Academic literature on the topic 'International Holiness Mission (South Africa)'
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Journal articles on the topic "International Holiness Mission (South Africa)"
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Houle, Robert. "Mbiya Kuzwayo's Christianity: Revival, Reformation and the Surprising Viability of Mainline Churches in South Africa." Journal of Religion in Africa 38, no. 2 (2008): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006608x289666.
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AbstractMuch of the credit for the vitality of Christianity in southern Africa has gone to the African Initiated Churches that date their birth to earlier 'Ethiopian' and 'Zionist' movements. Yet far from being compromised, as they are often portrayed, those African Christians remaining in the mission churches often played a critical role in the naturalization of the faith. In the churches of the American Zulu Mission, the largest mission body in colonial Natal, one of the most important moments in this process occurred at the end of the nineteenth century when participants in a revival, led in part by a young Zulu Christian named Mbiya Kuzwayo, employed the theology of Holiness to dramatically alter the nature of their lived Christianity and bring about an internal revolution that gave them effective control of their churches.
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Nel, M. "Die ontwikkeling van die leerstelling van Goddelike genesing in die Apostoliese Geloof Sending van Suid-Afrika: Enkele kerkhistoriese perspektiewe." Verbum et Ecclesia 14, no. 2 (July 19, 1993): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v14i2.1073.
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The development of the doctrine of divine healing in the Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa: some church historical perspectives In this study attention is given to the development of the doctrine of divine healing in the A.F.M of S.A., starting with its historical roots found in the holiness and revivalistic movements of the nineteenth century. A description of the preaching of the doctrine in the A.F.M of S.A. through the eighty five years of its history follows.
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Darko, N. Darko. "Pentecostalism and Africa-to-Africa missions-financing praxis." Pentecost Journal of Theology and Mission 3 (December 31, 2019): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.62868/pjtm.v3i1.124.
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This article briefly introduces the missions-financing praxis of four Pentecostal churches that are prominent in the emerging African-to- Africa missions, and how this could form a basis for missional practice. The four major churches are, The Church of Pentecost of Ghana, The Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa, Light House Chapel International of Ghana, and The Redeemed Christian Church of God of Nigeria. Before we examine the missions-financing of these missional Pentecostal churches, it will be helpful to explain some of the terms that are used in this article, namely, Mission, Missions and Africa-to-Africa missions.
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Dubarry, Thibaut. "Pentecostal Churches and Capitalism in a South African Township: Towards a Communism of the Market?" Journal for the Study of Religion 34, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3027/2021/v34n2a6.
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With reference to two Pentecostal churches in the Kayamandi suburb of Stellenbosch, South Africa, we consider the ways in which capitalism and the Pentecostal spirit interrelate in a contemporary South Africa. We start off by acknowledging that many forms of Pentecostalism now tend to follow the paradigm set by neo-Pentecostalism, and that the same might be true of our two church communities, Revival Fire Ministries, and the Apostolic Faith Mission, even if the latter is more typically regarded as part of the classical Pentecostal movement in South Africa. Then we discuss Pentecostalism and its relationship to the secular domain. We show how Pentecostalism, in contrast to traditional forms of Christianity, is par excellence involved in the immanent/horizontal affairs of believers' lives. Indeed, the market itself appears to be sacralized, implying a transfer of holiness into the secular domain. We conclude with the idea that we have observed a fourth wave of Pentecostalism, anticipating that the golden age of Gesara/Nesara may be considered as a secular faith, forming a Hegelian synthesis of the two so-called secular religions of the 20th century, capitalism and communism. We have analyzed it as an apocatastasis, meaning restoration to the original or primordial condition1.
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Mbenga, Bernard K. "The Reverend Kenneth Mosley Spooner: African-American missionary to the BaFokeng of Rustenburg district, South Africa, 1915-1937." New Contree 81 (December 30, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v81i0.66.
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This article examines the missionary and educational work and impact of Kenneth Spooner, an African-American missionary among the BaFokeng African community in Rustenburg district, South Africa from 1915 to 1937. Originally from Barbados, Spooner immigrated to the USA from where he came to South Africa as an International Pentecostal Holiness Church (IPHC) missionary. Spooner’s church became very popular among the African communities of Rustenburg. His school, for example, for the first time in the region used English as a medium of teaching, unlike the much older German Lutheran Church school’s teaching medium of Setswana; in the mid-1910s in rural South Africa, a black man preaching only in English, with another black person interpreting into an African language, was a spectacle – and another of Spooner’s draw-cards. The article situates Spooner and his work in the sociopolitical context of agitation by white politicians for more and stronger racial discrimination and segregation.
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Ross, Robert. "Towards a concise history of South Africa." European Review 6, no. 3 (August 1998): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279870000332x.
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This article discusses the problems inherent in writing a short historical survey of South Africa. Such surveys are periodically necessary in order to provide a perspective for monographic studies. This one is organized around the argument that South Africa, for all its internal divisions, has become a single country, and traces the processes of colonial conquest, economic integration and the ideological importance of mission Christianity through which this has come about. Furthermore, the recent changes in the South African governmental system provide a narrative conclusion that was not there in the past and which soon will be no more.
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Jureńczyk, Łukasz. "Determinants of the Participation of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations Mission in South Sudan." Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 14 (December 29, 2021): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2021.1.26.
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The purpose of the paper is to analyze and assess the determinants of the participation of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations Mission in South Sudan. The first part of the paper presents the background of the Chinese army’s involvement in the Sudanese states, and the second part shows the specificity of its involvement in UNMISS. The next two parts deal, respectively, with political, military and strategic, and economic determinants of China’s involvement in this mission. The research problem is contained in the question what were the most important determinants of China’s involvement in the UN Mission in South Sudan? The hypothesis of the paper assumes that the main deterimnant of the involvement was the protection of China’s economic interests in South Sudan and East Africa. In addition, by being active in UN peacekeeping missions, China wants to strengthen this organization and create the image of the state responsible for maintaining international peace and security. The Chinese army is also interested in gaining experience in expeditionary mission to increase the ability of military operations in distant theaters. The method of text source analysis was used in the paper.
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James, Deborah, and Geoffrey Nkadimeng. "‘A Sentimental Attachment to the Neighbourhood’: African Christians and Land Claims in South Africa." Itinerario 27, no. 3-4 (November 2003): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300020854.
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As part of its attempt to understand ‘an apartheid of souls’, this volume is concerned to show how mission activity, particularly that of European-based churches with close links to the expansion of Dutch/Calvinist influence, may have nurtured the local construction of race or ethnic difference in Indonesian and South African society. One well-known account of Christianity in South Africa shows how the interaction between mission and missionised produced a sharply dichotomised sense - experienced by the Tshidi Tswana as the contrast between setsivana and segoa - of difference between indigenous and imported culture. While this shows how processes devoted to undermining it may paradoxically strengthen a sense of cultural identity, what it does not yield is a sense of how Christianity, appropriated within Tswana and other African societies, furnished a means of marking internal distinctions of social class, dovetailing in unexpected ways with ethnic difference. It is such divisions - potently fusing class with ethnicity and having crucial implications for the ownership, reclaiming, and use of land - with which the present paper is concerned.
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Oakley, Robin. "The Nederduitse Gereformeerde Sendingkerk and the Nama Experience in Namaqualand, South Africa." Itinerario 27, no. 3-4 (November 2003): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300020829.
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In Steinkopf, a former coloured Reserve in the Northern Cape Province, the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Sendingkerk (NGS; Dutch Reformed Mission Church), a former sub-branch of the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK; Dutch Reformed Church) forged a legitimate public space for the expression of Nama identity in the 1960s. The legitimisation of aboriginal identity was not accidental, but very much an expression of apartheid policies of the day. I hope to demonstrate both the content and the consequences of this particular episode in Steinkopf, and thereby contribute to an understanding of the links between a crumbling capitalist infrastructure and the ideological efforts to reinforce that infrastructure through processes of ethnic strengthening. My claim is that the NGK played an ideological role supporting the capitalist interests as it strengthened the super-structural pillars of the segregation and apartheid eras.
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Sens, Angelie, Carl H. D. Steinmetz, Anneke Hoek, and Gina Lafour. "Vision and Mission: To Restore and Work on a Narrative About South Africa and the Netherlands for Our (Grand)Children and Future Generations." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2024): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.16485.
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This article shows a contrast between the morality of South Africa and the Netherlands. The latest example is the courtcase before the International Court of Justice in The Hague. The Netherlands is conspicuously keeping its distance. This may be explained by the neo-colonial attitude of the Netherlands during the period when it colonised, enslaved, looted and pillaged South Africa, imposed indentured labour and established apartheid. This article attempts to initiate a new narrative that transcends this sickening history, a narrative intended for South African and Dutch great-grandchildren. We see this narrative as a start for rewriting history, but also for writing children's books and creating restorative art expressions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International Holiness Mission (South Africa)"
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Sarja, Karin. ""Ännu en syster till Afrika" : Trettiosex kvinnliga missionärer i Natal och Zululand 1876–1902." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2876.
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In Natal and Zululand Swedish missions had precedence through the Church of Sweden Mission from 1876 on, the Swedish Holiness Mission from 1889 on, and the Scandinavian Independent Baptist Union from 1892 on. Between 1876 and 1902, thirty-six women were active in these South African missions. The history of all these women are explored on an individual basis in this, for the most part, empirical study. The primary goal of this dissertation is to find out who these women missionaries were, what they worked at, what positions they held toward the colonial/political situation in which they worked, and what positions they held in their respective missions. What meaning the women’s mission work had for the Zulu community in general, and for Zulu women in particular are dealt with, though the source material on it is limited. Nevertheless, through the source material from the Swedish female missionaries, Zulu women are given attention. The theoretical starting points come, above all, from historical research on women and gender and from historical mission research about missions as a part of the colonial period. Both married and unmarried women are defined as missionaries since both groups worked for the missions. In the Swedish Holiness Mission and in the Scandinavian Independent Baptist Union the first missionaries in Natal and Zululand were women. The Church of Sweden Mission was a Lutheran mission were women mostly worked in mission schools, homes for children and in a mission hospital. Women were subordinated in relationship to male missionaries. In the Swedish Holiness Mission and in the Scandinavian Independent Baptist Union women had more equal positions in their work. In these missions women could be responsible for mission stations, work as evangelists and preach the Gospel. The picture of the work of female missionaries has also been complicated and modified.
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Meyer, Lutz Eugen Robert. "The Pentecostal movement as represented in breakthrough international : an expression of Missio Dei? : a contribution to an experiental pneumatology of mission." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3952.
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This thesis critically evaluates the experiential missionary practice of Breakthrough International (BCI), an African charismatic Church, from a perspective of Missio Dei, a modem paradigm of mission conceptualized by ecumenical missiology. BCI, within its African world view, where the spiritual is tangibly real, has grown out of its experience of the Spirit, the divine principle of origin and normal experience of faith. Theological academic discourse, bound to an enlightenment concept of truth within a modem
Cartesian world view, can reasonably access and evaluate BCl's experience of the divine as proper source for theological discourse through BCl's narrative. Missio Dei, a response to the old church centered paradigm of mission, redefines mission as an activity of God, in which the mission centered church participates. God's mission unfolds in (post)modern history transformed through Christ's coming to an eschatological reality. It is realized as such by the local congregation in (post)secular times, acknowledging God's
preferential option for the poor and aims to humanize and liberate the world. God's mission is mediated through culture, and through contextualization creates a polycentric cultural identity of the gospel modeled after Christ's incarnation. It is in as much contextual as it is culture critical. BCI resembles Missio Dei in a very limited fashion. The difference in world views, and its
focus on personal experience, creates an uncritical paradigm of mission aiming to save the believer not the world. With little regard for the history of mission BCI wants to rewrite personal (hi)story without involving itself in world history imposing a spiritual agenda upon the world from the perspective of those who are victimized by history. Though it represents the poor it doesn't grasp Christ's incarnation and its implications for an understanding of the struggle of the poor as an issue of theology proper. Poverty is spiritualized to a matter of personal piety. BCI does not appreciate the contextuality of the gospel but understanding it as above culture. It creates a Christian subculture in limited corrilliunion with the church universal, very reluctant to involve itself in the public domain. Our dialogue with BCl's narrative form of theology acknowledges that modem, ecumenical missiology needs to rediscover the experience of the Spirit as source of mission; yet BCI needs to develop a theology which makes use of scripture, tradition, and reason in order to
find a broader and sustainable understanding of its experience of the divine.
As required by university regulations, I hereby state unambiguously that this study, unless specifically indicated to the contrary in the text, is my own original work. In accordance with the regulations of the University I request to take note that this thesis exceeds the recommended length for a doctoral dissertation. This has been unavoidable since the central question of this study deals with the experience of the Spirit in an African world view and assesses this experience from a modem Cartesian academic world view with special reference to Missio Dei. I have spelled out in detail (cf. pages 11-15 "The plan of the thesis") how incompatible those two world views are and that this incompatibility requires an intensive discussions with respect to the central issues of this thesis (especially Epistemology and Missio Dei). I therefore request the reader to bear with me as I try to move through the problems posed by the complexity of the main question.Thesis (Ph.D)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
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Vhangani, Thambulo John. "Role of SADC'S peace keeping mission : a case study of South Africa in the Lesotho conflict." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/759.
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Yi, Hyunok. "Youth ministry and leadership in the world evangelical mission international (South Africa) : an inclusive ministry approach." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/36816.
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This dissertation begins with the problem that local church leaders, Sunday school teachers
and adult youth leaders do not have a holistic understanding of what youth ministry is or how
to start with youth ministry. And there is a wide gap between adults and the youth because
they do not have enough information about today’s youth.
Youth ministry has been viewed as something separate from the main church. But the
inclusive congregational approach is that youth ministry is part of a comprehensive
congregational ministry with a differentiated and focused way, to, with and through youth as
an integral part of the church.
This dissertation looks into the literature on theories of child development, today’s youth,
family, mentoring, and confirmation to understand youth in the church. Church leaders and
teachers need enough information about the youth and must be aware of the youth’s
developmental needs. Especially church leaders and teachers must work with the parents of
the youth to focus on strong Christian education to connect the generations. They have to
respond to the youth’s crucial questions and issues of today. Then the youth can find what
God intends them to become.
This research focused on 73 church leaders and teachers in 11 WEMI (World Evangelical
Mission International) churches in South Africa. A high percentage of the respondents
understood the concept of youth ministry. But their main problem or difficulty remained the
lack of training to understand youth and the biblical text.
The results of empirical research presented the actual condition of youth ministry in WEMI
churches in South Africa. The churches have to prepare intentional and strategic training for
teachers to get enough information about today’s youth, teaching and communication skill,
leadership development, counselling and knowledge of the Bible.
When the church leaders and teachers are equipped and trained for God’s work, the youth
ministry will be built up strongly in the local church, and the youth will find themselves as
the body of Christ.Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Practical Theology
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Ntakirutimana, Ezekiel. "Facing homeless people in the inner City of Tshwane : a missiological conversation with the Wesleyan tradition." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21712.
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This study was conducted within the pressing social conditions of human vulnerability manifested in a worsening situation of homelessness which forces homeless people into a deplorable life in the inner city of Tshwane. The study is not a detailed strategic plan to design support services that could improve the situation. It is rather about imagining alternative ways to journey with homeless people in their struggle to regain their humanity; hence the title: Facing homeless people in the inner city of Tshwane.
Chapter 2 analyses homelessness in the inner city of Tshwane, locating it within the bigger picture of the City of Tshwane. It takes into account the poverty that drives poor people to the margins, resulting in further human degradation. It exposes the adverse conditions that homeless people endure due to the absence of a social support net. The study obtained its information primarily from conversations with homeless people and with practitioners in church based organisations dedicated to addressing homelessness. Out of these conversations, five different causes of homelessness emerged, ranging from economic and political, to health, social and cultural factors.
Chapter 3 describes a number of church-based initiatives in the inner city of Tshwane that address the situation of homeless people, analysing their strengths and weaknesses in responding to the causes of homelessness as identified in Chapter 2.
Chapter 3 describes a number of church-based initiatives in the inner city of Tshwane that address the situation of homeless people, analysing their strengths and weaknesses in responding to the causes of homelessness as identified in Chapter 2.
Chapter 4 develops an urban theological vision in response to this situation, in the light of the notions of holiness and hospitality in the Wesleyan tradition. Contemplating this teaching, a framework was generated for the journey of the inner city church with homeless people in their efforts to regain humanity, by prioritising economic, political, health, social, and educational strategies. This chapter highlights the fact that John Wesley’s Methodist movement campaigned for the abolition of African slavery. It also journeyed with poor and vulnerable people like widows, orphans and prisoners, using Methodist “Societies” and “Classes” to integrate them into society.
Finally, Chapter 5 presents an integrative urban theological vision and a set of contextual strategies for the inner city church to journey with homeless people, following the horizons of human liberation developed in earlier chapters.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
D.Th. (Missiology (Specialisation in Urban Ministry))
Books on the topic "International Holiness Mission (South Africa)"
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1924-, Butler William J., International Commission of Jurists (1952- ), and American Association for the International Commission of Jurists., eds. The new South Africa: The dawn of democracy : report of a mission on behalf of the International Commission of Jurists and the American Association for the International Commission of Jurists. New York: American Association for the International Commission of Jurists, 1994.
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Mutambirwa, James A. Chamunorwa, 1938-, ed. South Africa: The sanctions mission : report of the Eminent Church Persons Group. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1989.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to provide for the expenses of the Canadian volunteers serving Her Majesty in South Africa. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act respecting the members of the North-West Mounted Police Force on active service in South Africa. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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International Commission of Jurists (1952- ). The New South Africa: The Dawn of Democracy : Report of a Mission on Behalf of the International Commission of Jurists and the American Association. Amer Assoc for the Intl, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "International Holiness Mission (South Africa)"
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van Santen, Rutger, Djan Khoe, and Bram Vermeer. "Our Mission." In 2030. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195377170.003.0003.
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There was no shortage of unprecedented events as we were writing this book. Oil and food prices rocketed and then fell back to Earth; there was a devastating earthquake in Haiti; banks failed; and a new flu virus sparked a worldwide pandemic alert. None of these developments was predicted a year in advance—or at least, not loudly enough to be heard. For all our technological and forecasting skills, we proved unable to take appropriate measures in advance. Technology has been helping us satisfy our material needs since prehistoric times. We learned how to till the soil, how to communicate with one another, and how to stay healthy. Almost everyone in the Western world now has enough to eat, a roof over their heads, and clean water. A great many basic needs have therefore been met—so much so that some observers now claim that the need for further technological advances is diminishing. Recent events argue against such a view. Humanity is increasingly confronted with crises that, for the first time in our history, are global in scope. The food shortages we saw in 2007 occurred simultaneously in Asia, Africa, and South America; the recession that took hold in 2008 did so simultaneously worldwide; and when the flu pandemic broke out in 2009, germs were able to cross between continents in a matter of days. Climate change and oil depletion, meanwhile, are no less global challenges that we will face in the decades ahead. The globalization of disaster is itself rooted in our technology. Generations of engineers have steadily woven an international web of industries, communications, and markets that has resulted in planetary interdependence. These global networks are now so tightly knit that we share a common fate. We will now survive together or quite possibly perish together. The authors of this book are concerned about the new scale on which many of these pressing problems are now manifesting themselves. Because technology has been a key factor in triggering these issues in the first place, we believe it should also be part of solving them and of preventing similar problems from arising in the future.
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Brown, Stewart J. "The Great Pacifist, 1894–1912." In W. T. Stead, 165–208. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832539.003.0005.
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From the mid-1890s, W. T. Stead fervently took up the cause of world peace; the peace campaign, inspired by his Christian faith, became his most prominent public activity of his final years. His peace activism included a leading role in opposing the South African War of 1899–1902, a role that made him for a time arguably the most hated person in Britain. He also took a prominent role in promoting the international peace conferences at The Hague in 1899 and 1907. Through his peace commitments Stead become an increasingly international figure, who from about 1903 moved beyond his former belief in the divine mission of the ‘English-speaking race’—now to denounce ‘pseudo-scientific’ racism, to call for justice for victims of Western imperialism in Africa and India, and to promote ideas of world federation.
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Natsume, Nagato, and David S. Precious. "Innovations in International Cooperation for Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate." In Cleft Lip And Palate, 498–501. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139068.003.0042.
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Abstract Since World War II, there has been a remarkable increase in international activities concerned with public health, an important example of which is the treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate. Most of this treatment is carried out by volunteers from developed countries, who either belong to or participate with nongovernment organizations (NGOs). The stated goals of these NGOs are to provide free surgery, which would otherwise not be available, to patients who have cleft lip and palate; to train surgeons in developing countries to perform these operations; and to donate equipment, instruments, teaching aids, and the like to regions where there is need. It is encouraging to note that today many individuals and NGOs perform charitable operations on patients with cleft lip and palate in developing countries. Several organizations send missions to as many as 20 different countries spanning South America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Emphasis on volunteer treatment in Asia is particularly important given the proportionally higher incidence of cleft lip and palate in that population. Thanks to these contributions, many children have been helped and the skills of local surgeons have improved. Also encouraging is the greater emphasis some organizations are now placing on local self-sufficiency as a necessary condition for long-term treatment of cleft lip and palate in developing nations. Operation Smile (www.operationsmile.org), for instance, trains local medical providers from the mission site while there and, upon departure, leaves behind necessary medical equipment. In 1999, the organization donated sufficient equipment to supply both an operating room and a recovery room in 18 countries. They have also relied on multimedia as a means to pass on knowledge to local missions by donating instructional videos and video equipment. SmileTrain (www.smiletrain.org) also works toward local self-sufficiency. One means that they employ is to co-sponsor educational scholarships for doctors from developing nations to attend international cleft lip and palate meetings.
Conference papers on the topic "International Holiness Mission (South Africa)"
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Métais, Thomas, Stéphan Courtin, Manuela Triay, François Billon, Pascal Duranton, Rudy Briot, Florent Bridier, Cédric Gourdin, and Jean-Pascal Luciani. "An Assessment of the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in the Fatigue Rules of the RCC-M Code Through the Benchmark With the EN-13445-3 Standard." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65397.
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The RCC-M code [1] is a well recognized international code and provides rules for the design and the construction of mechanical equipment for pressurized water reactors. It is used today for the nuclear industry exclusively, in countries such as France, South Africa and China and it is the basis for the design of the UK EPR to be built in Hinkley Point. The RCC-M code’s fatigue rules emanate from the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and are hence very similar, albeit they have evolved in their own way over time to include some R&D results and other evolutions. These rules are published by AFCEN which involves a wide range of international organizations from the nuclear industry such as Apave, Areva, Bureau Veritas, CEA, DCNS, EDF, EDF Energy, ONET-MHI, Rolls-Royce and Westinghouse. The EN-13445-3 [2] is a European standard which is mostly in use today in the conventional industry. Its fatigue rules are a compilation of rules from various national European codes, such as the German AD-Merkblatt, the British Standards, the Eurocodes for civil works and the French CODAP. The rules for fatigue are compiled in Chapters 17 and 18 of EN-13445-3 and have been the result of the work of contributors from major European organizations from the nuclear, oil and gas, chemical and mechanical industries: these include, among others, Areva, the Linde Group, CETIM, TÜV, and the TWI (The Welding Institute). Since the beginning of 2015, AFCEN has created a technical Working Group (WG) on the topic of fatigue with the objective of identifying the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in Fatigue analyses (SFUF) and of potentially proposing improvements in the existing fatigue rules of the code. Nevertheless, the explicit quantification of safety factors and uncertainties in fatigue is an extremely difficult task to perform for fatigue analyses without a comparison to the operating experience or in relation to another code or standard. Historically, the approach of the code in fatigue has indeed been to add conservatism at each step of the analyses which has resulted in a difficult quantification of the overall safety margin in the analyses. To fulfill its mission, the working group has deemed necessary to lead a benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard given its wide use through other industries. Two cases were identified: either the comparison with EN-13445-3 is possible and in this case, the identification of safety factors and uncertainties is performed in relation to this standard; either the comparison is not possible, in which case the overall conservatism of the RCC-M code is evaluated in relation with operating experience, test results, literature, etc... This paper aims at describing the overall work of the group and focuses more specifically on the results obtained through the benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard.
Reports on the topic "International Holiness Mission (South Africa)"
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Kelley, Robert E. Verifying Nuclear Disarmament: Lessons Learned in South Africa, Iraq and Libya. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/hrwa2721.
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Inspections in the 1990s and early 2000s in South Africa, Iraq and Libya were designed to discover the details of nuclear weapon programmes and destroy any remnants. As the global norm against nuclear weapons strengthens, the international community may once more require verification of a state’s denuclearization. But success in the three earlier cases does not guarantee success in the next similar task—any future inspection mission must learn from the lessons of the past. This report draws on the unique experience of Robert Kelley, a participant in all three past denuclearization efforts. In it, he gives an account of the unique scale and circumstances of each investigation and the different tools and approaches required. By publicly documenting and comparing obstacles and successes in the three cases for the first time, this report will be an essential resource for future inspectors.