Journal articles on the topic 'International market attractiveness'
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Hashemkhani Zolfani, Sarfaraz, Ali Ebadi Torkayesh, Fatih Ecer, Zenonas Turskis, and Jonas Šaparauskas. "International market selection: a MABA based EDAS analysis framework." Oeconomia Copernicana 12, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.005.
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Research background: International market selection is an essential issue for big companies that supply food products. Different types of decision factors and different characteristics of different international markets have brought up a complicated decision-making problem for food supply companies. In order to select the most suitable and profitable market, food supply companies have to consider several qualitative and quantitative factors, including social, political, economic, and ecological aspects.
Purpose of the article: In order to overcome international market selection issues, the current study develops a novel integrated decision-making tool.
Methods: A novel decision-making model of market analysis is developed as an extended model of Market Attractiveness and Business Attractiveness (MABA) analysis based on the Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM). To improve the MABA analysis model, we combine the EDAS method with MABA analysis to empower decision-makers in food supply companies to evaluate several international markets and select the most profitable market for their products.
Findings & value added: In this study, we first identified the most important and frequently used decision factors for market analysis problems within MABA analysis under two categories: market attractiveness and business attractiveness. To show the proposed methodology's applicability and feasibility, we perform a case study for a food supply company in Iran that supplies products to Middle East and Asian countries. In order to investigate the reliability of the obtained results, we perform a sensitivity analysis concerning the importance of involved decision factors. The proposed decision-making tool results suggest that the model can be used as a reliable tool for market analysis problems. To sum up the long-term value of the study, we have developed a novel decision-making tool using MABA analysis and the EDAS method. No study integrates any MCDM methods with MABA analysis to the best of our knowledge. Integration of EDAS method with MABA analysis empowers decision-makers in market selection division to use more systematic methods for evaluating several markets.
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Douglas, Susan P., and C. Samuel Craig. "Executive Insights: Global Portfolio Planning and Market Interconnectedness." Journal of International Marketing 4, no. 1 (March 1996): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9600400107.
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Previous approaches to portfolio analysis in international markets focused on the country as the basic portfolio unit and relied on an assessment of market attractiveness and competitive strength to determine how to allocate resources. This article proposes an approach to international portfolio analysis based on an examination of the interconnectedness of geographic markets and product businesses. This enables management to identify strategic portfolio units (SPUs) based on market interconnectedness, as well as competitive strength, and market attractiveness. SPUs incorporating market interconnectedness enable management to establish directions for future growth and determine how expansion or retraction of the portfolio in a given direction impacts other portfolio units. Opportunities to leverage core competencies across portfolio units in international markets and to reconfigure portfolio units and operations so as to achieve greater synergies can also be identified.
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Kumcu, Erdoğan. "Attractiveness of the New European Market to Small U.S. Exporters." Journal of International Marketing 5, no. 2 (June 1997): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9700500204.
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The integration of selected west-European countries into a single market has caused concerns about U.S. exporters’ access to the new European market. This article examines strategic export planning for the European market of small U.S. exporters in manufacturing industries on the basis of the strategic market planning framework developed by Abell and Hammond (1979) . The proposed model incorporates market attractiveness as a predictor variable in addition to more traditional company background variables in examining export planning status of small U.S. exporters. Findings of a survey conducted in a Midwestern state among active exporters of manufactured goods demonstrate how company characteristics and market attractiveness are related to export planning status. Most exporting manufacturers have responded actively to changes in the European market by completing and enacting strategic export plans. Factors that influence exporters’ strategic export planning behavior are entry barriers, changes in European market characteristics, company size, exporting experience, and primary export target markets.
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Sharma, Revti Raman, Gloria Sraha, and Dave Crick. "Export promotion programmes and the export performance of Ghanaian firms." International Marketing Review 35, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 661–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-10-2015-0219.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of foreign market attractiveness on the association between export promotion programmes (EPPs) and export performance in the context of Ghanaian firms. In addition to understanding how EPPs help enhance the attractiveness of the foreign markets and thus export performance, the study contributes to the under-developed export performance literature regarding Sub-Saharan African (SSA) firms. Design/methodology/approach A mixed method approach is utilised. In the first instance quantitative analysis is undertaken on 116 Ghanaian firms via data collected using the drop and pick method. Qualitative data involving interviews with 18 managers of exporting firms are then reported upon. Findings The study finds full mediation effects for foreign market attractiveness. This suggests that EPPs can enhance export performance via the intervening variable of foreign market attractiveness. Specifically, EPPs should be considered as a resource in managers’ ability to develop capabilities in exporting, but need to be considered in the context of other intervening factors such as perceived foreign market attractiveness. Originality/value The literature regarding EPPs and export performance mostly overlook any link between EPPs and other determinants of export performance towards establishing an indirect relationship between the constructs. The study fills this important gap; in particular, in respect of SSA firms and specifically in the context of Ghana.
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Balas Rant, Melita, and Simona Korenjak Cerne. "Becoming a Hidden Champion: From Selective use of Customer Intimacy and Product Leadership to Business Attractiveness." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jeb-2017-0008.
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AbstractThis paper sheds light on factors that support SMEs becoming market leaders on an international scale. Specifically, it studies the hidden champion type of companies, defined as SMEs that hold market leadership in narrow business segments on a regional or wider international scale. The market positioning of hidden champions is defined subjectively by CEOs in such a way that they create a high level of business attractiveness. This explorative study reveals that product leadership and customer intimacy are two blocks that build the business attractiveness of hidden champions. More specifically, the study on data from 93 niche leaders from Central and Eastern Europe showed that product leadership negatively moderates the business attractiveness-performance relationship, while the impact of the combination of product leadership and customer intimacy on the business attractiveness-firm performance relationship is not straightforward and depends on different combinations of these values.
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Santos-Álvarez, María-Valle, and María-Teresa García-Merino. "Information interests and exporting: The Spanish natural stone industry." Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 6 (November 2012): 845–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2012.18.6.845.
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AbstractExport decisions depend on a wide variety of information stimuli. The current research focuses on the attention that international entrepreneurs (IEs) dedicate to different information stimuli relating to how the firm operates internationally, and examines whether the IE's attention varies in function of their experience and knowledge. For their empirical analysis, the authors study the information interests of the IEs in the Spanish natural stone industry. They identify three centres of interest: the strategic attractiveness of the foreign markets, barriers to exporting, and support programmes for exporters. The results show that the IEs are most interested in information about support programmes, and that is due to IEs with scant knowledge about the export markets. As the IEs accumulate knowledge about which are the main export markets, they become more interested in information about the strategic attractiveness of these markets. The authors conclude that a trade-off exists between the information about market attractiveness and the information about support programmes in the IE's attention. In contrast, attention towards export barriers behaves independently and depends on the IE's experience.
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Ragland, Charles B., Lance Eliot Brouthers, and Scott M. Widmier. "Institutional theory and international market selection for direct selling." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, no. 4 (June 1, 2015): 538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-02-2014-0033.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use a theoretical framework (institutional theory) to predict international market selection (IMS) for the direct selling industry. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use independent variables taken from institutional theory to predict IMS for the direct selling industry, allowing the authors to show the relationship between institutional theory – defined independent variables and the relative attractiveness of international markets. The model is applied to a broad sample of 51 developed and emerging nations that comprise 91 percent of worldwide GDP. Findings – The authors found that the hypotheses were confirmed. Institutional theory – defined independent variables did a good job of predicting the relative attractiveness of international markets. Research limitations/implications – The authors used cross sectional country level data to validate their model. One major implication: institutional theory appears to do an excellent job of predicting IMS in contrast to geographic proximity or cultural similarity for the direct selling industry. Practical implications – Managers should consider formal and informal aspects of the institutional environment, when selecting new international markets. Originality/Value – In contrast to most IMS papers, the authors apply a theory to predict IMS outcomes, helping to provide greater potential generalizability. The authors show that selected dimensions of institutional theory do a good job of predicting IMS for the direct selling industry. Future efforts may wish to apply institutional theory to new IMS contexts. The authors conclude with managerial implications.
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Santos-Álvarez, María-Valle, and María-Teresa García-Merino. "Information interests and exporting: The Spanish natural stone industry." Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 6 (November 2012): 845–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200000481.
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AbstractExport decisions depend on a wide variety of information stimuli. The current research focuses on the attention that international entrepreneurs (IEs) dedicate to different information stimuli relating to how the firm operates internationally, and examines whether the IE's attention varies in function of their experience and knowledge. For their empirical analysis, the authors study the information interests of the IEs in the Spanish natural stone industry. They identify three centres of interest: the strategic attractiveness of the foreign markets, barriers to exporting, and support programmes for exporters. The results show that the IEs are most interested in information about support programmes, and that is due to IEs with scant knowledge about the export markets. As the IEs accumulate knowledge about which are the main export markets, they become more interested in information about the strategic attractiveness of these markets. The authors conclude that a trade-off exists between the information about market attractiveness and the information about support programmes in the IE's attention. In contrast, attention towards export barriers behaves independently and depends on the IE's experience.
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Prygara, Olga, and Viktoria Zhurylo. "THE PROCEDURE OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL MARKET SEGMENTATION STRATEGY." Economic Analysis, no. 30(1, Part 1) (2020): 166–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.01.166.
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Introduction. Increase of intensity of international economic activity under the process of internationalization of commodity markets lead to the necessity of search of attractive international markets and segments. Aim of the article is the development of procedure of international market segmentation strategy and determination of peculiarities of international market segmentation in comparison with segmentation of domestic markets, considering the necessity of evaluation of factors of choice of attractive markets, considering the influence of cultural environment on entrepreneurial activity. Method (Methodology). Application of methods of scientific generalization, analysis and synthesis gave an opportunity to distinguish elements, that characterize segmentation of international markets; to systemize the factors of international market environment, that influence international market segmentation process, define customers’ characteristics, that influence their purchasing decisions; to distinguish stages of international market segmentation; to describe features and marketing tasks of each stage. Results. Segmentation of international markets has to be viewed as the systematized process of division of international markets on the groups of countries and groups of individual customers on the basis of their cultural values and motivations concerning their decision making process, that gives an opportunity to satisfy their specific needs and strengthen international competitive positions. The factors that influence international segmentation process are macrofactors: geographic, structural-demographic, legal, economic, scientific, socio-cultural; and microfactors: common market factors (market demand, competitive factors, factors of quality characteristics of the product) and customer-based factors (psychological, behavioral, individual characteristics of customers). The stages of the procedure of developing of international segmentation strategy are: market attractiveness evaluation; competitive analysis; demand evaluation; cultural environment analysis; macrosegmentation of markets; microsegmentation of markets; implementation of strategy and control. The proposed strategy of international segmentation strategy requires forming of the detailed marketing plan to a certain market segment and constant monitoring of its realization in accordance with changes in market environment and motivations of customers.
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Cieślikowski, Krzysztof, and Andrius Brusokas. "Selected Attractiveness Factors of Academic Conferences as a Product on the International Tourism Market." Turyzm/Tourism 30, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.30.1.13.
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The paper identifies selected determinants of attractiveness of international academic conferences as products on the contemporary international tourism market, especially on the business tourism market. To achieve this aim, methods of analysing the literature, reports, synthesis, along with passive and active observation were used. In addition, a direct survey using a research questionnaire via a website and addressed to participants on an Erasmus International Week in Kaunas was made. Some of the most important conditions of the attractiveness of the conference for participants, including transport and information accessibility as well as to the originality of the destination and the leisure program for participants, were indicated. Contemporary international academic conferences lasting a few days epitomize multiple products on tourism market. The article is empirical, but it also presents ideas for the development of conferences as attractive products in the contemporary economy of the European Union.
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Tornjanski, Aleksandra. "The attractiveness of Serbian market in attracting international companies in tourism sector." Turisticko poslovanje, no. 15 (2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/turpos1515005t.
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Mladenović, Svetlana Sokolov, Igor Mladenović, and Marija Petrović Ranđelović. "Emerging Markets and Internationalization of Retail: The Case of BRIC Countries." Economic Themes 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2020-0027.
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Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the emerging markets and retail internationalization, with a special focus on the markets of Brazil, Russia, India and China, also known as BRIC countries. The paper relies on the fact that the emerging markets, especially the markets of BRIC countries, have recently attracted an increasing attention of the scientific and professional community, as well as international retail companies. After the economic crisis in 2008, the internationalization of retail, as a key business strategy, is changing its direction and form, in order to focus on the emerging markets. Based on the available secondary data sources considering the operations of the largest international retail companies and the attractiveness of the emerging market from 2014 to 2018, we test the hypotheses set in this research. One of the key hypotheses is that a certain number of international retail companies present on the BRIC country market is determined by its ranking on the list of the most attractive markets. We test this hypothesis by constructing a simple regression model for each country individually. Another key hypothesis is that the ranking of a BRIC country on the list of the most attractive markets is the result of various factors. We test this hypothesis using the method of descriptive statistics for each country individually. The obtained research results have economic validity and they fill a scientific niche in the research of the relationship between the attractiveness of the BRIC market and the internationalization of retail. In addition, the obtained results represent the basis for further research of this issue, given the large-scale changes caused by the global coronavirus pandemic.
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Jakusonoka, Ingrida, and Kristine Zarina. "ATTRACTIVENESS OF LATVIAN, LITHUANIAN AND ESTONIAN VENTURE CAPITAL MARKETS FOR INTERNATIONAL INVESTORS." Science and Studies of Accounting and Finance Problems and Perspectives 12, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ssaf.2018.03.
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Business start-ups, small and medium sized companies face financial difficulties to finance their innovative activities, which hinders innovative products from commercialization. This mainly results from the high risks and information asymmetries involved in such projects. Standard debt financers are reluctant to take these risks, besides the young enterprises lack collateral to receive the credit. However, the risk tolerance for investors differs as well. One of the alternatives for bank loans is venture capitalists, who rather become partners than creditors of young, innovative companies with growth potential. Particularly venture capital or the so-called “smart money” is what financially supports such business ventures, provides funding for technological transfer and commercialization. The authors of the present paper have chosen to examine and compare the venture capital attraction possibilities in the Baltic States using Venture Capital and Private Equity Country Attractiveness Index (by Groh et al.) data for 2012-2018. Venture capital market development is currently a very topical issue for the Latvian government, taking into consideration the critical importance of venture capital for financing innovation. Becoming the leader in the venture capital sector and No. 1 choice of start-up companies in the Baltics are now the objectives of the government of Latvia. It was therefore relevant and important to compare venture capital attraction possibilities in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania to see and analyse in which aspects Latvia lags behind its neighbouring countries and in which it succeeds. The paper compares the six main factors or key drivers which determine the attractiveness of venture capital markets. According to Groh et al. (2016), these factors are: 1) Economic Activity; 2) Depth of Capital Market; 3) Taxation; 4) Investor Protection & Corporate Governance; 5) Human & Social Environment and 6) Entrepreneurial Culture & Deal Opportunities. However, the results of the research reveal that the main problems for international investor attraction in the Baltic States are underdeveloped capital markets and low economic activity. Latvia, unfortunately, is the most unattractive for international venture capital investors. Nevertheless, it has experienced the fastest growth during six years, which means that there is potential for becoming a leader in the venture capital sector. The present paper reveals the aspects to be improved for becoming more attractive for venture capital investments.
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Assaf, A., and Knežević Ljubica Cvelbar. "Privatization, market competition, international attractiveness, management tenure and hotel performance: Evidence from Slovenia." International Journal of Hospitality Management 30, no. 2 (June 2011): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.03.012.
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Goi, Mei Teh. "External drivers of entry mode decisions of a higher education institution." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 28, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-02-2015-0024.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of cultural distance, governance quality, and market attractiveness on attachment of agents with a university. Design/methodology/approach – A single university was chosen as a case study and secondary data were collected. The focus of this paper is on education agents who market higher education institution (HEI) in international market and recruit international students. Findings – Multiple regression was performed and the finding indicated that governance quality and market attractiveness are significantly related with a number of agents attached to the marketing department of the university. However, cultural distance showed no significant relationship with agent attachment. Research limitations/implications – The availability of data was most challenging in gathering data for this study because the culture of a country may change across time and the sample was based on only one case study, a minimal amount of information was obtained. Practical implications – This study addresses the external factors that needed to be considered in selecting new agents. Originality/value – This study contributes to the international marketing literature by a focus on HEI and focus on agency approach.
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Abu Bakar, Abdul Rahim, and Fariza Hashim. "What's cooking? Indonesia's kerosene to LPG conversion program." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111110447.
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Subject area Strategic market entry; international business; marketing. Study level/applicability MBA/MA in management; international business; postgraduate. Case overview This case is based on a real-life situation of an existing transnational firm contemplating to enter a new market in a developing country. It involves a gamut of issues ranging from firm-strategic market entry, competitive positioning, international marketing strategies (including international market segmentation) and international product lifecycle. These issues revolve on numerous theories namely theories on internationalization (motive, scope, process, scale and timing of entry) and globalization of markets (standardization versus adaptation). In the past, the market was heavily regulated and protected which makes market entry simply impossible. However, a change in government policy is opening up new opportunities for foreign providers to participate in the host country. Although the market potential is enormous, there are various factors that concern the firm in determining its market entry and marketing mix decision. Expected learning outcomes After carrying out this exercise, students are expected to be able to: evaluate a firm's internal and external position in market expansion decision; assess a country's attractiveness in terms of its potential, competitive intensity and entry barriers; identify and discuss the factors that influence firm's marketing mix decision (standardize/adapt); and determine the firm market entry and the tactical decisions. Supplementary materials Teaching notes.
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Chernukha, T. S., and T. S. Bunchykova. "The Strategies and Forms of Entrance to the International Market for a Consulting Company." Business Inform 5, no. 520 (2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-5-48-56.
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The article necessitates studying the theoretical and practical aspects pertaining to the formation and choice of a strategy for the entrance of economic entities in the consulting sphere to the international market along with adaptation of certain regularities to the modification of market conditions. The article researches trends, characteristic features and tendencies of the international consulting market in the field of technical design and engineering; outlines key concepts of the industry; presents proportions of this type of business; identifies the dynamics of the market of consulting services on technical maintenance and consulting in the USA and the countries of the European Union. The factors of influence on the international policy of the consulting company for technical design and engineering are analyzed and a block scheme for the formation of an international strategy for entrance to the world market is presented. The stages of formation of the strategy and form of the consulting company’s entry into the international market are defined. The analysis of the level of involvement in various strategies for entering foreign markets allowed to systematize the strategies for entering foreign markets according to certain criteria. As a result of the research, new vectors of strategic approaches to the consulting company’s activities in the international market are allocated, the attractiveness of strategic external business activities is assessed by means of the Delphi method. Prospect for further research in this direction is a substantiation of the market expansion strategy, in which the consulting company can adapt the extant services for new markets. Further development of the era of «consulting 4.0» can lead to the replacement of traditional consulting services.
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Aagerup, Ulf, and Edson Roberto Scharf. "Obese models’ effect on fashion brand attractiveness." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 22, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-07-2017-0065.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of obese models vs normal weight models on fashion brands’ attractiveness. Design/methodology/approach An experiment was carried out in which 1,225 university students in Sweden and Brazil rated the attractiveness of a fashion brand worn by a normal weight model and an obese model. Findings The overall effect of obese models’ effect on fashion brand attractiveness was insignificant. Furthermore, neither culture nor the consumer’s own weight had a significant effect. There was, however, a significant effect of the participant’s own gender; women rate fashion brands worn by obese models significantly higher on attractiveness than they did fashion brands worn by normal weight models. Men displayed the inverse response. Research limitations/implications The effect of the model’s ethnicity was beyond the scope of the experiment, and the brand attractiveness scale captured only one aspect of brand character, leaving other potential brand effects for future studies. Practical implications Companies can use obese models with no overall brand attractiveness penalty across markets and for marketing to women of all sizes. Given men’s negative reactions, such models might however be unsuitable for the male-to-female gift market. Social implications The results support the use of obese models, which can lead to greater representation of larger women in the media, and consequently, reduced fat stigma. Originality/value The study validates the theory of user imagery, and it extends the theory by examining how different target consumers react to user imagery traits and thus provides evidence for gender bias toward obese models.
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Chandler, Gaylen N., and Steven H. Hanks. "Market attractiveness, resource-based capabilities, venture strategies, and venture performance." Journal of Business Venturing 9, no. 4 (July 1994): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90011-6.
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Antevski, Miroslav. "Development potentials of foreign direct investments: Comparative international experiences." Medjunarodni problemi 61, no. 1-2 (2009): 48–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0902048a.
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In this paper the author analyses the main development potentials of foreign direct investments in different world regions. They are real and evident, but not always exploited. It is found out that the developed financial markets, good governance, developed institutions and the size of country have a great impact on the location choices of foreign investors. In developing countries economic, administrative and legislative reforms, as well as developed infrastructure networks, should improve a country's attractiveness for FDIs. In most countries, FDIs are concentrated in developed regions and sell the greatest share of their production on the local market. One of their parts is export-oriented, but at the same time, they are great importers from developed countries. The extent of spillovers is modest in most cases.
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Braun, Kerstin, Thomas Cleff, and Nadine Walter. "Rich, lavish and trendy." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 19, no. 4 (September 14, 2015): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-10-2014-0073.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to research lesbian fashion consumption in order to draw conclusions on the attractiveness of the lesbian target segment for the fashion industry. So far, lesbians’ fashion consumption behaviour has hardly been researched. However, an evinced lesbian stereotype exists which describes doctrinal feminists with an antipathy against consumption in general and fashion shopping in particular. In contrast, gay men have been identified quite contrary as an attractive market segment and marketers have started to particularly target this so-called “dream market”. Design/methodology/approach – First, qualitative semi-structured interviews (n=18) were conducted to gain first insights into fashion consumption behaviour of lesbians. Second, a quantitative online survey (n=879) was carried out to generate more detailed findings. Due to the difficult reachability of the homosexual consumer target group, the segment’s high online media affinity was used and data collection was conducted through popular German homepages targeted to homosexuals (esp. “queer.de” and “lesarion.de”). The research investigated fashion-consciousness, willingness to pay, brand-affinity, and openness to homosexual marketing. In addition, influencing factors – such as the affinity towards the homosexual scene, career orientation, income, age, status of coming out, and number of inhabitants of the city of residence – have been researched. Findings – Results prove that lesbians are an equally attractive and financially interesting market segment for fashion marketers as gays. Lesbians have a similarly high fashion-consciousness and willingness to pay, and an even higher brand-affinity – but a lower openness to homosexual marketing than gays. Especially scene-affine femme lesbians with a high-paid professional career are a highly attractive market segment. The study proves the attractiveness of the lesbian target segment for fashion marketing and debunks the myth of the consumption-averse lesbian stereotype. Practical implications – This paper provides evidence on the attractiveness of the lesbian market segment for the fashion industry. Due to its size and financial attractiveness, the question whether to target lesbians with a specifically adopted marketing mix should be raised. Originality/value – Research on lesbians’ fashion consumption behaviour in general is very scarce and on fashion consumption behaviour in particular is almost non-existent. This study is a first attempt to analyse the major areas of fashion consumption for the German market.
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Yen, Yu-Xiang, and Shiu-Wan Hung. "The influences of suppliers on buyer market competitiveness: an opportunism perspective." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 32, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-08-2015-0151.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose an integrated model based on buyer and supplier opportunism to show the mechanism through which current and competing suppliers influence buyer market competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaires were distributed to purchasing staff in listed electronics firms in Taiwan to collect empirical data. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze these data and examine the fitness of the proposed model. Findings The findings show that current and competing suppliers influence buyer market competitiveness through supplier opportunistic behaviors and buyer commitment. The alternative attractiveness of competing suppliers affects buyer market competitiveness through the influence of asset specificity. Supplier opportunism negatively and indirectly influences buyer market competitiveness through buyer commitment. Nevertheless, buyer opportunism does not influence buyer commitment and market competitiveness. Research limitations/implications The investigation focused on only one industry in one country. Future research could investigate other industries and countries to increase the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications The results suggest that buyers can focus on utilizing the pressure of alternative suppliers to improve market competitiveness through increased specific investments by the current supplier. Originality/value On the basis of buyer–supplier opportunism, this study shows the mechanism through which the asset specificity of current suppliers and alternative attractiveness influence buyer market competitiveness.
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Kovalchuk, Lyudmila. "Entry of Trans-Baikal Enterprises into Chinese Markets: the Problem of Formulating an Effective Marketing Strategy." Bulletin of Baikal State University 30, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(3).433-439.
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In terms of science, entry of an enterprise into a foreign market is a problem of internationalization. Investigation of this issue over the past decades has allowed us to form a scientific base, which represents the process of internationalization of a national company as a complex process that includes both organizational and marketing aspects. In particular, success of an entry is ensured by taking into account the needs of foreign customers, as well as passing through a number of stages, accompanied by the identification of peculiarities of the foreign market and the accumulation of experience necessary for promotion on the international market. The entry of Trans-Baikal Territory into the Far Eastern Federal District and the opportunity to use additional benefits for business that has arisen opens up great opportunities for entrepreneurs to create new products, introduce new technologies, reduce costs and, thus, open up prospects for promotion on foreign markets. From the point of view of international business theories, the start of operation in foreign markets should be connected with the markets of neighboring countries. For the manufacturers of Trans-Baikal Territory, China is such a market. At the same time, its attractiveness is determined by a number of market factors. Consideration of these factors makes it necessary to develop an international marketing complex for each exporter. The problem is that most of the exporting enterprises representing small and medium-sized businesses lack experience and financial capabilities to develop an international marketing mix. The article shows the possibilities of solving the problem, taking into account the characteristics of the Chinese market. The most promising areas for the development of international business are the production of agricultural and food products. The national project «International Cooperation and Export» allows using the competitive advantages of the Trans-Baikal producers and provides them with a sufficiently strong position in the future.
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Grover, Rajiv, and V. Srinivasan. "Evaluating the Multiple Effects of Retail Promotions on Brand Loyal and Brand Switching Segments." Journal of Marketing Research 29, no. 1 (February 1992): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379202900107.
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The authors determine the multiple effects of retail promotions on brand loyal and brand switching segments of consumers. Segments are determined by an iterative Bayesian procedure. The variations in within-segment brand shares within a store are related to promotional variables by a logit model estimated by nonlinear least squares. Store share is modeled as a function of store attractiveness, a summary measure of the store's promotional activity on the multiple brands. Finally, category volume is related to overall product category attractiveness in a model that includes both current and lagged effects. The research approach is applied to the IRI ground coffee data. Results include: (1) the market can be characterized by brand loyal segments, each of which buys mostly their favorite brand, and switching segments, each of which switches mainly among different brands of the same type (e.g., drip, percolator), (2) promotional variables have significant effects on within-segment market shares, the effects being different across segments, (3) store share is related significantly to promotional attractiveness of a store, (4) the overall promotional attractiveness of the product category has significant current and lagged effects on category volume, and (5) the lagged effects resulting from consumer purchase acceleration and stockup last longer for brand loyal segments than for switching segments.
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Dubinin, Sergey. "Evolution of the Global Financial Market Regulation in the Post-Crisis Period of Global Economic Recovery." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2014, no. 4 (August 31, 2014): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201442.
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This article focuses on changes in regulation of financial markets abroad after the financial crisis of 2007-2009 and provides comments on the effectiveness of such regulation. Specially the author analyzes the risks that the derivatives market creates for the financial sector and proposes mechanisms to enhance transparency and stability of the market. The author considers how introduction rules of FATCA and FCPA to the U.S. will influence on the financial sector, the possibility of continuing Russian banks overseas financial transactions, the cost of loans to Russian companies. Also the author writes how the introduction of Tobin tax will impact on international financial transactions in Europe. He describes the changes in the area of offshore jurisdictions in the world occur. There is the experience of creating an international financial center abroad. He gives information on what measures taken to transform the emirate of Dubai to International Financial Centre. In conclusion, the author proposes measures of increase of investment attractiveness of Russia and the possibility of establishing a Russian international financial center.
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Bilotskiy, Sergiy, Nicole Danylova, Olena Grinenko, Oleksandra Karmaza, and Daria Koucherets. "Legal and economic aspects of Ukrainian enterprises activity at the European renewable energy market." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 2 (June 2, 2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2).2017.07.
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The article deals with a current trend of the global energy market, which is characterized by rising tension in relations between the performers of the energy market regulation mechanisms, and it leads to the emergence of alternative energy sources. The article is called to identify the causes of renewable energy markets nascence, to make comparative description of Ukrainian and European Renewable Energy Markets attractiveness, and to characterize the state policy change in a renewable energy market. Different interpretation of nature and classification of the field of renewable energy in foreign and Ukrainian approaches shows the problem of legal criteria of renewable energy markets regulation. It is proved the existence of double barrier penetration of the European market for renewable energy for Ukrainian companies, which includes compliance with the accepted EU Directives and compliance with the Rules of each member individually. The presence of clearly defined standards and certificates of quality for the European market allows producers to show the competitiveness of Ukrainian products in the international market and stimulate Ukrainian manufacturers. The presence of clearly formulated laws, stable and balanced political and legal environment of the EU allows Ukrainian producers of renewable energy to develop such a strategy that considers the time factor, as the primary parameter of competitiveness in international business. The market of solid biofuels in EU is under formation, its development timeframe and uncertainty of environmental risks becoming is especially important for Ukrainian producers.
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Gutkevych, Svitlana. "INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF INDUSTRIES: FEATURES AND TRENDS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-3-50-58.
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The article shows that the investment attractiveness of the branches of the economy depends on the sources of their investment. The purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the features and trends of investment attractiveness of industries. Results. The volume of budget investments has been reduced, and the state is not the main executor of the investment process and can influence it through the system of taxes, loans, depreciation, privileges, and subsidies. It is determined on the basis of the analysis of sources of investment that self-financing is of paramount importance and the main source of investment is its own resources, first of all, profit. The basic functions that make a profit and the factors affecting it are determined. The considered functions directly result from the development of the enterprise and depend on the adoption of investment decisions. The role of the profit in the adoption of an investment decision depends on its type: short-term expected profit is a complete self-financing, which implies the rapid implementation of investments. Profit is the result of the effective operation of any investment object and the basis for making an investment decision. These functions can be considered as classical interdependent because they find content only in the conditions of their existence and contribute to the development of production. The innovation activity of the enterprise determines its potential market opportunities and attractiveness for the investor, and profit growth is ensured mainly due to: production of new products; development of new markets; growth of labour productivity; use of new raw materials. In economically developed countries, the investment process depends on the impact of market conditions, sources and size of investment financing. Attracting investments in any form contributes to the development of the economy. Value/originality. Profit is considered, firstly, as the profit received as a result of production and sales of products or services; and secondly, income in the form of interest or dividends received from the acquisition/investment of securities. In the course of the study, the motivational content of profit as the main source of investment is considered. International experience shows: the volume of foreign investment entering the country’s economy determines its integration into the world community.
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Kunc, Josef, František Križan, Kristína Bilková, Peter Barlík, and Jaroslav Maryáš. "Are there differences in the attractiveness of shopping centres? Experiences from the Czech and Slovak Republics." Moravian Geographical Reports 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2016-0003.
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Abstract The measurement and evaluation of the attractiveness of shopping centres in the Czech and the Slovak Republics is examined in this paper, countries which had experienced seventy years of development within a single state. The methodological basis for measuring the attractiveness of 130 shopping centres is an evaluation of the factors that can be described as objective (exogenous and endogenous) and subjective (in vivo and in vitro approach). An aggregate indicator of the overall attractiveness of each shopping centre was computed as a combination of the sub-variables. Based on previous international studies, the factors (variables influencing attractiveness) that are typical for shopping malls anywhere in the world, as well as for the original specific information for the Czech-Slovak retail environment, enable a generalization of the results at least to the East Central European level, and to carry out a comparison with any other market environment.
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Uzoma, Ifediora Chuka, Ugwoke Pius, and Ifediora Raluchukwu Ifeoma. "Determinants of Choice of Joint Venture Arrangements for International Marketers." International Journal of Small and Medium Enterprises 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijsmes.v2i1.336.
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This study investigated the determinants of the choice of joint venture arrangements for international marketers in Nigeria. The study aims at identifying the most significant influences on the choice of joint venture arrangements. The survey research design was used for the study. The study was carried out in South-east, Nigeria. A sample of 50 experienced international marketers was selected for the study using a snowball sampling technique. Data was gathered through the use of a structured questionnaire.. The analysis was done using Principal Component Analysis. Findings reveal that brand name/equity, firm size, market attractiveness, research and development, as well as internationalization strategy are the most significant determinants of the choice of joint venture arrangements which international marketers in Nigeria adopt. The study recommends that prospective international marketers consider these factors before or when seeking an alliance with any foreign company an international markets.
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Eliashberg, Jehoshua, and Thomas S. Robertson. "New Product Preannouncing Behavior: A Market Signaling Study." Journal of Marketing Research 25, no. 3 (August 1988): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224378802500305.
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The authors describe an exploratory study of the preannouncement of new products in advance of market introduction. The basic premise taken is that preannouncement is a marketing manifestation of signaling. The focus is on identifying conditions that are likely to induce firms to preannounce new product introductions. A survey of managers explores the incidence and rationale for preannouncement. Results suggest that constructs such as market dominance, company size, attractiveness of the competitive environment, and customer switching costs can provide good explanations for preannouncing behavior.
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dos Santos Morais, Rogério, and Carlos Roberto Camello Lima. "Quantitative tool for market sector strategic analysis." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 6 (August 6, 2018): 1706–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-12-2016-0182.
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Purpose A competitive business strategy with a greater chance of success depends on an accurate quantitative analysis of business strategic factors prevailing in a company. The purpose of this paper is to conduct the latter to determine the level of competitiveness in a sector. Design/methodology/approach This study develops a tool based on literature classics and tested in the telecommunications industry to determine market segment competitiveness, market attractiveness and the relative ability of companies to generate profits. Findings The proposed tool allows managers to quantify each strategic factor and, thus, identify positive factors leading to a competitive advantage and weaknesses leading to vulnerability, which enables an improvement in daily strategic decision making. Practical implications Implementing the tool can enable managers to both quantify each strategic factor and improve strategic decision making. Originality/value This methodology employed here is novel. As such, this study provides new insights into how to compete in the telecommunications industry and discusses useful implications for academia, new entrepreneurs, buyers and suppliers.
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Oriol, Nathalie, Alexandra Rufini, and Dominique Torre. "Heterogeneous investors and trading platforms competition." Journal of Risk Finance 16, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-11-2014-0169.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider competition’s issues between European market firms, such as Euronext, and multilateral trading facilities, following Markets in Financial Instruments Directive’s enforcement. This new domestic competition is adding to the existing international competition among financial centers. While diversification of local trading services can improve the international competitiveness of a financial center, the fragmentation of order flows can harm its attractiveness. Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical setting analyzes the interaction between heterogeneous who experiment network externalities, and heterogeneous local trading services providers (alternative platforms and incumbent) in an international context. The authors compare two forms of organizations of the market: a consolidated market, and a fragmented market with alternative platforms – in both cases, in competition with a foreign universe. Findings – The results of this study point out the importance of the trade-off between diversification and externalities. With alternative platforms entry, enhanced competition decreases fees and redistributes informed investors between the foreign market and the domestic one. The increase of domestic platforms’ number then has more complex effects on externalities (of information and liquidity). When the liquidity externalities are low, the diversification of financial platforms increases the number of investors on domestic centers. When liquidity externalities are not negligible, despite the decrease of fees, this same diversification orientates more informed investors to the foreign center. Originality/value – This model is the first to analyze jointly the internal and international competition of trading platforms with heterogeneous investors.
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Omir, A. "Financial instruments – the driving force of the capital market." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 2 (June 13, 2021): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-2-184-190.
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The article considers the capital market of Kazakhstan, which is interesting for international investors looking for expanded opportunities to make a profit through capital investment. The analysis of the portfolio of companiesresidents of Kazakhstan shows a high closeness to the standards of developed countries. Nevertheless, the country needs serious reforms designed to ensure an increase in the attractiveness of various spheres of investment of finance, transparency and predictability of state policy. There is a pronounced monopoly on demand on the market of investors in Kazakhstan, who are included in the institutional category: there is only one major player, offers are little diversified, IPOs and SPOs are extremely rare. In a crisis situation, the set of financial instruments changes in accordance with the accepted directions and rules of investment. Over the course of a number of crises, traditional low-risk assets have proven the existence of residual investment attractiveness with an average level of return. The situation in the global market is undergoing noticeable changes, including due to the consequences of the pandemic, as well as past crises. In general, the stock market in Kazakhstan should be used to attract both debt financing and equity financing. The active growth of investment retail is hindered by the low investment and financial literacy of the population, and the absence of large-scale IPOs.
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Zalizniuk, Victoria, and Volodymyr Shchelkunov. "Investment attractiveness of Ukraine: realities and perspectives." University Economic Bulletin, no. 48 (March 30, 2021): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-48-148-154.
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Subject of research. The purpose of the study is the investment attractiveness of Ukraine and ways to improve using the Index of Investment Attractiveness of Ukraine. The purpose of writing this article is to identify ways to improve the investment climate in Ukraine. Methodology of work - methods of statistical analysis and synthesis, method of graphic modeling of investment attractiveness of economic climate in Ukraine. Results - As a result of the study, the following priorities were identified for 2021 to improve the investment climate in Ukraine: reboot of the judicial system; de-oligarchization of power; development of an effective and independent anti-corruption infrastructure; getting rid of bureaucracy; reduction of administrative and tax pressure on business; appointment of pro-European reformers to public office; restoration and support of cooperation with international financial institutions; law enforcement reform and effective fight against smuggling, including through increased fiscalization; establishing equal rules of the game for business. Scope of results. Economic branch: management of national economy, macroeconomics, economic theory. Conclusions. The biggest obstacles to the Ukrainian market as a result of the survey identified - exchange rate fluctuations, close ties between the economy and politics, insufficient legal order, corruption of public authorities, labor shortages and access to finance.
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Rani, Pooja. "Customer-based brand equity index of Kurukshetra." Journal of Tourism Analysis: Revista de Análisis Turístico 26, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jta-11-2018-0034.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the customer-based brand equity index (CBBE-I) of Tourism Brand Kurukshetra. Design/methodology/approach For the purpose of this study, the author uses primary and secondary data on destination attractiveness of Tourism Brand Kurukshetra for a sample of 150 tourists including domestic and international. The study used structural equation modeling and factor weighting methods. Findings The research presents an investigation into the destination attractiveness index of Tourism Brand Kurukshetra in an emerging market, i.e. Kurukshetra. Tourism Brand Kurukshetra from the brand equity perspective is an attractive destination. Practical implications It suggests that the CBBE index of Kurukshetra ought to analyze a longitudinal study to get the proper image of Kurukshetra from a touristic perspective. It provides long-term attractiveness to enhance tourism. Originality/value This is the first brand equity study contributed to branding literature of Tourism Brand Kurukshetra. The index is an accomplished way to present the tourism condition of any destination.
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Danilov, Igor Sergeevich, and Galina Viktorovna Tretyakova. "Theoretical aspects of collective investment in the international financial market." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2012-04.
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The global fi nancial crisis of 2008–2009 and the crisis of the end of 2014–2015 had a negative impact on the state of the collective investment market, which became a constraining factor for its development. These problems of the formation and development of the market for collective investments in Russia, including mutual funds, dictate the need for theoretical research on these issues and their practical implementation. This determined the relevance and signifi cance of the chosen research topic. The concept of «collective investment» has not been suffi ciently researched in the works of Russian and foreign economists, it is not contained in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation. That is why this topic is relevant: there are a large number of unexplored issues that need to be considered. The purpose of this research is to study and generalize the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation and development of mutual funds and ETFs as one of the most promising forms of collective investment. The main research methods used a systematic approach, statistical and economic analysis, and other general scientifi c methods. The article examines the aspects of collective investment in the international fi nancial market, as well as the mechanism of the collective investment market functioning. Moreover, a comparative description of mutual funds and ETFs are presented. In the course of research activities, directions for the development of mutual funds and ETFs were proposed as important elements of the collective investment system. The implementation of these proposals will increase the role of mutual funds and ETFs in the collective investment market in Russia and abroad, stabilize their reliability and attractiveness for investors.
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Radonjic, Ognjen. "Globalization in the Balkans: Free trade agreement and the perspectives of attracting large institutional investors on the domestic capital market." Sociologija 46, no. 2 (2004): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0402167r.
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In order to take advantage of potentially positive effects that free trade flows have on economic growth, eight countries from South-East Europe united to create a regional free trade agreement. Significant market enlargement, cancellation of customs, tariffs and other export barriers create favorable opportunities for the development and growth of domestic companies. What is more, new sources of growth and development for local enterprises, as well as intensified competition, result in increased attractiveness of the region for large international investors. On the other hand, in order to take advantage of the presence of large international investors on the domestic market, it is very important to have in function a stable and rational financial system. Again, it is questionable how to develop in the most efficient way, at the moment, our underdeveloped financial market. A complementary solution is to attract large institutional investors on the domestic market, on one hand, and the foundation of domestic ones, on the other, in order to achieve a significant enlargement of the market liquidity as the basic determinant of its future development.
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Kaufman, Sophie R., David N. Ekstrom, and Lillie M. Shortridge-Baggett. "Assessing International Opportunities in Higher Education: A Matrix-based Assessment Tool." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 13, no. 1 (August 15, 2006): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v13i1.171.
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Faced with a growing number of international opportunities, the Lienhard School of Nursing at Pace University adapted a business model to assess which opportunities to pursue. Employing a product portfolio matrix approach, the International Opportunities Assessment (IOA) Tool was developed to assess new international ventures using the parameters of Market Attractiveness and Institutional Resources. The tool was piloted on a study abroad nursing course featuring a trip to Iceland. The tool assisted in prioritizing program development for international opportunities. In this article, we will describe the development of this tool and, in order to demonstrate its use, we will provide an example of its application in the assessment of a study abroad course for nursing students at the Lienhard School of Nursing, Pace University.
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Walters, Peter G. P., and Saeed Samiee. "Executive Insights: Marketing Strategy in Emerging Markets: The Case of China." Journal of International Marketing 11, no. 1 (March 2003): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.11.1.97.20141.
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The Chinese market's attractiveness to international marketers has recently received a significant boost as a result of the country's admission into the World Trade Organization. Membership in the World Trade Organization requires trade barriers to be reduced and new sectors of the economy to be opened to foreign firms according to a predesignated timetable, which in turn will make this most populous country a promising market for marketers. Despite these positive developments, acquiring reliable information and, in particular, the understanding of the market presents big challenges to the development of a viable Chinese marketing strategy. In this article, the authors explore barriers to information acquisition in China and focus on the need to understand crucial dimensions of the operating environment with respect to internal protectionism, relationship development, the diversity of the market, and competitive contexts.
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Volintiru, Mihai. "The internalization context of private health service providers in Europe: Romanian market case study." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 1038–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0093.
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Abstract This paper looks at the opportunities and constraints of the private healthcare sector in Europe today. Using the case study of Romania, I explore the attractiveness of foreign and domestic private capital investments in companies that supply healthcare services. In the aftermath of the economic crisis, the private provision of healthcare services has been growing steadily, and there are clear signs in the common market that the liberalisation policies will only increase the attractiveness of such investment still. As large-scale investment projects like general hospitals require large amounts of upfront investment, it is only natural to assume that at least part of this capital will be obtained through internationalisation decision of foreign companies. This paper also presents in depth a comparative overview of the two most developed private healthcare provisions in Romania: dialysis centres and medical laboratories. Part of their success is due to their longstanding relationship with the National Health Insurances House. These medical services generally benefit from large scale public subsidies that support the delivery of private health care provision in Romania. The private providers of medical services in Romania have recorded a steady annual growth dynamics over the past years. In the case of private medical laboratories, the geographical distribution shows a heavy concentration on the main municipalities in Romania. This gives us a perspective on the limited ability of private providers to penetrate smaller markets without the incentive of public subsidies. The Romanian market has proved to be an attractive destination for foreign investors in the medical sector. This is driven in part by the quantitative limitations of the public sector that is struggling with an overload in urban areas, but also by the attractiveness of private health insurance packages offered by many private health care providers. The main international health care providers in Romania that constitute the case studies of this paper are: Medlife, Regina Maria, Medicover, Sanador and Gral Medical.
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Nowak, Jan, and Josef Pöschl. "An Assessment of Progress in Transition, Economic Performance, and Market Attractiveness of CEFTA Countries." Journal of East-West Business 4, no. 4 (May 20, 1999): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j097v04n04_02.
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Chebli, Amina, Meriem Chabou Othmani, and Foued Ben Said. "Market Segmentation in Urban Tourism: Exploring the Influence of Personal Factors on Tourists' Perception." Journal of Tourism and Services 11, no. 20 (June 30, 2020): 74–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.29036/jots.v11i20.144.
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A statistical analysis based on a tripartite theoretical model of tourist attraction was conducted in this work to examine the influence of personal factors on tourists’ perception of the attractions that determine a city's attractiveness. Using the responses of a sample of 510 international tourists, a random sample of 171 was selected, from which parametric and non-parametric tests were carried out: Levene’s test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. The results show that, from a statistical point of view, there are statistically significant relationships between tourist perception and personal factors. This reveals that the same tourist attractions can be perceived and evaluated differently according to gender, age, motivation, and region of origin. Thus, there is a significant influence of internal factors on the tourists’ perception. Tourism perception is therefore not static but fluctuating. Consequently, it is imperative for decision-makers to segment the tourism market to satisfy tourists, meet their expectations, and enhance the attractiveness of a destination. The main results of this research are related to the contrasting perceptions of the same tourist attraction by different groups of tourists. An exploration that has so far not been carried out in previous research, in the context of urban tourism. Thus, tourism managers should take this variation into account when planning a tourism marketing and communication strategy. Research proves that targeted and focused tourist development can increase the tourist attractiveness of a city, the level of which depends crucially on perception. Finally, a presentation of four models that categorize and prioritize tourist attractions according to preferences by age, gender, motivation, and original destination is presented. These models are put forward as a referential, decision-support framework that clarifies the nuanced preferences of different tourist groups. The theoretical and marketing implications are also discussed for further research and development of tourism destination management.
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Trinkunienė, Sandra, and Jūratė Aksomitienė. "INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT COMPANIES IN THE BALTIC COUNTRIES: INTERNATIONALIZATION MOTIVES AND BARRIERS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 26, 2017): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol4.2373.
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Internationalization of companies is a necessity on purpose to play an active role in the international market and maintain a competitive advantage. The presented paper aims to reveal barriers and motives for a company‘s internationalization in the Baltic countries. The perceptions of internationalized and non-internationalized firms were assessed. The paper reveals the main motives and barriers of foreign transport and logistics companies for internationalization. All the Baltic countries compete for DFI and seek to demonstrate that they are ideal locations for foreign transport and logistics companies to establish an enterprise or choose another internationalization mode.
The authors disclosed why service firms internationalize to the Baltic countries. The main attractiveness factors of the transport and logistics market in the Baltic countries, internationalization motives and barriers were compared. The framework has been approved by Scandinavian and Central European transport companies that have expanded their business in the Baltic countries. Theoretical and empirical results are beneficial for transport companies seeking to internationalize their activities in Lithuania, Latvia or Estonia.
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Lupton, Nathaniel C., Guoliang Frank Jiang, Luis F. Escobar, and Alfredo Jiménez. "National Income Inequality and International Business Expansion." Business & Society 59, no. 8 (December 7, 2018): 1630–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650318816493.
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We examine the extent to which host country income inequality influences multinational enterprises’ (MNE) expansion strategy for foreign production investment, depending on their specific strategic objectives. Applying a transaction cost framework, we predict that national income inequality has an inverted U-shaped relationship with foreign production investment. As inequality increases, MNEs accrue lower transaction costs arising from interactions with various local actors, leading to higher probability of investment. As income inequality increases further, its effect on location attractiveness will become negative, as its attraction effect is increasingly offset by additional monitoring, bargaining, and security costs owing to the more fractious nature of high inequality societies. In addition, we suggest that the impact of income inequality is contingent on investment objectives: The inverted U-shaped relationship is stronger for efficiency-seeking investment but weaker for market-seeking and competence-enhancing investments. We find substantial support for our hypotheses through an analysis of 27 years (1986-2012) of data on Japanese MNEs’ overseas production entries.
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VOSKRESENSKII, Vladimir Yu. "Revisiting the logistics approach in the inbound tourism industry." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 1593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.8.1593.
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Subject. This article deals with the issues related to international tourism and Russian inbound tourism. Objectives. The article aims to identify the possibilities of using logistics techniques for analyzing the tourism market. Methods. For the study, I used techniques used in logistics, namely, Pareto principle, break-even analysis, supplier rating assessment, and the economic order quantity model. The logistics techniques are adapted for the analysis of inbound tourism. Conclusions. Logistics techniques help assess the representativeness of tourist flows from different countries, focus on the more significant ones among them, and determine the attractiveness of provincial tourist centers and the optimal tourist flow to the resort. Adapting logistics techniques for the analysis of tourism markets can contribute to the optimization of Russian inbound tourism.
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Avioutskii, Viatcheslav, and Mouloud Tensaout. "Comparative analysis of FDI by Indian and Chinese MNEs in Europe." European Business Review 32, no. 5 (June 3, 2020): 893–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-09-2019-0202.
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Purpose Exploration of potential markets in foreign regions such as Europe becomes critical for emerging market multinational enterprises (MNEs). This study aims to investigate structural factors that affect the location choice of Chinese and Indian MNEs in Europe and compares them with USA and Japanese MNEs. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a holistic approach to identify possible configurations of the determinants of Indian and Chinese outward foreign direct investment (FDI) into 38 European countries. The authors test two configurations as follows: knowledge-seeking by Chinese and Indian MNEs in “non-predictable” markets; market-seeking by USA and Japanese MNEs. Findings The findings reveal several strategies deployed in Europe by Chinese and Indian MNEs that are more specific than the pure strategies identified in the literature (e.g. market-seeking, knowledge-seeking). More importantly, unlike USA and Japanese MNEs, the findings confirm a two-stage strategy hypothesis for Chinese MNEs in Europe. Additionally, they show that the quality of institutions and infrastructure underlies the attractiveness of a territory. Research limitations/implications Multilevel configurational research might have also been used to consider firm- and industry-level determinants. Practical implications Good governance positively affects the entire set of locational determinants. In addition, good infrastructure and institutions are necessary conditions for a country to attract FDI inflow. Originality/value Recent internationalization models have been useful in identifying drivers of FDI by emerging market multinational enterprises vs advanced market multinational enterprises in Europe. This study mobilizes a comparative configurational approach.
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Skudiene, Vida, Yuhua McCorkle, Denny McCorkle, and Daniil Blagoveščenskij. "The Quality of Relationship with Stakeholders, Performance Risk and Competitive Advantage in the Hotel, Restaurant and Café Market." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 12, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 198–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2021.12.54.
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While emerging markets have become an opportunity for companies in the less populated and saturated markets to expand their business, they also impose challenges for foreign partners’ competitive behavior. To offer the value that would be competitive in emerging markets, companies need to improve the quality of their relationship with business partners. Relationship quality may enhance the probability of continued interchange between companies and their stakeholders, leading to increased attractiveness for the emerging markets’ economy. This research explores antecedents (communication and relationship longevity) of relationship quality with stakeholders (suppliers, customers, and employees) and how the relationship quality with three stakeholders impacts the company’s performance risk and competitive advantage in the Lithuanian hotel, restaurant, and café market. The findings suggest that communication and relationship longevity have a positive effect on relationship quality with all three stakeholders. A higher level of relationship quality with stakeholders has a more positive effect on competitive advantage and a more significant negative effect on performance risk. The study expands the understanding of relationship quality antecedents (communication and relationship longevity) and relationship quality with customers, suppliers, and employees in terms of competitive advantage and performance risk in the less populated and saturated hotel, restaurant, and café market seeking expansion to emerging markets.
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Tavares de Alencar, Claudio, João Rocha Lima, and Eliane Monetti. "São Paulo’s office market: scenario for the next years." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 22, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-12-2015-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to simulate possoble scenarios of São Paulo’s office market recovering. In 2006, a previous paper that dealt with the same issue was published which the authors propose to analyse here. After eight years, the São Paulo office market is starting a new phase within its cycle. Then, the first part of this paper, as in Rocha-Lima and Alencar (2006), describes the economic scenario in which investment decisions are made for developing office buildings in the Brazilian market. Afterward, the authors simulated both the necessary period of time for investments in the São Paulo office market to recover attractiveness and time for the increase in the occupation rate to absorb the current vacant spaces. Design/methodology/approach These simulations were carried out using simple linear regressions models using the Brazilian gross domestic product (GDP) as explanatory variable to prices and vacancy rates dependent ones. Findings The authors have found that the vacant space can be fully re-occupied in the beginning of 2021 or mid of 2022, according to the GDP growth rate, and, from this moment on, the demand for new spaces may grow, and, moreover around 2019, investments may become attractive again in this market. Originality/value This paper offers an alternative approach for estimating office building scenarios, especially when the database of the market is scarce. It also permits to evaluate an investment strategy for emerging markets within next years, particularly in São Paulo, Brazil.
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Зінченко, Олена Антонівна, and Дмитро Сергійович Зінченко. "ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПРИВАБЛИВОСТІ КРАЇНИ В АСПЕКТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ КЛАСТЕРІВ ЯК ФАКТОР АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ТРАНСКОРДОННОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 131, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2019.1.1.
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In market realia, the ultimate purpose for starting any organization, including transnational clusters, is to gain optimum return on financial investments. Currently, boosting investment in transnational clusters in effect depends mainly on the participants in this cluster. Thus, the issues of finding pathways to control the profitability and competitiveness against the financial and business performance of transnational clusters come within the competence of the top management of participating businesses. In this context, good management practices provide the framework for creating positive image of domestic enterprises and their investment attractiveness. The paper offers an overview of economic, legal and institutional premises to foster cross-border partnerships in terms of building an overall country’s investment attractiveness. The aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting investment attractiveness of Ukraine through the development of cross-border economic clusters and implementing international economic partnership projects with shifting a focus towards investing in innovation. The methods of system analysis and synthesis, logical structured analysis and scientific justification have been employed. The paper explores the investment climate of the European Union using the case studies from Estonia and the Czech Republic along with revealing the role of transnational economic clusters in building a country’s investment attractiveness and providing insights on legal framework regulating cross-border partnerships. The findings expand understanding of cross-border cluster development capacities. An emphasis is put on the need for more extensive application of intellectual and innovative potential of domestic cluster participants. It is argued that under cluster creation and functioning it is critical to change a vector towards achieving higher efficiency, quality assurance, greater profits and competitiveness of domestic businesses. A range of government programs focused on attracting international investment, in particular, the ones promoting the development of cross-border clusters have been discussed.
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Frels, Judy K., Tasadduq Shervani, and Rajendra K. Srivastava. "The Integrated Networks Model: Explaining Resource Allocations in Network Markets." Journal of Marketing 67, no. 1 (January 2003): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.1.29.18586.
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The last decade has witnessed a shift from a focus on the value created by a single firm and product to an examination of the value created by networks of firms (or product ecosystems) in which assets are comingled with external entities. The authors examine these market-based assets in the context of network markets and propose an Integrated Networks model in which three types of networks—user, complements, and producer—add value or enhance the attractiveness of the associated focal product. The authors empirically test the proposed model by surveying information technology professionals on their resource allocation decisions regarding the Unix and Windows NT operating systems. The findings suggest that the value added by these three networks is significantly and positively associated with resources allocated by business customers to competing products. The results also show that the three networks mediate the relationship between stand-alone product performance and resource allocation.