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1
Brookbanks, Darren Ackermann. "International regulation of foreign intelligence liaison." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16437.
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Includes bibliographical referencesEdward Snowden is a hero. In 2013, he leaked what can arguably be considered as the greatest quantity of classified and top - secret foreign intelligence in history. The leak revealed the extent of pervasive global government surveillance that has been and continues to be conducted by foreign intelligence agencies such as the National Security Agency (NSA) in the United States and the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) in the United Kingdom. His actions have led to international security sector reform of the international regulation of foreign intelligence liaison. Citizen Four, the 2015 Oscar award-winning documentary, is the story of Snowden. When asked by Glen Greenwald and Laura Poitras, the journalist and documentarian who covered his journey , why he did what he did, Snowden's response was that : '[I]t all comes down to state power against the people's ability to meaningfully oppose that power .. . if the policy switches that are the only thing that restrain these states were changed, you couldn't meaningfully oppose these ... that hardened me into action.' When closing a TED talk on how we take back the internet, Snowden's idea worth sharing was that: '... [D]emocracy may die behind closed doors but we as individuals are born behind those same closed doors ... We don't have to give up our privacy to have good government ... We don't have to give up our liberty to have security ... By working together, we can have both open government and private lives ... . ' The relationship between state power and people's opposition, the individual and democracy, privacy and good government, liberty and security are themes that run throughout this dissertation. They are thematic relationships that underlie the importance of the international regulation of foreign intelligence liaison. The international regulation of foreign intelligence liaison will continue to be shaped by these relationships. Chapter I picks up on these themes by reviewing the international regulation of foreign intelligence liaison as a phenomenon. Part II defines foreign intelligence, part III sets up the objectives of a regime for international law in liberal democracies, part IV recognises the challenges to effective oversight of foreign intelligence agencies and part V maps out different reasons for and uses and forms of foreign intelligence liaison. A core argument is that the inevitable abuse and misuse of foreign intelligence liaison should be regulated through a horizontal accountability mechanism as an international best practice. Chapter II focuses on the international regulation of foreign intelligence liaison through a legal analysis. It draws on the themes by summarising (part II) and critiquing (part III) two landmark judgments having the potential to set an international best - practice precedent that contributes to the international regulation of foreign intelligence liaison. The core argument is that communications interception warrants should be regulated by judicial pre-authorisation. This is a practical application of Chapter I's core theoretical argument mentioned above. Chapter III develops these themes by analysing the international regulation of foreign intelligence liaison through recommendations. Part II explores the regulation of signals intelligence (SIGINT) in South Africa. Part III sets out the national and regional applications of art 17 of the ICCPR with regard to private communications. Finally, by summarising and applying the core arguments of Chapters I and II to Chapter III, part IV recommends legal reform through a General Intelligence Laws Amendment Bill 2015 (the Bill).
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Jacobs, Philippus Christoffel. "Intelligence and intelligence cooperation in combating international crime : selected case studies." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24739.
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This study firstly focuses on the response to the post-Cold War era with the shift of the focus of intelligence to terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and transnational organised crime. Intelligence cooperation in respect of international crimes, including mercenary crimes, piracy and war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide is analysed, as well as peacekeeping intelligence. Secondly the focus is on intelligence cooperation in response to the events of 11 September 2001 in the United States of America, and intelligence failures in respect of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Intelligence cooperation on the national level is analysed with reference to the United Kingdom and the United States of America; on regional level, with reference to the African Union, the European Union and South East Asia; and on international level with reference to INTERPOL and the United Nations. International and regional obligations in respect of intelligence cooperation are described and analysed and both the drivers of intelligence cooperation and the challenges to intelligence cooperation are analysed. Best practices are identified and proposals made to improve intelligence cooperation on the mentioned levels, in combating international crimes, including a high degree of cooperation between crime intelligence and positive intelligence.Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Political Sciences
unrestricted
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Doucette, Wendy C., Mandy Havert, and Kyunghye Kim. "Cultivating Cultural Intelligence for Serving International Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5359.
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The number of international graduate students continues to rise at American universities nationwide. While academic librarians wish to serve this student population effectively, few of us have received formal training or meaningful exposure to this sector of our student populace. This panel will provide first-person experiences from academic librarians who are actively engaging with and researching international students. Acknowledging and encouraging cultural diversity fosters the awareness of building inclusivity into graduate programming. Rather than viewing international students as a challenge to be resolved with a one-size-fits-all approach, cultivating cultural intelligence makes us more thoughtful and effective instructors and service providers for all students. This panel will discuss
Tailoring services and support from the perspective of inclusivity for all students. Empirical best practices and lessons learned from focus groups with international students Tips for providing sessions tailored to multicultural audiences across the disciplines Partnerships with International offices, programs, and groups on campus The problem of academic writing Shared aspects of the graduate student experience Plagiarism and the academic honor code Thoughts about future engagement
A current list of professional resources will be provided. We anticipate audience discussion will be generated by this topic and will encourage participation through informal polling and direct questions.
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Butt, Stephen. "Outsourcing intelligence: The relationship between the state and Private intelligence in post apartheid South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3796.
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The state claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of force. This is not to suggest however that the state cannot and does not outsource the practical exercise of force. On the contrary, the outsourcing of a wide range of military and security roles and functions is, to a greater or lesser extent, a feature of most states. Important, yet least well understood is the outsourcing of intelligence. Explanations of the outsourcing of this sensitive function usually cite the incapacity of the state and the efficiency of the private sector. But is such outsourcing efficient? The evidence suggests not. Rather the outsourcing of intelligence has been characterized by inefficiency, corruption and criminality. This has certainly proved the case in post-apartheid South Africa where the outsourcing of intelligence by the state has been popular. This dissertation examines the relationship between the state and private intelligence in post-apartheid South Africa. It is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is concerned with establishing key concepts; namely the state, intelligence, and public and private intelligence; and with developing an interpretative framework of the relationship between the state and private intelligence. The second chapter provides an overview of intelligence in South Africa between 1949 and 2008. The third chapter considers the relationship between the state and private intelligence in post-apartheid South Africa. This dissertation concludes that the relationship between the state and private intelligence in post-apartheid South Africa can be best described as contradictory. While on the one hand the state has been hostile towards private intelligence, the outsourcing of intelligence has been favoured by the post-apartheid state. For the most part, such outsourcing has proved inefficient, corrupt and criminal; and has undermined what are already weak mechanisms of oversight and accountability.
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Ivanova, Anna Todorova. "Legal personality of artificial intelligence under international law." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31586.
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To be able to offer a deeper understanding of the topic this work will first examine the concept of legal personality, its meaning and application in the legal framework of international law over the years. Without claiming advanced technological knowledge in scientific areas like robotics and engineering the paper will then try to present some basic overview over the latest developments concerning Artificial Intelligence, such as quantum computing and emotional intelligence. Consequently some suggestions about possibilities of connecting these two topics will be made. The questions introduced will engage with the nature and different forms of legal personhood, its connection to intelligence, autonomy and/or consciousness. This paper aims to create a more practical and not a general, hypothetical idea of how an AI agent could be granted international legal personality and what could be the possible effects of that (for example rights and obligations). For this purpose it will focus on the recognised subjects of international law and examine on their example an AI agent as a possible future actor in international legal relationships. Subject of reference will be international law and recent developments in EU law, such as the European Parliament initiative to regulate Artificial Intelligence as well as some regulations and “visions” of national legislation, for example Estonia and China. Consequently the dangers of granting legal personhood to AI agents will be presented and discussed. The arguments against the creation of a “technical veil” will be examined closely. The work will then refer to possible advantages and positive aspects of an AI’s legal personhood under international law. In the final chapter a conclusion and some recommendation will be made.
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Svendsen, Adam D. M. "On 'a continuum with expansion' : UK-US intelligence relations & wider reflections on international intelligence liaison." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/64270/.
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Since 9/11, intelligence liaison has increased exponentially. Yet, both in international affairs and within the academic fields of international relations (IR) and intelligence studies, the phenomenon of intelligence liaison remains under-researched and under-theorised. Moreover, intelligence studies remain remarkably disconnected from IR. Accordingly, this study attempts to advance a timely understanding of both international intelligence liaison generally, and UK-US intelligence liaison specifically, in a contemporary context. Methodologically, this is accomplished through conducting a qualitative analysis of UK-US intelligence liaison focussed on two ‘critical’ and ‘intensive’ case studies. These represent the key issues over which the UK and US have liaised, namely counter-terrorism and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) non-/counter-proliferation. In practical terms, the ‘rise’ of intelligence liaison can be substantially explained. However, the phenomenon itself can only be ‘theorised’ so far. Intelligence is, by its very nature, a fragmented subject. Accordingly, cascades of complexities increasingly enter, especially at the lower/micro levels of analysis - where the details and specifics concerning particular sources and operations matter further. Therefore, intelligence liaison effectively represents the concept of ‘complex co-existence plurality’ in action. This is both at and across all its different, yet closely interrelated, levels of analysis, and also when broken down into eight systemic variables or attributes. Notwithstanding this complexity, wider conclusions can be drawn, allowing this thesis to advance the proposition that we are now witnessing the globalisation of intelligence. Overall, this trend is facilitated through the developments occurring in a web of overlapping international intelligence liaison arrangements, which collectively span the globe. Reflective of a continuously evolving attempt for ‘optimum outreach’, these intraliaison developments include: firstly, the establishing of frameworks and defining of operational parameters for the intelligence liaison arrangements, and then their subsequent consolidation (or normalisation) and optimisation over time. These wider trends are simultaneously observable in the microcosm of UK-US intelligence liaison relations, which are also on ‘a continuum with expansion’ as the UK and US remain broadly exemplary ‘friends and allies’.
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Barry, Abdoulaye M. "L' Intelligence du Développement, une analyse du "sous-développement durable"." Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10001.
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Si la mondialisation n'est pas un phénomène nouveau, celle du troisième millénaire pose un grand défi à la planète pour le maintien de la paix et de la stabilité des nations après deux guerres mondiales qui ont marqué le XXème siècle. L'interdépendance des nations est plus que jamais révélée dans les turbulences politiques et les secousses économiques engendrant de l'insécurité sur un fond de pauvreté endémique. Le projet de recherche porte ainsi sur un sujet d'actualité qui concerne la majeure partie de l'humanité, à savoir la lutte contre la pauvreté pour essayer de sortir le Tiers-Monde du sous-développement. L'objectif de la recherche vise à l'élaboration d'outils pouvant contribuer au management complexe de l'aide au développement. A cet effet, les programmes de coopération sont soumis à une analyse de l'Intelligence Economique (IE) dans le champ sécant des sciences de gestion et de l'info-com. L'interdisciplinarité permet d'étendre l'investigation aux sciences biologiques pour aboutir à l'émergence d'une Intelligence du Développement (ID) applicable aux rapports Nord-Sud dans un système d'interaction récursive d'acteurs. Le modèle de la paire fonctionnelle en double hélice illustre par l'analyse S-C-P le flux informationnel à entretenir entre pays développés et pays sous-développés pour l'allocation et l'exploitation productive de ressources. Il n'est plus question de management de l'information, l'ID arbore sur sa plateforme le management par l'information en confrontation au sous-développement durable. Fondée sur l'IE au sein de l'entreprise, l'ID s'insère dans la trame du développement international et local par l'Intelligence du Développement International et Local (IDIL)If globalization is not a novelty, the third millennium one has a worldwide challenge for peace keeping and stability around, after two World Wars embodied in the XXth century. The interdependence between nations has never so much been revealed, for the political and economical disturbance of breeding insecurity underlies dire poverty. The research project deals with a current topic concerning the majority of mankind, namely poverty control targeted at the Third-World underdevelopment. The research objective aims at designing conceptual tools crafted for helping with the complex management of development aid. To this endeavour, cooperative programs are scrutinized through Economic Intelligence (EI) with the cross section of management and communication sciences. Via interdisciplinary process, molecular biology allows investigation to proceed towards Development Intelligence (DI), applicable to the North South systemic relationship among recursive forces. The double helix operating pattern by pair shows the information flow through S-C-P analysis around developed and developing countries, regarding distribution of productive resources. Information management is no longer at stake; DI holds management by information on its ground to tackle sustainable underdevelopment. Based on corporate EI, it fits into International and Local Development schemes as International and Local Development Intelligence (ILDI)
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Novello, Alessia <1992>. "I sistemi di Business Intelligence. Come implementare efficacemente un Business Intelligence software in L.I.C.AR. International Spa." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9110.
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L'evoluzione dei mercati, ormai diventati globali, nei quali le imprese operano ha comportato il cambiamento della conoscenza necessaria al management durante il processo decisionale, al fine di ottenere e mantenere i vantaggi competitivi. A supporto del processo decisionale si ritrovano i sistemi informativi aziendali, i quali vengono solitamente suddivisi secondo la tipologia di conoscenza che essi forniscono alle varie figure aziendali coinvolte: i sistemi operazionali, che presentano la situazione attuale dell'azienda e accompagnano le attività operative di routine, ed i sistemi informazionali, capaci di elaborare una grande quantità di dati al fine presentare il trend seguito dall'impresa lungo un arco temporale di medio-lungo termine.
Nel presente lavoro vengono approfonditi i sistemi informazionali, data la loro rilevanza all'interno del processo decisionale di tipo strategico seguito dal top management, e la loro evoluzione sino agli attuali sistemi di Business Intelligence.
L'analisi di quest'ultima soluzione viene avvalorata dalla presentazione di un caso aziendale di implementazione di un software di BI, così da far comprendere al meglio l'importanza e le caratteristiche di tale strumento.
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Kaveh, Moravej Kaveh. "The SAVAK and the Cold War : counter-intelligence and foreign intelligence (1957-1968)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:138424.
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This research investigates Iran’s geopolitical importance in the context of the Cold War in the years 1957-1968 that made it a key target for Soviet intelligence and a crucial intelligence battleground with all states that held an interest in Iran. For Iran and the non-Soviet Bloc powers, Iran’s newly established intelligence and national security organisation (SAVAK) had become an entity whose counter-intelligence capabilities were crucial in curtailing the activities of Soviet and Soviet-aligned intelligence officers within Iran. The intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union, the KGB and GRU, were highly active within Iran in both seeking to gather intelligence and to undermine the Pahlavi regime and it was left to the SAVAK’s counter-intelligence directorate to pursue the difficult task of combating these efforts. This Cold War battle extended to Iraq where Iraqi governments were viewed by the SAVAK as being proxies for Soviet interests. As a result of such concerns the SAVAK’s foreign intelligence structure sought not only to gather intelligence but also to directly influence events within Iraq. Iran's counter-intelligence and foreign-intelligence structures therefore played a critical national security role during the Cold War years 1957-1968. This research will firstly explore how the SAVAK’s foreign intelligence activities ultimately led to the establishment and expansion of Iranian intelligence collection and analysis capabilities in its regional sphere of interest. Intelligence theory is also used to examine the SAVAK's counter-intelligence and foreign intelligence structures and operations during the stated period of investigation, together with the influence of Cold War thinking on its activities. The main strands of inquiry in this research will at the outset involve the question of why Iran felt it necessary to establish professional foreign intelligence and counter-intelligence capabilities. The structure and operational methods of these capabilities will then be examined along with the reasons for why the USSR and Iraq were targeted by Iranian foreign intelligence and counter-intelligence. The important relationship between intelligence and policy formulation and execution will also be analysed in this specific period of the Cold War.
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Lelewel, Stefan. "International intelligence cooperation in counter-terrorism causes, complications and consequences /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/488634885/viewonline.
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Lewis, Olivier Rémy Tristan David. "Explaining military, law enforcement and intelligence cooperation between Western states." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16419.
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This thesis answers the question “Why does security cooperation occur between Western states?”. The basic answer is: “Because most state actors do not want their states to integrate”. In other words, cooperation occurs as a coping mechanism, as an imperfect substitute for integration. But the thesis does not only investigate the reasons for cooperation, what Aristotle called the final cause. The thesis also examines the material, formal and efficient causes of cooperation. Such an unorthodox causal explanation of cooperation is based on a Critical Realist philosophy of social science. The application of this philosophy to the empirical study of International Relation is rare, making this thesis original. Beyond the philosophy of social science, the thesis' research design, many of the cases, and much of the data are also rarely used. The research design is an embedded multiple-case study. The states studied are the United States of America, France and Luxembourg. Within each state, the embedded subcases are three types of state security organisations: the armed forces, law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Rarely have these three types of security organisations been compared. Similarly, Luxembourg is seldom studied. Comparing different types of states and different types of state security organisations has not only allowed the main research question to be answered. It has also allowed temporal, spatial, national, and functional variation in cooperation to be identified and theorised. The empirical evidence studied includes participant observation (at the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) and documents (e.g. state policy documents, annual reports by organisations, reports by parliaments and non-governmental organisations, autobiographies, books by investigative journalists, articles by newspapers and magazines). The thesis is also based on a score of elite interviews (e.g. with ambassadors, diplomatic liaisons, ministerial advisors, foreign ministry officers, military commanders, etc.), and the careful study of both declassified and classified archival records.
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Tuzuner, Musa. "The state-level determinants of the United States' international intelligence cooperation." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1246699828.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 26, 2010). Advisor: Andrew S. Barnes. Keywords: Intelligence Behavior; TABARI; Event Data; International Intelligence Cooperation; Realism and Liberalism; Terrorism; Intelligence Theory. Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-168)
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Pääkkönen, P. (Pekka). "The role of Business Intelligence for internationalization and organizational learning." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201503121149.
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Today, data is increasingly gathered from end users via products and services. Business Intelligence (BI) tools may be utilized for analysis of the collected data to improve decision making process in a firm. This thesis focuses on the role of BI tools for internationalization and organizational learning. Particularly, usage of analytics tools in the mobile domain is concentrated on.
A multiple case study was conducted in collaboration with four Finnish companies. All the studied firms aim at internationalization, and have utilized mobile analytics tools in their business operations. The results indicate that BI/mobile analytics tools may facilitate organizational learning in many ways. Further, organizational learning may be part of the internationalization process of the firm. Based on the results, a model was developed and proposed, which integrates usage of BI tools with internationalization, and organizational learning theories. The model may be considered as a starting point for further theoretical development in the future.
The main managerial implication of the study is to understand the significant role of BI/mobile analytics tools in organizational learning, when aiming at internationalization in the context of mobile application business.
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Ellmauthaler, Stefan, and Jörg Pührer. "Proceedings of the International Workshop on Reactive Concepts in Knowledge Representation 2014." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-150562.
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These are the proceedings of the International Workshop on Reactive Concepts in Knowledge Representation (ReactKnow 2014), which took place on August 19th, 2014 in Prague, co-located with the 21st European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2014).
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Lichtenthaler, Eckhard Rainer Volker. "Organisation der Technology Intelligence : eine empirische Untersuchung in technologieintensiven, international tätigen Grossunternehmen /." Zürich, 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13787.
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Li, Guang. "Effects of Cultural Intelligence and Social Support on Adjustment of International Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404624/.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate direct and interaction effects of cultural intelligence and social support on the adjustment of international students to U.S. higher education. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to test (a) if cultural intelligence was a predictor for adjustment of international students to U.S. higher education; (b) if social support was a predictor for adjustment of international students to U.S. higher education; and (c) if there was an interaction effect between cultural intelligence and social support on international students' adjustment to U.S. higher education. The participants included 262 international students from a southwestern university. The results found only social support from the university was a significant predictor of international students' adjustment. There was no interaction effect between cultural intelligence and social support from any sources on international students' adjustment.
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Khajavi, Hedieh. "The relationship between emotional intelligence and the adjustment process of international students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2270.
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Although there is a handful of research on Emotional Intelligence in organizations, there is a lack of research between Emotional Intelligence and the adjustment process of international students. This research aimed to gain a greater understanding of the adjustment process of international students in the United States.
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Bernardi, Beatrice <1988>. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2949.
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In seguito all'attentato dell'11 settembre agli Stati Uniti, la comunità internazionale ha adottato nuove misure contro il terrorismo internazionale, il quale è stato riconosciuto come minaccia alla pace e alla sicurezza internazionale.
Numerose sono le risoluzioni adottate in seno alle Nazioni Unite, le quali impongono agli stati membri di condannare e perseguire penalmente qualunque atto terroristico che intenda causare la morte o ferire gravemente la popolazione civile con l'obiettivo di instillare terrore tra i civili, o di obbligare un governo o un'organizzazione internazionale a compiere o ad astenersi dal compiere qualunque atto.
Il terrorismo è spesso associato ai servizi segreti, la cosiddetta "intelligence". Ciò è coerente con la volontà degli stati della comunità internazionale, i quali, bisognosi di maggiore sicurezza, chiedono aiuto a servizi di intelligence per contrastare il terrorismo internazionale.
Cos'è un servizio di intelligence? E che ruolo ha nella lotta al terrorismo? Sono queste le domande a cui si cerca di dare una risposta in questa tesi. L'obiettivo è capire quale sia il contributo che le agenzie segrete danno alle autorità governative per contrastare e, possibilmente, prevenire il fenomeno del terrorismo.
Tuttavia, a questa analisi si integra anche la questione del rispetto dei diritti umani. Infatti, spesso la reazione spropositata da parte degli stati a un attacco terroristico si traduce in gravi violazioni dei diritti umani. Ciò significa che non c'è bilanciamento tra le necessità di maggiore sicurezza nazionale e il rispetto delle disposizioni sui diritti umani delle maggiori convenzioni internazionali e regionali.
Anche l'intelligence non è esclusa dalla possibile violazione dei diritti umani. Tuttavia, accade frequentemente che le agenzie evadano le proprie responsabilità, in quanto è difficile riuscire a controllare il loro operato.
Il servizio di intelligence è un'organizzazione che si occupa di raccogliere informazioni segrete riguardanti una minaccia all'interno del territorio di uno stato. Purtroppo l'attività di tale organizzazione non viene controllata, se non parzialmente, per esempio attraverso la lettura di rapporti e relazioni riguardanti le operazioni portate a termine, documenti che spesso vengono manipolati prima di essere redatti nella loro forma finale.
Alcune delle misure utilizzate dalle agenzie di intelligence sono state autorizzate benchè fossero palesemente illecite e violassero diritti umani fondamentali, quali il diritto alla vita, la proibizione della tortura e di trattamenti disumani e degradanti, il principio di non discriminazione e il diritto ad un equo processo. Ne sono un esempio le prigioni di Guantànamo e di Abu Grhaib, dove gli individui sono detenuti in condizioni terribili benchè non siano stati ancora informati del capo di accusa.
La lotta al terrorismo deve essere condotta nel rispetto dei diritti fondamentali dell'uomo, e a tale disposizione devono adeguarsi anche le agenzie di intelligence, le quali, benché si occupino di fare il "lavoro sporco" che i governi non intendono fare, devono essere considerate responsabili per le azioni che commettono, secondo le disposizioni del diritto internazionale e dei diritti umani.
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Kurdovanidze, Salome. "conflicts in international teams." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201774.
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This thesis aims to define international team and conflicts and identify the essential competencies for a manager and employee of international teams. It is argued that everyone in an international team should possess more skills and competencies than those who belong to homogeneous teams. As a result, representatives of international team must be able to understand culturally diverse backgrounds manage conflicts constructively, and comprehend different strategies to handle sensitive cases. The research begins by reviewing literature on culture, cultural dimensions in the team and conflict. A survey was performed on 167 individuals from various cultural backgrounds to analyze their attitudes towards multicultural teams and their managers. Some findings are in accordance with theories and some show different interesting opinions experienced pragmatically by the respondents. Eventually, the author based on the results obtained from the empirical research and the theoretical literatures has created a recommendation.
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Skaarup, H. A. "An intelligence advantage, collective security benefits gained by Canada through the sharing of military intelligence with the United States of America." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22780.pdf.
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Vargas, Ruiz Jonathan. "Why is Business Intelligence a Challenge for Many Companies? Backing up my Internship Experience with Literature." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2013. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/bce/vargas_r_j/.
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This work tackles the question of why so many big companies still do not manage a working and efficient Business Intelligence as I have witnessed in many of my internships. Using my experience I gathered in more than three international companies over the past few years and the backup of literature provided by various blogs and online magazines I was able to determine that business and country culture are a deciding factor as well as the generation who is responsible for the development within a company. I actually found ways to start smooth the burdens of people holding back further IT development within a company by using an elaborate and good team composition and the broken windows theory by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, transferring it from a criminal environment to the environment of Business.
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Rindermann, Heiner, David Becker, and Thomas R. Coyle. "Survey of Expert Opinion on Intelligence: Causes of International Differences in Cognitive Ability Tests." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-209100.
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Following Snyderman and Rothman (1987, 1988), we surveyed expert opinions on the current state of intelligence research. This report examines expert opinions on causes of international differences in student assessment and psychometric IQ test results. Experts were surveyed about the importance of culture, genes, education (quantity and quality), wealth, health, geography, climate, politics, modernization, sampling error, test knowledge, discrimination, test bias, and migration. The importance of these factors was evaluated for diverse countries, regions, and groups including Finland, East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Europe, the Arabian-Muslim world, Latin America, Israel, Jews in the West, Roma (gypsies), and Muslim immigrants. Education was rated by N = 71 experts as the most important cause of international ability differences. Genes were rated as the second most relevant factor but also had the highest variability in ratings. Culture, health, wealth, modernization, and politics were the next most important factors, whereas other factors such as geography, climate, test bias, and sampling error were less important. The paper concludes with a discussion of limitations of the survey (e.g., response rates and validity of expert opinions).
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Madsen, Frank G. "International monetary flows of non-declared origin." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/224484.
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Through an analysis of the presence and nature of international monetary flows of non-declared origin and their relation to deviant knowledge, the thesis determines that both terrorism and organised crime are nurtured by a constant trickle from minor sources rather than by large financial transfers; and that anti-money laundering provisions are misapplied, taken too far, too expensive, and incapable of demonstrating their effectiveness. In lieu of more traditional policy recommendations, the thesis develops a complexity-theory based intelligence function, capillary intelligence, to improve the present information-gathering systems and generate consistent and context-relevant intelligence for the consideration of policy-makers. The intelligence function takes into account also the concept of self-organised criticality. The thesis fully adheres to the principle that efficiently applied intelligence-led approaches for detection of organised crime are demonstrably superior to a 'follow the money' approach. An extended concept of deviant knowledge is developed and five methodological techniques employed: Complexity theory, network theory, self-organised criticality, scaling theory, and intelligence treatment. The thesis is multidisciplinary and calls on contributions from International Law, Economics, Criminal Justice Studies, and Governance and Ethics. Its approach is illustrative and fits Baudrillard's 1981 methodological principles known as bricolage. Using five methodologies and six major case studies, the thesis reaches four conclusions. First, the rapid expansion in the currency component of the US money supply (M1) has no domestic explanation and can best be explained by an increase in overseas illegal traffics of various sorts. Second, terrorism and major organised crime are, for a large part, nurtured by a constant trickle of funds originating from minor crime, such as, respectively, smuggling of tobacco product and retail fencing, and sale of counterfeit luxury goods. Third, calculation of the cost of the application of anti-money laundering shows these to be cost-inefficient, apart from being highly intrusive. The thesis' calculations as well as prior literature makes it certain that such provisions, although inefficient, are enforced in a forceful exemplification of the deviant knowledge concept. Fourth, the thesis demonstrates the importance of organised crime in resource depletion and emphasises the nefarious consequences of such criminal behaviour, in particular as regards deforestation, since organised crime can apply the necessary pressure on the local population - in conjunction with extensive corruption of police or military personnel - and provide the managerial expertise to have the trees felled, transported internationally by ship and sold in another country often with false documentation as to the origins of the forest product. In a final case study, the tragic concept of resource curse is considered, in casu the island of Bougainville, PNG.
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McComas, Amy Benilde. "The relationship of a leader's cultural intelligence to organizational citizenship behaviors in a multicultural work group." Thesis, Indiana Wesleyan University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3716243.
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Globalization is resulting in increasingly culturally diverse work environments, and prompting the examination of the multicultural leader. This quantitative study explored the relationship of the cultural intelligence (CQ) of the leader and the helping and voice organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) in a multicultural work group. The cultural intelligence of the leader as well as the organizational citizenship behaviors, particularly helping and voice behaviors amongst peers, of the multicultural work group were assessed to determine if a statistically significant relationship exists. A statistically significant relationship was found between leader metacognitive CQ and helping and voice OCB in a multicultural work group, as well as between leader behavioral CQ and helping and voice OCB in a multicultural work group.
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Henning, Janita. "How behavioural component of increased cultural intelligence affects task performance in international intercultural working groups." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59839.
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In today's globally interlinked world, managers need to know how to get the most out of international intercultural teams. It is inevitable that in an international environment, individuals will be faced with cultural differences. How individuals deal with foreign culture situations and their ability to function in ambiguous environments relate to cultural intelligence (CQ). This study explored the effect that the behavioural component of cultural intelligence has on task performance in international intercultural working groups. The behavioural component focused on not only behavioural CQ, but also behavioural characteristics and national cultural dimensions as defined by Hofstede (1983).
A quantitative study was performed on 31 MBA students who partook in a consulting project in international intercultural groups consisting of South African, Chinese and American students. The groups' CQ were compared to results achieved in the project and it was found that neither increased CQ nor increased behavioural CQ had an effect on task performance. However, the behavioural characteristics of having set expectations in terms of team processes and shared goals, as well as the cultural dimensions of Power Distance (small), Short-term orientation, Indulgence and Masculinity attributed to increased task performance. Increased cultural dissimilarity, with specific relation to the dimension of Individualism, as well as communication difficulties relating to language barriers decreased task performance.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
nk2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Olsson, Oksana. "Career Development and Counseling in an International Company in Shanghai." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95697.
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The aim of the study is to understand the significance and the impact of the careerdevelopment and counseling with consideration of cultural aspects in an internationalcompany in Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China. The aim has been achievedthrough three research questions. What experiences do employees have from careerdevelopment and counseling in an international company in Shanghai? Whatcontributions from the company do employees perceive to be necessary inexperiencing an ongoing upward trend in their career development? What kind ofcultural aspects influence employees’ career development in an internationalcompany? The field study is conducted through the Cultural Intelligence Theory. Aqualitative approach has been used in the study. Six in-depth interviews wereconducted with employees and one in-depth interview with a HR manager in aninternational company in Shanghai.The experiences that the interviewed employees at the international company havehad from career development and counseling, which is defined as a professionalguidance of the individuals and a process of helping an individual discover anddevelop his/her vocational and professional potentialities, are quite positive. Formaintaining constant progress in their career development, employees have suggestedsome practical actions that can be taken by the company. The interviewed employees’viewpoints are that managers in international companies give them freedom ofactions, which leads to more responsibility and creativity, allow them to makemistakes and learn from them, support them in their career development, provideregular feedbacks on their performance.
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Du, Juan. "Organizational intelligence from the system dynamic perspective : a study of multinational corporations in Chinese cultural context." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1413.
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Gibson, Bryan. "Covert relationship: American foreign policy, intelligence, and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980--1988." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27848.
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Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Iraq invaded Iran resulting in a costly war from 1980 to 1988, which threatened American interests in the Persian Gulf. From the outset, the stated official American policy was strict neutrality, but this was not the case. The war had provided the United States with an opportunity to improve relations with Iraq, particularly alter Iran reversed the Iraqi invasion in the summer of 1982. Because the Reagan administration could not let Iraq collapse, the United States tilted heavily towards Iraq in defiance of its stated policy. Interestingly, the tilt towards Iraq did not stop the Reagan administration from secretly dealing with Iran in 1985. Consequently, the disclosure of these dealings resulted in the buildup of American naval forces in the region to protect the shipment of oil, and eventually the use of force to end the conflict in 1988.
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Grouskay, Michael. "The State Response to the Discovery of a Peacetime Covert Operation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1588.
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This paper provides a theoretical model of the state response to the discovery of a peacetime covert operation. Building upon Stephen Krasner's theory of Westphalian sovereignty, the argument is presented that the direct and covert application of force constitutes a violation of national sovereignty. Taking the state's monopoly on control and authority to be the basis of national sovereignty, this paper shows that states will respond most substantively to the discovery of a covert operation when authority is challenged.
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Nash, Arnold W. "Intelligence reform and implications for North Korea's Weapons of Mass Destruction Program." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FNash.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-making and Planning))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Peter R. Lavoy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-96). Also available online.
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O’Rourke, Simon. "An intelligence model for terrorist incident prevention for Australian police: A systemic investigation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/379.
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This study examines the role that intelligence will continue to play in the ongoing efforts to mitigate the effects of contemporary terrorism. The role of domestic policing agencies is expanding to meet the challenge of transnational organised crime and also the threat to community safety and cohesion that terrorism entails. The September 11 attacks on the twin towers in New York city showcased the darkest elements of humanity whilst the courage personified by the police, firefighters and paramedics who entered the buildings to save others illuminated al that is best, in an event that was broadcast globally into the homes of millions around the world through television via television and the Internet. Whilst shielded to some degree by distance, Australians were hit even harder by the bombings in Bali on the 12th October 2002, during which 88 Australians died and many more were injured. For many Bali was seen as a place to relax, an idyllic paradise whose peace was forever shattered with the detonation of the terrorist bombs. The traditional intelligence community needed to draw upon the existing capabilities of policing agencies to build partnerships with key community groups in an endeavour to prevent such an atrocity from happening in Australia. No longer was an advanced technical intelligence capability and the access to material obtained enough to guarantee security, material needed to be shared with the police in order to prevent an incident, thus creating the potential for national security classified material to be disclosed in subsequent court proceedings. Culture and practices underwent a paradigm shift and the police now have a role in the national intelligence community in Australia, something that continues to present significant challenges requiring new legislation to keep pace with technology and the dynamically evolving threat. Drawing upon Checkland’s (1999, p.178) Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) this research synthesised text based analytical software called Leximancer, to create a conceptual model with minimal inherent biases. It is believed that this is the first time that such an approach to SSM has been undertaken allowing the research to contribute towards the methodological field as well as the chosen study. Access to interview practitioners was granted and the results provided unique insight into the contemporary and future challenges of police counterterrorist intelligence.
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Tsagkidis, Panagiotis, and Gabriele Blomkvist. "Stay ahead of the competition : How the perception of Competitive Intelligence influences the way Swedish startups are dealing with international competition." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414564.
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This thesis is within the field of Competitive Intelligence. The thesis’s main purpose is to investigate how Swedish startups perceive Competitive Intelligence and how their perception influences how they are dealing with international competition in the domestic market. Even though Competitive Intelligence is not a new field, the existing literature over this topic is not very rich, especially regarding startups. In our work, through qualitative research based on eleven semi-structured interviews, with CEOs and founders of startups in Sweden, and a CEO of an Intelligence firm in Sweden, we argue that there are three approaches to Competitive Intelligence from Swedish startups. The competition-centric, the customer-centric and the market-centric approach. Furthermore, we propose that dealing with competition requires startups to establish an intelligence culture that involves everyone, as it enhances their alertness, contributes to the building of a competitive advantage, increases their sales efficiency and lastly using their “insidership” as it is proposed in the revised Uppsala Model, to gather information and deal with the competitors. Finally, from our findings we propose two new classifications in addition to Murphy’s five classifications of firms based on their engagement in Competitive Intelligence activities, “the Hesitant” and “The Arrogant”.
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Søilen, Klaus Solberg. "Wirtschaftsspionage in Verhandlungen aus Informationsökonomischer und Wirtschaftsetischer Perspektive : eine Interdisziplinäre Analyse." Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00295.
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The dissertation examines a case of industrial espionage by one of the parties involved in a forthcoming international negotiation. We want to know what consequences a burglary has for the actual negotiation. The dissertation consist of five hypothesis, of which the three first were empirically tested. The discussion of thesis four and five is supported basically by research literature, but have also found indirect support in the empirical study. A game theoretical model of four information sets is used. Thesis 1: Pay-offs do not change significantly from one information set to the other. confirmed Thesis 2: Behavior do not change significantly from one information set to the other. confirmed Thesis 3: The perception of fairness do not change significantly from one information set to the other. confirmed Thesis 4: International negotiations is socially so complex that it only makes sense to study the phenomena from an interdisciplinary angle. confirmed Thesis 5: A descriptive evolutionary approach can be an alternative to neoclassical economic theory in understanding the study of international negotiations. confirmed The study also confirms that economic theory is correct in excluding the ethical dimension from their models, as these factors have little influence on the end price. Fairness plays only a minor role in international negotiations. **Forskarens hemsida: http://www.bth.se/iem/kss.nsf Disputerat vid Universität Leipzig, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, http://www.uni-leipzig.de/ Avhandlingen utgiven av BTH.
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Dolce, Valentina. "International mobility fo studies and work : career paths and improvement of competencies." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MULH4204.
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Cette étude vise à étudier les relations entre l'expérience du programme Erasmus et l'augmentation de l'intelligence culturelle (CQ), de la résilience et des compétences transversales. Cette étude contribue à lala compréhension du "processus d'apprentissage interculturel", en fusionnant les données quantitatives et qualitatives. Le siteLa recherche a impliqué 170 étudiants Erasmus et 52 étudiants universitaires qui n'ont jamais participé auProgramme Erasmus. Ces données ont été collectées en deux phases : pour les étudiants Erasmus avant leur départet à la réadmission et pour le groupe témoin avec un intervalle de temps entre les deux administrations d'environ 6mois. Les résultats ont montré des augmentations significatives de la qualité cognitive, de la résilience et des compétences transversales pour les échantillons des étudiants Erasmus, au contraire, tout changement significatif a été constaté pour le groupe de contrôle.Les données qualitatives des rapports d'"incidents critiques" permettent de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par les étudiants Erasmus à l'étranger.expérience sur le processus d'apprentissage interculturel. Cette étude fournit des preuves sur le programme Erasmuset semble confirmer l'attente élaborée par le processus de Bologne 2020This study aims to investigate the relationships between Erasmus program experience and theincrease of cultural intelligence (CQ), resilience and transversal skills. This study contributes to theunderstanding of “the cross-cultural learning process”, merging quantitative and qualitative data. Theresearch involved 170 Erasmus students and 52 college students who have never participated toErasmus program. These data were collected in two phases: for Erasmus students before departureand at re-entry and for control group with a time interval between the two administration of around 6months. Findings showed significant increases of cognitive CQ, resilience and transversal skills forthe Erasmus students’ sample, on contrary any significant change was found for the control group.Looking at ‘critical incident’ reports, qualitative data further clarify the role played by abroadexperience on the cross-cultural learning process. This study provides evidences about the Erasmusprogram value and seems to confirm expectation elaborated by Bologna process 2020
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Fontanelli, Luca. "Essais sur la dynamique industrielle et le commerce international." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ0027.
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Cette thèse présente de nouveaux résultats théoriques et empiriques sur les propriétés de la dynamique des entreprises, de l'industrie et du commerce international, et vise à répondre à une série de questions de recherche liées à l'explication de l'hétérogénéité des entreprises dans le contexte de l'apprentissage et de la sélection imparfaite des entreprises.Premièrement, nous proposons une enquête de la littérature sur les mécanismes de sélection de marchés. Nous regroupons les travaux de recherche sur ce thème en trois paradigmes théoriques, que nous concilions en termes de lois de sélection. Nous montrons que les trois paradigmes ont convergé vers des mécanismes de sélection fondé sur l'hétérogénéité des entreprises et sur les rendements croissants, qui reposent cependant sur des théories qui diffèrent en termes de sources de rendements croissants, de mécanismes de génération d'hétérogénéité des entreprises, de rationalité des entreprises, et pour l'accent mis sur les états d'équilibre vis-à-vis de la dynamique hors équilibre.Deuxièmement, nous construisons un modèle de commerce international à deux pays avec des entreprises hétérogènes pour étudier les effets que l'apprentissage technologique des entreprises et la sélection imparfaite des marchés exercent sur les flux d'exportation, les parts de marché et les productivités des entreprises. Dans ce modèle nous faisons l'hypothèse que la selection de marché dans chaque pays est guidée par un processus d'urnes de Pólya fini, qui incorpore des rendements croissants dynamiques au niveau de l'entreprise. Nous montrons que, en présence d'une distribution statique de la productivité des entreprises, le processus de sélection du marché conduit au monopole. Lorsque que l'apprentissage de l'entreprise est inclus dans le modèle, les marchés convergent vers des structures non monopolistiques, dont le degré de concurrence dépend de l'ouverture commerciale et de l'intensité de la sélection. Enfin, nous montrons que notre modèle est capable de reproduire conjointement un large ensemble de faits stylisés concernant les flux d'exportation intra-industriels, l'industrie et la dynamique des entreprises. De plus, nous montrons que une augmentation de l'intensité de la competition sur les marchés internationaux augmente la concentration et la volatilité.Troisièmement, nous étudions la relation entre la volatilité des taux de croissance et la taille des entreprises et ses déterminants en utilisant une base de données sur les entreprises manufacturières françaises entre 1993 et 2009. Nous montrons que cette rélation, au niveau agrégé et sectoriel, s'écarte de l'approximation linéaire trouvée dans les études empiriques précédentes. Elle est en effet en forme de J, très raide pour les petites entreprises et plate pour les grandes. Ensuite, nous expliquons ce nouveau résultat empirique à l'aide d'un un modèle de sélection imparfaite axé sur la concurrence des entreprises sur la base de la taille et de la productivité.Enfin, nous étudions les caractéristiques des entreprises qui utilisent l'intelligence artificielle (IA) et le lien entre l'utilisation de l'IA et la productivité à l'aide d'une étude empirique reposant sur une base de données des entreprises françaises en 2018. Nos resultats montrent que les utilisateurs de l'IA ont tendance à être plus grands et plus jeunes que les non-utilisateurs. De plus, l'utilisation de l'IA est positivement liée à plusieurs facteurs complémentaires, comme le capital humain ou la présence d'infrastructures et technologies numériques. Ensuite, nous montrons que les utilisateurs d'IA avec la plus grande taille sont plus productifs, mais que cet advantage est lié à la selection dans d'utilisation de l'IA. Cependant, nous trouvons un lien positif entre l'IA et la productivité pour les développeurs d'IA qui s'étend au-delà de la sélection, en particulier lorsque la croissance de la productivité sur une période suffisamment longue est prise en compteThis dissertation presents new theoretical and empirical evidence on the properties of firms' and industry dynamics and international trade. In particular, this thesis aims at answering a series research questions linked to the explanation of firms' heterogeneity in the context of the most recent findings related to both firms' learning and imperfect selection.First, we provide a survey of the main mechanisms of market selection used in economics. We gather them in three theoretical paradigms, that we try to reconcile in terms of underlying laws of selection. We show that the three paradigms have been converging to selection mechanisms focussing on firm heterogeneity and increasing returns, that are however fostered by theories which differ in terms of sources of increasing returns, generating mechanisms of firm heterogeneity, firm rationality and emphasis on equilibrium states vis-á-vis out-of-equilibrium dynamics. Our discussion suggests that the convergence between the theoretical paradigms is taking place in the direction of research, which is aimed at the replication of empirical patterns related to firm heterogeneity, rather than in the theory underlying selection mechanisms.Second, we build a simple international trade two-country model of competition among heterogeneous firms to study the effects that firm learning and imperfect market selection exert on export flows, market shares and firm productivities. Market selection in each country is driven by a finite pairwise Pólya urn process, which embodies dynamic increasing returns at the firm level. In presence of a static distribution of firm productivity, the market selection process leads to a monopoly. When firm learning is included in the model, markets converge to non-monopolistic structures, whose degree of competition depends on trade openness and selection intensity. Finally, we show that our simple stochastic model with firm learning and imperfect selection is able to jointly reproduce a wide ensemble of stylized facts concerning intra-industry trade, industry and firm dynamics. In addition, we show that trade activities increase concentration and volatility.Third, we investigate the firm growth rates volatility-size relation and its determinants in a comprehensive dataset of French manufacturing firms between 1993 and 2009. Differently from previous contributions, we study the relation using sales data for firms at both the aggregate and sectoral level. First, we show that the relation deviates from the linear approximation found in previous studies. It is indeed J-shaped, very steep for small firms and flat for large ones. Second, we explain this new empirical finding via a tractable model of imperfect selection encompassing firms competing on the basis of both size and productivity. Our contribution suggests that large firms are Gibrat's and that the empirical shape of the firms' growth rates variance-size relation can be explained by imperfect selection mechanisms whose outcomes are mediated by both the strength of shares reallocation and firms' joint heterogeneity in size and productivity.Finally, we investigate the characteristics of firms using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the link between AI use and productivity in a comprehensive database of French firms in 2018. We find that AI users tend to be larger and younger than non-users. AI use is positively related to several complementary assets, including digital infrastructure, complementary digital technologies, and human capital. Focussing on the AI-productivity nexus, we show that the largest AI users are more productive, but that this premium is related to their selection into AI use. When we consider either all AI users or AI buyers, no average relationship between AI and productivity growth could be retrieved. However, we find a positive AI-productivity link for AI developers, especially when productivity growth over a sufficiently long time period is considered
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Wilkinson, Mark. "Playing the long game : UK secret intelligence and its relationship with chemical and biological weapons related foreign policy." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3373/.
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This thesis considers the influence of secret intelligence on UK chemical and biological warfare related foreign policy. Using the Butler Report, published in the wake of the 2003 Iraq War as a reference, a model of intelligence and foreign policy interaction will be constructed. This model will then be used as a baseline against which to compare the interaction of intelligence and foreign policy relating to chemical and / or biological weapons from three case studies; the Soviet Union, South Africa and Libya. Specifically, this thesis will consider how, in each of the three case studies: intelligence linked to foreign policy, what role intelligence had in the termination / exposure of those programmes, what factors might be seen to affect that relationship, and whether intelligence might be seen to be representative of state power. The thesis will argue that the 2003 Iraq War, as described by Butler, marked a paradigm shift in terms of the relationship between intelligence and foreign policy. In particular, it will be argued that the lead up to that war marks a transition in the function of intelligence from something that had always worked to gather information to inform foreign policy to hunting for information to directly support or justify a foreign policy decision that has already been taken. Each of the three case studies will also show the intelligence and foreign policy relationship is further influenced by other factors including personalities, organisational structures and cultures as well as the perceived importance of that case study as a political issue. The thesis will conclude by suggesting that the case studies examined provide several policy recommendations; that HUMINT is essential in counterproliferation efforts, that the development of technical specialists with UK intelligence agencies is vital to prevent future proliferation crises, and that pre-emptive war places such rigorous demands on the intelligence agencies it seems they are at present unable to respond quickly enough – this requires urgent action if UK foreign policy is to continue to purse counter-proliferation as a key objective.
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Alexandre, Laurice. "Les pratiques du portage commercial à l'international : le rôle des stratégies de contre-intelligence économique et stratégique." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33007.
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Le portage commercial est un mode d'entrée à l'international. Il concerne principalement deux partenaires. Le premier (dans la plus part des cas un groupe), prête son circuit de distribution, à l'autre partenaire (dans la plus part des cas une PME), dans le but de lui faciliter l'accès aux marchés où le groupe possède des filiales. Ce partenariat exige une transparence totale de la part des deux partenaires, et une présence physique de l'entreprise porteuse à l'étranger. Cette réalité nous a poussé à penser que les pratiques de l'intelligence économique peuvent être dangereuses pour ce type de partenariat, notamment pour l'entreprise porteuse. Dans ce sens, il nous a paru intéressant de découvrir les stratégies de contre-intelligence économique adoptées par les groupes à cet effet. Trois étapes caractérisent notre recherche : la première étape consiste à approfondir la connaissance des difféentes formes du portage, ses avantages et ses inconvénients, etc. . . Dans le but de mieux comprendre les pratiques de l'intelligence économique, nous allons effectué une recherche-action au sein d'une cellule d'intelligence économique. Cette expérience a confirmé l'existence des risques dans le cadre du portage. Nous avons alors mené une troisième recherche auprès des groupes porteurs, des différentes administrations concernées par la promotion du portage, ou par la sensibilisation à la sûreté, mais aussi auprès de responsables sûreté au sein des groupes. Cette recherche nous a montré que tous les groupes pratiquent la contre-intelligence économique appelée souvent sûreté. Ces pratiques se résument à des aspects juridiques comme le contrat de clauses de confidentialité ou de non concurrence, ou encore les brevets. Sur un plan technique, nous évoquons la classification de l'information, la cryptologie. Sur le plan informatique, nous citons l'exemple du changement de mots de passe permanent, etc. . .
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Ahlqvist, Malin, and Lisa Jansson. "Business Intelligence Implementation from a User Perspective : A case study of an international company implementing BI in the procurement function." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448626.
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This case study investigates what factors are important during the business intelligence implementation, and also how those factors affect the perception of the BI project according to the end-users. The study was conducted as a qualitative single case study where the data was mainly collected using semi-structured interviews in two rounds. The studied case was a proof of concept project in an international company, where they implemented business intelligence within the procurement function in three of their subsidiaries to determine if they would implement BI in the whole group. During the first round of interviews, three factors were identified as important namely, ownership, involvement and evaluation. During the second round, the end-users expressed some deficiencies that could be improved in regard to the three factors. The study concludes that the factors ownership, involvement and evaluation were important even though evaluation was the only factor that affected the end-users’ perception of the implementation. However, their acceptance of the project was not affected due to the fact that they had expressed such a strong need for BI a long time before the project.
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Graham, Simon Thomas. "Cold War Collaborations: An International History of East German Intelligence Sharing with Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, 1948–89." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20090.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the security service of East Germany and its allies in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia during the Cold War, from 1948–89. My use of international history to analyse intelligence-sharing takes us beyond the hierarchical models that typically characterise collaboration and challenge any notion that peripheral Warsaw Pact states were in awe of the Moscow centre. Instead I show that the services were mutually constructed. I analyse how the East German Ministry for State Security (Stasi) sought to cooperatively establish structures to govern intelligence-sharing processes with the Soviet Committee for State Security (KGB) and the Czechoslovakian State Security Service (StB), so that domestic security needs were balanced with the broader alliance’s objectives for collaboration. The tension between national interests and transnational obligations was felt acutely in East Germany and Czechoslovakia. I examine how such tensions were reconciled and, conversely, the effects of failed reconciliation efforts in order to understand the complexities of intelligence collaboration. My research predominantly addresses these questions in relation to the transfer of foreign intelligence. This approach leads me to new sites of intelligence diplomacy as I examine East German diplomacy in the developing world, particularly Zanzibar, and invites reconsideration of old themes, including the Stasi’s role in the 1983 War Scare.
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Fett, Denice Lyn. "Information, Intelligence and Negotiation in the West European Diplomatic World, 1558-1588." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275425139.
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Marsal, Jose Javier. "Utilising competitive intelligence, a key component of knowledge management, to formulate a strategy to develop and manage international markets." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/94.
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Straczek, Jozef Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The origins and development of Royal Australian Naval signals intelligence in an era of imperial defence 1914-1945." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39737.
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This thesis examines the origins and development of signals intelligence in the Royal Australian Navy, during the period 1914 to 1945, within the context of an Australian contribution to Imperial defence. In doing so it demonstrates how the development of this capability was shaped by national, Imperial and international forces and events. The thesis thus fills a gap in the historiography of imperial defence and of early twentieth century signals intelligence. It also constitutes a case study of the development of a niche military capability by a small to medium power in the context of great power alliances and major historical events. The thesis is based principally upon the investigation of documents in the Australian, US and UK national archives, some of which have been newly declassified for this purpose. During the First World War the RAN undertook a minor cryptographic effort focused on intercepting and breaking coded messages from the German Pacific Squadron. After the War, and at the request of the RN, the RAN began to develop a signals intelligence capability aimed at the Imperial Japanese Navy. This capability was seen as part of the RAN contribution to Imperial defence. The commitment, made without Australian political approval, would see the RAN conduct two covert intelligence collection operations against the Japanese Mandated Territories. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and subsequent defeat of the Western Powers in Asia, the RAN signals intelligence organisation became, as a consequence of agreements between Britain and the USN, part of the USN organisation in the Pacific. At no stage however, was the RAN involved in the discussions which accompanied these arrangements nor did it have any subsequent say in the strategic direction of this capability. As a consequence, when the Pacific War was drawing to a close the future of the RAN's cryptographic organisation came in to question. By the time the Japanese surrendered this issue had still not been resolved. Beyond the history of the origins and development of signals intelligence in the RAN, and of its involvement in the signals intelligence war against Japan, the thesis highlights the importance of committed individuals in small military organisations and how they can greatly influence the success or otherwise of these organisations. The ability of personnel from different nations to work together in signals intelligence is reflective of the functioning of the alliance as a whole. The development of such a niche capability by a small to medium power can have an effect on that nation's standing, in the context of alliance relationships, as it did in this case. As the RAN found however, such capabilities do not provide for automatic access to strategic decision making within an alliance.
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Solberg, Søilen Klaus. "Wirtschaftsspionage in Verhandlungen aus Informationsökonomischer und Wirtschaftsetischer Perspektive : Eine Interdisziplinäre Analyse." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Management, Karlskrona, Sweden, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18032.
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The dissertation examines a case of industrial espionage by one of the parties involved in a forthcoming international negotiation. We want to know what consequences a burglary has for the actual negotiation. The dissertation consist of five hypothesis, of which the three first were empirically tested. The discussion of thesis four and five is supported basically by research literature, but have also found indirect support in the empirical study. A game theoretical model of four information sets is used.Thesis 1: Pay-offs do not change significantly from one information set to the other. confirmedThesis 2: Behavior do not change significantly from one information set to the other. confirmedThesis 3: The perception of fairness do not change significantly from one information set to the other. confirmedThesis 4: International negotiations is socially so complex that it only makes sense to study the phenomena from an interdisciplinary angle. confirmedThesis 5: A descriptive evolutionary approach can be an alternative to neoclassical economic theory in understanding the study of international negotiations. confirmedThe study also confirms that economic theory is correct in excluding the ethical dimension from their models, as these factors have little influence on the end price. Fairness plays only a minor role in international negotiations.
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Grondhuis, Sabrina Nicole. "Comparison of the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th Edition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276739372.
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Lewis, Alicia Hunter. "Developing Global Citizens: Perceptions Regarding Educational Leadership in an International Expatriate School." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1901.
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International expatriate schools require educational leaders to guide culturally diverse stakeholders as they prepare students to address world problems. In the United States, effective educational leadership has been demonstrated as necessary to implement research-based practices. However, researchers have not yet established the leadership needed from expatriate kindergarten through Grade 12 school leaders seeking to develop global citizens. This gap leads to the question of how international expatriate educational leaders demonstrate empathetic, emotionally self-managed, or interculturally sensitive skills when meeting a school's global-minded strategic plan. The purpose of this case study was to describe expatriate school leaders' perceptions of how they and their peers demonstrate these skills. The conceptual framework included distributed leadership, emotional intelligence, and intercultural sensitivity in the context of global citizenship. Data from an expatriate middle school in China included interviews with school leaders, documents, and researcher notes. The results indicated that expatriate leaders demonstrated empathy through social responsibility, emotional self-management through personal and professional competence, and intercultural sensitivity through active civic engagement. International expatriate schools may benefit if educational leaders demonstrate support and concern and provide examples of the global-mindedness expected of students. These results can guide faculty members' professional competencies toward implementing instructional programs that target the development of global citizens. Social change could result from international expatriate schools applying described models of distributed leadership toward a unified and socially just purpose.
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Martinus, Richard. "An investigation into the influence of personality factors on cultural intelligence and the direct and moderating effects of international experience." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17137.
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Globalization has created tremendous opportunities for organizations, but also created challenges due to cultural diversity, highlighting the importance of cross-cultural competencies in becoming successful nowadays.
Cultural Intelligence (CQ) has emerged as an important concept describing the individual capabilities needed to effectively interact across cultures.
Utilizing the theory of evolutionary personality psychology, several relationships are predicted between certain personality traits and factors of CQ. In addition, social learning theory is applied to explain the expected relationships between international experience and CQ.
Thirdly, several hypotheses are developed to investigate if international experience strengthens the relationship between certain personality traits and elements of CQ.
Based on a sample size of 197 employees from a financial services company, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses validate the theorized four-factor CQ model. The results, based on stepwise regression analyses, confirm the expected relationship between international experience and all factors of CQ, except BCQ. In addition, the results reveal several significant relationships between personality factors and CQ. Novel for the research on CQ is the confirmation of several significant correlations between “dark-side“ personality traits (which have been characterized as ineffective behaviours) and elements of CQ. This study also shows several moderating relationships, providing new insights and posing important questions for future research, contributing to the accumulating literature on CQ.
In addition, the results of this study provide interesting suggestions for practice, emphasizing the importance of adapting Human Resources policies to recruit, enable and retain those employees who are likely to successfully grasp the opportunities that globalization offers. In order to achieve this, organizations should rely on a broad range of assessment and development tools, focussing on CQ, personality traits and previous international experience, when selecting and preparing individuals for cross-cultural careers.
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Brito, Anna C. "Misuse of Executive Power as an Obstacle to Democratic Institutional Reform in Argentina." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1366.
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This thesis explores three different institutions that underwent proposed reforms during the President of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007-2015): the intelligence sector, the judiciary, and the media. Though the stated purpose of these reforms was to make more democratic institutions that had suffered under the military junta, in reality they were generally unsuccessful. Furthermore these institutions would be further changed under her successor, Mauricio Macri, still with little improvement to democracy. When examining these changes in the context of hyper-presidentialism, it is apparent that the misuse of executive power is a serious impediment to meaningful institutional reform.
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Reinstein, Thomas. "The Way A Drunk Uses A Lamp Post: Intelligence Analysis and Policy During the Vietnam War, 1962-1968." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/533801.
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HistoryPh.D.
This dissertation examines the relationship between intelligence analysis and policy formation during the Vietnam War from 1962 to 1968. Rooted in a multidisciplinary approach that draws from history and international relations theory, it argues that Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, along with most of their top advisors, used intelligence analysis to confirm their preconceived notions about the U.S. war effort in Vietnam. Both presidents and the majority of their advisors all agreed that while victory in Vietnam would be difficult, allowing the Republic of (South) Vietnam (RVN) to fall to Communism was unthinkable. They filtered out intelligence analyses that suggested the U.S. could not win or that its geopolitical position could withstand the RVN’s loss. JFK and LBJ’s national security decision-making system enabled this dysfunctional use of intelligence. Both presidents relied on an ad hoc system of policy formation in which major policy decisions took place in informal meetings staffed only by their most trusted advisors. Doing so allowed either president or their advisors latitude to expel intelligence officers from critical meetings for any reason. Analysts who became bearers of bad news on the war effort or developed negative personal relationships with any influential member of the administration risked banishment to the policy wilderness. On the other hand, analysts who reinforced their customers’ preconceptions received more access to policy circles. Top Kennedy and Johnson administration officials abused intelligence in several different ways. Ignoring or disregarding analyses that cast doubt on the war effort’s prospects was most common. In such cases, officials favored more optimistic reporting or used their own reasoning. In doing the latter, most policymakers and military officials based decisions on personal insecurity, rigid anti-Communism, previous personal experiences during World War II, and interpretations of history that justified American involvement in Vietnam. They also “cherry-picked” or pulled language from analyses that justified their positions while ignoring language elsewhere in the same reports that did not. And when the war became more controversial within the Johnson administration in 1967, some pro-war officials began openly politicizing intelligence, or pressuring analysts to advance a particular conclusion regardless of evidence. Finally, gaps in intelligence collection and analytic tradecraft worsened the intelligence community’s standing during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. Throughout the war, American intelligence collectors were unable to break the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam’s high-level communication codes or recruit any defectors or spies within the Hanoi government. Analysts thus used less reliable evidence, which weakened the reliability of their conclusions. Many analysts did not even cite sources at all. Analysts also used vague language that made their findings appear untrustworthy. All of these factors made Vietnam-era intelligence analyses easier for their readers to ignore. The result was flawed policy and strategy in Vietnam.
Temple University--Theses
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Wagner, Steven Benjamin. "British intelligence and policy in the Palestine mandate, 1919-1939." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:efc4e125-abf5-40a0-b7b4-db8d92a0062e.
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This research argues that during the inter-war years in Palestine, British power was dependent upon intelligence. Intelligence was fundamental to the security of the country, since it varyingly augmented understrength force, or supported overwhelming force. Intelligence also supported policymakers as issues of governance were debated. It allowed British decision makers to avoid making a decision on self-government during the 1920s and it supported Britain’s failed attempts to introduce a constitution during the 1930s. Intelligence also was crucial to Britain’s relations with the Arab nationalist and Zionist communities. Of particular importance was Britain’s partnership and subsequent war with the Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husseini. This thesis sheds new light on the role of intelligence in British colonial policymaking, the development of the Arab-Zionist conflict, and how Britain failed to manage communal violence. This research offers a new and improved explanation of the origins, unfolding, and defeat of the Palestinian Arab rebellion. British intelligence and policymakers failed to grasp the sophistication of the Palestinian national movement until the mid-1930s, and even then, they focused on clan competition and the politics of ‘notables’. Intelligence and military records explain how British police and military struggled, but ultimately succeeded to suppress and defeat this rebellion. Victory was made possible by innovations within the intelligence and planning staffs, as well as Zionist cooperation. Intelligence shaped policy most clearly at the beginning and end of the period under examination. During 1918-20, the military government was administered by intelligence officers who guaranteed Britain’s future control in Palestine both domestically, and at the League of Nations. In 1939, British policy abandoned its traditional Zionist partners when the need to impose a solution on Palestine coincided with the opportunity, revealed by signals intelligence, to bolster and leverage the influence of ‘Abdul ‘Aziz ibn Sa’ud over the Arab national movement.
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Espinoza, Espinoza Bertha Yrene, and Rivera Natalia Elizabeth Gutiérrez. "Sistema de información para la toma de decisiones, usando técnicas de análisis predictivo para la Empresa IASACORP International S.A." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1271.
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En la actualidad, las empresas manejan una gran cantidad de información, el cual era inimaginable años atrás, la capacidad de recolectarla es muy impresionante. En consecuencia, para varias empresas esta información se ha convertido en un tema difícil de manejar. Diariamente, las empresas sea del sector, tipo o tamaño que sea, toman decisiones, las cuales la mayoría son decisiones estratégicas que pueden afectar el correcto funcionamiento de la empresa.
Es aquí, donde ingresa una de las herramientas más mencionadas en el área de TI: Business Intelligence, este término se refiere al uso de datos en una empresa para facilitar la toma de decisiones, explotar su información, y mejor aún, plantear o predecir escenarios a futuro.
El presente trabajo permitirá al área de Marketing de la empresa Iasacorp International, obtener información sobre el comportamiento y hábitos de compra de los clientes, mediante técnicas de minería de datos como Árbol de Decisión y técnicas de análisis predictivo, la cual ayudará a la toma de decisiones para establecer estrategias de venta de las líneas (bisutería, complementos de vestir, accesorios de cabello, etc.) que maneja la empresa y de las próximas compras.
De acuerdo a lo planteado anterior mente, la implementación de este tipo de sistemas de información ofrece a la empresa ventajas competitivas, permite a la gerencia analizar y entender mejor la información y por consecuencia tomar mejores decisiones de negocio.
At present, companies handle a lot of information, which was unimaginable years ago, the ability to collect it is very impressive. Consequently, for many companies this information has become a difficult issue to handle. Due to the large volume of information we have, instead of being useful you can fall in a failed attempt to give proper use.
Every day, companies in any sector, type or size, make decisions, most of which are strategic decisions that may affect the proper functioning of the company.
It´s here, where we talk about the most mentioned tools in the area of IT: Business Intelligence, this term refers to the use of data in an enterprise to facilitate decision-making, exploit their information, and better yet, raise or predict scenarios future.
This work will allow the area Iasacorp Marketing Company International, information on the behavior and buying habits of customers, through predictive analysis techniques, which will help the decision to establish sales strategies lines (jewelry, clothing, hair accessories, etc.) that manages the company and nearby shopping.
According to the points made above, the implementation of such information systems offers companies competitive advantages, allows management to better analyze and understand information and consequently make better business decisions.