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Nikmaram, Pegah. "Swedish fashion retailers international market selection process." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6567.
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The Swedish fashion industry can be described as small, but yet very high competitive. Large fashion chains are taking over the market at the expense of mom & pop stores, which are constantly decreasing in numbers. Lately, many international players has entered the Swedish market and increased the competition even more. With falling trade and investment barriers and technological innovation more and more Swedish fashion retail companies see new opportunities for increased profit and growth by expanding the business abroad. Globalization has created great opportunities for these companies to enter far-away markets, yet many of them tend to start internationalizing in nearby markets. The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how Swedish fashion retailers that want to expand globally decide which international markets to enter. It is a multiple-case study where the focus is on the international market selection process of Lindex and Indiska Magasinet. Through literature studies and interviews with foreign expansion managers at these companies as well as two other key players with attachment to the subject, I have increased my knowledge within this area. Since the study is aiming at understanding Swedish fashion retailers foreign market decisions I have chosen to use a qualitative approach, so that I can keep an interpretative point of view. The study results show that both Indiska Magasinet and Lindex have gradually increased its international involvement. Both companies have started to internationalize to nearby markets and are now heading to more distant countries. This expansion strategy has its pros and cons, but still, it seems to be more advantageous for both companies. The study also shows that neither Lindex nor Indiska Magasinet has taken the macro environmental forces into consideration as much as needed in the screening process for potential foreign markets. Considering the difficulties these companies have faced in certain markets, a slower expansion rate and improvement in the market screening and identification process seems necessary in order to reduce the risk of making similar mistakes in the future. Keywords: Swedish fashion retailers, foreign expansion, identification, nearby markets, important forces
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Magnusson, Sebastian, Jimmy Källgren, and Tom Viberg. "Emerging Market Selection for Offshore Production : A case study on the international market selection into an emerging market." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45011.
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The purpose of this thesis is to conduct an international market selection which will result in a suitable choice of market for an SME that is about to place offshore production in an emerging market. A focus during the thesis is directed towards potential risks that may occur and how SMEs can manage these. In order to fulfill this purpose the authors have developed two main research questions:How can an SME use the IMS-framework to select an emerging market for offshore production?How can an SME manage potential risks when placing offshore production in an emerging market?The theoretical framework consists of the description of the international market selection process that is relevant as it is the framework from which the selection of a target market originates. Further, a description of theories on entry modes and risk management is presented in order to provide insight on how SMEs can manage risks when placing production in an emerging market. The empirical chapter consists of interviews from a case company as well as Business Sweden and is structured in accordance to the theoretical chapter.In the analysis the theoretical frameworks are discussed and connected to the empirical findings. In the initial part of the analysis the international market selection is presented and discussed before it culminates in the authors chosen target market. The latter part of the analysis addresses the risk management SMEs is faced with when placing offshore production in an emerging market.The conclusion provides the reader with the chosen target market for the case company. It also shows that SMEs ought to apply a risk averse mindset when placing their production in an emerging market. The authors finally present suggestions for further research regarding SMEs ventures to place production in emerging markets.
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Swart, Theodor Crous. "International market selection : a South Africa-Asean case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52893.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African exports increased substantially during recent years and were assisted by the depreciation of the Rand. During this time exports to the European Union and the United States blossomed, but proportionally exports to the growing region of South East Asia still remained at a low level. The major global players consider the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) as an important trading partner in global trade, but the South African market share is minimal in the ASEAN market. The question that now has to be answered is: do opportunities exist for South African exporters in ASEAN or is it due to a lack of opportunities that exports are at the current level? In investigating the opportunities for South African exporters in ASEAN, it is important to know what approach should be followed to select an attractive country for a product or a product group. Therefore this study is aimed at proving an insight into the concept of international market selection and to highlight the approaches in international market selection that could benefit South African exporters. This study also investigates the influence of ASEAN as a regional organisation in global trade and its relationship with South Africa. An overview is given of the regionalism trend and the major regional organisations important in this regard. The political approaches that ASEAN's major trading partners followed to enhance trade are also investigated in order to re-evaluate the South Africa's current relationship with ASEAN. In order to enhance trade, the advantages ASEAN has to offer are also highlighted. Based on previous research literature on international market selection and against the background of the regionalism trend in global trade, a new international market selection model will be developed in this study for South African and international use. This will provide SA exporters with a systematic approach that will enable them to select the most attractive countries for their products or product groups in the global arena. In order to understand the practical application of the model, South Africa as the exporting country and ASEAN as the importing region will be used as a case study. The model will identify the most attractive countries for each of South Africa's product groups according to the 96 chapters of the Harmonised Commodity Description System (HS) linked to product groups and industries based on actual trade data. Based on South Africa's competitive export advantage in the 96 chapters of the HS linked to product groups and industries, opportunities will be identified in the most attractive countries in ASEAN selected by the international market selection model.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrikaanse uitvoere het aansienlik gestyg die afgelope paar jaar en was veral bygestaan deur die depresiasie van die Rand. Gedurende hierdie tydperk het uitvoere na die Europese Unie en die Verenigde State van Amerika die hoogty gevier, maar proporsioneel het uitvoere na die groeiende streek van Suidoos-Asië nog steeds op 'n lae vlak gebly. Die vernaamste globale spelers beskou die Assosiasie van Suidoos-Asiese Nasies (ASEAN) as 'n belangrike handelsvennoot in globale handel, maar Suid-Afrika se markaandeel in die ASEAN mark is minimaal. Die vraag wat nou beantwoord moet word is as volg: Bestaan daar geleenthede vir Suid-Afrikaanse uitvoerders in ASEAN of is dit as gevolg van 'n tekort aan geleenthede dat uitvoere huidiglik op hierdie vlak is? In die ondersoek na geleenthede vir Suid-Afrikaanse uitvoerders in ASEAN, is dit belangrik om te weet watter benadering gevolg moet word om die mees aantreklike land te selekteer vir 'n produk of produkgroep. Daarom is die studie daarop gerig om insigte te verskaf oor die konsep van internasionale markseleksie en om die benaderings uit te lig in internasionale markseleksie wat Suid-Afikaanse uitvoerders kan bevoordeel. Die studie ondersoek ook die invloed van ASEAN as 'n regionale organisasie in globale handel en hul verhouding met Suid-Afrika. 'n Oorsig word gegee oor die regionale tendens in internasionale handel en die vernaamste regionale organisasies wat belangrik is in hierdie verband. Die politieke benaderings van ASEAN se vernaamste handelsvennote om hul handel te bevorder word ook ondersoek om Suid-Afrika se huidige verhouding met ASEAN te herevauleer. Om handel te bevorder word die voordele wat ASEAN kan bied ook uitgelig. 'n Nuwe internasionale markseleksie model word ontwikkel in hierdie studie vir Suid- Afrikaanse en internasional verbruik teen die agtergrond van regionalisme en wat gebaseer is op vorige navorsings literatuur oor internasionale markseleksie. Dit sal Suid-Afrikaanse uitvoerders 'n sistematiese benadering verskaf wat hulle in staat sal stel om die mees aantreklike lande vir hulle produkte en produkgroepe globaal te selekteer. Om die praktiese toepassing van die model te verstaan, sal Suid-Afrika as die uitvoerland en ASEAN as die invoerstreek gebruik word as 'n gevallestudie. Die model sal die mees aantreklike lande identifiseer vir elk van Suid-Afrika se produkgroepe volgens die 96 Hoofstukke van die "Harmonised Commodity Description System" (HS) wat verbind kan word met produkgroepe gebaseer op bestaande handelsdata. Geleenthede in die mees aantreklike lande in ASEAN wat deur die internationale markseleksie model selekteer is, word identifiseer gebaseer op SUid-Afrika se kompeterende uitvoervoordeel in die 96 Hoofstukke van die HS wat verbind kan word aan produkgroepe.
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Håkansson, Modin Martin, and Gustaf Olofsson. "The International Market Selection Process of Multinational Enterprises Expanding to Transition Economy Markets." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138043.
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The International Market Selection (IMS)process, where firms choose which new market(s) to expand to, is highly important as choosing the right market is paramount to the internationalizing firm’s success. There are benefits in understanding how firms evaluate and select new markets, both for firms with less international experience looking for guidance in their IMS process, as well as for external stakeholders with an interest in attracting companies to a certain market. Despite its importance, there is a lack of empirical research within the field of IMS research, in particular which selection criteria firms take into account in their decisions, thus becoming the focus of this paper –delimited to multinational enterprises in transition economies. The IMS process has been suggested to either follow a systematic approach, where the process is formalized and objective, or an unsystematic approach which allows for subjectivity to influence the decision. However, it is argued that elements from both approaches will be included in the IMS process for any given firm. As such, this study aims to explore how elements of respectively the systematic and unsystematic approach to IMS act as selection criteria in multinational enterprises’ choice of transition economy market. In order to circumvent the IMS research gap, literature on Foreign Direct Investment location theory, where the market itself is the unit of analysis rather than the firm, was instead studied in order to hypothesize which formal criteria impact the market decision. This was complemented with articles on the topic of psychic distance and firm network to cover the unsystematic approach to IMS. To test these hypotheses, multinational enterprises active in the region of focus were interviewed to collect primary data. The findings of this study provide strong support that firms move toward an increasingly formalized, systematic approach to IMS as their international experience increases. However, even larger firms with more formal processes do at times diverge from the sein order to make use of opportunities stemming from their network. In regards to the formal process, it is found that firms mostly focus on the pure economic aspects of the transition economy markets, rather than evaluating institutional factors closely. These institutional aspects instead appear to act as hygiene factors, required to reach some minimum level for international firms to consider the market in the first place. However, the institutional and economic aspects are believed to be interrelated. As such, when considering one, the other is also implicitly evaluated. Which specific elements that are evaluated in the IMS process is found to depend on several variables. First, the motive of the firm is one of the main determinants, with market-seeking firms looking at the market potential and competitive situation on the market, whereas resource-seeking firms instead are interested in the best trade-off between availability and cost of the resource in question. Secondly, whether or not the firm has a strong focus on import and/or export for its business, relevant for firms of both motives, also impact which criteria are evaluated more closely in the process. Lastly, additional, industry-specific elements may be added to the evaluation process to account for the specific circumstances of said industry. Mapping out these industry-specific factors is a suggested topic for further research, as is exploring what constitutes the minimum levels required by the firms with regards to institutional factors.
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Råberg, Johan, and Max Hedenbergh. "International Market Selection among Swedish retailers : An exploratory study of how Swedish international retailers identify and select foreign markets." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123348.
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In the wake of globalization, an increasing amount of firms must consider internationalization strategies to remain competitive. The strategic decision of where to expand is complex by nature. This is particularly true for retailers, and despite this being generally accepted, relatively little is in fact known about retailers ́ choice of foreign markets. Hence, this study investigates international market selection (IMS) strategies of Swedish retailers with global operations. The purpose of this study is twofold; first, to explore which criteria Swedish retailers use upon making international market selection decisions and investigate the relative importance among these criteria. Second, to assess the possibilities of creating a weighted IMS model for retailers, which can be use as guidance for marketing practitioners. The research questions which will be answered are: How do Swedish international retailers select foreign markets? What are the possibilities of creating a weighted IMS model for retailers? The study embraces a qualitative strategy with an exploratory research approach and a multiple case study design. Through extensive literature review, a conceptual framework is constructed, and subsequently developed, post gaining insight in practitioners’ reasoning. The empirical data was gathered through interviews with managers of Swedish retailers with international presence, as well as strategy consultants who routinely work with strategy conformation for Swedish retailers. Our findings show that criteria which influence IMS decisions among Swedish retailers are quite similar among firms and can be arranged under three main categories; market attractiveness, psychic distance and internal factors. Moreover, as a result of the empirical findings, we suggest previous IMS research lack one important factor which influences the IMS decisions, namely “gut-feeling”/coincidence. The relative importance among factors proved to vary among firms. Consequently, four concepts aiming at explaining the variations were developed. The four concepts include firm size, firm objective, industry of the firm, and ownership structure. Finally, with support from respondents, we arrived at a conclusion suggesting that construction of a weighted IMS model for all types of retailers is unfeasible. However, if the scope is limited to only include firms of similar characteristics as proposed by the four concepts, such model could potentially yield solid validity.
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Martins, David Miguel Ramos. "Market selection and market entry recommendations for a non-profit organization's first international venture." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10024.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis Work Project studies the internationalization of non-profit organizations and applies it by developing recommendations for Social Entrepreneurship Institute‟s (IES) first international venture. A model of foreign market selection was used to choose among eight foreign potential markets based on a proximity approach. A market analysis on the selected market was performed to obtain the best decision regarding entry mode. This study concludes that Spain is the market considered to have more proximity with Portugal and therefore less risk for an international expansion. In the case analyzed, a non-equity joint venture is pointed as the safest entry mode.
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Ting, Tsan-kau Chris, and 丁燦球. "International market selection in Asia Pacific Region: air conditioning service industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269266.
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Ting, Tsan-kau Chris. "International market selection in Asia Pacific Region : air conditioning service industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20622867.
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Bürki, Thomas. "The Role of Emerging Markets in the International Market Selection Process the Case of Metro Group /." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05606967101/$FILE/05606967101.pdf.
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Gould, Richard Robert, and RichardGould@ozemail com au. "International market selection-screening technique: replacing intuition with a multidimensional framework to select a short-list of countries." RMIT University. Social Science & Planning, 2002. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081125.145312.
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The object of this research was to develop an international market screening methodology which selects highly attractive markets, allowing for the ranges in diversity amongst organisations, countries and products. Conventional business thought is that, every two to five years, dynamic organisations which conduct business internationally should decide which additional foreign market or markets to next enter. If they are internationally inexperienced, this will be their first market; if they are experienced, it might be, say, their 100th market. How should each organisation select their next international market? One previous attempt has been made to quantitatively test which decision variables, and what weights, should be used when choosing between the 230 countries of the world. The literature indicate that a well-informed selection decision could consider over 150 variables that measure aspects of each foreign market's economic, political, legal, cultural, technical and physical environments. Additionally, attributes of the organisation have not been considered when selecting the most attractive short-list of markets. The findings presented in the dissertation are that 30 criteria accounted for 95 per cent of variance at cross-classification rates of 95 per cent. The weights of each variable, and the markets selected statistically as being the most attractive, were found to vary with the capabilities, goals and values of the organisation. This frequently means that different countries will be best for different organisations selling the same product. A
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Sheridan, John V. (John Vincent) 1960 Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "An Examination of international market selection methods in small and medium-sized technology firms." Ottawa.:, 1988.
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E, Taji Nabil, and Samed Zaatra. "The influence of culture on the selection process of international market and entry mode." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25830.
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Title: The influence of culture on the selection process of international market and entry mode. Level: Master Thesis in Business Management Authors: Samed Zaatra & Nabil Al-Taji Supervisor: Professor Ehsanul Huda Chowdhry, Ph.D. Examiner: Professor Maria Fregidou-Malama, Ph.D. Date: June 2017 Aim: The study aims to investigate the influence of cultural similarities when business entities decide to expand their business and enter a new market and it also focuses on the selecting process of the entry modes in regard to the cultural similarity. Methodology: Qualitative case study conducting semi-structured interviews as a main source for the primary data and support it with the pervious and current theoretical framework as the secondary data collection. Findings: Many factors have an influence on the selection process of entry mode, and they are all connected to each other in some way. The main important factors are the level of risk and level of commitment. The cultural differences and similarities have an influence on the selection process of entry mode, which the more similarities, the lower risk, and vice versa. Contribution: This Study provides better understanding of the effect of culture similarity & entry modes. This study also contributes to the general business environment by which, all companies despite the fact of the size or the product line they have, they all should be aware of many opportunities and threats surrounding them when deciding to enter a new market. The study generates a viewpoint of using the similarity as a motivation for starting a business in a similar market. Result & Conclusions: We figured out in this research that the culture similarity has no influence on the motive behind expanding and entering new markets since the motive for companies to expand is the growth of market share, sales, and profit. On the other hand, cultural similarities and low physical distance along with an opportunity in the market is a significant motive that pushes companies toward expanding, and it will increase the companies’ experiences and the possibility of success in the culturally different market and a market with a high physical distance. Limitations: This study approach is qualitative, i.e. a limited number of companies are investigated. On the other hand, the small amount of the secondary data that was available in regards the topic was rear. Also, regarding the geographical distance between the country that we conducted the study at ‘Sweden’ and ‘Egypt’ where the headquarter of Dawlia21 is, also we only Skype interviews, it would be more reliable if it were face to face interviews. Suggestions for future research: Cultural similarity would be the main topic to consider in the field of investigation as long as there are not too many academic articles about it, so we suggest for more focus on the area of cultural similarities. The second part that would be an interesting to study would be the African market as a general and each country as accurate because we believe as researchers that the time will come, and this market will improve and get better on the economic and business levels.
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Gavefalk, Sofia, and Ludwig Widén. "International market selection : Assessing opportunities in the European Union for a mHealth consumer medical device start-up." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188829.
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To date, there are no existing models for evaluating foreign markets, adapted to mobile health (mHealth) consumer medical device (CMD) start-ups seeking to launch their products or services in new countries. This calls for the development of a suitable international market selection (IMS) model that captures the complexity of and opportunities for mHealth. mHealth is a sub-segment of electronic health (eHealth), which furthermore is part of the wider phenomenon of digital health. mHealth covers medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices. This paper proposes a multidimensional IMS model comprising both macro and micro level factors. Our specialized approach integrates tools and theories by a number of researchers and is showcased in the assessment of the European Union (EU) for the mHealth CMD company AdhereBox. AdhereBox is a Swedish start-up that has developed a CMD consisting of a “smart” pillbox and a complementary mobile software application. We propose a number of dimensions that should be evaluated when assessing the potential of the different EU health care markets in regards to mHealth CMD start-ups. Our suggested approach includes factors which are categorized into two groups of parameters: (i) stakeholders (which comprises consumers, providers, payers, distributors and collaborators) and (ii) barriers & enablers (consisting of incentives, reimbursement models, technological infrastructure, regulations and existing solutions). In summary, our study identifies critical factors that mHealth CMD start-ups should consider when evaluating foreign markets in an IMS. By applying our IMS model on AdhereBox, we illustrate how our model can be used, its parameters assessed and the interdependencies between these analyzed in order to arrive at a set of recommendations for further market analysis and conclusions on country attractiveness. As such, we believe that our research could provide valuable insights and guidelines for firms within mHealth seeking to expand their business within the EU, as well as for governmental organizations that want to better leverage and stimulate the potentials of a flourishing domestic mHealth ecosystem.
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Collazos, Nieves Rosalita, and Alexander Pers. "Ready for take-off : A study of international market selection of Swedish SMEs in the knowledge-intensive service sector." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325796.
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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the service sector have gained highly important roles in the strive for growth and economic welfare. World economy changes creates both international business opportunities and pressure for small and medium enterprises to internationalise. International market selection (IMS) is considered the most vital decision when creating an internationalisation strategy. Nevertheless, the lack of both research attention and empirical insights has created a knowledge gap. Investigate how Swedish SMEs in the knowledge-intensive service sector perform their IMS. By answering the research question, this study will contribute to greater understanding in both theory and practice. The purpose is to add to theory in the field as well as contribute with an additional IMS model for this specific firm type. Through examination of previous research, three main approaches to IMS have been identified: systematic, non-systematic and relationship. The research was assessed through a qualitative design, using semi- structured interviews with five representatives from different companies. The results demonstrates the importance of maintaining and creating relationships for the IMS-process. Combining previous research, insights from practitioners and empirical findings, a size and industry specific IMS- model was developed named the Boarding Step Model.
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Van, Coller Sunel. "Entry mode selection of multinational enterprises entering high risk countries in sub-Saharan Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60522.
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Throughout the years, different theories and models have been developed regarding
multi-national enterprises' (MNEs') entry into foreign markets. One such model is the
Organisational Model, identifying three different types of enterprise, each selecting a
different mode of market entry during foreign market expansion. These are: massproduction
enterprises, disaggregate-production enterprises and project-based
enterprises. This model was based on studies focusing mainly on the US, Europe
and Asia. Research indicates, however, that MNEs increasingly identify sub-Saharan
Africa (SSA) as a region for possible expansion. In view of persistent risk within the
SSA region, this study's focus is on determining which entry modes MNEs use when
entering a perceived high-risk market in SSA.
This research study focused on MNEs that have expanded or are currently
expanding into a perceived high-risk country in SSA. A qualitative research design
was selected, applying an in-depth case study analysis to six different MNEs two MNEs representing each type of enterprise as categorised by the Organisational
Model. Semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with each participant.
Each interview focused on elements relating to the MNE's perception of, and
approach to selecting entry mode into, high-risk markets.
Findings predominantly did not find support for the Organisational Model, indicating
that MNEs entering perceived high-risk markets in SSA preferred different entry
mode strategies and approached risk consideration differently. Some findings did
confirm the literature, by indicating that MNEs consider country risk when entering a
foreign market in SSA.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Business Management
MCom
Unrestricted
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Douch, Mustapha. "Essays on firm performance, agglomeration and international trade." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27620.
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Bernhardsson, Bianca, Max Klamkin, and Albin Lindsjö. "The Swedish path to retail expansion : a multiple case study of swedish retailers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86292.
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The purpose of this thesis is to study Swedish retailers in order to find out which factors are the most crucial and influencing when it comes to international market selection. We as authors could find studies about international market selection, but not a single one regarding why Swedish MNEs choose to enter certain markets. We as authors therefore see a need for a better understanding of which factors have the greatest influence over market selection. The literature review that has been established in this study includes theories related to behavioristics, economics, risk and entry modes. By using an abductive approach and interviewing both large firms like H&M and IKEA, as well as smaller companies like Clas Ohlson and Happy Socks, our results shows that the important factors differ depending on the company size. The analysis chapter also involves a discussion of the different entry modes of the four firms and how they could come to affect the internationalization process. This qualitative multi case research will serve as a foundation for firms aiming for international expansion and for people who wish to educate themselves further on how Swedish firms internationalize and why. It will also generate new research questions for future researchers to study whilst informing them of why this particular research gap is important to fill.
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Arvnäs, Julia, and Sofia Svensson. "Outdoorbranschen - den jordnära vägen till internationell verksamhet : En studie om internationella marknadsval." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167508.
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Bakgrund Intresset för friluftsliv ökar markant inom Sverige. Det finns en enorm efterfrågan på svenska outdoorprodukter som är kända för sin kvalitet, design och funktionalitet -de har ett mycket gott rykte utomlands. Internationalisering blir en allt större del i outdoorföretagens verksamheter. Trots att valet av internationell marknad är ett av de mest centrala beslutenhar det gjorts förhållandevis lite forskning på området. Det är därför av betydelse att genomföra en studie med kvalitativ metodologi som på ett djupare och mer ingående sätt förklarar de svenska outdoorföretagens strategi vid internationella marknadsval. Vilken blir nästa marknad att träda in på och varför? Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med ökad förståelse för hur svenska outdoorföretag väljer internationella marknader. Metod Denna studie är en kvalitativ flerfallsstudie där sex svenska outdoorföretag har studerats. Vidare har insamlingen av empirin genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien vidtar ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv med en abduktiv forskningsansats. Slutsats I slutsatsen kan det konstateras att de svenska outdoorföretagen väljer ny internationell marknad genom olika strategier. Beslutsfattandeprocessen skiljer sig något företagen emellan, en del tenderar att vara med rationella i sina beslut, medan andra företag fattar beslut grundat på intuition. Studien undersöker företagens ställningstagande till det psykiska avståndet, i form av geografiska-, kulturella-, ekonomiska-och institutionella skillnader, där företagen är eniga. Det geografiska och kulturella avståndet har knappt någon betydelse förvalet av marknad medan ekonomiska- och institutionella skillnader kan vara direkt avgörande. De centrala egenskaper som har identifierats för att kunna expandera till en ny marknad är att ha ett starkt varumärke, erfarenhet och mänskligt kapital. Genom att besvara studiens frågeställningar uppfyller studien syftet att bidra med ökad förståelse för hur svenska outdoorföretag väljer nya internationella marknader.BACKGROUND The interest in outdoor life is significantly growing in Sweden. There is a huge demand for Swedish outdoor products as they are known for their high quality, design and functionality - they have a very good reputation abroad. Internationalisation is becoming an increasingly important part of the companies’ operations. Although the international market selection is one of the most important decisions for them, little research has been done within this area. Therefore, it is important to conduct a qualitative study that explains the Swedish outdoor companies’ strategy in international market selection, in a deeper and more detailed perspective. Which market will be the next one to enter – and why? AIM The aim of this study is to contribute to an increased understanding of how Swedish outdoor companies select new international markets. METHODOLOGY This study is a qualitative case study in which six Swedish outdoor companies have been studied. Furthermore, the collection of the empirical data was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The study takes a hermeneutic perspective with an abductive research approach. CONCLUSION In the conclusion it can be stated that Swedish outdoor companies choose new international markets in different ways. The decision-making process differs between the studied companies. Some tend to be more rational in their decisions, while others make decisions based on intuition. The study examines the companies’ attitude to the psychic distance, in terms of geographical, cultural, economic and institutional differences, where the companies are agreed. The geographical and cultural distance has barely any meaning for the choice of a new market, while economic and institutional differences can be decisive. The key characteristics that have been identified as crucial for the expansion into a new market, are a strong brand and brand equity, experience and human capital. By answering the research questions, the study fulfills the purpose of contributing to an increased understanding of how Swedish outdoor companies select new international markets
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Gunnarsson, Annica. "The selection of entry modes when penetrating a foreign market : A research study on the education institutes choice of entry mode." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12170.
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Abstract Thesis title: The selection of entry mode when penetrating a foreign market Author: Annica Gunnarsson Tutor: Åsa Devine Course: Marketing, advanced level, spring term 2011, Linnaeus University Entering a new market is always a risky business, with a big potential of failure. To research the options of entry strategy can help in determine which strategy to use. The international market of education has changed during the last years, and in Sweden we just had one big change when the introduction of tutoring fees was determined. This has forced the universities out on unfamiliar territory. This new territory consists of competing on a much bigger market than before and the need to develop a new international marketing strategy has occurred. The research on entry modes from a manufacturing perspective is extensive and therefore this research deals with the entry modes from a service perspective. The aim of this study is to gain better understanding of the selection of entry modes from a service institutes perspective. Furthermore the research is limited to investigating the education sector and how they use entry mode when wanting to establish them on a new market. The research is done through seven different interviews. The universities are located both in Sweden and abroad. This method where chosen because the goal is to find out how the universities is enter new markets. The findings are based on the factors that determined international marketing strategy and how the respondents have answered the questions. How the universities work with the changes they experience is also a factor in the decision making process on which international strategy to use. The main findings of the study are that the entry mode education institutes most often use is some sort of international joint venture.
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Nilsson, Peter. "Internationalisation of Swedish SMEs : A Multiple-Case Study on How Swedish SMEs Can Expand to International Markets." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79351.
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The need for Swedish SMEs to expand beyond their limited domestic market grows, spurred on by fading barriers to international trade. Often consisting mainly of engineers without marketing experience, the SMEs cannot afford to recruit expertise in internationalisation. The international business environment is complex, and attempting to internationalise through trial and error, often ends poorly. To remedy this, the objectives of this study has been: To explore and compare how Swedish SMEs expand to other markets. To identify which factors in this expansion pose the largest problems to Swedish SMEs. To assure that these objectives were fulfilled, two research questions were formulated: RQ1: What is the internationalisation pattern for Swedish SMEs? RQ2: What are the main problems encountered by Swedish SMEs when expanding their market from domestic to international? The study has been exploratory and descriptive, taking a deductive approach. The research strategy has been multiple holistic case studies. Data was collected qualitatively through semi-structured interviews and analysed through within-case analysis and cross-case analysis. The main findings show that SMEs are increasingly strategic and systematic with time, and that advice given by the interviewed subject revolved around being strategic and systematic from an earlier stage. It also seems that SMEs are fairly systematic in market selection and customer acquisition, and that market entry occurs in many different ways. Furthermore, branding revolves around appearing trustworthy and “larger than they actually are.” Strategies for employer branding seems lacking in all but the most mature SMEs. Also, strong strategic partners are a valuable tactic for long-term success. The practical implications revolve around the importance of being systematic and strategic from the start, highlighting the importance of larger strategic partners, and focusing on relationships with customers, and what value the SME can offer them.
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Tunbjer, Michael, and Marion Jarne. "Foreign Market Analysis : Should Oriflame Enter France?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-467.
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The global marketplace today encompasses 6 billion people. Many companies are beginning to see themselves as international rather than national acting on a global arena. An essential aspect of going abroad is to know where to go and why to go there. In order to be able to analyze a foreign market a company needs to do market research in the foreign market as to gather essential information. A firm which is facing a quick internationalization process is the Swedish direct sales firm of cosmetics Oriflame. Oriflame has grown quickly in developing countries but is not present in one of the biggest market for direct sales in Europe: France.
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a theoretical framework to analyze foreign markets and apply it to the French market of direct sales in cosmetics and Oriflame.
A qualitative study based on the 5 Cs framework for analyzing foreign markets has been carried out. Seven focus groups have been conducted in France and Sweden in order to obtain information about and comparability in consumer attitudes towards Oriflame’s marketing mix. Interviews have been conducted in order to get information about Oriflame as a company. Secondary data has been gathered from different sources for the theoretical framework as well as for the empirical research on issues such as culture, competition and market.
This thesis has developed a theoretical framework to analyze foreign markets called the 5 Cs. The 5 Cs are based on: Company, Constitution, Competition, Customers and Culture. The 5 Cs is a very general framework and can be applied to a wide range of foreign markets and firms and was in this case applied to analyze a real world case of Oriflame and France. The analysis of the empirical findings found that there is potential for Oriflame to enter the French market in terms of consumer preferences and general market characteristics. However, it also found that what will probably determine everything in the end is whether Oriflame can be strategically committed to enter a mature West European market like France.
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Bodin, Martin, and Fredrik Molander. "Val av internationell marknad för internetföretag." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69975.
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Syfte – Att skapa förståelse för hur internationell marknad framgångsrikt kan väljas för internetföretag genom att beskriva och identifiera tillvägagångssätt för val av internationell marknad. Metod – Kvalitativ fallstudie där elva semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på olika internetföretag som valt internationell marknad. Resultat - Två olika strategier för att välja internationell marknad identifierades. 1) hagelböss-strategi som innebär mindre analys men att fler länder testas än i 2) prickskytt-strategi. De tre parametrarna 1) befolkningsmängd, 2) betalsystem och 3) psykologiskt avstånd är dominerande i en hagelböss-strategi. I en prickskytt-strategi dominerar elva olika parametrar utöver de tre som kan studeras vid en hagelböss-strategi. Tre kostnadsdrivare identifierades som kan förklara när företag kan använda de olika strategierna, där hagelböss-strategin kan användas vid lägre internationaliseringskostnader och prickskytt-strategin när internationaliseringskostnaderna är högre. Teoretiska implikationer – Studien bidrar till att öka förståelsen kring hur internetföretag kan välja internationell marknad där mycket av tidigare forskning vidareutvecklats och andra delar bekräftats. Ett avgörande och viktigt tillägg till tidigare forskning är de i resultatet genererade strategierna som kan bidra till att internetföretag mer framgångsrikt välja kan internationell marknad. Dessutom utvecklas kunskap om vilka parametrar som kan vara centrala för hur internetföretag kan välja internationell marknad och hur dessa kan tillämpas. Praktiska implikationer - För internetföretag ökar studien förståelse för när de olika strategierna kan användas där kostnaderna för internationalisering kan avgöra vilken strategi som är fördelaktig att använda för att välja internationell marknad. Dessutom presenteras parametrar som kan studeras vid val av internationell marknad för de båda strategierna där varje företag kan basera dessa parametrar på sina egna egenskaper.Purpose - To create an understanding of how international markets can be successfully selected for internet companies by describing and identifying approaches for selecting international markets. Method - Qualitative case study where eleven semi structured interviews were conducted on various internet companies that have previously selected international market. Results - Two different strategies for selecting international markets were identified. 1) shotgun strategy that involves less analysis but testing of more countries than 2) sniper strategy. The three parameters 1) population, 2) payment systems and 3) psychological distance are dominant in a shotgun strategy. In a sniper strategy, eleven different parameters dominate in addition to the three that can be studied when using a shotgun strategy. Three cost drivers were identified that can explain when companies can use the different strategies, where the shotgun strategy can be used when having lower internationalization costs and the sniper strategy when internationalization costs are higher. Theoretical implications - The study helps to increase the understanding of how internet companies can select an international market where much of previous research has been further developed and other parts confirmed. A crucial and important addition to previous research are the result-generated strategies that can help internet companies more successfully select international market. In addition, knowledge is extended regarding which parameters can be central to how internet companies can select international market and how these parameters can be applied. Practical implications - For internet companies, the study increases the understanding of when the different strategies can be used, where costs for internationalization can determine which strategy is beneficial to use in selecting international market. In addition, parameters that can be studied in selecting the international market for the two strategies are presented, where each company can choose among these parameters based on their own characteristics.
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Jílková, Lucie. "Strategie firmy při vstupu na zahraniční trhy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15972.
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The thesis comprises of three principal parts. The first part summarizes theoretical backround in the field of international markets expansion. It describes strategic management process as well as individual forms of international martets entry. The second part analyzes ČEZ Group strategy. The individual chapters assess recent activities of the company in domestic and international markets. The third part is dedicated to the analysis of a concrete business case, i.e. Turkey.
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Belloque, Guilherme Garcia. "Estimativa do prêmio pelo risco país com a aplicação do modelo AEG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-23102008-152957/.
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A crescente integração econômica e mobilidade de capital levam a uma maior exposição dos investidores a riscos externos. Com isso, ganha relevância a discussão sobre como se considerar, no cálculo do custo de capital, possíveis prêmios requeridos pelos riscos adicionais da realização de negócios em mercados emergentes. A existência de um adicional de risco é relativamente evidente, podendo ser constatada pela maior volatilidade que grande parte dos mercados acionários emergentes possuem em relação a mercados maduros, como o norte-americano. Entretanto, a existência de um prêmio requerido por esse risco adicional é menos óbvia e sua observação empírica, por dados passados, usualmente não gera resultados conclusivos. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa aborda o prêmio pelo risco país no mercado acionário brasileiro, apresentando as formas mais usualmente aplicadas para estimá-lo e discutindo sobre a possibilidade de eliminá-lo através da diversificação dos investimentos. A maior contribuição realizada está na aplicação do modelo de valoração de ativos AEG (Abnormal Earnings Growth) para se estimar esse prêmio. O AEG torna viável o cálculo do custo de capital implícito nas as expectativas de resultados futuros divulgadas por instituições financeiras em mídias especializadas. O prêmio pelo risco país foi, então, estimado através do diferencial entre o custo de capital das principais empresas brasileiras e o custo de capital de um grupo de empresas comparáveis norte-americanas, ambos calculados pelo AEG. Identificou-se um custo de capital maior em 2,09% (209 basis points) para as empresas brasileiras, que se mostrou estatisticamente significante. Esse resultado comprova empiricamente a existência de um prêmio específico do mercado brasileiro, indicando que ainda existem barreiras à diversificação internacional dos riscos domésticos. Adicionalmente, a estimativa ficou bastante próxima do prêmio pelo risco soberano brasileiro, o que valida a sua ampla utilização como proxy do prêmio do mercado acionário.The increasing economic integration and capital mobility among countries lead investors to be more exposed to external risks. That grants relevance to the discussion on how to consider, in the cost of equitys estimation, premiums for additional risks of businesses performed in emergent markets. The existence of an additional risk in these markets is relatively clear, what is demonstrated by higher volatilities that the majority of emergent stock markets presents if compared to mature markets. Nevertheless, the existence of a risk premium is less obvious and its empirical observation, applying historical data, usually doesnt produce any conclusive result. Within this framework, the present research approaches the country risk premium in the Brazilian stock market, introducing the most usual means to estimate it and discussing about the potential elimination of the country risk through investment diversification. The greatest contribution of this research is the application of the Abnormal Earnings Growth Model (AEG) to estimate the country risk premium. AEG makes viable the inference of the cost of equity implied in future earnings expectations, published by financial institutions through specialized media. The country risk premium was, then, estimated through the difference between the implied cost of equity of the main Brazilian public companies and the implied cost of equity of a comparable north-American group of companies, both calculated using the AEG. Was perceived a cost of equity higher in 2,09% (209 basis points) for the Brazilian companies, what was shown statistically significant. This result proofs the existence of a country risk premium for the Brazilian market, indicating that there are still some barriers to the international diversification of domestic risks. Additionally, this result is very close to the default risk premium of the Brazilian government bonds, which validates its vast usage as a proxy of the country risk premium applied for the Brazilian stock market.
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Deal, Darrah, and Sofie Mälstad. "The Internationalization Process of a Hybrid Firm : An Explorative Study of a Swedish SME." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256687.
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Our master dissertation pursued the research question of what the internationalization process of a hybrid firm would look like. To do so, the authors performed an in-depth analysis of a Swedish SME which exhibited characteristics of a hybrid firm. These hybrid firms, as we have named them, use a mixed range of internationalization strategies. An abductive method of research was used in this thesis, as the authors took direction from previous literature and created their own new internationalization process model based on their findings. The main areas of this research focused on the drivers for internationalization and the barriers to internationalization, as well as the market selection and entry mode into foreign countries. This research found that the Swedish SME base their internationalization process on their human resources and the intuition of their management. These two key elements were the foundation for the new hybrid internationalization process model created by the authors.
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Nyarko, Samuel Anokye. "Essays on the Performance, Subsidization and Internationalization of Social Enterprises." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/304819.
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Social enterprises are hybrid organizations that tackle societal challenges by using conventional business models. Being hybrid organizations means that social enterprises pursue dual objectives: social (developmental) and financial. By taking performance, subsidization and internationalization perspectives, this thesis contributes to understanding the hybridity of social enterprises and how this hybridity drives their general operations and key decisions such as foreign market selection and targeting strategy.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Steenkamp, Ermie Annelies. "The identification of export opportunities for South African products with special reference to Africa / Ermie Annelies Steenkamp." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5605.
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This thesis identifies realistic export opportunities for South African products in the rest of the world and specifically in the rest of the African continent. The method chosen to achieve this goal is the Decision Support Model (DSM) developed by Cuyvers et al (1995) and Cuyvers (1997) that was specifically designed to assist export promotion institutions in planning and assessing their export promotion activities. This model is positioned into the international market selection literature and four main refinements to the DSM methodology are introduced to address the limitations of the model and to make it more applicable for the South African international trade conditions. The refined model is then applied to identify product–country combinations with the largest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the world and in the rest of the African continent specifically.
The refinements to the DSM filtering process introduced in this study contribute to the effective use and application of the DSM results by South African exporters and more focused export promotion activities by South African export promotion organisations. The four refinements include (i) running the DSM on a HS 6–digit level, (ii) introducing a method to calculate the potential export value of each identified export opportunity in order to prioritise between the product–country combinations identified as realistic export opportunities, (iii) taking the production capacity of South Africa into consideration in order to identify export opportunities that can be pursued immediately due to the country's existing revealed comparative advantage in the production and exportation of these products and (iv) developing a market accessibility index per product–country combination from a South African point of view on a HS 6–digit level in order to make filter 3.2 (barriers to trade) of the DSM applicable for South African conditions.
The results of the application of the refined DSM to identify export opportunities for South Africa in the rest of the world include the top 50 worldwide export opportunities. There are 17 countries in which the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations identified as export opportunities for South Africa are located. These include the United States, Japan, India, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, Germany, Israel, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Singapore, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Italy and Brazil. Mineral products (coal, copper and aviation spirit); transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks); stone/glass (diamonds, platinum and rhodium) and metals (aluminium, iron/steel structures, nickel) are the product classifications within the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations that hold the largest worldwide export potential for South Africa.
In terms of the product–country combinations with the highest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the African continent, there are 18 countries in which the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in the rest of the African continent are located. These include Nigeria, Namibia, Ghana, Morocco, Egypt, Zambia, Tunisia, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mauritius, Tanzania, Senegal, Mozambique, Algeria, Malawi and Cote d'Ivoire. The products with the highest potential export values in the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in Africa include mineral products (aviation spirit, iron ore, sulphur and coal) and transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks weighing less than 5 tons).Thesis (Ph.D. (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Ščuková, Diana. "Výběr vhodného zahraničního trhu pro expanzi společnosti Logio." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262327.
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The master thesis deals with the possibilities of international expansion in case of the Czech company Logio s.r.o that sells consulting services on B2B market. The main objective is to choose a suitable international market for expansion of the company. Futhermore, market analysis and determination of method of market entering are additional objectives of the thesis. The first part deals with the characteristics of the process, which companies should follow during selection of international market, and various forms of entrance. Then, gained findings are used in process of selecting the most suitable international market for expansion of company Logio s.r.o. Selected market is analysed by using Porter model of 5 forces and PESTEL analysis. The variants of international expansion are specified and compared in the end of the thesis and the most suitable method of market entering is chosen with regard to specifics of the company itself.
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Cos, Sánchez Pilar. "La selección y expansión de mercados exteriores en la internacionalización de las empresas catalanas: un análisis empírico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108138.
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En la presente tesis se analiza el comportamiento exportador de la empresa española y de la
industria exportadora catalana en particular, acotando el amplio espectro del análisis de la
internacionalización de las organizaciones y focalizando nuestro estudio en un ámbito específico
que nos ha permitido profundizar en el mismo. De esta forma, en primer lugar se determinan los
factores y el proceso que, según la literatura existente y tras un análisis del comercio
internacional de Cataluña, influyen en las empresas en la selección de mercados exteriores, como
decisión de vital importancia en su internacionalización. Y, en segundo lugar, sobre la base de un
marco teórico y de la revisión de trabajos empíricos, se realiza un análisis de la muestra de la
ESEE correspondiente a las industrias catalanas exportadoras, con el fin de identificar las
características específicas de la empresa y los factores del marketing y del mercado que se
asocian a una mayor diversificación geográfica de las ventas exteriores, para concluir con el
estudio de su influencia sobre el éxito exportador.En aquesta tesi s’analitza el comportament exportador de l’empresa espanyola i de la indústria exportadora catalana en particular, acotant l’ampli espectre de l’anàlisi de la internacionalització de les organitzacions i focalitzant el nostre estudi en un àmbit específic que ens ha permès aprofundir-hi. D’aquesta manera, en primer lloc es determinen els factors i el procés que, segons la literatura existent i després d’una anàlisi del comerç internacional de Catalunya, influeixen en les empreses en la selecció de mercats exteriors, com a decisió de vital importància en la seva internacionalització. I, en segon lloc, sobre la base d’un marc teòric i de la revisió de treballs empírics, es realitza una anàlisi de la mostra de l’ESEE corresponent a les indústries catalanes exportadores, amb la finalitat d’identificar les característiques específiques de l’empresa i els factors del màrqueting i del mercat que s’associen a una major diversificació geogràfica de les vendes exteriors, per concloure amb l’estudi de la seva influència sobre l’èxit exportador.
This thesis analyses the exporting behaviour of Spanish companies and the Catalan export industry in particular, limiting the vast analysis spectrum of the internationalisation of organizations and focusing our study in a particular area that has allowed us to delve deeper into it. Thus, we first determine the factors and process that, according to existing literature and after an analysis of international trade in Catalonia, influence enterprises in the international market selection, as a vital decision in its internationalisation. And, secondly, on the basis of a theoretical context and the review of empirical works, we carry out an analysis of the sample of the ESEE corresponding to Catalan export industries, in order to identify the specific characteristics of the company and the marketing and market factors which are associated with a greater international diversification, concluding with a study of their influence on export success.
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Geringer, J. Michael. "Criteria for selecting partners for joint ventures in industrialized market economies /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8738.
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Füss, Roland. "Emerging Markets im internationalen Portfoliomanagement : Entwicklungsstand, Integrationsgrad und Rendite-Risiko-Verhalten von Aktienmärkten in Schwellenländern /." Bad Soden am Taunus : Uhlenbruch, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/393024032.pdf.
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Wright, Christopher F. "Policy legacies and the politics of labour immigration selection and control : the processes and dynamics shaping national-level policy decisions during the recent wave of international migration." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/237050.
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The two decades preceding the global financial crisis of 2008 saw an increase in international migration flows. This development was accompanied by the relaxation of immigration entry controls for select categories of foreign workers across the developed world. The scale of labour immigration, and the categories of foreign workers granted entry, varied considerably across states. To some extent, these developments transcended the traditional classifications of comparative immigration politics. This thesis examines the reform process in two states with contrasting policy legacies that adopted liberal labour immigration selection and control policies during the abovementioned period. The instrumental role that immigration has played in the process of nation-building in Australia has led it to be classified as a 'traditional destination state' with a positive immigration policy legacy. By contrast, immigration has not been significant in the formation of national identity in the United Kingdom. It has a more negative immigration policy legacy and is generally regarded as a 'reluctant state'. Examining the reasons for liberal shifts in labour immigration policy in two states with different immigration politics allows insights to be gained into the processes of policy-making and the dynamics that underpin it. In Australia, labour immigration controls were relaxed incrementally and through a deliberative process. Reform was justified on the grounds that it fulfilled economic needs and objectives, and was consistent with an accepted definition of the national interest. In the UK, liberal shifts in labour immigration policy were the incidental consequence of the pursuit of objectives in other policy areas. Reform was implemented unilaterally, and in an uncoordinated manner characterised by an absence of consultation. The contrast in the manner in which reform was managed by the various actors, institutions and stakeholders involved in the process both reflected, and served to reinforce, the immigration policy legacies of the two states. Moreover, the Howard government used Australia's positive legacy to construct a coherent narrative to justify the implementation of liberal reform. This generated greater immediate and lasting support for its reforms among stakeholders and the broader community. By contrast, lacking a similarly positive legacy, the Blair government in the UK found it difficult to create such a narrative, which contributed to the unpopularity of its reforms. This thesis therefore argues that policy legacies had a significant impact on the processes and dynamics that shaped labour immigration selection and control decisions during the recent wave of international migration. The cases demonstrate that a nation's past immigration policy experiences shape its policy-making structures, as well as institutional and stakeholder policy preferences, which are core constituent components of a nation's immigration politics. The UK case shows that even when reluctant states implement liberal labour immigration policies, these characteristics tend to create feedback effects that make it difficult for reform to be durable. The relationship between immigration policy and politics thus becomes self-reinforcing. But this does not necessarily mean that states' immigration politics are rigid, since the institutions that help to make a nation's immigration policy and shape its politics will inevitably undergo a process of adaptation in response to changing contexts.
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Fernandes, João Henrique Militão. "Critérios de selecção de parceiros estratégicos em alianças estratégicas internacionais." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18883.
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Mestrado em Economia e Estudos EuropeusDurante as últimas décadas, assistimos à enorme expansão do fenómeno das Alianças Estratégicas Internacionais (AELs), atravessando a economia de forma transversal, numa abrangência de todos os tipos de empresas e actividades, nos mais diversos mercados e regiões. Ao fenómeno não é alheio o aumento crescente no investimento, induzido pelas novas tecnologias, processos e mercados. Aumentando os custos aumentam os riscos, surgindo as alianças estratégicas como instrumento capaz de induzir acréscimos na capacidade competitiva das empresas, dotando-as de recursos externos essenciais e tornando-as tão populares, merecendo, por isso, uma especial atenção por parte da investigação e literatura sobre gestão estratégica. Mas as alianças falham, apresentando mesmo elevadas taxas de insucesso. A pesquisa a montante das AEfs mostra-se escassa e, contudo, reside aí um factor crítico para o sucesso ou insucesso das alianças: a selecção do parceiro estratégico. O presente trabalho centra a atenção sobre os critérios de selecção de parceiros estratégicos, partindo da análise a empresas portuguesas, cotadas em bolsa, todas elas empenhadas em parcerias estratégicas e com processos de internacionalização em curso. É explorada a importância relativa de um conjunto de hipóteses específicas de critérios de selecção de parceiros estratégicos, e a sua contribuição para o sucesso ou insucesso das AEI entre aquelas empresas. Os resultados obtidos mostram diferenças entre os critérios analisados, contribuindo para a compreensão das escolhas dos parceiros e das expectativas colocadas nas AEI quando as empresas portuguesas se envolvem em processos de internacionalização. O trabalho disponibiliza, igualmente, uma sumarização bastante completa da literatura sobre AEI, podendo constituir-se numa boa plataforma para investigações futuras.
During the past decades, we witnessed a big bang, in what concerns the International Strategic Alliances (ISA), crossing the global economy, among ali types of firms and activities, competing in ali kind of markets and several regions. A substantial part of this gigantic phenomenon derives, directly, from the amazing growing in investments, companies need to do, as part of the development in new technologies, new produets, new markets and processes, increasing the costs, and consequently the risks that firms will occur. Here's the reason to justify such popularity, among firms for ISA. But several ISA fails. The success rate is still widely-cited as being low. There is a lack of ability to study those failures, because the theory is short of scientific approach and books, about ISA's first beginning: the Partner Selection. Using data from a survey of ten of the most important Portuguese firms on the stock market and ali engaged in international alliances, this study explores the relative importance of a set of specific hypothesis of partner selection criteria and is relevant contribution to the success or failure of the ISA, among those Portuguese firms. Results show differences between criteria, contributing to understand the partner selection and the expectations in ISA, and attempts to make a step towards our understanding how Portuguese firms act, when involved in ISA. Furthermore, we develop a conceptual framework of strategic alliances formation which may help in future investigations.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Selosse, Philippe. "Le régime juridique du produit de luxe." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20002/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le produit de luxe n’est pas un bien comme les autres. Ses qualités matérielles et immatérielles lui confèrent une valeur particulière qui oblige son producteur à le vendre dans un environnement commercial adapté. La règle de droit peut-elle considérer cette particularité économique ? Paradoxalement, la France est leader mondiale du marché des produits de luxe, mais nul n’est en mesure d’affirmer avec précision ce qu’est le luxe. Intégrer une notion aussi insaisissable au sein d’un raisonnement juridique semble difficile. Pourtant, les atteintes subies par les titulaires des droits du produit de luxe ont convaincu le juge européen de mettre en place des règles protectrices spéciales. Le but poursuivi est légitime. Il s’agit de protéger les investissements réalisés pour vendre et promouvoir le produit de luxe. Mais cette démarche légale s’appuie sur une méthode de qualification qui n’est pas satisfaisante. L’«aura», le «prestige» ou la «sensation» de luxe qui émanent du produit marqué, sont des critères trop subjectifs pour assurer l’application systématique et cohérente de règles protectrices. C’est pourquoi, outre la démonstration d’un corpus de règles applicables au produit de luxe, il convient d’analyser les fondements de sa reconnaissance par le droit positif, ainsi que l’instauration d’un régime unifié reposant sur des critères de définition précis, prenant en considération les qualités intrinsèques de ce bien particulierThe luxury product is not a product like any other. Its material and immaterial qualities confer a special value that requires its producer to sell it in a proper business environment. The rule of law can it consider this economic feature ? Paradoxically, France is world's leading luxury goods market, but no one is able to state precisely what is luxury. The law seems unsuited to integrate a concept as elusive as luxury. Yet, violations suffered by the owners of luxury product rights have convinced the European judge to set up special protective rules. The aim is legitimate. This is to protect the investments made to sell and promote luxury products. But this legal approach is based on a method of qualification which is not satisfactory. The "will", "prestige" or the "feel" of luxury emanating frombranded product, are too subjective criteria to ensure systematic and consistent implementation of protective rules. Therefore, in addition to the demonstration of a body of rules applicable to the luxury product, it should analyze the foundations of its recognition by positive law and the establishment of a unified system based on criteria precise definition, taking into account the intrinsic qualities of that particular property
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Guedes, Marta. "International market selection of Parfois." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19377.
Full textAbstract:
Parfois has been internationalizing into many countries and would like to continue growing. This study focuses on the IMS of Parfois, comparing countries from the all around the world, in a quantitative analysis at first, followed by a qualitative analysis. The purpose of the project is to help Parfois select the optimal market for expansion. Through semi structured interviews, literature research, and country clustering and ranking methods South Korea was selected as the best market for expansion, followed by Israel.
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Bourke, sandra. "International market selection of Carrefour." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15769.
Full textAbstract:
Carrefour has been internationalizing into many countries and would like to continue growing. This study focuses on the potential future international market selection of Car-refour, comparing countries from the EU and South America, in a quantitative and qual-itative analysis. The purpose of the project is to help Carrefour to find the right market and the right mode to entry. Through semi-structured interviews and a literature research we found out that Sweden has the highest potential to entry with a Venture (Marketing), followed by Austria
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Beunk, Rick. "International partner selection Indian technical textile market." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17343.
Full textAbstract:
Due to a combination of a vast agricultural industry and a tremendously growing
technical textile industry, Ludvig Svensson identified India as target market for possible
expansion through domestic production and supply. However, Svensson needed
additional information about the industry structure and key players. Therefore, this
project focused on a detailed analysis of the technical textile market and its players by
following the international partner selection process. Thereby, five key players were
identified as potential partners, as well as the need for additional research to determine
alternative entry modes, as the market does not currently seem to be receptive for
Svensson products.
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Teixeira, Bruno André Pimenta. "Linking Top Management Teams to International Market Selection." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/86944.
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Teixeira, Bruno André Pimenta. "Linking Top Management Teams to International Market Selection." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/86944.
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Brzoskowska, Emilia Anna. "International market selection : the case of portuguese companies in Poland." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/10569.
Full textAbstract:
There are 108 Portuguese companies in Poland, what makes this Central European country the 5th destiny of Portuguese foreign direct investment. How these companies selected this particular foreign market? The present work seeks to identify the factors that underlie the decision of Portuguese companies while choosing an international market to enter. The empirical basis for this investigation is provided by two in-depth case studies, concerning two Portuguese companies which internationalized to Poland: Mota-Engil SGPS, S.A and ControlVet SGPS, S.A. An extensive literature review about International Market Selection (IMS) has been conducted and, in order to enrich the methodology chosen, additional information sources, such as governmental agencies reports, newspaper reports, firms’ brochures and annual reports were also used. The polish market selection by Mota-Engil and ControlVet suggests that there are two different reasons that made Portuguese companies to choose polish market for their international operations: 1) Poland was selected because of market characteristics and 2) selection of polish market was a firm response to unexpected opportunity. Despite the fact that the IMS process is quite broadly described in the existing literature, this study is the only one that approaches IMS from a perspective of one specific foreign investment destination country as well as one specific investors group. Thus, the findings provide an interesting insight not only for Portuguese companies wishing to expand their operations into international markets, but also for the foreign country governmental or trade institutions, providing them with a set of factors that influence the foreign investment flow into the market. Naturally, the use of case study methodology has its shortcomings, especially in terms of sample size. As such, the findings of this study must be further verified and extended by other cases.
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Pereira, Daniel da Eira. "Internationalization strategy for MyHelpster.com with a focus on international market selection." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15538.
Full textAbstract:
International Market Selection is an important step towards a successful internationalization strategy. This is no different for startup companies like MyHelpster. This work project was intended to help MyHelpster with their internationalization process by completing the IMS portion of it. The IMS process presented in this paper lead to the conclusion that MyHelpster’s next market for expansion should be the USA. In order to find as much success as possible the author suggests being patient and only expanding when the company has the necessary capital, experience and credibility. Both primary and secondary data were used to compile the qualitative and quantitative analyses.
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Saborio, Juan Carlos Madrigal. "EAM International: Market Entry Strategy Evaluation and Partner Selection in Mainland China." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81684500755957823298.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
國際經營管理碩士班(IMBA)
95
This case is intended to be used in an International Business or Strategic Management course to introduce the topic of entry strategy development and evaluation. Victor Yang, founder and Senior Vice President of Strategy and Business Development at Enter Active Media International (EAM), must decide whether or not EAM should enter the China market and if so, work with the executive team to develop an entry strategy. EAM is a privately held company, headquartered in Singapore, which develops and distributes interactive solutions aimed at mobile phone service providers (SP). EAM’s solution, called “Genie” consists of in-store kiosks that are located in every SP’s retail outlet and provide information about service plans and handsets to customers without having to talk to a customer service representative (CSR). On the back end, Genie provides detailed usage and demographic statistics to SPs. Even though EAM has operated successfully in several countries in South East Asia, the Chinese market presents unique challenges. Telecommunications sectors in most South East Asian countries have evolved in a similar way, with government owned monopolies being opened to competition from the private sector. China’s telecommunications sector, however, has evolved in a different way. In China, Provincial Post and Telecommunication Authorities (PTA) independently operate telecommunication networks in every city, which means EAM has to negotiate individual contracts in every city. Intellectual Property (IP) protection is another source of concern for EAM. It is not clear when or even whether China will develop a world-class IP protection system. Several experts believe China will follow the same path as countries such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan, which developed solid IP protection systems as they started producing IP worth protecting. On the other hand, some experts argue that this will never happen, since most R&D efforts in China are aimed at creating derivative technologies in order to avoid paying royalties, not true innovation requiring protection. It is also unclear whether or not there is a demand for EAM’s services in China. Finally, Dr. Thomas Chou, Victor’s partner, had suggested that EAM provide its services as a website and find ways to generate revenue through online advertisement instead of using EAM’s current business model. Victor and the rest of the executive team agree that EAM will enter the China market at one point, but questions remain about the right business model and whether this is the right time. India, Latin America and Eastern Europe seem like safer bets for the time being. Should EAM enter the China market now? If so, what should be their strategy? These are the questions Victor is trying to answer during his trip to Taiwan to finalize a contract with Vibo Telecom, one of the Island’s 3G mobile service provider
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Weiß, Konstantin. "International market selection applied to a foreign direct investment of a SME." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/24133.
Full textAbstract:
The work project “International Market Selection Applied to a Foreign Direct Investment of a
SME” seeks to find a solution to the organizational challenge of Boyens Backservice GmbH,
a German SME, to identify, evaluate and select most preferable markets for a foreign direct
investment. The method follows a three-step approach. First core markets are identified,
which are then evaluated to the general FDI feasibility. This is concluded by an in-depth
market analysis of the top two identified markets. The outcome yields the Czech market as the
most preferable.
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Sousa, Guilherme Manuel Soares dos Santos de Albergaria e. "Jerónimo Martins Group international opportunities : a multinational group market selection decision process." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/16787.
Full textAbstract:
This case study has been designed based on the Jerónimo Martins Group
situation between 2007 and 2011 with the objective of acting as a teaching supplement
in the study of companies’ international opportunities, market selection and the
internationalization decision process utilized to reach an optimal decision for a
company.
Jerónimo Martins was the main Portuguese group in the food retail and
wholesale industry, present in supermarkets, cash & carries and discount stores, and
operating in Poland and Portugal.
In 2011 Portugal was suffering the consequences of an economic recession,
while the Polish food retail market was starting to consolidate, with the Group’s Polish
operations representing more than half of Jerónimo Martins Group’s revenue. This
situation led the Group CEO, together with the Board of Directors, to decide to explore
new market and business opportunities to ensure the Group’s long-term growth. The
Group’s decision process took into account the Jerónimo Martins characteristics,
objectives, strengths and competences in order to define and compare new
opportunities. According to the Group’s strategy specialists, Brazil, Colombia and
Turkey were the final three countries chosen as the most promising markets: one of
them would fulfil the Group’s needs and hopefully ensure its balanced long-term future.
The Jerónimo Martins case was developed using information provided by the
Group and also by international economic institutions so as to provide students with the
most accurate information enabling them to solve the case.
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Correia, Jorge Filipe de Jesus Sousa. "Proposing a model for foreign market selection in the ground engineering slurries industry: the special case of Ground Tech." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/3048.
Full textAbstract:
JEL Classification : M10 - Business Administration, General; M16 – Business
Administration, International Business AdministrationSMEs that develop their business in niche markets need to look to opportunities in other markets (foreign countries) in order to be able to sustain overtime the business growth. This work proposes a model for foreign market selection in the industry of Ground Engineering soil stabilisation slurries. This study based on the Hollensen’s international market selection model, the author proposes an adapted and expanded model for foreign market selection. Above all, the aim of this work is to propose a practical implementation of the model in order to support decision making for foreign market selection.
As PME’s que desenvolvem o seu negócio num nicho de Mercado, precisam de procurar oportunidades em outros mercados (países estrangeiros) no sentido de garantir um crescimento sustentado do negócio ao longo do tempo. Este trabalho, propõe um modelo para selecção de mercados internacionais, na indústria dos fluidos de estabilização de solo para uso em Geotecnia. Com base no modelo de selecção de mercados internacionais de Hollensen, o autor propõe um modelo adaptado e expandido para selecção de mercados internacionais. Acima de tudo, o objectivo deste trabalho é propor uma implementação prática do modelo no sentido de suportar a decisão de selecção de mercados internacionais.
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Wünstel, Stephen. "Target market selection model for e-commerce start-up exemplified by NewCo." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18252.
Full textAbstract:
For e-commerce startups (ECSs) international growth has never been more important than today. In order to venture abroad successfully, ECSs need a model which enables them to select the most attractive markets. The current status of theory and literature is rarely applicable to early stage ECSs. Therefore, this research paper provides a model for the systematic selection of new target markets. Based on existing literature as well as primary and secondary research, this thesis develops a generic target market selection model for ECSs. To verify this model, it is applied to a specific online market place called NewCo.
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LE, ANH-PHUONG, and 黎英芳. "THE APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED DEA FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH: CASE STUDY ON INTERNATIONAL MARKET SELECTION AND FDI EFFICIENCY." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nne7cd.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立高雄科技大學
工業工程與管理系
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Economic growth is one of the core issues of economic development. This is also the top target of all countries in the world. The combination of international market selection (IMS) for export of goods and the assessment of the effectiveness of foreign direct investment (FDI) is the driving force for economic growth, helping to evaluate the economic development efficiency for each country. The aim of this dissertation is to study the economic growth issue in FDI efficiency evaluation and international market selection by applying integrated Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. In terms of international market selection for export of goods, the main goal is to develop an integrated DEA model to explore the most productive Vietnamese exporting of goods to other countries. This case study indicates that developing countries in selection of an international market must comply with low tariff rates, exchange rate, and higher ease of doing business but also be the case for the developing country's government to indulge in improving their exports, in turn, improve the gross domestic product (GDP) and economy of the country. In terms of FDI efficiency evaluation, this study focuses on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model which combines the integrated DEA application and GM (1,1) of FDI and sustainability factors corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending in various developing countries to explore its impact and decision making for sustainable economic growth. This case study helps developing nations as well as researchers to benchmark efficient countries and follow their strategies to develop a new one for utilizing FDI and CSR spending in sustainable economic development. It also helps policymakers in the multi-criterion application of FDI and CSR for decision making in economic development. From the results of these two empirical studies, it is shown that the dissertation has provided an effective research framework and applied well the integrated DEA method for economic growth field. Keyword: MCDM, DEA, GM (1,1), integrated DEA, economic growth, FDI, international market selection, developing countries.
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Cordeiro, Ana Carolina Ferreira. "A proactive approach o XY international expansion." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17198.
Full textAbstract:
This work project was conducted under a Direct Research internship (DRI) that consists on an individual dissertation established on a given organization. DRI has a problem solving format to an empirical question to be addressed, «Which country has the highest potential for the next step of XY internationalization process? ».
In order to achieve the project’s purpose, it was conducted a scanning process using a top-down approach over an initial list of nine countries given by XY. To do so it was developed an international scanning framework based on different domains and weights that allowed to achieve the top two countries with highest potential.
After an in depth analysis over the final set, it was recommended Switzerland as the best country to make the next step of XY internationalization in Europe.
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Bordignon, Tommaso Niccolò. "Increasing international footprint of a natural stone business - in-depth market analysis." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123392.
Full textAbstract:
DPS tones is a Portuguese medium-sized company that works in the Cutting, Shaping and Finishing Stone business. This company has already a significant international footprint, dealing mainly with direct exports. Facing a saturated domestic market, DP aims to extend its’ life cycle and find out new ways to gain competitive advantages. Accordingly, this project will analyse the current and future state of the CSF industry and assess possible target markets for expand to. Afterwards, an entry strategy and marketing plan will be developed as well as a financial plan to evaluate the viability of the project proposed.
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Melo, Miguel de Albuquerque e. "Operationalizing psychic distance International Market Selection based on a knowledge perspective : the case of Miitik, a Portuguese beachwear company." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23255.
Full textAbstract:
Back in the days, Internationalization was a process exclusive to companies of great dimension.
It requires a rather high amount of resources, reason why it was difficult and expensive for
smaller companies to achieve. However, as the years went by, communication channels have
improved and the world has become closer as information costs decreased. Given this,
nowadays not only big multinationals but also Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s)
have increased its operations abroad. If in the past internationalizing was considered an option,
but some support that it has become a necessity given the high market concentration across
many industries. Nevertheless, although it is advantageous to expand operations, it doesn’t
mean it has become an easy process. In fact, SME’s still face several obstacles that must be
considered and tackled.
As an example of the previous lines, I found Miitik. Miitik is a retailing beachwear start-up
based in Portugal. The company started its operations 4 years ago and currently operates only
in Portugal. Although it has sold some products abroad, it is not representative at all in the total
sales. At the moment, the beachwear industry in Portugal is rather saturated both by big
multinationals and also by other small actors, as Miitik. Due to this, Miitik has been struggling
to achieve its financial goals. One of the options would be to internationalize, however the
company is lacking resources and some insights about with countries to chase.
This thesis has the aim to support Miitik with its International Market Selection.No passado, Internacionalização era um processo adoptado essencialmente por grandes multinacionais. Tal acontecia, pois consiste num processo que involve diversos recursos, o que tornava bastante dificil e dispendioso para pequenas empresas de obter. No entanto, com o decorrer dos anos, os canais de comunicação evoluiram bastante, o que levou a que a obtenção de informação se tenha tornado mais fácil e o mundo tenha ficado mais próximo. Posto isto, hoje em dia não apenas as grandes multinacionais, mas também as pequenas e médias empresas têm expandido as suas operações no estrangeiro. Se no passado internacionalização era considerado uma opção, hoje em dia é uma necessidade. Ainda que internacionalizar seja de facto vantajoso, não significa que seja um processo fácil, viste que continuam a existir diversas barreiras no processo. Como exemplo do previamente exposto, temos a Miitik, uma start-up de comércio de fatos de banho sediada em Portugal. A empresa iniciou as suas operarações há 4 anos e atua principalmente no mercado português. Apesar de ter efectuado algumas vendas no estrangeiro, estas não são representativas no total de vendas. Actualmente, a indústria de fatos de banho em Portugal, encontra-se especialmente saturada tanto por grandes multinacionais como por PME’s. Por consequente, a empresa não tem conseguido alcançar os resultados desejados. Uma das soluções passaria por expandir as suas operações no estrangeiro, no entanto a empresa escasseia em recursos e tem pouco conhecimento acerca de mercados estrangeiros. Esta tese tem o objectivo de ajudar a Miitik quanto à sua selecção de mercados.