Journal articles on the topic 'International market screening'
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Kumar, V., Antonie Stam, and Erich A. Joachimsthaler. "An Interactive Multicriteria Approach to Identifying Potential Foreign Markets." Journal of International Marketing 2, no. 1 (March 1994): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9400200103.
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The authors address the issue of portfolio management in the context of an international marketing problem. Screening, identification, and selection characterize the three stages in the evaluation of potential foreign markets. The proposed methodology is used for identifying potential foreign markets. This article contributes to the existing literature in four ways: (a) it integrates the past research on international market evaluation into a comprehensive framework, (b) it fills a gap in this area, by offering a flexible, cost efficient methodology that is easy to comprehend and adopt, (c) it simultaneously considers the objectives of the firm, its resource constraints, and expansion strategies while identifying potential foreign markets, and (d) it introduces a multicriteria methodology for solving problems of multiobjective decision models, to the international marketing managers.
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Bergh, Donald D., Enzo Peruffo, Wan-Ting Chiu, Brian Connelly, and Michael A. Hitt. "Market response to divestiture announcements: A screening theory perspective." Strategic Organization 18, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 547–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127019851083.
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Capital market investors have limited information about the motives, exchange terms, and expected outcomes of corporate divestitures. Thus, when a firm announces a divestiture, capital markets may have difficulty distinguishing divestitures that are likely to be beneficial and investment worthy from those that signify hidden problems. Drawing on screening theory, we argue that one way investors might overcome their information disadvantages is to use screens to identify investment-worthy divesting firms. We test this logic using one such screen: change in blockholding equity stakes prior to a divestiture announcement. Data from 858 European Union divestitures occurring in 13 Western European Countries show that investors’ reaction to a divestiture announcement is positively associated with pre-divestiture changes in blockholdings in the divesting firm. Furthermore, investors’ valuations were more positive in higher performing divesting firms that had increases in blockholding equity stakes before the divestiture than those that had reductions in these owners’ equity stakes. The findings extend our understanding of how outsiders, such as investors, navigate incomplete information about divestitures. We describe how our study offers a range of implications for divestiture research.
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Green, Robert T., and Arthur W. Allaway. "Identification of Export Opportunities: A Shift-share Approach." Journal of Marketing 49, no. 1 (January 1985): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900108.
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The search for new export markets is a high priority for firms in the 1980s. This article considers a technique that could be useful in screening markets and products for possible export opportunities. The technique is called shift-share analysis and has been heretofore employed primarily in regional analysis studies. We demonstrate the manner in which shift-share analysis can aid in the generation of product/market sets having high export potential.
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Ho, Catherine S. F. "International comparison of Shari’ah compliance screening standards." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 222–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-07-2014-0065.
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Purpose – This paper aims to review the Shari’ah investment screening methodologies of 34 prominent global Islamic finance users, including index providers, Shari’ah service providers, Islamic banks, a regulator, an association body and fund managers. Design/methodology/approach – A comparative analysis is performed to highlight the variances of the Shari’ah-compliant methods and principles practiced by these renowned institutions with the latest compiled data. Findings – The two sets of business screens and financial screens are profiled separately to clearly examine the similarities and differences between the different methodologies. Some of these practitioners are more specific in their listing of Shari’ah-impermissible activities, while some are more general in allowing more businesses to be included as permissible. The majority of these users practice a two-tier method of screening: qualitative and quantitative. Under quantitative screen, the range of allowable threshold ratios on non-permissible criteria differs slightly between them. Research limitations/implications – With the wide divergence in screening methodologies applied by practitioners, there is a general consensus in the acceptance of compliant assets from various countries and practice. Standardization is, therefore, seen as a need not only to make understanding of Shari’ah investments clear to investors but also to discourage misunderstandings between scholars and investors. Practical implications – The suggestion, therefore, is to set globally acceptable universal Shari’ah standard methodologies which are applicable by the world Islamic financial market. These standards which are relevant and logical to global ethical investing would further stimulate investments in Islamic finance. Social implications – With Shari’ah-compliant asset growing exponentially relative to the world’s financial assets, it is alleged that greater harmonization of the global screening methods would prevent misunderstanding and provide a clearer insight on Shari’ah investing, which could further accelerate growth of the Islamic finance sector worldwide. Originality/value – To provide a more transparent regulatory environment and build local and regional regulatory framework through establishment of standards, there should be more consistency with minimum barriers that prevent the industry from achieving its full potential. The paper also contributes to existing literature by documenting and analyzing the qualitative and quantitative screening procedures as practiced by a comprehensive set of global Islamic finance users. It is, therefore, important to share this knowledge as an effort toward greater understanding and harmonization of the practices at the global level to accelerate growth in the industry.
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Marchi, Gianluca, Marina Vignola, Gisella Facchinetti, and Giovanni Mastroleo. "International market selection for small firms: a fuzzy-based decision process." European Journal of Marketing 48, no. 11/12 (November 4, 2014): 2198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2012-0512.
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Purpose – This study aims to build and test an International Market Selection (IMS) decision process method that is able to capture, within a small firm’s risk-averse setting, the entrepreneur's experience, reduce cognitive biases, and preserve the flexibility of the decision, by combining the advantages of systematic and behavioural-based international market selection approaches. Design/methodology/approach – The unit of analysis is the IMS decision process of a small firm venturing abroad. We adopt a ranking approach based on three-step screening. We assess the markets through a multi-criteria approach with a wider set of variables aggregated within a tree-shaped model. To obtain the ranking, we use a Fuzzy Expert System (FES) as an evaluative tool. Findings – The results show that the proposed decision method is consistent with the entrepreneur’s strategic orientation and experience, while preserving the flexibility requested for decision-making in small firms. Unlike traditional behavioural IMS approaches, the method demonstrates an ability to reduce the cognitive biases associated with the use of a limited set of variables and unreliable evaluation models. Research limitations/implications – The single-case-study approach limits generalization of the findings. Practical implications – The proposed methodology helps the decision-maker to improve the quality of the IMS decision by reducing the effect of cognitive biases that usually affect traditional behavioural models. Originality/value – For the first time, a decision-process methodology based on an FES is applied to a small firm’s IMS problem.
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Mat Nor, Fauzias, Amir Shaharuddin, Ainulashikin Marzuki, and Nur Ainna Ramli. "Revised Malaysian Shariah Screening: Its Impact on Islamic Capital Market." Research in World Economy 10, no. 1 (June 9, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n1p17.
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Shariah Advisory Council (SAC) of Securities Commission (SC) formulated a new revised Shariah screening methodology of two-tier quantitative assessment for activity-based screening benchmarks and the newly- formulated financial ratio benchmarks, while the qualitative assessment remains the same. The revised methodology is an effort to expand the Islamic capital market’s (ICM) international reach which is in line with the SC objectives. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of the recent announcement of new changes in the Shariah screening methodology by the Malaysian Securities Commission on the share prices of the affected companies and Islamic capital market. We use an event study method to see if the changes have a significant reaction from the market, specifically, from investors and fund managers. On the announcement date, that is, on 29 November 2013, 158 non-Shariah compliant stocks were removed from the previous list of Shariah compliant stock that was issued in May 2013 and 16 stocks were added to the approved list. Out of 158 non-Shariah compliant stocks, only 137 stocks are available for the analysis. For the new Shariah compliant stocks, only 16 stocks are included in the sample. We find an immediate but short lived negative impact on the stock returns towards the deletion, but none towards the addition of new stocks to the Shariah index. However, the announcement has no significant impact on the overall return of the FBM Emas Shariah index.
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CREAMER, COSETTE, and ZUZANNA GODZIMIRSKA. "The Job Market for Justice: Screening and Selecting Candidates for the International Court of Justice." Leiden Journal of International Law 30, no. 4 (September 4, 2017): 947–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156517000437.
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AbstractOver the past few decades, states have granted greater independence and authority to international courts, yet still retain their ability to control who sits on the bench. This article examines how governments use their power of judicial nomination and appointment in the context of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and assesses the relative influence of three factors on states’ vote choices for ICJ candidates: the candidates’ probability of (in)sensitivity to political considerations; their qualifications; and the role of interstate politics. Drawing on a new dataset of candidates nominated for election to the ICJ between 1949 and 2010, we demonstrate that electing states base their initial vote choices largely on the same set of factors within both bodies that elect ICJ judges: the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council. In particular, professional experiences signaling a probability of insensitivity to political considerations reduce a candidate's expected vote share. A candidate's qualifications, on the other hand, do not appear to make a considerable difference in winning more votes. Finally, the amount of support during the nomination stage is highly correlated with vote share, suggesting that considerable screening occurs prior to nomination and that the number of nominations received facilitates co-ordination of vote choice across states.
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Rizaldy, Muhamad R., and Habib Ahmed. "Islamic legal methodologies and Shariah screening standards: Application in the Indonesian stock market." Thunderbird International Business Review 61, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 793–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.22042.
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Soberman, David A. "Simultaneous Signaling and Screening with Warranties." Journal of Marketing Research 40, no. 2 (May 2003): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.2.176.19228.
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It is well known that sellers can use warranties to screen consumers and increase profits. The ability of warranties to signal is also well accepted. The author considers a situation in which a high quality seller needs warranty policy to both screen and signal. Through an analytical model, the objective is to identify the optimal strategy for a high quality seller that offers a base warranty and optional extended warranty for a product whose quality is not observable to buyers. The author finds that signaling can limit a seller's ability to screen, especially when buyers are willing to pay a significant premium for higher quality. To signal, the seller generally lengthens base warranties and shortens optional coverage, making the bundles for each type of buyer more and more similar. The author also provides an empirical application of the model in the Toronto used-car market.
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Hawthorne, Lesleyanne. "“Picking Winners”: The Recent Transformation of Australia's Skilled Migration Policy." International Migration Review 39, no. 3 (September 2005): 663–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00284.x.
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From 1980 to 1996, Australian researchers identified consistently inferior labor market outcomes for professionals from non-English-speaking background source countries. In 1997, the incoming conservative government initiated a major review of Australia's skilled migration program, based on a determination to ‘select for success' among applicants. Subsequent initiatives included mandatory English language testing, rigorous qualifications screening, incentives for international students to migrate, and abolition of income support in the first two years post-arrival. This article provides a detailed analysis of factors leading to this policy transformation. Labor market outcomes for 2001 are defined, including a halving of unemployment among recently arrived migrants.
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Brahmana, Rayenda Khresna, and Chee-Wooi Hooy. "The Equity Valuation Accuracy among Multiple Screening Models: A Study from an Emerging Stock Market." International Business Management 5, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ibm.2011.50.57.
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Hartz Pinto, Dimas, Celso Funcia Lemme, and Ricardo Pereira Câmara Leal. "Socially responsible stock funds in Brazil." International Journal of Managerial Finance 10, no. 4 (August 26, 2014): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-10-2013-0107.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the risk-adjusted performance of Brazilian SRI stock funds. Design/methodology/approach – Risk-adjusted performance of 11 Brazilian socially responsible investment (SRI) funds relative to local index funds and matched pairs of funds. Findings – SRI funds performed as well as portfolios representing the broad market on a risk-adjusted basis, both before and during the global financial crisis. Independent investment houses are not interested in SRI funds. Large financial conglomerates may see these funds as part of their corporate social responsibility image strategy. Research limitations/implications – Brazilian SRI funds are a very small niche in the stock mutual fund universe of the country, thus, the small sample (universe) of SRI funds, as far as the author's knew. One cannot say that independent asset managers do not include SRI screening in their stock selection criteria. The use of SRI screening by the most prominent independent asset managers is a potential topic for future research. Practical implications – Brazilian SRI funds did not represent an extra screening filter cost to their investors. The majority of asset managers do not consider this strategy important enough to deserve an exclusive vehicle. Social implications – As SRI funds did not posit an extra screening cost, they may deserve a greater share of the mutual fund market, stimulating more SRI. Originality/value – The performance of Brazilian SRI stock funds had not been examined in the international literature. Brazil has vast natural resources, a very large economy and the fourth largest mutual fund industry in the world, but was overlooked.
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Harrison, Richard T., Mark R. Dibben, and Colin M. Mason. "The Role of Trust in the Informal Investor's Investment Decision: An Exploratory Analysis." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 21, no. 4 (July 1997): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879702100405.
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Research into the informal venture capital market is characterized by a focus on empirical research into the characteristics of the market and on the development and analysis of the public policy Implications of this empirical research. There has, however, been little systematic application or development of theoretical models and frameworks appropriate to the informal venture capital market. Nor, with a few recent exceptions, has the empirical analysis of the market moved on to examine issues surrounding the process of Informal investment rather than the outcomes of that process. In this paper we seek to rectify both of these deficiencies. First, we develop a framework for the elucidation of the concepts of swift trust and swift cooperation, and in so doing formalize and expand on the generally passing references to trust in the entrepreneurship and venture capital literatures. Second, we derive from this an operationable framework for analyzing trust and cooperation, which we apply to the informal Investment decision-making process. Using verbal protocol analysis of Investor reactions In real time to one particular investment opportunity, we empirically examine the role of trust and cooperation in the investors’ Initial screening of potential investment opportunities, and the investors’ assessment of the intermediary responsible for providing the initial referral of the Investment opportunity.
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Bahmane, Ludmila. "TURBULENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING MARKETING DECISION OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE LATVIAN MARKET." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 25, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3384.
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In this work an attempt is made to describe the experience of marketing decision development in the conditions of a turbulent business environment using the example of various Latvian enterprises. The main goal is to show the possibility of simple algorithm for strategic marketing solutions development of different business structures in Latvian market, which can be easily mastered by students of the 2-nd or 3-rd years during 100 academic hours. Using characteristic features of a turbulent business environment, the possibilities of applying marketing decisions offering algorithms both for the national (Latvian) market and for entry into international markets are discussed. This experience is part of the author's pedagogical activity at higher education institutions in Latvia (RISEBA) over the last 20 years and assumes training in new methods of marketing decision development, with use of modern marketing technologies, including matrix methods, as well as cluster, discriminant and screening analysis. The researched experience and potential for the application of the author's theoretical elaborations (the matrix “solution’s novelty – consumer’s demand for novelty”) are particularly relevant for developing creative marketing management solutions in the areas of business where the novelty of goods (services) may be an important competitive advantage in a turbulent business environment.
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Jedidi, Kamel, and Rajeev Kohli. "Probabilistic Subset-Conjunctive Models for Heterogeneous Consumers." Journal of Marketing Research 42, no. 4 (November 2005): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.2005.42.4.483.
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The authors propose two generalizations of conjunctive and disjunctive screening rules. First, they relax the requirement that an acceptable alternative must be satisfactory on one criterion (disjunctive) or on all criteria (conjunctive). Second, they relax the assumption that consumers make deterministic judgments when evaluating alternatives. They combine the two generalizations into a probabilistic subset-conjunctive rule, which allows consumers to use any number or subset of decision criteria when screening alternatives and permits them to be uncertain about the acceptability of attribute levels. These two features allow for a screening process that is uncertain and more flexible than the deterministic conjunctive and disjunctive rules currently described in the literature. The authors describe a latent-class method for the estimation of the subset-conjunctive rules and the attribute-level consideration probabilities using either consideration or choice data. Applications using both types of data suggest that the proposed models predict as well as linear models do; can make different predictions of consideration, choice, and market shares; and provide insights into consumer decision processes that are different from those obtained with linear models.
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Mi, Chen, and Da Ming Han. "Performance Test Specification for Passenger Car in Low Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 2272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2272.
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The study of this article focus on the standards on the working limit of the passenger car. The standards for passenger cars at low temperature were studied and proposed by combination of the technical content in cold regions’ environments and the development trend in the domestic and international situation. The proposed standards can improve the service life of mechanical parts, reduce wear and failure of passenger cars and improve the passenger's power, economy and security. In the industry standardization and the objective requirements of relevant standards, this proposed standards are the basis to ensure fair competition in international trade, maintain the normal order of market and make up a communication bridge among the international economic cooperations. Maintain maximum benifit of the China's auto industry in the internationality. The emphases of the standards is to establish standards for low temperature environment laboratory, draw our own standards on product characteristics and screening standards system in line with China's actual conditions.
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Santamaria, Luisa, and Sherry L. Kitto. "Screening for Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Somaclonal Variants of Solanum quitoense Lam." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 632a—632. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.632a.
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Solanum quitoense is a perennial herbaceous plant native to the tropical regions of Colombia and Ecuador. It has attracted the attention of the international market because of the special taste of its fruits and its being a non traditional crop. The main problem in its culture is its susceptibility to root-knot nematodes, Meloido-gyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. Two cultivars of S. quitoense were examined, `Baeza' and `Dulce'. The main objective of this research was to develop protocols for proliferation, rooting and establishment, and regeneration and screening for root-knot nematode resistance. S. quitoense was easy to proliferate, root and reestablish without using growth regulators. Regenerants were initiated from petioles and internodal stem sections cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA 1 to 10 mg·L–1. From 420 explants cultured for each cultivar, there were 226 regenerants for `Baeza' and 279 for `Dulce'. Screening of regenerants for root-knot nematode resistance was carried out in the greenhouse with the regenerants of `Dulce'. Twenty-one regenerants, inoculated with 1000 eggs per plant (determined based on a previous experiment), had five or fewer galls after 5 weeks. Follow-up greenhouse and in vitro screening experiments are presently ongoing.
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Panagopoulos, Nikolaos G., Ryan Mullins, and Panagiotis Avramidis. "Sales Force Downsizing and Firm-Idiosyncratic Risk: The Contingent Role of Investors’ Screening and Firm’s Signaling Processes." Journal of Marketing 82, no. 6 (October 4, 2018): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242918805059.
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Although sales force downsizing represents a challenging marketing resource change that can signal uncertainty about future firm performance, little is known about its impact on financial-market performance. Drawing from information economics, the authors address this knowledge gap by developing a comprehensive framework to (1) examine the impact of the size of a firm’s sales force downsizing on firm-idiosyncratic risk, (2) uncover investors’ screening processes that influence this relationship, and (3) identify firms’ mitigating signaling processes that can alleviate investor uncertainty linked to downsizing. The authors draw from several secondary sources to assemble a longitudinal data set of 314 U.S. public firms over 12 years and model their framework using a robust econometric approach. Findings show that larger sales force reductions are associated with greater firm-idiosyncratic risk. Furthermore, this increase in risk is amplified when firms face high levels of future competitive threats and lack transparency in financial reporting. However, chief executive officers can mitigate these deleterious moderating effects by signaling a commitment to growth (i.e., increasing advertising expenditures) and formally communicating an external strategic focus to Wall Street.
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Karunaratna, Amal R., and Lester W. Johnson. "Initiating and Maintaining Export Channel Intermediary Relationships." Journal of International Marketing 5, no. 2 (June 1997): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9700500203.
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Firms exporting via foreign channel intermediaries, such as import agents or distributors, trade off a lack of control of the foreign channel for a low-risk market entry. Agency theory and transaction cost analysis suggest that a lack of control manifests itself in the foreign channel intermediary (FCI) having opportunities to behave in its own interests, rather than those of the exporter. Even so, management strategies that result in an alignment of the exporter's and FCI's goals are more likely to result in a perception of satisfaction in the relationship than if only one party's goals were met. Such management strategies should commence with an extensive precontractual screening step to find an intermediary whose goals are complementary to those of the exporter. After forming a trading relationship, an exporter can better coordinate the relationship by noncoercive monitoring of the exporter, and reduce the potential for opportunistic behavior and achieve a relationship that performs to the satisfaction to both parties. Greater monitoring is also likely to maintain a state of goal congruence between the parties. Conditions of environmental uncertainty may, however, create difficulties in precontractual screening by the exporter. A conceptual framework explaining the interaction between these variables has been presented, along with nine testable propositions and directions for future research.
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Nor Suhaira Jamil, Hamizah Hassan, and Imbarine Bujang. "The Effect of Shari’ah Compliance Announcements on Stock Returns in Malaysia." International Journal of Business and Society 21, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3248.2020.
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There are increasing demands and interests in Shari’ah compliant stocks in Malaysia. The identification of Shari’ah compliant stocks is known as Shari’ah screening, which is announced to the public twice a year. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate whether the announcements provide valuable information and the impact of such announcements on stock returns. This study applies market model to estimate the stock returns. Alternative hypotheses that are being tested are the inclusion (removal) of stocks in (from) the Shari’ah Compliant List give a significant effect on the stock Cumulative Average Abnormal Return (CAAR). Employing the event study methodology in years 2007 –2015, this study provides unambiguous evidence that the inclusion of a stock in the Shari’ah Compliant List has increased the price that lead positive stocks returns 1 day within the announcement date. Meanwhile, the removal from the list results a negative stock returns due to the declined of the stock price. As such, the announcements of Shari’ah Compliant List do carry informational value and have significant effect on the stock returns in Malaysian capital market. Shari’ah compliance announcement is significant especially to the Muslim investors to assist them avoiding prohibited investment activities. The present study has significantly contributed to the Malaysian Efficient Market Hypothesis as well as to the practical implication for the companies in avoiding with haram activities.
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Schapiro, Mark. "New Power for “Old Europe”." International Journal of Health Services 35, no. 3 (July 2005): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gyrm-92vr-h6m4-6hdq.
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The European Union's growing political clout is leading to new paradigms of environmental and health regulation. The E.U. is putting teeth behind new guidelines governing the toxicity of chemicals in consumer products, cosmetics, and automobiles that are forcing American companies to reconsider longstanding production practices. While U.S. government oversight over environmental and health concerns is being weakened, the E.U.'s strengthened governance over these and other arenas is rapidly, through the leverage of international trade, setting the stage for a new global standard. Europe's new standards present a historic choice to U.S. manufacturers: either conform to the E.U.'s preemptive screening for toxicity, or risk sacrificing the 450-million strong European market. The author explores the American response, and how the United States is slipping to the lower rungs of a double standard for protecting the health of citizens.
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Jang, Woosik, Jung Ki Lee, Jaebum Lee, and Seung Heon Han. "Naïve Bayesian Classifier for Selecting Good/Bad Projects during the Early Stage of International Construction Bidding Decisions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/830781.
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Since the 1970s, revenues generated by Korean contractors in international construction have increased rapidly, exceeding USD 70 billion per year in recent years. However, Korean contractors face significant risks from market uncertainty and sensitivity to economic volatility and technical difficulties. As the volatility of these risks threatens project profitability, approximately 15% of bad projects were found to account for 74% of losses from the same international construction sector. Anticipating bad projects via preemptive risk management can better prevent losses so that contractors can enhance the efficiency of bidding decisions during the early stages of a project cycle. In line with these objectives, this paper examines the effect of such factors on the degree of project profitability. The Naïve Bayesian classifier is applied to identify a good project screening tool, which increases practical applicability using binomial variables with limited information that is obtainable in the early stages. The proposed model produced superior classification results that adequately reflect contractor views of risk. It is anticipated that when users apply the proposed model based on their own knowledge and expertise, overall firm profit rates will increase as a result of early abandonment of bad projects as well as the prioritization of good projects before final bidding decisions are made.
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Ly, Dalin, Sigrid Mayrhofer, I. Agung Yogeswara, Thu-Ha Nguyen, and Konrad Domig. "Identification, Classification and Screening for γ-Amino-butyric Acid Production in Lactic Acid Bacteria from Cambodian Fermented Foods." Biomolecules 9, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120768.
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Screening for various types of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that form the biological agent γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) is important to produce different kinds of GABA-containing fermented foods. So far, no GABA-producing LAB have been reported from Cambodian fermented foods. Most small-scale fermentations and even some industrial processes in this country still rely on indigenous LAB. The application of GABA-producing autochthonous starters would allow the production of Cambodian fermented foods with an additional nutritional value that meet the population’s dietary habits and that are also more attractive for the international food market. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizing time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and partial 16S rDNA sequencing were used to identify 68 LAB isolates from Cambodian fermented foods. These isolates were classified and grouped with (GTG)5 rep-PCR, resulting in 50 strains. Subsequently, all strains were investigated for their ability to produce GABA by thin layer chromatography. GABA-positive strains were further analyzed by the GABase assay. Of the six GABA-positive LAB strains—one Lactobacillus futsaii, two Lactobacillus namurensis, and three Lactobacillus plantarum strains—two Lactobacillus plantarum strains produced high amounts of GABA (20.34 mM, 16.47 mM). These strains should be further investigated for their potential application as GABA-producing starter cultures in the food applications.
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Haarith, Deepak, Dong-gyu Kim, Noah B. Strom, Senyu Chen, and Kathryn E. Bushley. "In Vitro Screening of a Culturable Soybean Cyst Nematode Cyst Mycobiome for Potential Biological Control Agents and Biopesticides." Phytopathology® 110, no. 8 (August 2020): 1388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-20-0015-r.
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Fungal biological control of soybean cyst nematodes (SCN) is an important component of integrated pest management for soybean. However, very few fungal biological control agents are available in the market. In this study, we have screened fungi previously isolated from SCN cysts over 3 years from a long-term crop rotation field experiment for their ability to antagonize SCN using (i) parasitism, (ii) egg hatch inhibition, and (iii) J2 mortality. We evaluated egg parasitism using an in-vitro egg parasitism bioassays and scored parasitism using the egg parasitic index (EPI) and fluorescent microscopy. The ability of these fungi to produce metabolites causing egg hatch inhibition and J2 mortality was assessed in bioassays using filter-sterilized culture filtrates. We identified 10 high-performing isolates each for egg parasitism and toxicity toward SCN eggs and J2s and repeated the tests after storage for 1 year of cryopreservation at −80°C to validate the durability of biocontrol potential of the chosen 20 isolates. Although the parasitic ability changed slightly for the majority of strains after cryopreservation, they still scored 5/10 on EPI scales. There were no differences in the ability of fungi to produce antinemic metabolites after cryopreservation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
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Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A. "Conflicts of Interest Arising from Simultaneous Service by Editors of Competing Journals or Publishers." Publications 9, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications9010006.
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In this day and age of challenging post-publication peer review and heightened academic scrutiny, editors serve an increasingly important role in screening submissions and managing the quality of information that is published in scholarly journals. Publishers compete for an intellectual market while commercial publishers compete for a commercial share of the market. The assumption argued in this perspective is that having editorial positions in competing journals or publishers (CJPs) may represent competing intellectual, professional and/or financial interests. Thus, based on this assumption, an editor would be expected to show loyalty to a single entity (journal or publisher). Editorial positions on the editorial boards of CJPs, as well as conflicts, financial or other, should be clearly indicated for all editors on the editorial board page of a journal’s website, for transparency. In science and academia, based on these arguments, the author is of the belief that editors should thus generally not serve on the editorial boards of CJPs, or only under limited and fully transparent conditions, even if they serve as editors voluntarily. The author recognizes that not all academics, including editors, might agree with this perspective, so a wider debate is encouraged.
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Yi, Candy So Suk, Eric Yung, Christopher Fong, and Shilpi Tripathi. "Benefits and Use of Blockchain Technology to Human Resources Management: A Critical Review." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 10, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v10i2.16932.
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Globalization brings advantages to worldwide awareness and cross-border technology dissemination in two respects to enable nations to readily access foreign expertise and enhance international competition from the increase of emerging market companies, as well as innovation and the introduction of foreign innovations (Aslam et al., 2018). Human Resources (HR) nowadays generally faces various difficulties in the world internet era and spends a lot of time connecting, screening, and verifying the resume of applicants, conducting credentials verifications, and checking backgrounds to reduce the likelihood of poor recruitment. For example, recruiters connect the profile of candidates from different channels such as direct application, recruitment agency, and social media; and hiring resume verifications is therefore a bottleneck. Hong Kong's telecommunications industry is totally privately-owned and faces no restriction on foreign investment, and it is also open for competition. Use of blockchain in the twenty-first for the period from 2004 to 2014, an instance of international expertise and technology will increase innovation ability and labour productivity development. Experts say that obtaining verification of credentials using blockchain can reduce costs and delays, increase confidence and increase hiring automation (Han, 2017). Background checks on shortlisted candidates / applicants’ lies are used to find increasing numbers of companies on their profiles to get job opportunities (Wood et al., 2007 cited in Brody, Richard G, 2010).
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Razumnova, Lyudmila L., and Tatyana E. Migaleva. "The Rise of China's Political and Economic Influence in the Modern World: Pluralism of Opinions." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (January 3, 2020): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-4-42-64.
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The increasing political and economic influence of China on the international economic relations, whilst remaining the relative closeness of its economy and reluctance to provide reciprocal access to the national market, is becoming an important topic for discussion among Western and Russian researchers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the modern scientific view on growing influence of the PRC worldwide as a new political player, as well as to identify contradictions arising in the world economy. The methodological basis consists of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison methods, historical and logical approaches to the examined phenomena, which allow to identify contradictions and problems that Russia could face due to China's global economic expansion. The authors substantiate the need for Russian to use the experience of other country in protecting its national interests throw creating mechanisms for foreign investments screening, as those investment can have negative impact on the recipient economy and its integration partners. The article provides recommendations for Russia on how to develop the mutually beneficial and effective investment cooperation with China.
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Razumnova, L. L., and T. E. Migaleva. "New Regulation of Direct Foreign Investment Screening in the European Union and Interests of Russia." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 3 (May 13, 2020): 166–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2020-3-166-186.
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The article deals with adoption of a new framework regulation of direct foreign investment (DFI) of the European Union in condition of shaping a polycentric system of international relations and re-balancing of global players’ forces, which is accompanied by weakening the positions of the EU on global market and strengthening China as a new superpower. In this situation the EU tries to reinforce economic security and raise competitiveness of economy by protecting the sphere of critical infrastructure and high technologies against external control. The authors provide a brief analysis of geopolitical, economic and political factors, which determined specific features of new EU investment legislation. The scale and structure of Chinese DFI in EU economy were estimated and specificity of the process of mutual outsourcing of EU and China political values was identified. According to the analysis, China that increases its presence in the EU, apart from big finance possibilities uses differentiation of priorities in foreign and home policy of member-states and internal European contradictions and fragmentation of EU legislation. By using the text of the framework Regulation 2019/452 key elements and procedures were described and contradictions in the mechanism of investment selection being designed were found. It is proved that these contradictions, including numerous different agreements and institutional units involved in the process, keeping national priorities in making final decisions in the absence of necessary for DFI screening function system elements and others hinder the creation of the efficiently functioning supranational system of European DFI control. A conclusion was drawn that introduction of the Regulation can have a negative effect on the inflow of Russian investment to Europe. At the same time Russia cannot affect designing of this screening mechanism, as its role is limited by the frameworks of European policy of partial communication isolation. In the long-term the toughness of using investment regulation in the EU will depend on the outline of the US – EU – Russia confrontation.
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Karim, Jalisa Lynn, and Aline Talhouk. "Person-Generated Health Data in Women’s Health: Protocol for a Scoping Review." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): e26110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26110.
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Background Due to their ability to collect person-generated health data, digital tools and connected health devices may hold great utility in disease prevention, chronic disease self-monitoring and self-tracking, as well as in tailoring information and educational content to fit individual needs. Facilitators and barriers to the use of digital health technologies vary across demographics, including sex. The “femtech” market is growing rapidly, and women are some of the largest adopters of digital health technologies. Objective This paper aims to provide the background and methods for conducting a scoping review on the use of person-generated health data from connected devices in women’s health. The objectives of the scoping review are to identify the various contexts of digital technologies in women’s health and to consolidate women’s views on the usability and acceptability of the devices. Methods Searches were conducted in the following databases: Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science Core Collection. We included articles from January 2015 to February 2020. Screening of articles was done independently by at least two authors in two stages. Data charting is being conducted in duplicate. Results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Results Our search identified 9102 articles after deduplication. As of November 2020, the full-text screening stage is almost complete and data charting is in progress. The scoping review is expected to be completed by Fall 2021. Conclusions This scoping review will broadly map the literature regarding the contexts and acceptability of digital health tools for women. The results from this review will be useful in guiding future digital health and women’s health research. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/26110
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Koper, Dorota, Małgorzata Pajączek, and Tomasz Kryczka. "Immigrants and tuberculosis in Europe – are we prepared for outbreak?" Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pielxxiw-2020-0025.
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AbstractIntroduction. International travel and immigration have led to a rise in the incidence of tuberculosis in European countries, mainly due to migration from Africa and the Middle East.Aim. In this article we point to an additional migration path - from Ukraine - and the threat of tuberculosis associated with this migration and we discuss our preparation for an increase in the incidence of this disease.Discussion. It is estimated that about 1.5-2.5 million Ukrainians work or live in Poland or the EU. This results from the implementation of some EU directives and Polish law regulations, which simplified an access of the Ukrainian citizens to the European labor market. Importantly, Ukraine is one of the 18 high-priority countries to fight tuberculosis in the WHO European Region and among the top 20 highest drug-resistant tuberculosis burden countries in the world. More importantly, there is no unitary tuberculosis screening program for migrants in the EU member states. For this reason, we have no reliable data on tuberculosis burden in any nationality group of immigrants in Europe, including Ukrainians.Conclusions. Nurses have always dealt with infectious diseases, they have always been and will be the last line of defense against the epidemic. Any epidemic, including tuberculosis. Perhaps, in the absence of an integrated tuberculosis policy in Europe, our only future are the experience, skills and dedication of nurses.
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Angelis, Elisabetta De, Rosa Pilolli, Alice Bejjani, Rocco Guagnano, Cristiano Garino, Marco Arlorio, and Linda Monaci. "Optimization of an Untargeted DART-HRMS Method Envisaging Identification of Potential Markers for Saffron Authenticity Assessment." Foods 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061238.
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Saffron is one of the most expensive agricultural products in the world and as such, the most commonly adulterated spice, with undeclared plant-based surrogates or synthetic components simulating color and morphology. Currently, saffron quality is certificated in the international trade market according to specific ISO guidelines, which test aroma, flavor, and color strength. However, it has been demonstrated that specific adulterants such as safflower, marigold, or turmeric up to 20% (w/w) cannot be detected under the prescribed approach; therefore, there is still a need for advanced and sensitive screening methods to cope with this open issue. The current investigation aims to develop a rapid and sensitive untargeted method based on an ambient mass spectrometry ionization source (DART) and an Orbitrap™high-resolution mass analyzer to discriminate pure and adulterated saffron samples with either safflower or turmeric. The metabolic profiles of pure and adulterated model samples prepared at different inclusion levels were acquired. Unsupervised multivariate analysis was carried out based on hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis as first confirmation of the discriminating potential of the metabolic profile acquired under optimized DART-HRMS conditions. In addition, a preliminary selection of potential markers for saffron authenticity was accomplished, identifying compounds able to discriminate the type of adulteration down to a concentration level of 5%.
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Salegua, Venâncio, Rob Melis, Deidré Fourie, Julia Sibiya, and Cousin Musvosvi. "Screening Andean Diversity Panel Dry Bean Lines for Resistance to Bacterial Brown Spot Disease Under Field Conditions in South Africa." Plant Disease 104, no. 9 (September 2020): 2509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-19-2388-re.
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Bacterial brown spot (BBS) disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is an important disease of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), with grain yield losses of 55% reported in South Africa. This study aimed to identify BBS disease-resistant genotypes from 415 Andean Diversity Panel (ADP) dry bean lines and 5 check cultivars under field conditions across three sites in South Africa: Warden and Middelburg under natural infestation and Potchefstroom under artificial inoculation. Plants at Potchefstroom were inoculated with P. syringae pv. syringae using three isolates at 21, 28, and 36 days after planting, and disease scoring was done at 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation following a modified 1 to 9 International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) scale. The BBS severity percentage and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were applied to quantify the reaction of bean genotypes to BBS disease. The study identified 17.2% of evaluated germplasm as resistant and 45.3% as moderately resistant. Genotypes ADP-0592, ADP-0790, ADP-0120, and ADP-0008 were selected for both resistance and high seed yield across the three environments. Genotypes ADP-0546, ADP-0630, ADP-0120, and ADP-0279 were selected for both high yield and resistance at Warden, whereas ADP-0038, ADP-0721, and ADP-0790 were selected for both traits at Middelburg, and lastly, ADP-0120 and ADP-0079 were selected for both traits at Potchefstroom. The best genotypes selected for both high yield and BBS resistance had grain yield >1.45 t ha−1 across sites and >1.85 t ha−1 at individual sites, and they out yielded the best-performing check cultivar (1.13 t ha−1) and the grand mean yield (0.87 t ha−1) across sites. The AUDPC had a strong negative correlation (r = −0.55, P < 0.001) with grain yield at Potchefstroom. Medium-seeded genotypes showed a lower AUDPC than the large-seeded genotypes, and indeterminate genotypes showed a lower AUDPC than determinate genotypes. The genotypes selected for resistance and yield can be utilized in future dry bean improvement efforts for the South African bean market.
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Cherniak, William, Nikki Tyler, Kriti Arora, Ilana Lapidos-Salaiz, Emma Sczudlo, Amy Lin, Matthew Barnhart, John Flanigan, and Shannon Silkensen. "From potential to practice: how accelerating access to HPV tests and screen and treat programmes can help eliminate cervical cancer." Family Medicine and Community Health 7, no. 4 (October 2019): e000182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2019-000182.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination campaigns to prevent cervical cancer are being considered and implemented in countries around the world. While vaccination will protect future generations, it will not help the millions of women currently infected, leading to an estimated 311 000 deaths per year globally. This paper examines a selection of strategies that when applied to both existing and new technologies, could accelerate access to HPV testing. Authors from the US Agency for International Development, the National Institutes of Health, and the Bridge to Health Medical and Dental, a non-governmental organisation, joined forces to propose a scalable and country-directed solution for preventing cervical cancer using an end-to-end approach. Collectively, the authors offer seven evidence-based strategies, that when used alone or in combination have the ability to reduce HPV-caused cervical cancer deaths and disability. These strategies include (1) consistent HPV test intervals to decrease HPV DNA test costs; (2) exploring market shaping opportunities; (3) employing iterative user research methodologies like human-centred design; (4) target product profiles for new HPV tests; (5) encouraging innovation around cervical cancer screen and treat programmes; (6) developing national cancer control plans; and (7) integrating cervical cancer screen and treat services into existing infrastructure. By using the strategies outlined here, in combination with HPV vaccination campaigns, national governments will be able to scale and expand cervical cancer screening programmes and provide evidence-based treatment programmes for HPV-infected women.
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Nagy, Balázs, László Szilbehorn, Anna Kerpel-Fronius, Mariann Moizs, Gábor Bajzik, and Zoltán Vokó. "A kis dózisú komputertomográfiával történő tüdőrákszűrés költségvetési hatása." Orvosi Hetilap 162, no. 24 (June 13, 2021): 952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32095.
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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Korábbi vizsgálatunk szerint a kis dózisú komputertomográfiával évente végzett tüdőrákszűrés 50–74 éves dohányzók körében költséghatékony, és az 55–74 évesek körében költségmegtakarító. Célkitűzés: Ennek a vizsgálatnak a célja a korábbi hosszú távú költséghatékonysági elemzés kiegészítése egy finanszírozó szempontú, rövid és középtávú költségvetési hatásvizsgálattal. Módszer: Egészség-gazdaságtani modellünk az 50–74 éves, naponta dohányzó lakosság tüdőrákszűrésének költségét hasonlítja össze a szervezett szűrésben nem részesülő, naponta dohányzó lakosság költségével. Ehhez megvizsgáljuk a célpopuláció létszámának alakulását, az eredményes elérés és felfedezés valószínűségét, továbbá a szűrés nyomán felmerülő terápiás költségeket és megtakarításokat. A szűrés és a kivizsgálások után diagnosztizált betegek útját az érvényben lévő hazai ellátási protokollnak megfelelően követjük. A kezelések eredményességét a HUNCHEST-felmérés adatai alapján, a kezelésekhez tartozó beavatkozások költségét közfinanszírozási adatok alapján számoljuk. Eredmények: A kis dózisú komputertomográfiával történő tüdőrákszűrés az érintett lakosság 10%-ának várható részvétele mellett a kezdeti évben mintegy 3,3 milliárd, az 5. évben 1,9 milliárd Ft éves többletkiadással jár. A 3. évig szűréssel felfedezett betegek terápiája többe kerül, mint a szűrés nélkülieké, ugyanakkor a 4. és 5. évben a szűrés nélküli csoportban a későbbi stádiumban felismert betegek kezelési költsége már meghaladja a szűrt betegek terápiás költségét. A 3. évtől folyamatosan növekvő terápiás megtakarítás a teljes szűrés költségét a 10. évre az 1. év kiadásának 20%-ára csökkenti. Következtetések: A kis dózisú komputertomográfiával történő tüdőrákszűrés bevezetése évi 2,6 milliárd Ft többletforrást igényelne, és folyamatos kiadáscsökkenés mellett hosszú távon akár nettó megtakarítást is eredményezhet a nem szervezett szűréshez képest. A kockázati csoportok pontosítása, például kiemelt földrajzi területeken végzett célzott szűrés tovább javíthatja az eredményeket. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(24): 952–959. Summary. Introduction: Our earlier analysis indicated that screening lung cancer patients with low-dose computed tomography amongst smokers between age of 50–74 and between age of 55–74 is cost-effective and cost-saving, respectively. Objective: This study aims to extend the long-term cost-effectiveness analysis with short- and mid-term budget impact analysis. Method: The health economic model compares the cost of nationwide screening amongst smokers between 50–74 years to the current occasional screening policy. The analysis determines the size of the target population, recruitment rates and market uptake. Health care finance costs associated with the patient pathways are determined by national guidelines and clinical practice. Screening and treatment effectiveness are based on the HUNCHEST survey and international scientific literature, while the cost of health states and events are determined using national tariffs. Results: Assuming 10% uptake of low-dose computed tomography screening for the target population will cost an additional 3.3 billion HUF and 1.9 billion HUF in the 1st and 5th years, respectively. Until the 3rd year, new patients’ treatment costs exceed costs due to late discovery and delay in treatment. This pattern is changing from the 4th year on. Due to timely care savings by the 10th year in the screened population will reduce total costs to the 20% of the first year costs. Conclusions: Introduction of national screening for lung cancer patients with low-dose computed tomography is estimated to cost around additional 2.6 billion HUF/year and could end up in net savings in the long run. Identification of risk groups according to regional or other strata could increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the program. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(24): 952–959.
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Mounir, Amine Mohammed. "Prudence and temperance in portfolio selection with Shariah-compliant investments." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 14, no. 4 (February 26, 2021): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-07-2019-0292.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of Sharīʿah-compliant stocks on other investor risk preferences beyond the risk aversion, namely, prudence and temperance. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the non-parametric model data envelopment analysis with the shortage function as a measure of performance. The model uses three specifications considering skewness and kurtosis that describe according to expected utility theory, prudence and temperance. Findings Results show that first, efficient portfolios consist mainly of conventional stocks in the three-model specification. Second, the skewness improvement is achieved only when considering conventional stocks while Sharīʿah-compliant assets do not exhibit any impact on the third moment. Finally, diversification through both conventional and Sharīʿah-compliant stocks does not lead to kurtosis reduction. Sharīʿah-compliant stocks in efficient portfolios are sensitive to return and risk solely, and hence, prudence and temperance as related to skewness and kurtosis measures can be ignored in optimal portfolio selection during normal market conditions. Research limitations/implications Findings suggest the same conclusions for four Islamic screening methods; however, readers should be prudent due to the limited sample. Results show that Sharīʿah-compliant assets do not have an impact on higher-order moments optimal portfolio returns, and hence, question the commonly admitted assumption of non-normality return distributions at least for Sharīʿah-compliant stocks. Practical implications The research findings suggest that Islamic investor preferences are described only by return and risk along with Sharīʿah criteria for stock selection and portfolio allocation. Portfolio managers should not care about higher-order moments to manage Sharīʿah-compliant funds. The traditional mean-variance Markowitz framework will be sufficient for investment or allocation decision-making. Description of Sharīʿah-compliant portfolio returns with only the first two order moments gives such asset more resiliency to extreme events like a crisis. Originality/value This research is the first in literature exploring whether prudence and temperance defined by higher-order moments can be drivers, besides Sharīʿah criteria, in portfolio allocation decision-making. This study is unique in terms of methodology and application. It uses individual stock data on the Casablanca Stock Exchange.
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Smits, Roderik. "Tournaments of values at the European film market." Arts and the Market 8, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aam-01-2018-0001.
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Purpose With film sales markets becoming increasingly popular events where the film business gathers several times each year, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that they should be understood as events where important gatekeeping process are taking place. That is to say, sales markets are the point where important decisions about films are made, where sales agencies negotiate access to international markets, and where they exert influence over the sort of access given to specific films. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on qualitative methods such as participant observation and interviews, the author develops a case study of the European Film Market (EFM) in Berlin. The author analyses value creation processes at the EFM, focussing specifically on the disposition of exhibition space and the importance of film screenings. Findings Drawing on the literature about tournaments of value, the author demonstrates that sales markets endow films with significant values, exercising a powerful role over the process of enabling cultural flow. The author also demonstrates that there is a symbiotic relationship between the EFM sales market and the Berlin International Film Festival, providing a context from which films can generate attention. Originality/value The author provides new insights into film sales processes within sales markets, and the role of sales agents in influencing such processes. The author argues that sales markets exert an important influence over gatekeeping by creating social and cultural hierarchies that impact on the sales process of films.
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Saxena, Sanjai, and Charu Gomber. "Surmounting antimicrobial resistance in the Millennium Superbug: Staphylococcus aureus." Open Medicine 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-009-0079-5.
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AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is the third most dreaded pathogen posing a severe threat due to its refractory behavior against the current armamentarium of antimicrobial drugs. This is attributed to the evolution of an array of resistance mechanisms responsible for morbidity and mortality globally. Local and international travel has resulted in the movement of drug resistant S. aureus clones from hospitals into communities and further into different geographical areas where they have been responsible for epidemic outbreaks. Thus, there is a dire necessity to refrain further cross movement of these multidrug resistant clones across the globe. The plausible alternative to prevent this situation is by thorough implementation of regulatory aspects of sanitation, formulary usage and development of new therapeutic interventions. Various strategies like exploring novel antibacterial targets, high throughput screening of microbes, combinatorial and synthetic chemistry, combinatorial biosynthesis and vaccine development are being extensively sought to overcome multidrug resistant chronic Staphylococcal infections. The majority of the antibacterial drugs are of microbial origin and are prone to being resisted. Anti-staphylococcal plant natural products that may provide a new alternative to overcome the refractory S.aureus under clinical settings have grossly been unnoticed. The present communication highlights the new chemical entities and therapeutic modalities that are entering the pharmaceutical market or are in the late stages of clinical evaluation to overcome multidrug resistant Staphylococcal infections. The review also explores the possibility of immunity and enzyme-based interventions as new therapeutic modalities and highlights the regulatory concerns on the prescription, usage and formulary development in the developed and developing world to keep the new chemical entities and therapeutic modalities viable to overcome antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus.
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McKenzie, Brent, and Emily Hunter. "A case study of a non-profit organization in an emerging economy: O fonds in Latvia." Baltic Journal of Management 16, no. 1 (November 3, 2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-02-2020-0039.
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PurposeThe focus of this research is to present a case study of a small Latvian-based non-profit organization (NPO), O fonds (Oncology Foundation), and how they are an exemplar of the challenges facing NPOs in countries that do not have a strong history of NPO success. The research is supported through primary data collection of multiple interviews and correspondence with the key informant of O fonds, the CEO. These insights were supported with secondary data analysis of the history of NPOs in emerging markets, as well as the history of cancer screening in Latvia.Design/methodology/approachIn order to address the gap in the existing research literature, a single firm case analysis was selected to provide the context of the study. A series of semi-structured questions focused on O fonds branding and rebranding activities were posed to the CEO of the firm. Subsequent personal interviews were conducted to analyze and interpret the original results. This primary data were linked to secondary data about the practices of O fonds, NPOs in Latvia and the roles and challenges of NPOs in emerging markets.FindingsThe analysis of the findings from the primary data collection found that O fonds' rebranding effort helped to achieve a more stable and significant place for NPOs in the healthcare sector in Latvia and of equal importance with the Latvian general public. Tangible results included more financial support from donors, with an added benefit of increased joint marketing activities with corporate donors. Furthermore, active involvement with O fonds and medical professionals resulted from the rebrand. Also, there was an increase in referral patients to O fonds so they could attempt to get these people support for cancer screening.Research limitations/implicationsQuestions as to issues of validity from the use of a single case study, and greater issues with a single case, single interview method are acknowledged. This potential limitation, with respect to this study, was deemed to be lessened based on the use of multiple interviews and sourcing of secondary company material with the CEO of O fonds. Further support by way of sharing of a secondary data, and organizational insights helped to address any major limitations in the research methodology, as helpful information and materials that might not have been readily available, or unavailable without this level of trust, could be obtained.Practical implicationsExploring how NPOs can rebrand their firm to better meet the needs of society and be most impactful will contribute to both managerial practice and academic literature. By examining how a non-profit rebranding process occurs, in an emerging economy, and determining how effective rebranding can be utilized as a turnaround strategy, is a contribution of this research. Given the limited non-profit rebranding literature, particularly in emerging markets, this study provides exploratory insights within a new context to help propel the field of knowledge.Social implicationsNPOs have been shown to play a valuable role in communities across many regions of the world as NPOs enable citizens to come together to collectively work toward a common goal with the purpose of bettering society. With respect to the focus on O fonds their aim of increasing early detection of cancer continues to rise, but more positively, the incidents of treatable cancer are also rising as the result of the former. Regrettably, this positive trend in increased cancer screening does not equate to lower mortality rates across all countries, particularly countries in emerging markets such as Latvia.Originality/valueThis is one of the first known studies of an NPO in the emerging market of Latvia, in general, and in the Latvian healthcare sector specifically. As there is a dearth of research in this field of study, and the fact that NPO growth is a critical component of society growth in emerging markets, there is an important contribution to be made to both practice, and society, from the findings from this research.
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Manuel Sanchez Vazquez, Jose, Gloria Cuevas Rodriguez, and Tauno Kekale. "The role of control systems in partner selection/evaluation processes in established distribution channels." Baltic Journal of Management 9, no. 4 (September 30, 2014): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-11-2011-0102.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the partner selection/evaluation processes in established distribution channels (DCs) and the role played by control systems (CS) over major changes in the internal complexity and the external uncertainty of the distribution network. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a longitudinal case study of a manufacturing firm and its outsourced DC. Findings – Over time, the manufacturer's market-focused strategy provoked the adoption through CS of more objective and formal selection processes. It was very clear in this case that while the growth of internal complexity indeed required changes towards formalisation, only the rapidly increasing environmental uncertainty in the 1990s required significantly more elaborate CS to evaluate partners. Research limitations/implications – Original longitudinal case – limitations typical for such design of study, e.g. not possible to expand the findings out of company type and historical periods. Practical implications – The process of selecting partners, because it is ongoing, requires a formal and active involvement from CS; no CS are indefinitely stable but must be developed whenever significant internal or environmental changes occur. The changes to counter internal complexity seem less elaborate than the changes required by external uncertainty. Originality/value – Original longitudinal case illustrates the screening and signalling mechanisms used by both parties to provide information to each other in three different internal complexity/environmental uncertainty scenarios.
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Menzato, Federica, Luca Bosa, Armando Sifna, Luisa Da Silva, Elena Gasperoni, Maddalena Martella, Mamadu Saliu Sanha, et al. "Successful Simultaneous Screening of Sickle Cell Disease, HIV and Tuberculosis in Rural Guinea Bissau, West Africa through Rapid Tests and a Standardized Clinical Questionnaire: An Outreach Program Due to a Public-Private Partnership." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119006.
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Abstract Introduction: Previous studies demonstrated that sickle cell disease (SCD), HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) represent high, yet under recognized health issues in Guinea Bissau, West Africa. A public National Reference Center for TB, Hospital Raoul Follereau (HRF) managed by the Italian NGO AHEAD is present in the capital city of Bissau with specialized local health staff capable of managing HIV and TB; the hospital has a SCD Clinic. Access to health services for rural population is limited and in some villages basic health care and routine screening are also seldom available due to lack of resources, specialized staff or diagnostic capacity. Therefore, people are not diagnosed or diagnosed late for SCD, HIV, TB. Nevertheless, rapid tests for both HIV and SCD are available on the market and one for TB is being developed. Simultaneous screening of three big diseases at the point of care (POC) in rural areas would allow saving of time and resources, while identifying people in need of further specialized diagnostic or follow up. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous screening of HIV, SCD and TB at the POC in a rural area of Guinea Bissau through rapid tests for HIV and SCD and a standardized clinical questionnaire (Figure 1) with clinical examination for TB. To identify patients with HIV, SCD or both and enroll them in appropriate follow up programs; to identify suspects of TB eligible for in depth diagnostic screening. Methods: During the first phase of the project a temporary outreach health post was organized for 10 days in March 2018 in the village of Fanhè, by the NGO AGB already operating in the village. 1) The chiefs of the rural community village informed all the households through collective meetings and home visits regarding the objectives and modalities of the health project after accepting the proposal made by the NGOs and the HRF staff (February-March 2018); 2) the local chiefs organized a schedule of visits according to households; 3) 3 nurses and 2 physicians from the HRF in Bissau, linguistically competent for Creole and local dialects, administered the standardized questionnaire and the physical examination respectively; 3) 2 pediatric residents from Italy aided in clinical examination, a nurse and 2 other physicians in performing the rapid tests for HIV (Determine®) and SCD (Sickle Scan, Biomedomics) after informed consent; patients with Sickle Scan positive results were immediately collected another blood sample on Guthrie card for molecular analysis confirmation to be performed in Italy at the Azienda Ospedaliera Università di Padova. During the second phase of the project (April-May 2018) subjects with suspect of TB and/or HIV received free transportation to the HRF for TB diagnostic evaluation according to the national protocol and second HIV confirmatory test. Results: All 898 inhabitants (32 families) accepted the screening and performed clinical examination with clinical questionnaire; all performed the finger prick for HIV and SCD rapid test. At SickleScan 16 were HbSA (children 9/16); none were HbAC or HbSS. All received information on the carrier state. At Determine 61 were HIV positive (children 9/61). 93 presented clinical suspect of TB (children 33/93). 12 had a suspected of TB and were HIV positive(children: 2/12). For subjects with a suspect of TB or who were HIV positive free transportation was arranged to the HRF for complete TB diagnostic workup and second HIV confirmatory Rapid Test. All HIV positive tests were confirmed and patients enrolled in clinical care in a nearby village; 30% of patients with TB suspect had the diagnosis confirmed by Xray/sputum smear examination and were enrolled in appropriate care programss. All 16 Sicklescan positive HbSA samples underwent molecular analysis and the results were confirmed. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of a simultaneous population screening at the POC in rural areas for three "big diseases" (SCD, HIV and TB) through a temporary outreach clinic organized by local specialized staff in collaboration with local communities and international Academic Institutions and NGOs. The simultaneous screening with rapid test and standardized clinical examination is a model that could replicated in other rural settings in low resource countries. A further pilot study which will include a rapid test for TB, HIV and SCD is currently being planned. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Colombatti: NOVARTIS: Consultancy; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy; BlueBirdBio: Consultancy; ADDMEDICA: Consultancy.
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Weismüller, Josef, René Thieme, Albrecht Hoffmeister, Tobias Weismüller, and Ines Gockel. "Barrett-Screening: rationale, aktuelle Konzepte und Perspektiven." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 99, no. 04 (April 2020): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1071-1863.
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ZusammenfassungDer Barrett-Ösophagus (BE) stellt den wichtigsten Risikofaktor für das ösophageale Adenokarzinom dar. Derzeit ist kein hinreichend effizientes Screening-Programm verfügbar, um in der Gesamtpopulation Patienten mit einem hohen Risiko für ein ösophageales Adenokarzinom auf dem Boden eines Barrett-Ösophagus zu identifizieren. Das aktuelle endoskopische Screening zielt auf symptomatische Refluxpatienten, aus denen sich aber nur ein Teil der Risikopatienten rekrutiert. Derzeit werden verschiedene neue Verfahren untersucht, die die Effektivität des Screenings deutlich erhöhen könnten.Selektive Literaturrecherche in MEDLINE/PubMed unter Berücksichtigung deutscher und internationaler Leitlinien.Alternative Screening-Verfahren könnten 2-stufig angelegt sein: Zunächst die Identifikation von Personen „at risk“ über eine Erfassung geeigneter biologischer Marker, dann deren gezielte endoskopisch-bioptische Abklärung, Risikostratifikation, Überwachung (Surveillance) und ggf. Therapie. Neue diagnostische Methoden wie der Cytosponge® in Kombination mit einer Auswertung von Markern für Barrett-Schleimhaut könnten einen wesentlichen Fortschritt darstellen.Barrett-Karzinome zeigen nach wie vor eine zunehmende Inzidenz und eine (trotz therapeutischer Fortschritte) ungünstige Prognose, wobei aber Patienten mit Barrett-Frühkarzinomen eine gute Prognose hinsichtlich Langzeitüberleben aufweisen. Eine verbesserte Früherkennung ist dringend wünschenswert, da bisher die meisten Patienten erst im fortgeschrittenen Stadium endoskopisch diagnostiziert werden, was eine kurative Therapie erschwert. Nur eine effiziente frühzeitige Identifizierung von Risikopatienten mit Barrett-Ösophagus durch ein praktikables Screening-Programm auf Populationsebene wird zur Verbesserung der Prognose beitragen können.
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Weismüller, Josef, René Thieme, Albrecht Hoffmeister, Tobias Weismüller, and Ines Gockel. "Barrett-Screening: Rationale, aktuelle Konzepte und Perspektiven." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 57, no. 03 (March 2019): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0832-2647.
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ZusammenfassungDer Barrett-Ösophagus (BE) stellt den wichtigsten Risikofaktor für das ösophageale Adenokarzinom dar. Derzeit ist kein hinreichend effizientes Screening-Programm verfügbar, um in der Gesamtpopulation Patienten mit einem hohen Risiko für ein ösophageales Adenokarzinom auf dem Boden eines Barrett-Ösophagus zu identifizieren. Das aktuelle endoskopische Screening zielt auf symptomatische Refluxpatienten, aus denen sich aber nur ein Teil der Risikopatienten rekrutiert. Derzeit werden verschiedene neue Verfahren untersucht, die die Effektivität des Screenings deutlich erhöhen könnten.Selektive Literaturrecherche in MEDLINE/PubMed unter Berücksichtigung deutscher und internationaler Leitlinien.Alternative Screening-Verfahren könnten zweistufig angelegt sein: Zunächst die Identifikation von Personen „at risk“ über eine Erfassung geeigneter biologischer Marker, dann deren gezielte endoskopisch-bioptische Abklärung, Risikostratifikation, Überwachung (Surveillance) und ggf. Therapie. Neue diagnostische Methoden wie der Cytosponge® in Kombination mit einer Auswertung von Markern für Barrett-Schleimhaut könnten einen wesentlichen Fortschritt darstellen.Barrett-Karzinome zeigen nach wie vor eine zunehmende Inzidenz und eine (trotz therapeutischer Fortschritte) ungünstige Prognose, wobei aber Patienten mit Barrett-Frühkarzinomen eine gute Prognose hinsichtlich Langzeitüberleben aufweisen. Eine verbesserte Früherkennung ist dringend wünschenswert, da bisher die meisten Patienten erst im fortgeschrittenen Stadium endoskopisch diagnostiziert werden, was eine kurative Therapie erschwert. Nur eine effiziente frühzeitige Identifizierung von Risikopatienten mit Barrett-Ösophagus durch ein praktikables Screening-Programm auf Populationsebene wird zur Verbesserung der Prognose beitragen können.
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Freebury, Jane. "Screening Australia: Gallipoli — A Study of Nationalism on Film." Media Information Australia 43, no. 1 (February 1987): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8704300102.
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Before Crocodile Dundee it seemed that only the frenzied energy of a film like Mad Max could get results in the lucrative markets outside Australia. Now it seems a feature film with Australian content in large measure can do this after all. Now is probably a good time to ask ourselves some questions: Do we want to produce films made to a formula for international success? Or do we want to produce films that have special meaning for us, films that we can ‘participate’ in? Is it possible to make films that trade in both currencies, national and international?
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Loch, D. S., C. M. Zorin, and B. R. Skinner. "Screening new melon (Cucumis melo) cultivars from international seed companies for Australian markets." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1127 (November 2016): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1127.68.
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Akande, T. O., A. S. Agboola, and F. P. Okunola. "Mycological and chemical screening of maize at open Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.507.
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The aim of the present study was to screen maize at the open markets in Osun state, Nigeria to determine species of fungi total aflatoxin content and changes inproximate, energy and some vitamins content of maize grains. A total of forty five mouldy maize samples were collected from the six different open markets within the region which were later bulked into six representative samples (20-50Kg) for each market while Aflasafe maize, obtained from the Internationa lInstitute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) was used as a control.There presentative samples from the bulk were taken for proximate,selected vitamins and total aflatoxin contents determination.The quantitative enumeration of fungias colony forming units per gram of the grains (CFU/g) was performed using the surface spread method in different culture media. The results of fungi profile were further expressed as fungal isolation frequency (IF) and relative density (RD). Twelve (12) species and seven fungi genera were isolated in this study. The total fungi count ranged from 1.50x10 to 2.1X10 CFU/g in the six different locations. Aspergillus flavus, Rhyzopus stolonifer and Aspergillus glaucus were the most prevalent species Aspergillus and Rhizopus species occurred at 100% and 87% (IF) respectively. The toxigenic species of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicellium had 85.7%,14.3% and 14.3% RD respectively. The proximate contents of the mouldy maize reduced by 11.54% for crude protein, 12.72% for ether extract and 1.12% for ash while about 5% caloric loss was observed. Total Aflatoxin in mouldy maize rose from near zero in aflasafe maize to 267.41µg/Kg with an average value of 142.0µg/Kg in mouldy maize while retinol and tocopherol contents were depleted by 48.7% and 37.6% respectively. This study indicated substantial loss of nutrients and reduced feed value in maize due to mould contamination and the need for continuous assessment offered ingredients particularly maize for mycological and nutritive status in order to feed animals for optimal performance
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Van Niekerk, Antoinette, and Wilma Viviers. "Promoting sustainable economic growth in South Africa through the production and export of low-carbon environmental goods." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 17, no. 4 (August 29, 2014): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v17i4.607.
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Many countries, particularly those in the developing world, are under increasing pressure to improve their growth rates in order to tackle pressing economic problems at the domestic level. Increasing export volumes can make a positive contribution to a country’s economic growth rate, but it can also endanger the environment. How to reconcile the often conflicting phenomena of increased export activity, stronger economic growth and a lower carbon footprint is the focus of this study. A core outcome of the study was the creation of a single list using a cross-section of international sources, of low-carbon environmental goods, and their ranking according to their inherent ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, South Africa’s capacity to produce them, and their economic benefits, as reflected in the export opportunities they present. These export opportunities were revealed through the application of the Decision Support Model (DSM), an export market selection tool that incorporates a systematic filtering and screening system. The results of the analysis should help guide policymakers in their strategic deliberations on which export sectors to incentivise and support with a view to encouraging more ‘green’ growth in South Africa in the years ahead. diffusion of such goods. If the production and export of environmental goods were to increase, it could have a potentially positive effect on economic and environmental objectives, such as raising economic growth rates and lowering greenhouse gas intensity, respectively. For the purpose of this study, an analysis of four existing lists of environmental goods led to the identification of 39 core environmental goods. These 39 goods were ranked according to three criteria: i) the potential environmental benefits of each environmental good, using consensus among role players as a proxy; ii) South Africa’s capacity to produce each environmental good, using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of each good as a proxy; and iii) the potential economic benefits of each environmental good, using the potential export value as calculated by Steenkamp (2011) in the Decision Support Model (DSM) as a proxy. It emerged that the top five low-carbon environmental goods are: photosensitive semiconductors (HS-6: 854140); towers and masts (HS-6: 730820); electrical control and distribution boards (HS-6: 853710); gearing and screws (HS-6: 848340); and static converters (HS-6: 850440). In addition, the intensive and extensive product-country export opportunities for these top five low-carbon environmental goods were identified.
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El Maknouzi, Mohammed El Hadi, and Iyad Mohammad Jadalhaq. "Where are Islamic finance indices pointing towards?" Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 28, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-03-2019-0040.
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Purpose This paper aims to survey the screening practices and regulatory arrangements that can be gleaned from the experience of Islamic financial indices on international stock markets. Such indices can be regarded as experiments in the demarcation of “pockets” of Sharī‘ah-compliant securities exchange, in the context of non-Sharī‘ah-compliant stock markets. They offer valuable regulatory precedent, with a view to the development of a transnational domain of Islamic financial transactions. Design/methodology/approach The paper leverages the experience of Islamic financial indices for charting the fault lines between the foundational principles of Islamic finance, and those of interest-based investment commonly accepted on international financial markets. It subsequently reviews the most salient regulatory arrangements in place for discriminating between permissible and forbidden securities and modes of trading, as implemented on Islamic financial indices. These include selection criteria for index inclusion, and Sharī‘ah committees with ex ante and ex post supervisory duties. Findings The paper makes a case for viewing Islamic finance indices on international capital markets as capacity-building experiments for the regulation of transnational Islamic financial flows. Originality/value The study rejuvenates the pragmatic approach towards the development of Islamic capital markets, by suggesting that incremental organisational innovations, as developed in connection with Islamic financial indices, can build institutional capacity towards an economy that abides by Islamic values.
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Chinivasagam, Nalini, Wiyada Estella, Samuel Cockerill, Lance Maddock, David Mayer, Craig Billington, Aruni Premaratne, Lu Liang, Phillipa Connerton, and Ian Connerton. "A Biocontrol Option to Control a Foodborne Pathogen; Using Campylobacter Bacteriophages to Control Campylobacter in Poultry." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036162.
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Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses both in Australia and internationally, and is frequently found in poultry. There is a need for sustainable options to support current farm management strategies that address food-safety. The use of bacteriophages provides a safe biocontrol option. A collaborative study by the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (QLD), the University of Nottingham (UK) and the Institute of Environmental Science and Research (NZ) is focused on the control of Campylobacter in broiler chickens. Campylobacter bacteriophages were sourced from Queensland poultry farms and following extensive screening, suitable candidates to be used in cocktails were identified. This followed an on-farm proof of concept study on a small sample of chickens, using selected cocktail candidates, to provide an understanding of the hurdles for practical application. The trial demonstrated a 2-log CFU/g reduction of Campylobacter in the caeca of treated birds compared to non-treated (p < 0.05). Another important finding of this study was the absence of bacteriophage resistance, a concern with phage therapy. Work at ESR has addressed approaches to select and adapt bacteriophage cocktails to particular hosts, which included screening against NZ and Australian hosts. This approach enabled the formulation of high performing bacteriophage cocktails for Australian and international markets. Work in the UK is exploring the understanding of the host-bacteriophage relationships to ensure safety to meet regulatory requirements and support potential scale-up options. In summary, the work in progress via international collaborations is aimed at delivering a safe biocontrol option that can meet both commercial and regulatory needs aiming at controlling on-farm Campylobacter.
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Sturgeon, Catharine. "Practice Guidelines for Tumor Marker Use in the Clinic." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 1151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.8.1151.
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Abstract Background: Increasing interest in implementing the practice of evidence-based medicine in oncology has encouraged the development of clinical guidelines, many of which include recommendations about the appropriate use of serum tumor markers. Methods: Recent national and international guidelines relating to the use of tumor markers in germ cell, colorectal, breast, ovarian, prostate, lung, neuroendocrine, and thyroid cancers were identified from the scientific literature and other sources and tabulated. Results: Guideline recommendations developed by national and international groups and relating to the use of tumor markers for specific cancers are reviewed and compared, considering the recommendations made for their use in screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of therapy. Potential advantages and disadvantages of clinical guidelines, how best to implement them, and means of auditing their effectiveness are also considered. Conclusions: Excellent clinical guidelines, including recommendations for the most appropriate use of tumor markers, are already available for many cancers. Many questions relating to optimal use of these important tests remain to be answered, but current guidelines already contain much valuable information and advice. Further dissemination and implementation of the guidelines should encourage better use of tumor markers in clinical practice. Careful audit studies are also required to establish the impact of these guidelines on the practice of evidence-based medicine.
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Bahmane, Ludmila. "A TURBULENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AS A CRITERIA OF OPTIMAL STRATEGY TO ENTER INTERNATIONAL MARKETS." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 22, 2017): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.893.
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This work provides an analysis of marketing solutions and developments algorithm for Latvian enterprises entering into foreign markets based on an example of 185 studies made under the supervision of the author. The proposed algorithm is a part of the pedagogical activities in higher education institution of Latvia (RISEBA) over the last 10 years and it suggests the training of new marketing solutions development techniques in conditions of the turbulent business environment. The application of the proposed algorithm assumes the use of modern marketing technologies, including matrix methods, cluster, and screening analysis. The algorithm proposed is being analyzed on the example of Latvian enterprises. This work describes the use of the author’s proposed matrix of “consumer’s demand for creativity (novelty),” that is relevant in the development of creative marketing management solutions of such business spheres, where the novelty of products (services) is an important competitive advantage. The high versatility, simplicity and availability is proven for mastering and using the proposed algorithm.