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1

Kerich, Henry. "Analysis of the Impact of International Monetary Fund Programs on Economic Performance of Kenya." Journal of Management Research 8, no. 2 (April 16, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v8i2.9248.

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<p>Like most other countries in developing countries, Kenya faces economic challenges as it tries to stabilize its balance of payments, reduce external debts and curb high unemployment rates. Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) are defined as economic programs mainly set for developing countries supported by the Bretton Woods institutions since the beginning of 1980s. As a result of prolonged balance of payments deficits, high unemployment rates and high debts, brought about by poor economic performance, the country has turned to International Monetary Fund for credit assistance. This research sought to examine if there was a relationship between structural adjustment programs and economic performance in Kenya. The results in this study revealed a significant correlation between IMF structural adjustment programs and economic performance in Kenya. The findings showed that the three dependent variables analyzed notably, balance of payments, debts, and unemployment showed a strong correlation with IMF structural adjustment programs.</p>
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2

Curry, Robert L. "Africa and the International Monetary Fund: papers presented at a symposium held in Nairobi, Kenya, May 13–15, 1985 edited by Gerald K. Helleiner Washington, D.C., International Monetary Fund, 1986. Pp. xi+277. $10·00 paperback." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010259.

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3

Mingst, Karen A. "Inter-organizational politics: the World Bank and the African Development Bank." Review of International Studies 13, no. 4 (October 1987): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011352x.

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The undisputed proliferation of international organizations has been interpreted in several ways by members of the scholarly community. Probably most see the explosion in numbers and kinds of actors as a peripheral development; in the realist and neo-realist tradition, the primacy of the state and the state system remains largely unaffected. Others are sceptical of what the trend means and so have developed research agendas examining more closely international organization influence on states and impact on issues. Yet few international relations scholars have paid attention to what this proliferation means for relations among various organizations and its effects on states. However, with so many of these organizations involved in economic development activities, it is very likely that these organizations willingly and sometimes unwittingly encounter each other particularly in Third World countries. Rumours abound of IGOs and NGOs ‘stumbling over each other’ in the capitals of Sahelian countries vying for the attention of too few government officials, leading to negative impacts on policy. In Indo-China, Gordenker finds ‘increasing friction and clogging’ from the rapid expansion of United Nations High Commission for Refugees activities, as they intersect with the International Red Cross, Unicef, and private voluntary organizations. Yet not all interaction is conflictual. Nongovernmental aid agencies in Thailand co-operate closely, as do the International Monetary Fund and World Bank in Kenya.
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4

Odionye, Joseph, and Jude Chukwu. "The asymmetric effects of currency devaluation in selected sub-Saharan Africa." Ekonomski anali 66, no. 230 (2021): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2130135o.

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Economic activities in many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have weakened markedly in the last few years, with deterioration in trade balances, increasing foreign reserve depletion, and exchange rate depreciation. This situation has led to a call by the International Monetary Fund for more flexible exchange rate adjustment and even currency devaluation to reverse the economic downturn. This call for devaluation has generated controversy among economists and policymakers in these countries and has revived the need to study the effects of devaluation on economic output in SSA countries. This study therefore examines the asymmetric effects of currency devaluation as a policy shift on economic output between 1980 and 2019 in six selected SSA countries, namely Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Malawi. The study employs the smooth transition regression (STR) model to determine the relative asymmetric responses of economic output to devaluation and nondevaluation regimes. The results of STR are mixed, as devaluation asymmetrically impacts positively and significantly on economic output in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique, but is insignificant in the case of Nigeria and Malawi. This mixed result suggests that the impact of currency devaluation on economic output differs across countries depending on the structure and size of the economy, the nature of goods produced, and the supportive policies in place, among other things. The policy implication of the findings is that policymakers in various countries should understand the peculiarity of core macroeconomic variables in order to design and implement robust policies.
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5

Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha, Noemia, Jinshuo Li, Eliud Kibuchi, Zahidul Quayyum, Penelope Phillips-Howard, Abdul Awal, Md Imran Hossain Mithu, et al. "Economics of healthcare access in low-income and middle-income countries: a protocol for a scoping review of the economic impacts of seeking healthcare on slum-dwellers compared with other city residents." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e045441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045441.

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IntroductionPeople living in slums face several challenges to access healthcare. Scarce and low-quality public health facilities are common problems in these communities. Costs and prevalence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) have also been reported as high in studies conducted in slums in developing countries and those suffering from chronic conditions and the poorest households seem to be more vulnerable to financial hardship. The COVID-19 pandemic may be aggravating the economic impact on the extremely vulnerable population living in slums due to the long-term consequences of the disease. The objective of this review is to report the economic impact of seeking healthcare on slum-dwellers in terms of costs and CHE. We will compare the economic impact on slum-dwellers with other city residents.Methods and analysisThis scoping review adopts the framework suggested by Arksey and O’Malley. The review is part of the accountability and responsiveness of slum-dwellers (ARISE) research consortium, which aims to enhance accountability to improve the health and well-being of marginalised populations living in slums in India, Bangladesh, Sierra Leone and Kenya. Costs of accessing healthcare will be updated to 2020 prices using the inflation rates reported by the International Monetary Fund. Costs will be presented in International Dollars by using purchase power parity. The prevalence of CHE will also be reported.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for scoping reviews. We will disseminate our results alongside the events organised by the ARISE consortium and international conferences. The final manuscript will be submitted to an open-access international journal. Registration number at the Research Registry: reviewregistry947.
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6

Chung, Janne O. Y., and Carolyn A. Windsor. "Empowerment Through Knowledge of Accounting and Related Disciplines: Participatory Action Research in an African Village." Behavioral Research in Accounting 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-10149.

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ABSTRACT Accounting scholars are challenged to discover ways to facilitate a broader engagement with the oppressed and poor toward a more just and fair world. This paper reports an interaction between an accounting educator and disadvantaged Kenyan villagers in an exploratory attempt to expand the reach of critical accounting research from the confines of academia to practice. In Africa, the end of colonialism left widespread poverty that was exacerbated by illiteracy and ignorance. At the same time, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) required newly independent African states to implement neo-liberal-inspired policies that weakened state social governance. This, in turn, led to the growth of religious and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) whose policies aimed to fill the gaps in government social services that alleviate inequities. Ignorance enslaves, but knowledge—including knowledge of accounting and financial systems—will empower the poor to evaluate the motives, desirability, and achievements of governmental and NGO services and programs introduced to ease poverty. The specific aim of this modest, grassroots intervention was to share financial knowledge with members of a church in Bungoma, a poor region in Northwestern Kenya. This participatory action research (PAR) intervention was carefully implemented to respect the values and culture of the village participants, and avoided Western values and praxis to maintain the villagers' status quo. Instead, the accounting educator introduced empathetic learning by relating accounting principles to the Christian values of the villagers. The paper concludes with a discussion on the outcomes and limitations of this intervention.
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7

Yiranbon, Ethel, Lu Lin Zhou, Henry Asante Antwi, and Numir Nisar. "The Impact of Privatisation of Healthcare Equipment and Technology SOEs on Productivity in Africa." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 26 (October 2016): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.26.195.

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Upon the attainment of independence many African countries emerged with a new spirit of entrepreneurial governance and domestic industrialization. However with time, most of the state owned enterprises (SOEs) set up have been privatized largely because of mismanagement, huge deficits and operational inefficiencies created by many factors. In all material moments, the objective of divesture of SOEs was to stimulate efficiency, productivity and relieve the state of the huge financial burden they bring. Our study examines the methods of privatization of healthcare technology and equipment SOEs in Africa and their impact on post-divestiture productivity based on cases from Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya.We simultaneously collect and model privatization data from International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank relating to Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya. These were data submitted to the IMF and World Bank as part of the measures to implement the different forms of economic recovery and structural adjustment programs in the respective countries. Our empirical strategy follows the broader literature in estimating reduced form equations for firm performance as a function of ownership, while trying to account for potential problems of heterogeneity (observed and unobserved) and simultaneity bias. We note the insider/employee shareholding accounted for only 23.6 percent of privatization of healthcare equipments and technology manufacturing enterprises on average while mass privatization program accounts for 18.2 percent of the privatization mode. We note that each of these methods yield positive post divestiture labour productivity. However privatization of healthcare equipment and technology manufacturing enterprises by block sale to outside investors generated the highest form of labour productivity.
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8

Officer, Lawrence H. "The International Monetary Fund." Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science 37, no. 4 (1990): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1173770.

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9

Lee, Simon. "The International Monetary Fund." New Political Economy 7, no. 2 (July 2002): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563460220138880.

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10

SCHUMACHER, E. F., and T. BALOCH. "AN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 6, no. 6 (May 1, 2009): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1944.mp6006001.x.

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11

Buckley, Ross P. "Reforming the International Monetary Fund." Global Policy 3, no. 1 (December 14, 2011): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00105.x.

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12

Peña Neira, Sergio. "25. International Monetary Fund (IMF)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs048.

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13

Argyropoulou, Venetia. "25. International Monetary Fund (IMF)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 29 (January 1, 2018): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvz043.

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14

Hoover, Steven. "International Monetary Fund Publications2009112International Monetary Fund Publications. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund Last visited December 2008. Gratis URL: www.imf.org/external/pubind.htm." Reference Reviews 23, no. 3 (March 27, 2009): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120910945146.

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15

Ayee, Joseph R. A. "Swaziland and the International Monetary Fund." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 24, no. 1 (1991): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1991-1-52.

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16

Galushkin, Alexander, Anatoly Olimpiev, Dmitry Pashentsev, and Vladislav Ponamorenko. "International Monetary Fund in historical perspective." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2019, no. 12_3 (December 1, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii201912statyi55.

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17

CHUGUNOV, Igor, and Galyna KUCHER. "Finance of the International Monetary Fund." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 121, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2022(121)07.

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Introduction. The institutional transformationof the IMF is aimed at ensuring global financial stability. This requires a study of changes in approaches and mechanisms for the formation and use of financial assets and indicators that determine the effectiveness and efficiency of its activities. Problem. The institutional development of the IMF requires adequate resources and improvement of the internal system of financial relations, mechanisms of accumulation and redistribution of financial and credit flows.Understanding the features and consequences of such transformations is important for the development of both the global financial system as a whole and individual sovereign countries, the stability of which has long depended on cooperation with the IMF. The aim of the article is aimed at identifying the content and impact of improving the functioning of the IMF’s finances to ensure the stability of the global financial system. Methods. To reveal the peculiarities of the formation and use of financial resources, the systematic method is used, while scientific abstraction and generalization are used to deter­mine the financial architecture, and methods of analysis and synthesis are used to analyse the IMF financial performance. Results. The development of the global financial environment effects the IMF financial architecture and performance. Indicators of accu­mulation and use of own and borrowed funds are studied.The IMF financial performance for 2019–2020 is estimated. The role of the IMF in ensuring the stability of the world’s financial system is revealed. Conclusion. The institutional development of the IMF is aimed at ensuring the stability of the global financial system and meeting the needs of the world community for resources. Improving the IMF’s financial management reflects thestrengthening of its financial and credit capacity by increasing the member countries’quotas, using gold reserves and borrowing, optimizing costs, and ensuring the efficiencyfunctioning.
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18

Salazar-Carrillo, Jorge, and Thomas Scheetz. "Peru and the International Monetary Fund." Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 3 (August 1987): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515617.

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19

Miller, Rory. "Peru and the International Monetary Fund." International Affairs 63, no. 2 (1987): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3025523.

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20

Marková, Jana. "International Monetary Fund - Steps to Reform." Český finanční a účetní časopis 2012, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.8.

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21

Ugarteche, Oscar, and Thomas Scheetz. "Peru and the International Monetary Fund." Bulletin of Latin American Research 6, no. 1 (1987): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3338377.

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22

Stuckler, David, Sanjay Basu, and Martin McKee. "International Monetary Fund and Aid Displacement." International Journal of Health Services 41, no. 1 (January 2011): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hs.41.1.e.

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23

Medhora, Rohinton. "Bypasses to the International Monetary Fund." Transnational Legal Theory 10, no. 3-4 (September 19, 2019): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20414005.2019.1666634.

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24

Sinha, Manisha. "Re-imagining the International Monetary Fund." South Asian Survey 21, no. 1-2 (March 2014): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971523115592523.

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25

Oduor, Julius Wesonga, Consolata Ngala, Reuben Ruto, and Umulkher Ali Abdillahi. "Effect of Inflation On Growth of Manufacturing Sector in Kenya (2008-2017)." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, July 20, 2021, 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2021/v21i1030428.

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Aim: This study sought to address the effect of inflation on the growth of the manufacturing sector in Kenya. Research design: The study used descriptive, correlational, and inferential research designs. The study used secondary data, specifically, from the World Bank, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Central Bank of Kenya (CBK), and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) for the period 2008-2017. Methodology: Time series data were analyzed quarterly using EViews software. The study employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Pre-test analysis entailed Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests for unit root, Bai-Perron Multiple Breakpoint tests, and Bounds Cointegration tests. The post-test analysis included the Breusch-Godfrey tests for autocorrelation, the Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey tests for heteroscedasticity, Variance Inflation Factors (VIF) tests for multicollinearity, Jarque-Bera statistics tests for normality, and CUSUM tests for model stability. Results: The regression model estimates for inflation were (-0.19269, p<0.05). The results imply that holding other factors constant, a unit increase in inflation reduces manufacturing value-added by 0.19269 units. Conclusion: Inflation has a statistically and significant negative effect on the growth of the manufacturing sector in Kenya. To achieve manufacturing value-added growth, the study recommends that the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) should have inflation targets and adopt appropriate monetary policies to monitor fluctuating inflation rates. Furthermore, the CBK should keep lending interest rates as low as possible so that manufacturers incur less on acquiring credit from commercial banks and ultimately produce goods at affordable prices.
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26

Mbaye, El Hadji Seydou. "Program Against Cancer in Kenya." Journal of Medical & Clinical Nursing, December 31, 2020, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jmcn/2020(1)103.

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Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase new cancer cases per year by 2035 in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of lives could be saved each year if countries made use of existing knowledge and the best cost-effective methods to prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate a provisional budget against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, according the GNI-PPP, the cancer incidence and the number of population. Economically country classification is determining with the Gross national income (GNI), per capita, Purchasing power parity (PPP), according the administrations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cancer incidence data presented are based on the most recent data available at IARC. However, population compares estimates from the US Bureau of the Census. The provisional budget is establishing among the guidelines developed by WHO for regional and national cancer control programs according to national economic development. Provisional budget against cancer is estimated to 352,278.784 (thousands of U.S $) for a population of 47,615,739 persons in Kenya
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27

"Effect of Management Efficiency on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 05, no. 06 (June 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i6-33.

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Performance of commercial banks has critical implications for economic growth of countries. The Kenyan banking sector remained resilient on the backdrop of turbulence, characterized by interest rate capping in 2015 and the prolonged electioneering period in 2017 which brought uncertainties in the banking sector. This study investigated the effect of management efficiency on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Efficient market hypothesis and modern portfolio theory guided the study. The study adopted an explanatory research design. The study used 2009-2018 secondary consolidated panel data of 40 commercial banks from Central Bank of Kenya and International Monetary Fund. Time series econometric procedures of co-integration and Vector Error Correction model (VECM) were used so as to determine nature of the time series data and equilibrium relation between the variables. The VECM estimation results identified a significant short run and long run equilibrium relation between coefficient of management efficiency and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The Coefficient of Management Efficiency was 0.2359, p=0.008 < 0.05. The coefficients of management efficiency were positive and significant at 5% level. This implied that for every unit increase in coefficient management efficiency would increase by 0.2359 units of financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya respectively in the long run. The findings indicated a significant co-integration relation between management efficiency and finance performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The VECM results also indicated that management efficiency and financial performance have a long run equilibrium during the study period. Managerial policies and strategies that are cost effective and productive efficient could raise the managerial efficiency and financial performance of banks. Based on the findings the study recommended that banks put a lot of focus on their own internal processes since management efficiency, had positive influence on their profitability policies.
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28

Munala, Leso, Emily Welle, Nene Okunna, and Emily Hohenshell. "The Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on Healthcare Delivery in Kenya: An Analysis of the National Sexual Violence Prevention and Care Response." International Quarterly of Community Health Education, December 24, 2020, 0272684X2098259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x20982596.

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Sexual violence is one of the most common forms of violence against women in Kenya. This study documents the care of sexual violence survivors from the perspective of health care practitioners based on an analytic framework developed in studies of the political-economy of health to examine the effects of International Financial Institutions’ conditionalities on the allocation of national fiscal resources. The study documented the working conditions of practitioners and myriad challenges that they experience in providing quality services to sexual violence survivors. The issues reflected in the results are grounded in social structural inequities driven by the global political economic policies that perpetuate poverty and dependency throughout Africa and the developing world. Macro-level variables associated with health care provision are assessed with a focus on global macroeconomic policies established by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, their impact on Kenya’s health economy and their ultimate impact on the capacity of the health system to meet the complex needs of survivors of sexual violence. In this paper, study results are analysed within the context of these macroeconomic policies and their legacy.
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29

"International Monetary Fund." Choice Reviews Online 43, no. 12 (August 1, 2006): 43Sup—0529–43Sup—0529. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.43sup-0529.

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"International Monetary Fund." Choice Reviews Online 42, no. 12 (August 1, 2005): 42Sup—0472–42Sup—0472. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.42sup-0472.

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"International Monetary Fund." Choice Reviews Online 40, no. 12 (August 1, 2003): 40Sup—0424–40Sup—0424. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.40sup-0424.

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"International Monetary Fund." Choice Reviews Online 41, no. 12 (August 1, 2004): 41Sup—0424–41Sup—0424. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.41sup-0424.

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"International Monetary Fund." Choice Reviews Online 40, no. 06 (February 1, 2003): 40–3527. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-3527.

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34

Albu, Gina. "International Monetary Fund." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1769907.

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35

"International Monetary Fund." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 50, no. 8 (October 2013): 20096A—20096B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.05351.x.

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"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 57, no. 2 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2020.09394.x.

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37

"The International Monetary Fund." Choice Reviews Online 30, no. 11 (July 1, 1993): 30–5955. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.30-5955.

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38

"Africa-International Monetary Fund." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 46, no. 12 (February 2010): 18526A—18526C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2010.03033.x.

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39

"Africa-International Monetary Fund." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 47, no. 1 (March 2010): 18558A—18558C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2010.03084.x.

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40

"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: Debt Relief." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 58, no. 3 (May 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2021.09979.x.

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41

"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: Africa Outlook." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 59, no. 7 (September 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2022.10708.x.

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"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: Spring Meetings." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 59, no. 4 (June 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2022.10575.x.

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43

"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: SDR Allocation." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 58, no. 8 (October 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2021.10209.x.

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44

Argyropoulou, Venetia. "25. International Monetary Fund (IMF)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law, August 19, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvaa065.

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45

"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: Country Reviews." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 45, no. 2 (April 2008): 17743B—17744A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2008.01527.x.

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46

"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: Country Reviews." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 46, no. 3 (May 2009): 18202B—18204A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2009.02278.x.

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47

"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: Spring Meetings." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 47, no. 4 (June 4, 2010): 18668C—18670A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2010.03256.x.

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48

"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: Review Missions." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 48, no. 3 (May 2011): 19056A—19058A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2011.03839.x.

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49

"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: Mission Reviews." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 48, no. 9 (October 24, 2011): 19271C—19272C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2011.04153.x.

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50

"INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND: Mission Reviews." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 48, no. 11 (December 19, 2011): 19344B—19345A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2011.04258.x.

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