Relevant bibliographies by topics / International Monetary Fund Kenya

Academic literature on the topic 'International Monetary Fund Kenya'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "International Monetary Fund Kenya"

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Kerich, Henry. "Analysis of the Impact of International Monetary Fund Programs on Economic Performance of Kenya." Journal of Management Research 8, no. 2 (April 16, 2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v8i2.9248.

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<p>Like most other countries in developing countries, Kenya faces economic challenges as it tries to stabilize its balance of payments, reduce external debts and curb high unemployment rates. Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) are defined as economic programs mainly set for developing countries supported by the Bretton Woods institutions since the beginning of 1980s. As a result of prolonged balance of payments deficits, high unemployment rates and high debts, brought about by poor economic performance, the country has turned to International Monetary Fund for credit assistance. This research sought to examine if there was a relationship between structural adjustment programs and economic performance in Kenya. The results in this study revealed a significant correlation between IMF structural adjustment programs and economic performance in Kenya. The findings showed that the three dependent variables analyzed notably, balance of payments, debts, and unemployment showed a strong correlation with IMF structural adjustment programs.</p>
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Curry, Robert L. "Africa and the International Monetary Fund: papers presented at a symposium held in Nairobi, Kenya, May 13–15, 1985 edited by Gerald K. Helleiner Washington, D.C., International Monetary Fund, 1986. Pp. xi+277. $10·00 paperback." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 4 (December 1987): 715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010259.

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Mingst, Karen A. "Inter-organizational politics: the World Bank and the African Development Bank." Review of International Studies 13, no. 4 (October 1987): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011352x.

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The undisputed proliferation of international organizations has been interpreted in several ways by members of the scholarly community. Probably most see the explosion in numbers and kinds of actors as a peripheral development; in the realist and neo-realist tradition, the primacy of the state and the state system remains largely unaffected. Others are sceptical of what the trend means and so have developed research agendas examining more closely international organization influence on states and impact on issues. Yet few international relations scholars have paid attention to what this proliferation means for relations among various organizations and its effects on states. However, with so many of these organizations involved in economic development activities, it is very likely that these organizations willingly and sometimes unwittingly encounter each other particularly in Third World countries. Rumours abound of IGOs and NGOs ‘stumbling over each other’ in the capitals of Sahelian countries vying for the attention of too few government officials, leading to negative impacts on policy. In Indo-China, Gordenker finds ‘increasing friction and clogging’ from the rapid expansion of United Nations High Commission for Refugees activities, as they intersect with the International Red Cross, Unicef, and private voluntary organizations. Yet not all interaction is conflictual. Nongovernmental aid agencies in Thailand co-operate closely, as do the International Monetary Fund and World Bank in Kenya.
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Odionye, Joseph, and Jude Chukwu. "The asymmetric effects of currency devaluation in selected sub-Saharan Africa." Ekonomski anali 66, no. 230 (2021): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2130135o.

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Economic activities in many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have weakened markedly in the last few years, with deterioration in trade balances, increasing foreign reserve depletion, and exchange rate depreciation. This situation has led to a call by the International Monetary Fund for more flexible exchange rate adjustment and even currency devaluation to reverse the economic downturn. This call for devaluation has generated controversy among economists and policymakers in these countries and has revived the need to study the effects of devaluation on economic output in SSA countries. This study therefore examines the asymmetric effects of currency devaluation as a policy shift on economic output between 1980 and 2019 in six selected SSA countries, namely Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Malawi. The study employs the smooth transition regression (STR) model to determine the relative asymmetric responses of economic output to devaluation and nondevaluation regimes. The results of STR are mixed, as devaluation asymmetrically impacts positively and significantly on economic output in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique, but is insignificant in the case of Nigeria and Malawi. This mixed result suggests that the impact of currency devaluation on economic output differs across countries depending on the structure and size of the economy, the nature of goods produced, and the supportive policies in place, among other things. The policy implication of the findings is that policymakers in various countries should understand the peculiarity of core macroeconomic variables in order to design and implement robust policies.
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Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha, Noemia, Jinshuo Li, Eliud Kibuchi, Zahidul Quayyum, Penelope Phillips-Howard, Abdul Awal, Md Imran Hossain Mithu, et al. "Economics of healthcare access in low-income and middle-income countries: a protocol for a scoping review of the economic impacts of seeking healthcare on slum-dwellers compared with other city residents." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e045441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045441.

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IntroductionPeople living in slums face several challenges to access healthcare. Scarce and low-quality public health facilities are common problems in these communities. Costs and prevalence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) have also been reported as high in studies conducted in slums in developing countries and those suffering from chronic conditions and the poorest households seem to be more vulnerable to financial hardship. The COVID-19 pandemic may be aggravating the economic impact on the extremely vulnerable population living in slums due to the long-term consequences of the disease. The objective of this review is to report the economic impact of seeking healthcare on slum-dwellers in terms of costs and CHE. We will compare the economic impact on slum-dwellers with other city residents.Methods and analysisThis scoping review adopts the framework suggested by Arksey and O’Malley. The review is part of the accountability and responsiveness of slum-dwellers (ARISE) research consortium, which aims to enhance accountability to improve the health and well-being of marginalised populations living in slums in India, Bangladesh, Sierra Leone and Kenya. Costs of accessing healthcare will be updated to 2020 prices using the inflation rates reported by the International Monetary Fund. Costs will be presented in International Dollars by using purchase power parity. The prevalence of CHE will also be reported.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for scoping reviews. We will disseminate our results alongside the events organised by the ARISE consortium and international conferences. The final manuscript will be submitted to an open-access international journal. Registration number at the Research Registry: reviewregistry947.
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Chung, Janne O. Y., and Carolyn A. Windsor. "Empowerment Through Knowledge of Accounting and Related Disciplines: Participatory Action Research in an African Village." Behavioral Research in Accounting 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-10149.

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ABSTRACT Accounting scholars are challenged to discover ways to facilitate a broader engagement with the oppressed and poor toward a more just and fair world. This paper reports an interaction between an accounting educator and disadvantaged Kenyan villagers in an exploratory attempt to expand the reach of critical accounting research from the confines of academia to practice. In Africa, the end of colonialism left widespread poverty that was exacerbated by illiteracy and ignorance. At the same time, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) required newly independent African states to implement neo-liberal-inspired policies that weakened state social governance. This, in turn, led to the growth of religious and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) whose policies aimed to fill the gaps in government social services that alleviate inequities. Ignorance enslaves, but knowledge—including knowledge of accounting and financial systems—will empower the poor to evaluate the motives, desirability, and achievements of governmental and NGO services and programs introduced to ease poverty. The specific aim of this modest, grassroots intervention was to share financial knowledge with members of a church in Bungoma, a poor region in Northwestern Kenya. This participatory action research (PAR) intervention was carefully implemented to respect the values and culture of the village participants, and avoided Western values and praxis to maintain the villagers' status quo. Instead, the accounting educator introduced empathetic learning by relating accounting principles to the Christian values of the villagers. The paper concludes with a discussion on the outcomes and limitations of this intervention.
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Yiranbon, Ethel, Lu Lin Zhou, Henry Asante Antwi, and Numir Nisar. "The Impact of Privatisation of Healthcare Equipment and Technology SOEs on Productivity in Africa." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 26 (October 2016): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.26.195.

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Upon the attainment of independence many African countries emerged with a new spirit of entrepreneurial governance and domestic industrialization. However with time, most of the state owned enterprises (SOEs) set up have been privatized largely because of mismanagement, huge deficits and operational inefficiencies created by many factors. In all material moments, the objective of divesture of SOEs was to stimulate efficiency, productivity and relieve the state of the huge financial burden they bring. Our study examines the methods of privatization of healthcare technology and equipment SOEs in Africa and their impact on post-divestiture productivity based on cases from Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya.We simultaneously collect and model privatization data from International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank relating to Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya. These were data submitted to the IMF and World Bank as part of the measures to implement the different forms of economic recovery and structural adjustment programs in the respective countries. Our empirical strategy follows the broader literature in estimating reduced form equations for firm performance as a function of ownership, while trying to account for potential problems of heterogeneity (observed and unobserved) and simultaneity bias. We note the insider/employee shareholding accounted for only 23.6 percent of privatization of healthcare equipments and technology manufacturing enterprises on average while mass privatization program accounts for 18.2 percent of the privatization mode. We note that each of these methods yield positive post divestiture labour productivity. However privatization of healthcare equipment and technology manufacturing enterprises by block sale to outside investors generated the highest form of labour productivity.
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Officer, Lawrence H. "The International Monetary Fund." Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science 37, no. 4 (1990): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1173770.

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Lee, Simon. "The International Monetary Fund." New Political Economy 7, no. 2 (July 2002): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563460220138880.

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SCHUMACHER, E. F., and T. BALOCH. "AN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 6, no. 6 (May 1, 2009): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1944.mp6006001.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International Monetary Fund Kenya"

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Saravia, Tamayo Diego. "International Monetary Fund programs and capital market access /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1579.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Al-Ajlani, Riad. "Some issues regarding IMF and Third World relations." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261828.

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Darrow, Mac. "Between light and shadow : the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and international human rights law /." Oxford [u.a.] : Hart, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/364972661.pdf.

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George, Dion. "Perpetual Dependency: An Analysis of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Relationship with the International Monetary Fund." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/172.

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This study examined the relationship between CARICOM governments and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The study focused on three research questions: (1) What do the CARICOM leadership and other stakeholders believe are the major reasons why they continue to rely on the financial assistance and intervention of the IMF? (2) Under which paradigm of development do these leaders and stake holders perceive their relationships with the IMF? (3) How do younger and older CARICOM citizens perceive the future growth of their countries, under the leadership of the IMF? Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study to analyze the research questions; therefore, this study used a mixed-methods design. Research question one was analyzed using a qualitative design, while the second and third research questions used a quantitative analysis in the form of descriptive statistics. The analysis, which was limited to six interviews, contained 13 questions. Thematic analysis explored themes such as unique crafting of policies to meet challenges; rationale to undergo IMF programs; ability to meet domestic and international payment obligations; and most applicable economic paradigm to CARICOM. This study also examined the economic paradigms undergirding CARICOM leaders’ decision to use the International Monetary Fund in addressing the socioeconomic and political development issue of the region. The sample consisted of 49 participants. The study concluded that the IMF policies are uniquely crafted to suit the specific CARICOM countries’ needs. These countries tend to invite the IMF interventions out of a sheer necessity and often are reluctant to do so. Yet, doing so provides access to additional funding and other resources that would likely have been otherwise unavailable. While the intent of the IMF programs is to eliminate the inefficient use of resources in these states, sometimes government spending can be impacted by its political nature and yield unintended consequences.
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Young, Eric Wight. "The International Monetary Fund and Social Safety Net Construction Failure in Indonesia 1997-1998." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32074.

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Throughout the International Monetary Fundâ s history it has been criticized for failing to address the negative impact its adjustment programs have on the poor in borrowing countries. This study examines the Fundâ s declared intention and actions regarding the construction of a social safety net in Indonesia from October 1997 until May 1998. A historical narrative using Constructivism as a theoretical framework is used to explain the relationship between the IMF, Suharto and the effect their interaction had on social safety net construction. This historical perspective reveals that rather than working towards building a social safety net, the Fundâ s main priority was the decentralization of Indonesian political and economic structures.
Master of Arts
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Azrieli, Naomi. "Soviet economic diplomacy, 1941-1947." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324974.

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Hasdemir, Fatih. "The reform of the economies of developing countries under the influence of international financial institutions : the case of Turkey." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318996.

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Gardner, Jennifer Lynn. "IMF Conditionality and Political Dissent in Developing Nations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42591.

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Conditionality refers to the program policies required by international institutions, such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), in order for countries to be eligible to receive access to resources provided by such institutions. In the case of the IMF these resources are available in the form of loans. The proper role of conditionality as a component of the Fundâ s financial arrangements with developing nations has been a topic of debate in both the political science and economic fields of study. On the political science side the argument has centered on whether or not austere and structural conditionality can in effect cause political dissent in the developing nations, and whether or not the process of conditionality violates the sovereign rights of nations. In this research study three Latin American countries (Brazil, Argentina, and Costa Rica) were utilized as case studies to try and determine whether or not their was a casual link between the implementation of IMF conditionality and instances of political dissent manifested as protests, riots, and strikes. Evidence of political dissent directly related to the implementation of IMF conditionality was found in all three case studies at varying levels. The instances of political dissent were then analyzed individually and as a group to try and determine specific cause, group dynamics, and the economic context in which they took place. The study concluded that as practiced in the 1990s and early 2000s conditionality can interfere with the democratic process in developing nations.
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Kim, Jung-Kwan. "Monetary policy and exchange rate during the Asian Crisis." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052187.

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Javed, Omer. "Essays on institutional quality, macroeconomic stabilization, and economic growth in International Monetary Fund member countries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/319439.

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This study is motivated by the overall poor performance of International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs in recipient countries in terms of economic growth consequences, and tries to explore the relevance of institutional determinants for economic growth in these program countries. The analysis, at the same time, also takes into consideration the claim by New Institutional Economics (NIE) literature, which points out an overall positive consequence of institutional quality determinants on economic growth for countries in general. Taking a panel data of IMF member countries, the thesis primarily focuses on the IMF program countries, during 1980-2009; a time period during which the number of IMF programs witnessed an increasing trend. Firstly, important determinants of economic- and political institutional quality in IMF program countries are estimated by applying the System- GMM approach, so as to find significant determinants among them. Here, a parliamentary form of government, aggregate governance level, civil liberties, openness, and property rights all enhance overall institutional quality. Specifically, greater monetary- and investment freedom are conducive for political institutional quality, while military in power impacts negatively. Moreover, economic growth is conducive for enhancing economic institutional quality. Thereafter, the impact of the significant institutional determinants is then estimated on real economic growth, both directly, and also indirectly, through the channel of macroeconomic stability. Results mainly validate that institutional determinants overall play a positive role in reducing macroeconomic instability, and through it, and also independently, enhance real economic growth. In the last part of the thesis, Pakistan is selected as a representative example of a frequent user of IMF resources. Here, by applying the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model techniques, various counterfactual scenarios are estimated for a period of 1980-2014, to see impact of an institutional determinant, KOF index of globalization on macroeconomic instability and real economic growth. Results highlight that through enhanced focus on institutional reduced, and hence higher growth rate of GDP can be achieved.
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Books on the topic "International Monetary Fund Kenya"

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K, Helleiner Gerald, and International Monetary Fund, eds. Africa and the International Monetary Fund: Papers presented at a symposium held in Nairobi, Kenya, May 13-15, 1985. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1986.

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Sihanya, Bernard, Osogo Ambani, and Onesimus Kipchumba Murkomen. The impact of IMF policies on education, health, and women's rights in Kenya: Resource book. Nairobi, Kenya: ActionAid Kenya, 2008.

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(Organization), ACTIONAID-Kenya, ed. IMF policies and their impact on education, health, and women's rights in Kenya: The fallacies and pitfalls of the IMF policies : popular version. Nairobi, Kenya: ActionAid International Kenya, 2009.

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Salda, Anne C. M. International Monetary Fund. Oxford: Clio Press, 1992.

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The International Monetary Fund. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 1992.

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Fund, International Monetary, ed. What is the International Monetary Fund? Washington, D.C: External Relations Dept., International Monetary Fund, 1997.

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Driscoll, David D. What is the international monetary fund?. Washington D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1989.

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Driscoll, David D. What is the international monetary fund? Washington, D.C: External Relations Department, International Monetary Fund, 1995.

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Driscoll, David D. What is the international monetary fund?. Washington D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1992.

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Peru and the International Monetary Fund. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "International Monetary Fund Kenya"

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House, Brett, David Vines, and W. Max Corden. "International Monetary Fund." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1966-1.

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Corden, Warner Max. "International Monetary Fund." In Lucky Boy in the Lucky Country, 181–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65166-8_15.

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House, Brett, David Vines, and W. Max Corden. "International Monetary Fund." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 6767–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1966.

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House, Brett, David Vines, and W. Max Corden. "International Monetary Fund." In Banking Crises, 158–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137553799_18.

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Guilmard, Patrice. "International Monetary Fund." In American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 73. Binghamton: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.ii.16gui.

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Goddard, C. Roe, and Melissa H. Birch. "The International Monetary Fund." In International Political Economy, 215–35. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24443-0_15.

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van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The International Monetary Fund." In International Economic Institutions, 23–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3576-4_2.

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van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The International Monetary Fund." In International Economic Institutions, 25–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5565-7_2.

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Van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The International Monetary Fund." In International Economic Institutions, 21–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1930-8_2.

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Van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The International Monetary Fund." In International Economic Institutions, 23–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1933-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "International Monetary Fund Kenya"

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Xu, Chenheng. "Analysis and Research of VAR Listed Monetary Fund Based on Big Data." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Electronic Technology, Communication and Information (ICETCI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetci53161.2021.9563351.

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Harper, Richard, and Abigail Sellen. "Collaborative tools and the practicalities of professional work at the international monetary fund." In the SIGCHI conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/223904.223920.

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NEAMTU, Daniela Mihaela. "The Strategy of International Monetary Fund in the Recovery of the Post-Crisis Economy in Latin America." In The 14th Economic International Conference: Strategies and Development Policies of Territories: International, Country, Region, City, Location Challenges, May 10-11, 2018, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.63.

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Gong, Eric, and Yu Sun. "ComputerBank: A Community-based Computer Donation Platform using Machine Learning and NFT." In 11th International Conference on Signal & Image Processing (SIP 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121704.

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Many people donate money to fund organizations, but very rarely do those donors have information about where those donations go. Donation platforms are both non-transparent and also leave a large portion of potential donors unnoticed: gamers [1]. This paper explores the concept of utilizing blockchain technology and its existence as a web3 token-based platform in order to provide transparency for donation routes, showing donors and other companies exactly where donations are coming from and where that money is going. Our application utilizes HTTP requests in order to greatly increase compatibility, and also uses multiple private key encryptions in order to ensure that any user data or information and monetary transactions are kept secure and private [2].
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Ciolomic, Ioana Andreea, and Ioana Natalia Beleiu. "THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS’ IN DEFINING STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.83.

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owned enterprises (SOEs) have an essential role in national economies worldwide, but regardless of their acknowledged contribution to the global markets, divergent opinions and approaches can be observed when defining and characterizing these entities. On the other hand, international organizations such as OECD, International Monetary Fund, European Commission, United Nations, World Trade Organizations, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and professional organizations such as IPSASB and Chartered Institute of Management Accountants have an essential role in SOEs' activity. One of the biggest challenges that professional bodies have nowadays is to find a unique definition to match the need of practitioners and capture the complexity of SOEs. Even if there can be identified some common approaches between academicians, international, and professional organizations, there are some delicate areas that require substantial efforts for clarifications. The paper addresses this topic, aiming to clarify the main aspects concerning the definition of SOEs from international and professional organizations' points of view based on qualitative research methods.
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Barnett, Nicholas, Annamarie Murray, Nicholas Ouellette, and Michael Snyder. "Regional Strategy for the Implementation of Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87195.

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Natural gas as a transportation fuel is a practical and viable replacement for petroleum based fuels. To implement natural gas fuel technologies, strategic plans must be put in place by city, state, and national agencies to not only fund the technology with monetary investments but also fund the social change to encourage long term technology growth. With the discovery and exploration of the Marcellus Shale the potential for natural gas infiltration as a fuel into the transportation market has grown exponentially. The region of interest for this specific plan focuses on a 150 mile radius around the Pittsburgh metropolis as the initial test bed region of interest. This region lies upon the Marcellus Shale and therefore there is a positive push towards the use of natural gas fueled by local interest. This region has the intellectual knowhow from universities and government agencies alike to develop technologies from theoretical design to product deployment. To ensure an effective and successful strategy the methodology of this investigation was one which looked to the past, present and the future. Past strategies were studied to determine what key features lead to success, the present was explored to define what laws and regulations are in place which affects the new technologies, and the future benefits of a successful implementation were hypothesized based on economic theory. The proposed strategy is a closed loop operation; meaning one industrious customer is temporarily both the supply and the demand chain of the technology. Public and private investments are vital to a successful implementation in the region by steering social awareness and subsidizing the market.
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Azer, Özlem Arzu. "Political and Economic Integration of the Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkish Republics into the Global World." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00244.

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With the dissolution of Soviet Union, former Soviet Republics’ central planned economy transformed into free market economy and structural reforms were made as parallel of this development. These former socialist countries have some diffficulties to adopt capitalism due to absence of some fundamental feautures of capitalism and inheritance of Soviet Union. Ending big threat of communism, the jeo-strategical importance of the region increased for the West because these countries own the oil and gas resources besides they are starting point or transit country of the energy pipelines. However, these transition countries could not develop economically and poverty became the major problem for most of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics. As economic problems lead weakness of governance, ethnical conflicts and border conflicts threat these new independent countries. The region seems in the center of war for power due to rich natural resources and pipelines as well as the connection point to Afghanistan and being the exit to the Black Sea. This paper seeks economic situations of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics which jeo-strategical importance increased due to natural resources and geographic location during Post Cold-War era. This work is based on statistical data provided by United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), covering the period of 1990-2008 and contains Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.
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Balcılar, Mehmet. "COVID-19 Recession: The Global Economy in Crisis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02467.

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In January 2020, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicted that the world economy would grow by 3.3% in 2020. However, in its latest forecasts, in April, it predicts a contraction of 3.0%, without growth prospects and with numerous risks. The World bank even forecasts a 3.6% contraction in 2020. These forecasts are already seen as overestimates. Most baseline forecast envisions the deepest global recession since World War II. This study analyzes various economics impacts of the COVID-19 on a global scale. If the global recession expected due to the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) would lead to a decline in growth rate of global gross domestic product (GDP) between 2.0% and 10.% in all countries in 2020, the number of unemployed people in the net food importer countries would increase between 14.4 million and 80.3 million; the biggest part of the increase would occur in low-income countries. As the pandemic has shown its most severe impact on the largest world economies, the study considers the developments in United States, Euro Area, Japan and China. The recessions in these parts of the world spreads to the other countries and one should primarily consider these regions. Next we consider the trends in global trades, financial markets, and commodity markets. In association with the four regions of the global economy and trends in global trade, financial markets and commodity markets we consider recent developments in emerging markets.
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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. "Effects of Global Economic Crisis on Kyrgyzstan Economy and Developments in Economic Relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00239.

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The global crisis which started in September 2008 adversely affected many global economies and also Kyrgyzstan economy. Kyrgyzstan economy which declined and experienced a severe recession in 2009 due to the crisis started recovering from the adverse effects of the crisis after 2010. What lie beneath this positive development is increased foreign exchange revenues abroad and vigor experienced in construction industry and industrial production. The recovery experienced in economies of Russia and neighbor Kazakhstan resulted in increased exports and thus increased revenues in foreign currencies obtained from foreign countries. The political disturbances experienced in Bishkek in April 2011 and ethnic conflicts experienced in southern Kyrgyzstan in June 2011, created an adverse effect on the economy. The crisis resulted in degradation of investment environment, adversely influenced the foreign investments and increased the current account deficit. These developments adversely influenced the banking sector too. The government attempted to diminish effects of the crisis through financial incentives. The budget deficit emerged as a result of crisis was attempted to be closed through support secured from International Monetary Fund (IMF). IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank lent great support to invigorating Kyrgyzstan economy after events of April and July. According to IMF, if political instability goes on in Kyrgyzstan in medium and long term, economic problems shall continue. Uncertainties in banking sector are amongst the main factors which increase the economic risks. Recovery of Kyrgyzstan economy is dependent on medium term financial policy measures to be applied to the economy and balancing the foreign trade.
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Fazil Hamadi, Fazil. "Economic reform as a tool to diversify the Iraqi economy." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/35.

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Many countries have followed economic reform policies as a result of the debt problem in 1982. Many countries have shifted from a planned economy towards a free economy by following economic reform programs with the help of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Iraq introduced some aspects of economic reform in the nineties of the last century. But without the intervention of any of the two international institutions, and these reforms were very simple, but the political change in (2003) and the rise in foreign debts on Iraq as a result of wars and economic siege led Iraq to follow economic reform programs with the help of the two international organizations in (2004), now and after ( 18) years to follow these policies, Iraq still did not achieve the desired goals of these reforms, especially with regard to economic diversification, so the study’s goal came to show the reasons that led to the failure of economic reforms to achieve their goals with regard to diversifying the Iraqi economy and what are the measures that must be taken to solve this is the problem. The study assumed that the main reason for not achieving economic diversification is the incorrect application of economic reform policies and the failure to benefit from its returns in improving the structure of the economy. The study used the analytical method by analyzing the data of the oil and non-oil economic sectors and the extent of their contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), public revenues and exports. The study reached conclusions, the most important of which is that one of the reasons for the lack of economic diversification is the weakness of internal security and the lack of attention to infrastructure, especially in the agricultural sector, which led to high production costs and thus the exit of many producers from the production cycle and their search for government jobs with high returns for them if compared to the returns of their products of high cost. As for the most important proposals, they are concerned with providing internal security in Iraq by providing opportunities for workers in the private sector by encouraging the private sector to produce by creating a spirit of competition between private sector companies by licensing the public sector to carry out privatization processes and leaving the private sector to produce with higher efficiency. These measures are enough to achieve economic diversification and work to reduce prices and improve production technology.
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Reports on the topic "International Monetary Fund Kenya"

1

Bordo, Michael, and Anna Schwartz. From the Exchange Stabilization Fund to the International Monetary Fund. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8100.

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2

Reinhart, Carmen, and Christoph Trebesch. The International Monetary Fund: 70 Years of Reinvention. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21805.

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3

Bordo, Michael, and Harold James. The International Monetary Fund: Its Present Role in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7724.

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4

Edwards, Sebastian. The International Monetary Fund and the Developing Countries: A Critical Evaluation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2909.

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David, Raluca. Advancing gender equality and closing the gender digital gap: Three principles to support behavioural change policy and intervention. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/02.

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Worldwide, interventions and policies to improve gender equality or close gender gaps often struggle to reach their targets. For example, women lag considerably behind in use of even simple digital technologies such as mobile phones or the internet. In 2020, the gap in mobile internet use in low- and middle-income countries was at 15%, while in South Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries, it remained as high as 36% and 37% respectively (GSMA, 2021). Use of the internet for more complex activities shows an even wider gap. In Cairo, in 2018, only 21% of female internet users gained economically, and only 7% were able to voice their opinions online (with similar statistics for India, Indonesia, Kenya, Uganda and Colombia, Sambuli et al., 2018). This is despite the fact that empowering women through digital technologies is central to global gender equality strategies (e.g. Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations, 2015), and is believed to facilitate economic growth and industry-level transformation (International Monetary Fund, 2020). Progress is slow because behaviours are gendered: there are stark dissociations between what women and men do – or are expected to do. These dissociations are deeply entrenched by social norms, to the extent that interventions to change them face resistance or can even backfire. Increasingly, governments are using behavioural change interventions in a bid to improve public policy outcomes, while development or gender organisations are using behavioural change programmes to shift gender norms. However, very little is known about how gendered social norms impact the digital divide, or how to use behavioural interventions to shift these norms. Drawing on several research papers that look at the gender digital gap, this brief examines why behavioural change is difficult, and how it could be implemented more effectively. This brief is addressed to policymakers, programme co-ordinators in development organisations, and strategy planners in gender equality interventions who are interested in ways to accelerate progress on gender equality, and close the gender digital gap. The brief offers a set of principles on which to base interventions, programmes and strategies to change gendered behaviours. The principles in this brief were developed as part of a programme of research into ways to close the gender digital gap.
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Winters, Paul, Benjamin Wakefield, Irene Toma, Anneke Schmider, Frini Chantzi, and Osman Dar. Facilitating progress towards SDG2: Zero Hunger. Royal Institute of International Affairs, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135072.

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Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger (SDG2) remains out of reach. SDG2 progress has slowed over the last few years, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to exacerbate the problem. Improving the leadership, governance and coordination of the three UN Rome-based agencies (RBAs) – the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Food Programme (WFP) – is crucial to achieving this objective. Lessons from comparable institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group and the World Health Organization may prove vital in realizing SDG2. While there are many actors that will influence progress towards this goal, the RBAs are best placed to lead on this initiative through improved transparency and leadership selection processes; the consolidation of RBA meetings and higher-level dialogue at those events; and enhanced collaboration at the regional, country and global levels.
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7

Abdo, Nabil, Dana Abed, Bachir Ayoub, and Nizar Aouad. The IMF and Lebanon: The long road ahead – An assessment of how Lebanon’s economy may be stabilized while battling a triple crisis and recovering from a deadly blast. Oxfam, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6652.

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Lebanon is extremely unequal and has been rocked by massive protests in recent months. The country is facing a financial crisis and is in talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) about a potential bailout programme. Other IMF programmes in the region have focused on austerity and have driven increases in poverty and inequality. A business-as-usual approach by the IMF in Lebanon could have serious and far-reaching adverse impacts. Any potential policies pushed by the IMF in Lebanon must first be shown not to impact negatively on economic and gender inequalities, and must be drawn up transparently in consultation with local communities, civil society organizations and social movements.
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Lunsgaarde, Erik, Kevin Adams, Kendra Dupuy, Adis Dzebo, Mikkel Funder, Adam Fejerskov, Zoha Shawoo, and Jakob Skovgaard. The politics of climate finance coordination. Stockholm Environment Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.022.

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As COP26 approaches, governments are facing calls to increase the ambition of their climate commitments under the Paris Agreement. The mobilization of climate finance will be key to meeting these goals, prompting the need for renewed attention on how to enhance the coordination of existing funds and thus increase their effectiveness, efficiency and equity. The climate finance landscape is fragmented due to the variety of actors involved at different levels. Coordination difficulties emerge in multiple arenas and reflect the diversity of funding sources, implementation channels, and sectors relevant for climate action (Lundsgaarde, Dupuy and Persson, 2018). The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development has identified over 90 climate-specific funds. Most of them are multilateral. While bilateral climate finance remains significant, growth in multilateral funding has been the main driver of recent funding increases and remains a focus of international negotiations. Practitioners often highlight organizational resource constraints – such as staffing levels, the continuity of personnel, or the availability of adequate information management systems – as factors limiting coordination. In this brief, we argue that improving climate finance coordination requires considering coordination challenges in a political context where both fund secretariats and external stakeholders play an important role in shaping collaboration prospects. To illustrate this point, we highlight the political nature of global-level coordination challenges between the multilateral Climate Investment Funds (CIF) and Green Climate Fund (GCF), as well as national-level challenges in Kenya and Zambia. Key challenges influencing coordination relate to the governance of climate funds, domestic bureaucratic politics in recipient countries, and the existence of multiple coordination frameworks at the country level.
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Tamale, Nona. Adding Fuel to Fire: How IMF demands for austerity will drive up inequality worldwide. Oxfam, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7864.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a huge blow to every country, and many governments have struggled to meet their populations’ urgent needs during the crisis. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has stepped in to offer extra support to a large number of countries during the pandemic. However, Oxfam’s analysis shows that as of 15 March 2021, 85% of the 107 COVID-19 loans negotiated between the IMF and 85 governments indicate plans to undertake austerity once the health crisis abates. The findings in this briefing paper show that the IMF is systematically encouraging countries to adopt austerity measures once the pandemic subsides, risking a severe spike in already increased inequality levels. A variety of studies have revealed the uneven distribution of the burden of austerity, which is more likely to be shouldered by women, low-income households and vulnerable groups, while the wealth of the richest people increases. Oxfam joins global institutions and civil society in urging governments worldwide and the IMF to focus their energies instead on a people-centred, just and equal recovery that will fight inequality and not fuel it. Austerity will not ‘build back better’.
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Research Department - International Section - International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Stabilization Fund - 1943 - 1944. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/17220.

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