described as a responsible action according to the normative criteria outlined above. In the run-up to the invasion and in its initiation, the United States did not fulfil the three obligations (relating to legality, legitimacy and prudence) necessary for a great power to fulfil while combating a threat to international order. Thus, seen from the pluralist perspective of the English School, this thesis argues that Operation Iraqi Freedom was an irresponsible action by the US acting as a great power.

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Granroth, Emanuel. "COIN vs DynCorp International : Hur har nyttjandet av DynCorp International påverkat Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan genom sin medverkan i utbildningen av Afghan National Police?" Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-825.

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2001 störtades ett antal flygplan in i World Trade Center och Pentagon i USA, detta genomfördes av organisationen al-Qaeda med Usama Bin Laden som ledare. Påföljden av detta blev att USA inledde sitt krig mot terrorismen. Skådeplatsen för detta blev Afghanistan som sedan tidigare har varit krigshärjat av Sovjet på 80-talet. 2003 vann DynCorp sitt första kontrakt kopplat till Afghan NationalPolice, detta innebar att de ansvarade för att utbilda poliser som skulle arbeta på lägre nivåer. Då Tyskland ansvarade för utbildning av poliser på nivåerna commissioned och non-commissioned. Frågeställningen som är kopplad till denna uppsats är huruvida DynCorps aktivitet haft någon påtaglig effekt på upprorsbekämpningen som bedrivs genom Operation Enduring Freedom? Författarens slutsatser pekar på ett antal faktorer som DynCorp kan ha haft viss medverkan i, och härleder dessa till teorin kring begreppet Counter Insurgency. Dock kan författaren inte utan tvekan påvisa att det finns direkta och tydliga kopplingar till DynCorp i de avseenden då Operation Enduring Freedom har blivit lidande av hur poliserna i Afghan National Police har agerat.

2001 the World Trade Centers were destroyed and Pentagon was damaged when a number of airplanes where deliberately crashed in to these buildings, this was carried out by the Al-Qaeda with Osama Bin Laden as their leader. The consequence of this was that the U.S. launched its war on terror. The already war torn country of Afghanistan became the target for the U.S. invasion. In 2003 DynCorp won its first contract linked to the Afghan National Police, this meant that they were responsible for training police officers who would work at lower levels. Since Germany was responsible for the training of police officers at the levels of Commissioned and Non-Commissioned. Questions which are linked to this essay are whether DynCorp’s activity had any effect on the insurgency fighting conducted throughout Operation Enduring Freedom? The author's findings point to a number of factors that DynCorp may have had some involvement, and derive them to the theory around the concept COIN. However, the author can not clearly demonstrate that there is direct and clear links to DynCorp, in the ways in which Operation Enduring Freedom has suffered from the actions taken from policemen in the Afghan National Police.

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30

Khan, Ausma Zehanat. "The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, an analysis of the legal basis for its operation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ26335.pdf.

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31

Liška, Radek. "International agile teams in digital and virtual environment." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359367.

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The thesis discusses research on a selected international team that incorporates agile methodology framework. The team is distributed among multiple European states and has off-shore members in India. The research questions include cross-cultural aspects of teamwork, organizational viewpoint as well as other key areas of team cooperation. Analysis is performed based on questionnaire distribution and a series of structured interviews with members of the researched team. Research findings include a list of recommended changes to team organization and evaluation of cross-cultural and factors of cooperation and their impact. Research has provided an action plan and a set of research observations that include deep analysis of teamwork, the area has proven to be attractive for further research, hence the thesis is concluded with suggestions in this area.

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32

Morton, Nicola. "Parks that cross the borderline : transnational co-operation in Southern Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51868.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this era of globalisation, the world is becoming more economically, politically and ecologically interdependent, that is, there is a growing mutual vulnerability between actors. The conditions of growing interdependence produce specific challenging circumstances for the achievement of particular goals, -includinq that of sustainable development. The Southern African context holds further obstacles to such development, which include poverty, inequality, a history of racial conflict and colonialism, and a regional economy on the semi-periphery of the global economy. It is my assertion that it is in the mutual self-interest of states and other stakeholders (e.g. communities) to approach this dilemma through transnational co-operation under the ethical umbrella of sustainable development. Thus this thesis seeks to discover to what extent the construction of Transborder Conservation Areas (TBCAs), relatively large areas which straddle the borders between two or more countries and cover natural systems incorporating one or more protected areas, can meet the criteria of sustainable development, given these conditions. The three primary criteria used for measuring sustainable development are community-based development; close linkages between the environment and development; and co-operation on all levels. The Kgalagadi TBCA, formally recognised on the 7th of April 1999 between South Africa and Botswana, serves as the case study. The conceptual framework used for the analysis is a theory of cooperation, as it applies to the field of International Relations. The key concepts employed here are those of interdependence, co-operation, sustainable development and institutionalisation. The research centers around three key issues: If sustainable development is the way forward for Southern Africa, do TBCAs reflect and fulfill the criteria as set forth by sustainable development? What does the experience of TBCAs in Southern Africa tell us about co-operation, recognising that TBCAs can only succeed if it has a sound base in the awareness and engagement of people? And, how best can decision-makers go about establishing TBCAs? Ultimately the thesis is a call to Southern African countries to embrace this new form of utilising the environment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie era van globalisering is die wêreld besig om ekonomies, polities en ekologies meer interafhanklik te word, met ander woorde, daar is 'n toenemende wedersydse kwesbaarheid tussen akteurs. Toenemende interafhanklikheid produseer spesifieke uitdagings ten opsigte van die bereiking van sekere doelwitte, insluitend volgehoue ontwikkeling. Daar is besondere hindernisse op die weg na volgehoue ontwikkeling in Suidelike Afrika, is byvoorbeeld armoede, ongelykheid, en verlede gekenmerk deur rassekonflik en kolonialisme, asook en regionale ekonomie op die semi-periferie van die globale ekonomie. Dit is in die wedersydse belang van state en ander betrokke partye (bv. gemeenskappe) om hierdie dilemma te benader deur middel van transnasionale samewerking onder die etiese sambreel van volgehoue ontwikkeling. Hierdie tesis probeer vasstel tot watter mate die skep van Transnasionale Bewaringsgbiede, of sogenaamde "Vredesparke" (Transborder Conservation Areas = TBCAs), d.w.s. relatiewe groot areas aan weerskante van die grens(-e) tussen twee of meer lance en wat natuurlike stelsels dek wat ten minste een beskermde gebied inkorporeer, kan voldoen aan die kriteria vir volgehoue ontwikkeling, gegewe die bogenoemde konteks. Die drie primêre kriteria wat gebruik word om volgehoue ontwikkeling te meet is gemeenskapsgebaseerde ontwikkeling; die hegtheid van die verhouding tussen die omgewing en ontwikkeling; en samewerking op alle vlakke. Die Kgalagadi TBCA, amptelik op 7 April 1999 tussen Suid-Afrika en Botswana erken, dien as die gevallestudie. Die konseptueie raamwerk wat gebruik word in die analise is 'n teorie van samewerking, soos dit van toepassing is op die veld van Internasionale Betrekkinge. Die sleutelkonsepte wat gebruik word is interafhanklikheid, samewerking, volgehoue ontwikkeling en institusionalisering. Die navorsing sentreer rondom drie sleutelkwessies: lndien volgehoue ontwikkeling die weg vorentoe vir Suidelike Afrika is, weerspiëel en voldoen TBCAs aan die vereistes van volgehoue ontwikkeling? Wat kan ons wys raak oor samewerking na aanleiding van ons ervaring van TBCAs in Suidelike Afrika, gegewe dat TBCAs slegs kan slaag indien dit gefundeer is op gemeenskapsbewustheid- en deelname? Laastens, wat is die beste manier waarvolgens besluitnemers TBCAs kan vestig? Ten slotte is hierdie studie 'n beroep op die besluitnemers In Suidelike Afrika om hierdie nuwe wyse waarop die omgewing benut kan word, te ondersteun.

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33

Gidey, Maereg Gebregziabher. "The co-operation regime of the international criminal court: the obligation of states to arrest and surender." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3278.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The study attempts to identify the concrete mechanisms inherent in the co-operation regime of the ICC in relation to the arrest and surrender of suspects. By doing so, it attempts to contribute to a better understanding of the procedural mechanisms pertinent to the question of arrest and surrender, thereby augmenting the emerging body of international literature focusing on this issue. Moreover, by examining real cases will identify practical deviations and suggests measures that need to be considered to remedy the problem. It is important that the procedures are clarified and followed properly. Otherwise, the ICC will lose credibility internationally, thus undermining the purpose of its creation, which was to combat impunity and to contribute towards achieving justice, peace and well being worldwide.

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34

Yamato, Yoko, and 大和洋子. "Education in the market place: a comparison of Hong Kong's international schools and their modes of operation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31962695.

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35

Yamato, Yoko. "Education in the market place : a comparison of Hong Kong's international schools and their modes of operation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23436712.

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36

Leso, Malesela William. "Economic Diplomacy through International Tourism Co-operation : the Case of South Africa and China, 2009 to 2017." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63876.

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This mini-dissertation examines the nexus between international co-operation in tourism and economic diplomacy through the lens of modern diplomatic practice. In this 21st century, characterised by globalisation, economic diplomacy is emerging as one of the ubiquitous mode of modern diplomatic practice in both the developed and developing nations. It takes many forms, such as negotiation of bilateral and multilateral trade regimes, establishing foreign economic relations, nation branding, attraction of foreign direct investment and promoting international tourism to pursue national development imperatives. This mini-dissertation focuses on one function of economic diplomacy, that of international co-operation in the field of tourism. This is a case study research design based on literature review, analysing the nature and character of the evolving economic diplomacy practiced through tourism co-operation between South Africa and China. The literature review indicates that there is an abundance of analysis on the significance, nature and conduct of economic diplomacy between South Africa and China and that economic diplomacy is central to their growing diplomatic ties since 2009. However, there is lack of understanding of tourism’s role in South Africa’s economic diplomacy architecture, meaning the exact role of tourism co-operation in advancing economic diplomacy remains undocumented in the mainstream literature discussing South Africa’s evolving economic diplomacy agenda. This lacuna has motivated this study and its findings will contribute to the body of knowledge on the evolving nature of modern diplomatic practice. This mini-dissertation investigates the extent to which economic diplomacy practiced through tourism co-operation advanced economic diplomacy between South Africa and China from 2009 to 2017. The nature of economic diplomacy practiced by South Africa through international tourism co-operation postulated in this mini-dissertation includes mainly four pillars: 1. Negotiation, signing and implementation of tourism co-operation agreements; 2. Representation of South Africa’s tourism interests in China; 3. Country branding and positioning to increase inbound tourism arrivals; and 4. Building business relations through tour operators to promote tourism. The four pillars constitute the central tenets of analysis in this study, with the key finding being that co-operation in tourism is emerging as a major constituent of the burgeoning economic diplomacy between South Africa and China. The report recommends a more focused research agenda on this theme of tourism co-operation in diplomacy studies and provides policy recommendations on how South Africa can strategically use this form of co-operation as an effective instrument of economic diplomacy.
Mini Dissertation (MA Diplomatic Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
National Department of Tourism
Political Sciences
MA Diplomatic Studies
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37

Combrink, Quintin. "Operation Cast Lead: ex post review as a mechanism for compliance with proportionality in international humanitarian law""""""""." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4688.

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38

Wang, Wei Cheng. "Analysis and strategic advice for the operation of multinational enterprises in mainland China market." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636578.

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39

Kredel, Nicolas [Verfasser]. "Operation "Enduring Freedom" and the Fragmentation of International Legal Culture. : Comparing US Common Law and Civil Law Perspectives on the International Use of Force. / Nicolas Kredel." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1238351743/34.

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40

Malm, Anders. "Nationell handlingsfrihet : en begreppsanalys." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-207.

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Försvarsmaktens slutrapport från perspektivplaneringen 2007 innehåller ett avsnitt vilket avhandlar strategiskt samarbete med andra stater. Flera områden, vilka berör Försvarsmaktens operativa förmåga, identifieras som lämpliga för samarbete med de nordiska länderna. I detta sammanhang uttrycker Försvarsmakten ett bibehållande av nationell strategisk handlingsfrihet trots att uppbyggnaden av den operativa förmågan föreslås delas mellan olika länder. Uppsatsens problem och syfte tar sitt avstamp i ovan beskrivna sammanhang. Detta sker genom att undersöka vad begreppet handlingsfrihet kan sägas betyda när det uttrycks i sammanhang av mellanstatligt samarbete. Resultatet av begreppsanalysen visar att handlingsfrihet i den aktuella kontexten innefattar en för aktören inre kamp kring mål och medel samt en kamp mot de begränsningar traditioner och lagar ger. Vidare innehåller begreppet en yttre kamp syftande till att optimera åtgärder för att undersöka motståndarens intention

The Armed Forces’ final report from the perspective planning in 2007 contains a section which deals with strategic cooperation with other states. Several areas, which affect the Armed Forces operational capability, are identified as suitable for collaboration with the Nordic countries. In this context, the Armed Forces express maintenance of national strategic freedom of action, while building the operational capacity would be allocated between different countries. The essay’s problem and objective takes its starting point in the context described above. This is done by examining what freedom of action can be said to mean when it is expressed in the context of intergovernmental cooperation. The result of the conceptual analysis shows that freedom of action in the current context includes an internal struggle about means and ends, and a struggle against the limitations provided by traditions and laws. The result also makes the notion of an external struggle that is aimed at optimizing measures to investigate the opponent's intentions.

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41

Boutilier, Beverly Carleton University Dissertation History. "Educating for peace and co-operation: the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in Canada, 1919-1929." Ottawa, 1988.

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42

Zupi, Marco. "International financing for development co-operation : on the linkages between foreign capital inflows and development in poor countries /." Roskilde : Department of Social Sciences, Roskilde University, 2002. http://rubdoc.ruc.dk/epublisher/document.asp?func=view&id=127.

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43

Chen, Wang-ting, and 陳婉婷. "International Class Exhibition Hall Operation and Development Strategy." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96509816507307239106.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
100
Externally and internally, the “site” has long been an important issue in the exhibition industry development process. The researcher finds in practical experience of exhibition industry service that critical to exhibition success are site location, exhibition site area, number of stand, relevant hardware facility and surrounding facility (e.g. food and beverage and hotel). The issues of our national exhibition hall per se in urgent need of overcoming are deficiency of site scale and functionality and tourist hotel room insufficiency and at a high price. Therefore, the study plans to understand the international exhibition industry development status quo and the problems facing our national exhibition industry, and besides explores use satisfaction of exhibition firms with relevant internal and external environment and facility of new and old exhibition hall by which to make improvement suggestions for new and old exhibition hall. Finally, by reference to the Asian model exhibition country, the study makes suggestions for prospective exhibition hall extension scheme of our national government. The research conclusions find that the issues of our national exhibition industry in urgent need of overcoming are surrounding business function immaturity of our national exhibition hall, exhibition site area, government support and aviation convenience. A suggestion made by the researcher for World Trade Exhibition Hall is that improving relevant software and hardware facility and exhibition site generatrix planning shall be given preference. Another one for Nangang Exhibition Hall is to head forward enhancement of exhibition hall per se and the overall standard of external environment. An exhibition hall, new or old, shall pay attention to toilet number and traffic congestion. In other words, as for equipment, attention shall be paid to exhibition hall obsolescence, parking lot deficiency and toilet number insufficiency, and as for management, attention shall be paid to exhibition hall traffic congestion and air pollution. By reference to the Asian model exhibition country, the study suggests that prospective extension exhibition hall scheme of our national government shall pay attention to obsolescence and attractiveness of exhibition hall appearance in internal environment and facility, and take diverse and diversified restaurant selections and fusion of a local diet culture feature restaurant in Taiwan as selection foundation of an exhibition hall restaurant. n addition, a barrier free space index shall be clear. In external environment, elementary conditions of an international class exhibition hall are excellent traffic convenience and mature surrounding business environment.

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Chang, Tsung-Pen, and 張聰本. "INTERNATIONAL POOLING PURCHASING OF MULTINATIONAL CHAIN-OPERATION RETAILERS." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85089256736323308829.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
91
Internationalization of the marketplace, global competition, and changes in the business environment has contributed to the increase in international purchasing. During the past decade, the Taiwan retail industry has become more globalized. The multinational chain-operation retailers have become the most important players in Taiwan retail industry. As soon as retailers reach their economic scale, international purchasing has emerged as a critical component of their corporate strategy, aimed at reducing costs, raising product quality, increasing differentiation and competitive leverage. To pursue a sustainable competitive advantage, multinational chain-operation retailers implement international pooling purchasing by using their economic scale advantage and global resources. This article explores the drivers of international pooling purchasing, how the drivers affect the activities and product categories of international pooling purchasing, and its benefits gained by multinational chain-operation retailers by means of a brief literature review and a survey of international purchasing managers. The findings of this article are as the followings: 1.The major globalization drivers of international pooling purchasing for multinational chain-operation retailers are cost, competitive, and market drivers. 2. Every activities and product categories of the international pooling purchasing have different needs for global integration and local responsiveness. 3.The major benefits of international pooling purchasing for multinational chain-operation retailers are cost reduction by increasing the negotiation power, increased competitive leverage, access to more initiative and differential products, and meeting customer needs and enhancing customer preference.

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LEE, FANG CHUNG, and 李方中. "Present Operation Principles and Practices of International Water Law." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88265453015202851655.

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Chen, Deng-Yu, and 陳登佑. "Operation performance evaluation for international tourist hotels in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pcp65e.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
運輸科學系
104
After the 2008 financial crisis with Taiwan's industry and rise of China and Korea, so that Taiwan's technology industry can not compete with other Asian countries. Over the last few year the Taiwan current salary level is stagnated. The government strives to promote innovative and policy to attract tourists from China. Hope to change Taiwan economic. The study foucus on operation performance evaluation for international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Two forms are Chain hotels and independent hotels. However we use two different performance evaluation models. The first one is Luenberger profit productivity index, the second is Nerlovian iefficiency index analysis to measures the performance of fifty-four tourist hotels in Taiwan from 2008 to 2011. The empirical results indicate that the technologies iefficiency is the key by hotels affects the productivity change and Nerlovian iefficiency index. Obivously, the results tell us the chain hotels operation performance is better than independent hotels. According to Luenberger profit productivity index found the technologies iefficiency is the key to operation performance.

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Lee, Tay-Hsin, and 李泰興. "Current operation and development strategies for Taiwan international ports." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2s45gf.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
102
Followed by the change of Taiwan’s economic structure, and the rise of mainland China’s ports, Taiwan ports face keen competition. It needs to consider how to adopt suitable strategies to overcome various challenges. Taiwan International Ports Corporation (TIPC) has been established since March 1, 2012. It has endeavoured its efforts to adjust its internal operational system and organization structures, and gradually focuses on business extension plans. This study collects relevant information and undertakes literature review in order to summarize the core issues of TIPC’s challenge at present stage. The core issues include: enhancement of cargo sources; improvement of operational environment; improvement of port facilities; key issues of port management and operations, future development strategies; cooperation model with shipping industries; diversification strategies; and suggestions to government policy. It then explores these issues through interview. Seven international shipping companies with their high level officials are interviewed. Based on the result of the above interview, this study provides the following suggestions for reference: (1) Port management and operation issues: to solicit more cargo sources, to meet customers’ demand, to strengthen its international marketing ability; to run international logistics businesses, to upgrade cruise businesses; to enhance it personnel training and education as well as research and development; to improve operational environment; to upgrade information support system; to coordinate with internal and external resources; to advance port facilities, etc. (2) Government coordination issues: to re-start cross-strait shipping negotiation; to clearly define the functions and responsibilities of TIPC and Maritime and Port Authorities. (3) Port logistics issues: to develop multi-country cargo consolidation businesses; to provide information platform.

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Hung, Chen Wu, and 陳武宏. "A Study on Operation Performance of World Major International Airlines." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68634073880619968846.

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碩士
國防管理學院
後勤管理研究所
90
The purpose of this paper is to propose a two-stage evaluation model for assessing the operation performance of a sample of 32 international airlines over 1998-2000 and making performance comparisons between Taiwanese airlines and other countries’ airlines, using data envelopment analysis (DEA). In the first stage, five inputs (operating expenditures, labor, number of flight, seat-kilometers available, and cargo-ton kilometers) and four outputs (number of passengers, seat-kilometers, cargo-kilometers, operation revenue) were used for overall operation performance measure. In the second stage, productive and selling efficiencies of these airlines were examined. To sharpen our analysis, we used various DEA models and regression analysis. The non-controlled (NCN) model was used to deal with the uncontrollable output of number of passengers; the assurance region (AR) model was employed to take into account of imposing weights restrictions on the inputs and outputs variable; cross efficiency measure is utilized to identify the best performance airline; Malmquist Index was employed to examine the productivity growth of these airlines; finally, regression analysis is used to investigate the impacts of business characteristics on the operation performance. The results of this study show that (1) Iran Air (1998) achieved overall efficiency under the AR model; 18 airlines were rated overall efficiency under NCN model; (2) under the AR model, in general, 4 sample airlines experienced increasing returns to scale, 1 sample airlines experienced constant returns to scale and other 68 sample airlines experienced decreasing returns to scale; (3) the airline that achieved high productive efficiency does not mean it would achieve high selling efficiency; (4) airlines perfored well in different regions are: Delta Airlines and American Airlines in America, Iran Air in Asia, Ryan air in Europe; (5) Eva was the best performance among international airlines; (6) the productivity growth of these airlines over 1998-2000 was increasing; and (7) business characteristics have low impacts on airlines operation performance.

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49

Lee, I.-Ping, and 李翊萍. "CHINESE TOURISTS AND OPERATION EFFICIENCY OF TAIWANESE INTERNATIONAL TOURIST HOTEL." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94639948966225979461.

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碩士
銘傳大學
國際企業學系碩士班
103
With the prosperous of Taiwan''s tourism industry, the international tourist hotels (ITHs) expand rapidly and increase the competiveness of hotels. The purpose of this study is to analysis the operation efficiency of the 57 International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan from 2009 to 2012 by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Besides, we also adopt TOBIT regression model to investigate the effect of environment factors on hotel efficiency. The factors include Chinese Tourist/Total Tourists, Room Price, Employee Productivity, Age, and Location. The empirical results can offer insight for the manger to improve their operation performance in the competitive environment. The empirical results indicate that the “Chinese Tourist/Total Tourists”, “Employee Productivity” and “Location” are positively to ITHs operation performance. The “Average Room Price” is negatively to ITHs operation performance.

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50

Yang, Chen-Ta, and 楊承達. "Evaluating the operation efficiency of major international airport with DEA." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45666913039940712943.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
94
We could understand every airport’s individual developments and operational advantages by comparing and evaluating the data of airports in every different zones. Therefore, we use suitable efficiency indexes to evaluate operational performance of airport across area. In this research, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and TOPSIS are used to evaluate the efficiencies of twenty four international airports in the world, including Hong Kong, Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas/FT Worth, Los Angeles, London, Frankfurt, Paris, Tokyo, New York, Amsterdam, Seoul, Denver, Miami, Las Vegas, Singapore, Newark, Bangkok, Taipei, Shanghai, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Madrid and Beijing. The result of study reveals the following： 1.The average operation performance of CCR of the Taipei Chiang Kai-Shek airport ranks the 6th with efficiency value 0.833282084；The operation performance of TOPSIS of the Taipei Chiang Kai-Shek airport ranks the 6th with efficiency value 0.91033344. 2.CCR and TOPSIS are employed to analyze and rank the efficiencies in 2004 of main international airports . It is revealed that the most efficient airports are Hong Kong and Peijing airports and the least efficient airports are Amsterdam and Denver airports respectively.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International operation'

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