Books on the topic 'International market potential'
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1
Wincoop, Eric Van. How big are potential welfare gains from international sharing? [New York, N.Y.]: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 1998.
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2
AMEC, Inc. Analysis of the foreign market potential for Montana processed beef. Bozeman, Mont: AMEC, 1986.
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3
Lewis, Karen K. Is the international diversification potential diminishing?: Foreign equity inside and outside the U.S. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
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4
Nijhoff, J. J. Recent developments and future potential of Zambia's international maize trade: A brief analysis of the potential role for Zambia on the international grain market. Lusaka: Marketing Management Assistance Project, 1995.
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5
Materials, United States Congress House Committee on Commerce Subcommittee on Finance and Hazardous. PNTR: Opening the world's biggest potential market to American financial services competition : hearing before the Subcommittee on Finance and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, 2nd session, May 23, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.
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6
Karl Polanyi, globalisation and the potential of law in transnational markets. Oxford: Hart, 2011.
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7
Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. Economic and Commercial Analysis Directorate. The potential effects of cultured shrimp production on the principal international markets and canadian cold water shrimp demand. Ottawa: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1990.
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8
van Kooten, G. Cornelis, and Linda Voss, eds. International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0000.
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Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.
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Grigoryan, Ekaterina. Integrated quality management system at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1095033.
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In modern conditions, an integrated quality management system (ISMC) that meets the requirements of several international standards and contributes to improving the efficiency of enterprise management, creating conditions for its sustainable development, as well as the competitiveness of the enterprise and its products is becoming more and more popular.
The monograph considers theoretical and methodological approaches to quality management at the enterprise. The relevance of the application of an integrated quality management system, including at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex (MIC), consisting in the most effective management of the enterprise, energy efficiency and resource conservation, is justified.
The assessment of the use of quality management tools at the defense industry enterprises was carried out, the trends in the development of defense industry enterprises were substantiated, a marketing approach was applied to the classification of defense industry enterprises, in particular by market type, which allows identifying potential consumers of enterprises ' products, the degree of production diversification.
Organizational and economic approaches to the formation of an integrated quality management system are presented. The procedure for creating an ISMC is considered. The methodology and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of ISMC are substantiated.
The presented material is of practical importance and can be useful to specialists in quality management, graduate students, researchers, teachers.
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Technology, Society for Underwater, ed. Underwater construction: Development and potential : proceedings of an international conference (The market for underwater construction). London, UK: Graham & Trotman, 1987.
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11
Horatia Muir, Watt. Part III Regimes and Doctrines, Ch.42 Theorizing Private International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198701958.003.0043.
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This chapter focuses on the social and economic consequences of private international law, both for the distribution of power in a transnational setting and for issues of identity and community in a world in which new polities are emerging. Furthermore, it highlights the potential insights provided by each of three explanatory models, which in some novel combination may help pave the way towards a renewed theoretical approach to private international law. The three models to be considered are based on conflict, cooperation, and competition. Each uses a distinct vocabulary: protection of sovereignty or state interests, conflicts of systems or, more recently, norm-collision; international harmony, comity, enlightened self-interest, or the mutual convenience of nations; and regulatory arbitrage and competition, a free market for legal products and judicial services, and the interests of the business community.
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Newman, Abraham L., and Elliot Posner. Voluntary Disruptions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818380.001.0001.
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From home mortgages to iPhones, basic elements of our daily lives depend on international markets. The astonishing complexity of these exchanges may seem ungoverned. Yet the global economy remains deeply bound by rules. Far from the staid world of treaties and state-to-state diplomacy, governance increasingly relies on a different class of international market regulation—soft law—composed of voluntary standards, best practices, and recommended guidance created by a motley assortment of organizations. Voluntary Disruptions argues that international soft law is deeply political, shaping the winners and losers of globalization. Some observers focus on soft law’s potential to solve problems and coordinate market participants. Voluntary Disruptions widens the discussion, shifting attention to the ways soft law provides new political resources to some groups while not to others and alters the sites of contestation and the actors who participate in them. Highlighting two mechanisms—legitimacy claims and arena expansion—the book explains how soft law, typically viewed as limited by its voluntary nature, disrupts and transforms the politics of economic governance. Using financial regulation as its laboratory, Voluntary Disruptions explains the remarkable pre-crisis alignment of US and European approaches to governing markets, the rise and prominence of transnational industry associations in the 1990s and 2000s, and the ambivalence of US reforms toward international market cooperation in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. Rethinking scholarly and policy approaches to international soft law, Voluntary Disruptions answers enduring and pressing questions about global finance, international relations, and power.
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Coal for domestic & international markets : a guide for potential investors. [Enugu]: Enugu International Trade Fair Complex, 1997.
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14
Shirai, Sayuri. Tokyo. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817314.003.0009.
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Japan has endeavoured to develop its capital Tokyo as one of the top global financial centres. Japan’s advantages are the sheer size of its economy (the third largest in terms of gross domestic product), the status of the Japanese yen as the third international currency after the United States dollar and the euro, and large financial and capital markets with abundant capital. Tokyo has the potential to become a regional financial centre that transfers excess capital to emerging Asian economies. This vision has not fully materialized because Japan’s financial investment continues to be destined towards the United States and Europe and in the form of relatively safe debt securities. Moreover, Japan’s capital remains largely risk-averse, contributing to lack of diversity in domestic capital markets and limited provision of risk capital to the world. This chapter takes an overview of Japan’s financial and capital market developments.
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Stoneman, Paul, Eleonora Bartoloni, and Maurizio Baussola. Product Innovation and the Policy Dimension. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816676.003.0013.
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This chapter offers three rationales as to why governments intervene in the product innovation process: the principle ‘more is better’; international comparisons; and market failure. Policy instruments are discussed in the light of earlier findings that firms that are innovative in one dimension tend to be innovative in others. The constraints to innovation (also touched upon in earlier chapters), institutional intellectual property rights and the optimality of their respective lives are discussed. A number of policies are then explored, with some consideration of potential attempts to transfer activities from competing economies and the potential to generate international disputes and reactions. Some policies may operate on the demand side, stimulating the use of product innovation in the domestic economy regardless of wherefrom they come. In these discussions design and creative activities as well as R&D are considered, as are innovations that are aesthetic and not just functional.
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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific., ed. Non-tariff measures with potentially restrictive market access implications emerging in a post-Uruguay Round context. New York: United Nations, 2000.
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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific., ed. Non-tariff measures with potentially restrictive market access implications emerging in a post-Uruguay Round context. New York: United Nations, 2000.
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18
Chadwick, Anna. Law and the Political Economy of Hunger. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823940.001.0001.
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This book offers the first in-depth analysis of the significance of law in the context of world hunger. The book takes as its starting point the global food crisis in 2007–08—a crisis said to have been exacerbated by financial speculators ‘gambling’ on the price of food via commodity derivatives. Challenging the tendency to attribute the highly differentiated impact of the crisis to an underlying condition of ‘food insecurity’, the author relates the role that international law has played in making some populations ‘food insecure’ in the first instance. The book then examines recent developments in the financialization of agriculture and links these developments to structural changes in the global economy since the 1980s. Food commodity speculation—the practice linked to the causation of the global food crisis—is used as a case study to explore the interaction of regimes of law that attempt to regulate market conduct and legal regimes that create markets and enable them to operate. The tension between efforts to regulate speculative market behaviour and bodies of private law that anticipate and operationalize that same behaviour is exposed. The book concludes with a critical analysis of the potential of a human right to adequate food to address the problem of world hunger. Far from being the result of a lack of regulation, or even unrealized human rights, the book argues that prevalence of hunger in the contemporary period is a product of capitalist political economy and the legal structures that underpin it.
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Tim, Peterson, and Harrow Shoshanna. 10 Documentation of Project Bonds. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715559.003.0011.
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Project bonds issued in the international capital markets are used as a source of, or to refinance, project capital. Project bonds are securities and therefore subject to regulations requiring adequate disclosure for investors and restrictions on where and to whom the bonds may be marketed. Advantages of project bonds as compared to loans include improved operational flexibility and the potential for improved price, size, and tenor. Relative disadvantages include regulatory and credit rating requirements, consent and intercreditor issues, and the inability to have multiple drawdowns. The chapter describes the Rule 144A and Regulation S exemptions from US registration, their attendant selling restrictions, the due diligence process, and typical project bond documentation, including the offering circular, underwriting agreement, and indenture.
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Clift, Ben. French Economic Policy. Edited by Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman, and Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.23.
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This chapter explores contemporary economic policy and state–market relations in France against the backdrop of comparative political economy debates about interventionism in the economy and international political economy debates about capital mobility and policy autonomy. Charting contemporary theoretical and empirical developments in the French case and beyond, the chapter explores how to situate economic policy within institutional and ideational context, and how interests can be brought into explanation. These three “i”s, it argues, represent different but not mutually exclusive ways to explore economic policy autonomy amidst international liberalization. It argues that insights from each of the three “i”s’ literatures have enhanced understandings of French economic policy, and informed its conduct to different degrees across the decades. It concludes with the potential for “post-dirigisme” to frame future research exploring the tension between the creeping influence of rules-based policymaking, co-existing and conflicting with enduring dirigiste practices and aspirations within French economic governance.
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Picarelli, John T. Crime: The Illicit Global Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.136.
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Transnational crimes are crimes that have actual or potential effect across national borders and crimes that are intrastate but offend fundamental values of the international community. The word “transnational” describes crimes that are not only international, but crimes that by their nature involve cross-border transference as an essential part of the criminal activity. Transnational crimes also include crimes that take place in one country, but their consequences significantly affect another country and transit countries may also be involved. Examples of transnational crimes include: human trafficking, people smuggling, smuggling/trafficking of goods, sex slavery, terrorism offences, torture and apartheid. Contemporary transnational crimes take advantage of globalization, trade liberalization and new technologies to perpetrate diverse crimes and to move money, goods, services, and people instantaneously for purposes of perpetrating violence for political ends. While these global costs of criminal activity are huge, the role of this criminal market in the broader international economic system, and its effects on domestic state institutions and economies, has not received widespread attention from an international political economy (IPE) or political science perspective. Given the limits on the exercise of extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction, states have developed mechanisms to cooperate in transnational criminal matters. The primary mechanisms used in this regard are extradition, lawful removal, and mutual legal assistance.
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Blitz, Brad K. Highly Skilled Migration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.209.
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Evidence shows that international flows of highly skilled workers are increasing, both between advanced states and between advanced and developing regions. The movement of skilled people around the globe is driven by a variety of political forces, including governments’ continued efforts to address domestic labor shortages and restock through preferential immigration policies and international recruitment drives. For social scientists, the unprecedented movement of highly skilled labor across the globe calls into question earlier approaches to the study of migration. Where international highly skilled workers were treated in the classical sociological literature on migration as a small population that reflected both the potential for human capital transfers between states and, more controversially, a corresponding “brain drain” from source countries, the realities of transnational migration now complicate this picture. The expansion of the European Union and other forms of regional cooperation have given rise to important trade liberalizing agreements, producing a truly global migration market and the policy context for much contemporary research. More studies are needed to tackle issues relevant to the study of skilled migration, such as estimates of skilled migrants, longitudinal studies of circular migration, and analyses of the differentiation of migrants by occupational group and country of origin, along with the relative access that such groups enjoy in the receiving state.
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Economic & Social Commission for Asia & the Pacific, the Pacific, Social Commission for Asia, and United Nations Economic. Non-tariff Measures with Potentially Restrictive Market Access Implications Emerging in a Post-Uruguay Round Context (Studies in Trade and Investment). United Nations, 2000.
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24
Henry G, Burnett, and Bret Louis-Alexis. Part I Host States, Mining Companies, and Mining Projects, 3 Other Actors in the Mining Industry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198757641.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on players other than Host States and mining companies in the mining industry. These include prospectors, geologists, mining engineers, metallurgical engineers, trading houses, smelters, assayers, and investment banks. Prospectors play an important role in generating showings (evidence of localized mineralization), which are later optioned, acquired, or explored by mining companies. Geologists specialize in exploring and identifying new mines. Mining engineers specialize in mine design while metallurgical engineers devise and design the processes and physical installations necessary to process raw ore into refined metals or minerals. Most mining companies do not market or sell their production, relying instead on trading houses to buy their output, or selling it to large industrial users under long-term supply and purchase agreements. Smelters process the ore mined into refined metals. Assayers perform the chemical and metallurgical tests on samples of ores or minerals to determine the amount of valuable metals contained. Investment banks arrange the financing for mining projects. These different actors and activities entail specific risks and varying potential for international disputes.
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Henry G, Burnett, and Bret Louis-Alexis. Part II Key Risks and Disputes Associated with International Mining Projects, 8 Financing Disputes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198757641.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the three main types of financing for mining projects and their respective potential for international disputes. These main forms of financing are: equity financing, debt financing, and alternative forms of financing such as royalty financing and stream financing. Equity financing is the most widespread form of financing. It is particularly popular with junior mining companies that do not have the possibility to tap debt markets. Debt financing is often used by mid-tier and major mining companies seeking to develop new projects or expand their operations. Amongst the different forms of debt financing available to mining companies, project finance is the most widely-used for international mining projects. Alternative forms of financing (including royalty financing and stream financing) have emerged over the past thirty years as a viable alternative to equity and debt.
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Singh, Dalvinder. European Cross-Border Banking and Banking Supervision. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844754.001.0001.
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This book provides timely analysis of the cross-border exercise of banking activity in the EU and its supervision, from the perspective of the ‘home-host rule’. It examines the current system and the efficacy of recent reforms considering whether the centralization of decision making and a more effective mutualization of financing tools could increase the efficiency of the EU banking system. The EU banking market is very integrated since banking institutions based in the Union are free to perform their activities within the common market. This has allowed EU banking institutions to significantly increase their cross-border operations. This way of working is based on the home country control principle according to which EU institutions performing cross-border activities continue to be supervised by their home country supervisor. However, this system has raised challenges for effectively performing supervision and resolution. The book analyses how far recent reforms under the banking union regime have addressed these issues. It analyses the main pillars of the banking union. It also analyses how international standards and EU requirements undertake to divide responsibilities between the home and host state and the extent to which they align interests between the home and host and minimize potential conflicts of interests. The book provides a valuable resource for academics researching on central banking union and regulation, and helps legal practitioners to address questions of supervision, resolution, and insolvency with a cross-border element.
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von Bernstorff, Jochen. “Community Interests” and the Role of International Law in the Creation of a Global Market for Agricultural Land. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0015.
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The chapter explores the notion of “community interests” with regard to the global “land-grab” phenomenon. Over the last decade, a dramatic increase of foreign investment in agricultural land could be observed. Bilateral investment treaties protect around 75 per cent of these large-scale land acquisitions, many of which came with associated social problems, such as displaced local populations and negative consequences for food security in Third World countries receiving these large-scale foreign investments. Hence, two potentially conflicting areas of international law are relevant in this context: Economic, social, and cultural rights and the principles of permanent sovereignty over natural resources and “food sovereignty” challenging large-scale investments on the one hand, and specific norms of international economic law stabilizing them on the other. The contribution discusses the usefulness of the concept of “community interests” in cases where the two colliding sets of norms are both considered to protect such interests.
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Beeson, Mark. Environmental Authoritarianism and China. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.14.
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China has recently become the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases and the focus of growing international attention as a result. One of the most noteworthy features of China’s response to climate change is the fact that it is being overseen by an authoritarian government that has a greater capacity to implement potentially difficult reforms. Indeed, China appears to be developing a form of “environmental authoritarianism” that stands in marked contrast to the approach taken in much of the West. This chapter traces the emergence of this policy approach, exploring both its domestic origins and international impact. Whether China’s ruling elites will be able to successfully manage rising domestic and international expectations about environmental management remains to be seen. In the meantime it provides an important and illuminating comparative model.
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Nguyen, Marguerite. “Like We Lost Our Citizenship”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037832.003.0011.
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This concluding chapter examines representations of Vietnamese Americans before and after Hurricane Katrina. The recuperation of American political and military might in the 1980s marked a transition in representations of Vietnamese Americans, as the New Orleans media began to focus on stories of Vietnamese American economic and educational “success.” Nevertheless, Vietnamese Americans lived more or less under the radar until about thirty years later, when they were once again thrust into the media limelight because of their quick return and recovery after Hurricane Katrina. Once potential objects of New Orleans exclusion, Vietnamese Americans now represented the city at its best, with national and international media outlets upholding the community's efforts as a story of hope and achievement in the aftermath of disaster.
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Munro, James. Exceptions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828709.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 provides an overview of the availability and applicability of exceptions that could potentially save aspects of emissions trading schemes that otherwise violate international economic law. Drawing on the justifications set out in respect of those impugned aspects of emissions trading schemes in Chapter 8, Chapter 9 explains which of those justifications might be permissible under international economic law, and the kind of evidence that would be required to make out a successful defence. This chapter finds that justifications that are rationally connected to the goal of mitigating climate change or safeguarding financial markets, and which deploy the least trade-restrictive means possible, could form the basis of a defence in many instances. However, justifications that are grounded in other economic or social policy goals, or for which there is a less trade-restrictive means of achieving that end, will be less likely to save a measure that is otherwise a violation of international economic law.
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Bolt, Paul J., and Sharyl N. Cross. The Sino–Russian Strategic Partnership. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719519.003.0006.
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The Conclusion reviews the volume’s major themes. Russia and China have common interests that cement their partnership, and are key players in shaping the international order. Both seek better relations with the West, but on the basis of “mutual respect” and “equality.” While the relationship has grown deeper, particularly since 2014, China and Russia are partners but not allies. Thus, their relationship is marked by burgeoning cooperation, but still areas of potential competition and friction. Russia in particular must deal with China’s growing relative power at the same time that it is isolated from the West. While the Russian–Chinese relationship creates challenges for the United States and Europe and a return of major power rivalry, there is also room for cooperation in the strategic triangle comprising China, Russia, and the West. Looking ahead, the world is in a period of dramatic transition.
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Hellman, Samuel. Research. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650551.003.0004.
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Research is an integral part of the author’s academic life. His clinical research began with how best to combine surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy to increase tumor cure. Since these modalities had different mechanisms of action as well as different toxicities and limitations, combining them offered the potential of more effective and less morbid treatments. While he began these studies with Hodgkin and other lymphomas, breast cancer was a major emphasis throughout his career. Lymphoma treatment has improved greatly, resulting in marked increases in cure rates. Breast cancer treatment now is more efficacious, with a significant reduction in the extent of surgery and its resulting functional and aesthetic effects. The author was an active participant in these efforts internationally. With Ralph Weichselbaum’s group he has shown how metastases can be cured early in their evolution.
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Posner, Elliot. Financial Regulatory Cooperation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864576.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the cross-border politics of derivatives regulation. It first shows that negotiations over implementing the agreed G20 principles vary across regulatory areas, with cooperation in derivatives regulation standing out along several dimensions: a greater reliance on US‒EU bilateralism, the duration and difficulty of managing conflicts, and the pervasiveness of misperception. Finding prominent explanations unsatisfactory, this study instead attributes the pattern of observed difference in large part to variance in the pre-crisis development of transnational institutions. Compared to banking, the relatively underdeveloped transnational institutions for the regulation of derivatives markets left public officials with few resources for managing coordination at a moment of rapid domestic regulatory reforms. This chapter’s explanation thus combines scholarly research on the temporal effects of transnational institutions with insights from inter-state approaches. It takes seriously the potential for international institutions over time to condition and structure politics—beyond their creators’ original intent.
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Sheppard, Charles R. C., Simon K. Davy, Graham M. Pilling, and Nicholas A. J. Graham. Reef fisheries and reef aquaculture. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787341.003.0007.
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Fisheries are of key importance in provision of protein, livelihood opportunities and income to islanders and coastal populations with few alternative food sources, including some of the world’s poorest people. The variety of reef fisheries for reef-associated invertebrates and vertebrates around the world is examined. Fishing methods used and particular issues with these fisheries are discussed. Exploitation of reef resources also occurs to supply luxury food markets and hobbies related to aquaria, and the international live reef fish trade is highlighted. The development of reef-based aquaculture is examined, and issues that need to be addressed to deliver sustainable expansion of this approach are discussed. In the face of increasing pressures on reef resources from a number of sources, resultant impacts on reef renewable resources and the reef ecosystem are detailed, and potential ways in which fisheries management may control these pressures are described.
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Behrens, Paul. The Personal Inviolability of Diplomatic Agents in Emergency Situations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795940.003.0006.
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Personal inviolability is one of the oldest rights of diplomatic agents and is often considered to be at the root of diplomatic immunity. The wording it received in the Vienna Convention does not allow for any exceptions. But the absolute nature of the right can lead to difficulties—especially in situations in which diplomats themselves cause a danger to the general public or particular individuals. This chapter explores potential inroads under international law into the concept of inviolability and thus discusses the applicability of self-defence, necessity, and distress in situations of emergency. It also raises the question whether the human right to life imposes certain obligations on the receiving State which are capable of limiting diplomatic inviolability. In a concluding section, the chapter reflects on the justifications which are particularly likely to carry validity in situations marked by a need to deal with dangers arising from diplomatic actions.
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Tellis, Ashley J. US–India Relations. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.35.
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Throughout the Cold War, relations between the United States and India were defined by the two countries’ often mismatched worldviews, national priorities, and capabilities. These three factors prevented Washington and New Delhi from realizing the full potential of their relationship, despite the natural kinship bestowed by their shared identity as liberal democracies. Today, although Cold War-era non-alignment politics and the irritant of India’s exclusion from the international nuclear non-proliferation regime have largely abated, vestiges of these structural constraints persist even as India opens itself to global markets and undertakes economic reforms. To make good on the strategic partnership to which they have committed themselves and which is especially important given China’s rising power, both countries must define a minimally acceptable notion of reciprocity in their interactions by reconciling the American expectations of exchange-based relations with the Indian desire for a no-obligations partnership that preserves its strategic autonomy.
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Hundloe, Tor, Sarah Blagrove, and Hannah Ditton, eds. Australia's Role in Feeding the World. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486305902.
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Earth's human population currently exceeds 7 billion, and by the year 2050 our planet will have at least two billion more mouths to feed. When faced with providing food for so many people, the idea is often advanced that Australia will become the 'food bowl' of Asia. Australia currently grows enough food to feed about three times its population and agricultural exports are important to our economy; however, Australia's role in feeding the world needs careful consideration.
This highly topical book draws together the latest intelligence on the sustainable production and distribution of food and other products from Australian farms. It examines questions that policy-makers, farmers, politicians, agricultural scientists and the general public are asking about the potential productivity of our arable land, the environmental and economic impacts of seeking to increase productivity, and the value of becoming cleaner and greener in our agricultural output. With chapters on the emergence of new markets, consumer trends in China, the biophysical constraints on agricultural expansion, and the various products of Australian agriculture and aquaculture, Australia's Role in Feeding the World provides valuable insight into the future of agriculture in this nation.
The book is ideal reading for academics and students in agriculture, environmental sciences, economics, Australian studies, international development studies; agricultural practitioners; and the food production industry.
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Mesquita, Emersom C., and Fernando A. Bozza. Diagnosis and management of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0293.
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In a globalized scenario where widespread international travel allows viral agents to migrate from endemic to non-endemic areas, health care providers and critical care specialists must be able to readily recognize a suspected case of viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF). Early suspicion is pivotal for improving patient outcome and to ensure that appropriate biosafety measures be applied. VHFs are acute febrile illnesses marked by coagulation disorders and organ specific syndromes. VHFs represent a great medical challenge because diseases are associated with a high mortality rate and many VHFs have the potential for person-to-person transmission (Filoviruses, Arenavioruses, and Bunyaviroses). Dengue is the most frequent haemorrhagic viral disease and re-emergent infection in the world and, due to its public health relevance, severe dengue will receive special attention in this chapter. The diagnosis of VHFs is made by detecting specific antibodies, viral antigens (ELISA) and viral nucleic acid (RT-PCR) on blood samples. Supportive care is the cornerstone in the treatment of VHFs. Ribavirin should be started as soon as a case of VHF is suspected and discontinued if a diagnosis of Filovirus or Flavivirus infection is established. Adjunctive antimicrobial therapy is usually implemented to treat co-existing or secondary infections. Antimalarial treatment should also be initiated if a malaria test (thick blood films) is not quickly available and/or reliable and patients travel history is compatible. It is always recommended to apply appropriate biosafety measures and notify local infection control unit and state and national authorities.
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Trepulė, Elena, Airina Volungevičienė, Margarita Teresevičienė, Estela Daukšienė, Rasa Greenspon, Giedrė Tamoliūnė, Marius Šadauskas, and Gintarė Vaitonytė. Guidelines for open and online learning assessment and recognition with reference to the National and European qualification framework: micro-credentials as a proposal for tuning and transparency. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/9786094674792.
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These Guidelines are one of the results of the four-year research project “Open Online Learning for Digital and Networked Society” (2017-2021). The project objective was to enable university teachers to design open and online learning through open and online learning curriculum and environment applying learning analytics as a metacognitive tool and creating open and online learning assessment and recognition practices, responding to the needs of digital and networked society. The research of the project resulted in 10 scientific publications and 2 studies prepared by Vytautas Magnus university Institute of Innovative Studies research team in collaboration with their international research partners from Germany, Spain and Portugal. The final stage of the research attempted creating open and online learning assessment and recognition practices, responding to the learner needs in contemporary digital and networked society. The need for open learning recognition has been increasing during the recent decade while the developments of open learning related to the Covid 19 pandemics have dramatically increased the need for systematic and high-quality assessment and recognition of learning acquired online. The given time also relates to the increased need to offer micro-credentials to learners, as well as a rising need for universities to prepare for micro-credentialization and issue new digital credentials to learners who are regular students, as well as adult learners joining for single courses. The increased need of all labour - market participants for frequent and fast renewal of competences requires a well working and easy to use system of open learning assessment and recognition. For learners, it is critical that the micro-credentials are well linked to national and European qualification frameworks, as well as European digital credential infrastructures (e.g., Europass and similar). For employers, it is important to receive requested quality information that is encrypted in the metadata of the credential. While for universities, there is the need to properly prepare institutional digital infrastructure, organizational procedures, descriptions of open learning opportunities and virtual learning environments to share, import and export the meta-data easily and seamlessly through European Digital Hub service infrastructures, as well as ensure that academic and administrative staff has digital competencies to design, issue and recognise open learning through digital and micro-credentials. The first chapter of the Guidelines provides a background view of the European Qualification Framework and National Qualification frameworks for the further system of gaining, stacking and modelling further qualifications through open online learning. The second chapter suggests the review of current European policy papers and consultations on the establishment of micro-credentials in European higher education. The findings of the report of micro-credentials higher education consultation group “European Approach to Micro-credentials” is shortly introduced, as well as important policy discussions taking place. Responding to the Rome Bologna Comunique 2020, where the ministers responsible for higher education agreed to support lifelong learning through issuing micro-credentials, a joint endeavour of DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion and DG Research and Innovation resulted in one of the most important political documents highlighting the potential of micro-credentials towards economic, social and education innovations. The consultation group of experts from the Member States defined the approach to micro-credentials to facilitate their validation, recognition and portability, as well as to foster a larger uptake to support individual learning in any subject area and at any stage of life or career. The Consultation Group also suggested further urgent topics to be discussed, including the storage, data exchange, portability, and data standards of micro-credentials and proposed EU Standard of constitutive elements of micro-credentials. The third chapter is devoted to the institutional readiness to issue and to recognize digital and micro-credentials. Universities need strategic decisions and procedures ready to be enacted for assessment of open learning and issuing micro-credentials. The administrative and academic staff needs to be aware and confident to follow these procedures while keeping the quality assurance procedures in place, as well. The process needs to include increasing teacher awareness in the processes of open learning assessment and the role of micro-credentials for the competitiveness of lifelong learners in general. When the strategic documents and procedures to assess open learning are in place and the staff is ready and well aware of the processes, the description of the courses and the virtual learning environment needs to be prepared to provide the necessary metadata for the assessment of open learning and issuing of micro-credentials. Different innovation-driven projects offer solutions: OEPass developed a pilot Learning Passport, based on European Diploma Supplement, MicroHE developed a portal Credentify for displaying, verifying and sharing micro-credential data. Credentify platform is using Blockchain technology and is developed to comply with European Qualifications Framework. Institutions, willing to join Credentify platform, should make strategic discussions to apply micro-credential metadata standards. The ECCOE project building on outcomes of OEPass and MicroHE offers an all-encompassing set of quality descriptors for credentials and the descriptions of learning opportunities in higher education. The third chapter also describes the requirements for university structures to interact with the Europass digital credentials infrastructure. In 2020, European Commission launched a new Europass platform with Digital Credential Infrastructure in place. Higher education institutions issuing micro-credentials linked to Europass digital credentials infrastructure may offer added value for the learners and can increase reliability and fraud-resistant information for the employers. However, before using Europass Digital Credentials, universities should fulfil the necessary preconditions that include obtaining a qualified electronic seal, installing additional software and preparing the necessary data templates. Moreover, the virtual learning environment needs to be prepared to export learning outcomes to a digital credential, maintaining and securing learner authentication. Open learning opportunity descriptions also need to be adjusted to transfer and match information for the credential meta-data. The Fourth chapter illustrates how digital badges as a type of micro-credentials in open online learning assessment may be used in higher education to create added value for the learners and employers. An adequately provided metadata allows using digital badges as a valuable tool for recognition in all learning settings, including formal, non-formal and informal.