Journal articles: 'International Federation of the Red Cross'

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Makhnycheva, Yu, and Е. Gordienko. "International Red Cross and Red Crescent." Vrač skoroj pomoŝi (Emergency Doctor), no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2001-05.

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The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an international independent organization, staff of which provides humanitarian aid to affected and needy people. The ICRC works in armed conflict zones, in areas of natural disasters, natural and technogenic accidents. In peacetime, the organization’s employees fight against physical violence, provide assistance with water supply and improving housing conditions, visit prisoners, monitor the conditions of detention and respect for their rights in addition to large-scale rescue operations. The ICRC's work includes family reunification, humanitarian diplomacy, health care, mine action, economic security and much more. The movement includes the International Committee of the Red Cross, National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The management of the ICRC is represented by the Assembly, the Assembly Council, the Directorate. Peter Maurer, President of the ICRC, heads the Assembly Council and the Assembly of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

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Dick, Bruce. "The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies." Tropical Doctor 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559202200308.

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Lander, Mario Villarroel. "75th anniversary of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies." International Review of the Red Cross 34, no. 301 (August 1994): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400078621.

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This year, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies has celebrated an important anniversary. Seventy-five years ago, five men from five different Societies — American, British, French, Italian and Japanese — sat together to forge a union of Societies around the world, a global consortium united in its quest to serve humanity. Decades later, with a membership of 162 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, a total of 124 million individual members and 250,000 employees, the Federation has marked 75 years of response to the suffering of humankind. Now some changes are in order to help us meet our humanitarian goals. Yet our mission, governed by the fundamental principle of humanity, the cornerstone of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, remains constant.

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Kisselev, Andrei K. "The League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1983)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043521.

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The League of Red Cross Societies is the international federation of the 130 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, which together have a membership of more than 230,000,000. The League is one of the three components of the International Red Cross, the others being the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the National Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies.The ICRC acts as a neutral intermediary in humanitarian matters during international conflicts, civil wars and internal disturbances, providing protection and assistance to victims, prisoners of war and civilian detainees. The League objective is to facilitate, encourage and promote the humanitarian activities of its member societies and thus contribute to the promotion of peace in the world.

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Fisher, David. "The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the IDRL Guidelines." Commonwealth Law Bulletin 35, no. 4 (December 2009): 743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050710903387923.

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Mau, Vicki. "Mobilising the Movement: Australian Red Cross, migration, and the role of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement around humanitarian response." International Review of the Red Cross 99, no. 904 (April 2017): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383118000115.

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AbstractEstablished in war, embedded in communities and operational in every major natural and man-made disaster, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the Movement) – including 191 National Societies – is uniquely positioned to address the humanitarian needs of migrants at all points of their journey. With migration on the rise and an area of intense debate, this article examines the work of Australian Red Cross and the collective efforts of the International Federation of Red Cross Red and Red Crescent Societies, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Asia Pacific Migration Network, particularly across 2015-17, to support the Movement in the region in providing assistance and protection to those who are most vulnerable. It considers the progress made so far, and the potential of the Movement to engage more effectively and collaboratively on opportunities and challenges into the future.

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Chester, D. K. "International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "World Disasters Report 1994" (Book Review)." Third World Planning Review 17, no. 3 (August 1995): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.17.3.r85x73365310142h.

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Kauffman, Carole K. "The American Red Cross Training System for Preparing Disaster Health Services Personnel." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 3, no. 1 (1987): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0002882x.

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Disaster relief and the spirit of volunteerism have been inextricably interwoven with the design and development of Red Cross societies around the world. The American Red Cross is one of 131 members of an international federation of national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies, the League of Red Cross Societies. Societies are chartered by their own governments and conduct programs in the fields of health, welfare, and safety in accordance with each nation's needs.

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Gasser, Hans-Peter. "Follow-up to the International Conference for the Protection of War Victims (1993) — Guidelines for Military Manuals and Instructions on the Protection of the Environment in Times of Armed Conflict." International Review of the Red Cross 36, no. 311 (April 1996): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400084126.

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Resolution 1 adopted by the 26th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (Geneva, 1995) endorsed the recommendations drawn up by an intergovernmental group of experts charged with translating the Final Declaration of the International Conference for the Protection of War Victims (Geneva, August/September 1993) into proposals for “concrete and effective measures”. These recommendations are addressed primarily to the States party to the Geneva Conventions, including the depositary of those instruments. However, the ICRC, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies are also urged to contribute to the effort of achieving better implementation of international humanitarian law, the main objective being to prevent violations from occurring.

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Saaristo, P., and T. Aloudat. "(A187) Red Cross Volunteers' Roles in Epidemic Control: Community-Level Interventions during Cholera Outbreaks in Zimbabwe and Haiti." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1100183x.

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Managing epidemics, or preferably, preventing them, is a priority for the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC). The IFRC response to the cholera outbreaks in Zimbabwe in 2009 and in Haiti in 2010 both included: the Emergency Response Unit system as the backbone, and the International Red Cross Movement helped the National Red Cross Society fulfill its humanitarian mandate during the emergency. Water and Sanitation units and Basic Health Care Units cooperated seamlessly to ensure consistency and effectiveness in the activities. A large part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement response is performed by community-based volunteers. During both outbreaks, the Red Cross put special focus on community-level interventions. In both countries, the National Red Cross Society, supported by the International Federation of the Red Cross, trained volunteer groups using a local adaptation and translation of the IFRC training package for emergency health and epidemic control. Research has shown that community volunteers frequently lack the background information necessary for a quick and efficient response to epidemics, especially when they are located in areas that do not benefit from the support and guidance of health professionals. This is particularly true in developing countries that often lack sufficient healthcare facilities and staff. To help fill those gaps, the IFRC launched a training package — Epidemic Control for Volunteers — more effectively involving volunteers in the epidemic management. It provides volunteers with a basic understanding of the diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. This training package is intended for volunteers and trainers in local branches of Red Cross and Red Crescent societies. It teaches them how they can help limit the number of victims, act quickly and effectively, and define their role in the community before, during, and after an epidemic.

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Blondel, Jean-Luc. "Cooperation between National Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross: an essential and demanding partnership." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 323 (June 1998): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400090951.

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The ICRC has always maintained contacts, often close ones, with the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. According to Article 3 of the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, “the National Societies form the basic units and constitute a vital force of the Movement”. In this sense, the ICRC regards them as special partners in the conduct of its humanitarian activities, as it recently re-emphasized in its strategic study on the organization's future, which it shared with all the National Societies in a letter dated 16 December 1997: “As a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement — of which it is the founder — the ICRC works to ensure respect for the Fundamental Principles and cooperates primarily with the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and their Federation” (emphasis added).

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Makishima, Toshiharu. "The Psychological Support Program of the Japanese Red Cross Society: Introduction from the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, S1 (March 1999): S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00034889.

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13

Walker, Peter. "Linking Relief and Development: The Perspective of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies." IDS Bulletin 25, no. 4 (October 1994): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004016.x.

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Linde, Thomas. "Humanitarian assistance to migrants irrespective of their status – towards a non-categorical approach." International Review of the Red Cross 91, no. 875 (September 2009): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383109990439.

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AbstractHumanitarian organizations dealing with migrants have long prioritized such people according to legal and institutional categories, therefore focusing on those fleeing conflict, violence or persecution. In a departure from this tradition, it was recommended at the 30th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent that the Movement should take an inclusive approach towards addressing the humanitarian dimension of migration, irrespective of the status of the migrants of concern. This article discusses the shift towards such an approach, and how it has been implemented in the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies' migration policy.

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Villarroel Lander, Mario Enrique, and Cornelio Sommaruga. "World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day 1995 — Joint Message of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and of the International Committee of the Red Cross: Dignity for All: Respect for Women." International Review of the Red Cross 35, no. 306 (June 1995): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400083984.

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Ponce, Arnaldo, and Norma Archila. "Assistance for and protection of migrants: Experience of the Honduran Red Cross." International Review of the Red Cross 99, no. 904 (April 2017): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311800022x.

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AbstractThe Honduran Red Cross began working in the area of migration in July 2012, when it set up the Migrant Assistance Module in Corinto for Honduran migrants returning over land at the Honduran–Guatemalan border. The Honduran Red Cross has helped hundreds of returning and irregular migrants, thanks to agreements with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Migration Institute. It has also worked with other National Red Cross Societies in the region, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross, which have helped it to strengthen its capacity and build a comprehensive vision for the protection and assistance of migrants. This article summarizes the action that the Honduran Red Cross has undertaken with respect to migration and explores the services provided at the Corinto module, the Honduran Red Cross's subsequent management of the Returning Migrant Assistance Centre in Omoa and other care centres for migrants returning because of their irregular status, and the development and implementation of projects on migration and related topics.

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Sommaruga, Cornelio. "Greater solidarity for a more humane approach to development." International Review of the Red Cross 34, no. 301 (August 1994): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002086040007861x.

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“To unite Red Cross Societies throughout the world in a concerted effort to prevent, mitigate and alleviate the suffering caused by disease and major disasters”. This was the primary aim of the League of Red Cross Societies (now the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) whose seventy-fifth anniversary we have just celebrated. The League, it will be recalled, was founded in response to the wishes of National Red Cross Society leaders and eminent representatives of the medical world — inspired by President Woodrow Wilson's ideals — to submit to Societies programmes of action in the general interest of humanity and coordinate their efforts in dealing with the scourges of that time.

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Mize, Ashley M. "Anthropology and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: A 2018 Interdisciplinary Observance in Solferino, Italy." Student Anthropologist 7, no. 1 (September 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.sda2.20200700.0002.

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Lapaš, Davorin. "Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities for IGO-Like Entities." International Organizations Law Review 16, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 378–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01602007.

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Contemporary international relations have resulted not only in the establishment of intergovernmental organizations (‘IGOs’), but also in the emergence of certain IGO-like entities which are entering into ‘diplomatic-like’ relations with states, characterised by privileges and immunities similar to those provided under classic diplomatic law. This paper analyses such diplomatic-like relations between states and a number of these IGO-like entities primarily in relation to so-called ‘trans-governmental organizations’ (‘TGOs)’. In addition, organizations composed of formally non-state entities, but with an undoubtedly public purpose, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (‘ICRC’) or the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (‘IFRC’), as well as other so-called ‘advanced’ non-governmental organizations (‘NGOs’), will also be discussed due to their participation in legally regulated international, diplomatic-like relations with states and IGOs.

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Lapaš, Davorin. "Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities for IGO-like Entities." International Organizations Law Review 17, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 350–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-20181132.

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Contemporary international relations have resulted not only in the establishment of intergovernmental organizations (‘IGOs’), but also in the emergence of certain IGO-like entities which are entering into ‘diplomatic-like’ relations with states, characterised by privileges and immunities similar to those provided under classic diplomatic law. This paper analyses such diplomatic-like relations between states and a number of these IGO-like entities primarily in relation to so-called ‘trans-governmental organizations’ (‘TGOs)’. In addition, organizations composed of formally non-state entities, but with an undoubtedly public purpose, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (‘ICRC’) or the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (‘IFRC’), as well as other so-called ‘advanced’ non-governmental organizations (‘NGOs’), will also be discussed due to their participation in legally regulated international, diplomatic-like relations with states and IGOs.

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Bouvier, Antoine A., and Katie E. Sams. "Teaching international humanitarian law in universities: the contribution of the International Committee of the Red Cross." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 5 (December 2002): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138913590000115x.

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Although the promotion of international humanitarian law (IHL) in academic circles is a relatively new activity for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), it has made rapid progress since the mid 1990s. Today, the organisation is following up on university-related activities in some 130 countries around the world. Overseen and harmonised by the ICRC headquarters in Geneva but implemented primarily by operational and regional delegations in the field, the ICRC's programmes targeting university professors and students are notable for their variety and diversity. Nevertheless, the organisation has made a concerted effort to ensure that all such programmes further the same broad objective and operate according to the same principles of action. In the second section of this paper, we examine the issues related to including IHL courses in the regular curricula of the universities and faculties concerned and present themodus operandiadopted by the ICRC on the basis of ‘lessons learned’. In the third section, we highlight the ICRC's experience of promoting IHL in academic circles in the Russian Federation. Section 4 draws some conclusions.

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Vande veegaete, Axel, Vere Borra, Emmy De Buck, and Philippe Vandekerckhove. "Guidelines of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: an overview and quality appraisal using AGREE II." BMJ Open 6, no. 9 (September 2016): e011744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011744.

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Dereli, Türkay, Nazmiye Eligüzel, and Cihan Çetinkaya. "Content analyses of the international federation of red cross and red crescent societies (ifrc) based on machine learning techniques through twitter." Natural Hazards 106, no. 3 (February 5, 2021): 2025–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04527-w.

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Forster, Jacques. "Reversing the spiral of vulnerability." International Review of the Red Cross 34, no. 301 (August 1994): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400078633.

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What can be done to counter the innumerable attacks on human dignity? This vexing question is today a global issue. Over the past 75 years — ever since the founding of the League of Nations and the International Labour Organisation — it has given rise to increasing concern. Indeed, the history of our century, with its seemingly endless succession of wars and economic crises, has furnished constant reminders of its urgency. The problem is currently taking on a new dimension in many States and international organizations, and it is in this context that “improving the situation of the most vulnerable”, the strategic aim of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, should be situated.

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Hardcastle, Rohan J., and Adrian T. L. Chua. "Humanitarian Assistance: towards a right of access to victims of natural disasters." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 325 (December 1998): 589–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400091488.

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If recent estimates are to be believed, more than two million people may have died in the famine that engulfed North Korea in 1997 and 1998. In 1997, the United Nations estimated that 4.7 million North Koreans were in danger of starvation. In response, the international community pledged food aid. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies presented an expanded appeal for aid in June 1997. In January 1998, the World Food Programme (WFP) launched its biggest appeal, setting a target of 380 million US dollars in food aid, nearly double the amount requested for 1997. Yet, the international community has met resistance in attempting to assist North Koreans suffering from malnutrition and facing starvation.

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Fisher, David. "Regulating the Helping Hand: Improving Legal Preparedness for Cross-Border Disaster Medicine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 3 (June 2010): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008037.

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AbstractMedical care is a highly regulated field in nearly every country. Therefore, it is not surprising that legal issues regularly arise in cross-border disaster operations that have with the potential to profoundly impact the effectiveness of international assistance. Little attention has been paid to preparing for and addressing these kinds of issues. This paper will report on research by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) on International Disaster Response Law, and discuss new developments in the international legal framework for addressing these issues.For seven years, the IFRC has studied legal issues in cross-border disaster assistance. Its activities have included several dozen case studies, a global survey of governments and humanitarian stakeholders, and a series of meetings and high-level conferences.The IFRC has found a consistent set of regulatory problems in major disaster relief operations related to the entry and regulation of international relief. These include some issues specific to the health field, such as the regulation of drug donations and the recognition of foreign medical qualifications. To address the gaps in domestic and international regulatory structures, the IFRC spearheaded the development of new international guidelines.The legal risks for international health providers in disaster settings are real and should be better integrated into program planning. Governments must become more proactive in ensuring that legal frameworks are flexible enough to mitigate these problems.

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The Review. "10th Session of the General Assembly of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Geneva, 27–30 November 1995)." International Review of the Red Cross 36, no. 311 (April 1996): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400084102.

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Sandoz, Yves. "From words to action." International Review of the Red Cross 33, no. 296 (October 1993): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400081870.

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Eight hundred and fifteen delegates from 160 States, 39 Ministers, 20 Deputy Ministers and 12 Secretaries of State, the United Nations Secretary-General, the High Commissioner for Refugees and the Under Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement represented by the Presidents of the ICRC and the Federation and the Chairman of the Standing Commission, and all the major governmental and non-governmental organizations active in the sphere of armed conflict the Swiss government succeeded within the space of a few months in arranging for all these to come together in Geneva for a three-day meeting to discuss the protection of war victims and adopt a substantive declaration on the issue. The International Conference for the Protection of War Victims was undeniably a success.

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Lazaroms, Ilse Josepha. "As the Old Homeland Unravels: Hungarian-American Jews’ Reactions to the White Terror in Hungary, 1919–24." Austrian History Yearbook 50 (April 2019): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237819000080.

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In his office on 1 Union Square West in New York City, Samuel Buchler, president of the Federation of Hungarian Jews in America, sat at his desk and looked at the trees turning red, yellow, and brown in the park below the window. It was September 1924, and Buchler had just read the news from Hungary. After years of anti-Jewish violence—the white terror, passively condoned by the postwar regime—the Hungarian government had decided to honor Felix M. Warburg, president of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC, or Joint), with a Red Cross Decoration. The honor came directly from Admiral Miklós Horthy, regent of Hungary, who wanted to acknowledge the role the JDC had played in “mitigating misery in Hungary.” It was clear that the JDC had aided millions of Jewish war victims across the devastated landscapes of East Central Europe, including Hungary. But Buchler was skeptical. Since its founding in 1916, the Federation of Hungarian Jews had tried to ameliorate the fate of Hungarian Jews across the ocean, who in quick succession had felt the tremors of war, terror, revolution, social exclusion, and institutional antisemitism. It was ironic that the government Buchler held responsible for much of the anti-Jewish violence and agitation was now hoping to be on good terms with the most famous Jew in the realm of international humanitarianism. For Buchler and the Federation of Hungarian Jews, this was cause for concern.

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Khosravi, Mohsen, and Alireza Ganjali. "Letter to the Editor: Burnout Management among Health Care Workers in the Age of Coronavirus Disease-19." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (May 14, 2021): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6080.

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AIM: We aimed to understand the early warning signs and symptoms of occupational burnout as red flags among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Based on the suggestions of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies [8], health-care providers need to be trained to increase three components of resilience across the three levels of individual, team, and organization so that they can optimally manage their psychological responses to catastrophes. RESULTS: It seems that both targeted individual and organizational strategies are critical for the overall wellness of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Health care workers experience high levels of burnout during the COVID-19, which warrants attention and support from health policy-makers and practitioners. Current evidence demonstrated that health-care staff could gain significant benefits from interventions to modify burnout syndrome, especially from organization-directed interventions.

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Stoddart, Linda. "The use of the Internet in the development of a global network for disaster management for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies." Program 29, no. 3 (March 1995): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb047200.

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Moretti, Sebastien, and Tiziana Bonzon. "Some reflections on the IFRC's approach to migration and displacement." International Review of the Red Cross 99, no. 904 (April 2017): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383118000255.

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AbstractThis article provides an overview of the development of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies’ (IFRC) approach to migration and displacement. The focus of the IFRC and its member National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (National Societies) in this regard has traditionally been on refugees and other so-called “displaced persons” – that is, people who have been compelled to flee their place or country of origin and for this reason are deemed to be particularly vulnerable. However, this focus has been extended recently, in the course of the past decade, to cover all people who find themselves in a vulnerable situation in the context of migration. The IFRC Migration Policy, which was adopted in 2009, has offered much-needed guidance to National Societies in dealing with all migrants, including irregular migrants. However, it is argued that there is a need today – taking into consideration the increasing number of displaced people worldwide and the numerous contexts in which National Societies are dealing with refugees, internally displaced persons or cross-border disaster-displaced persons – to better understand the programmatic aspects that are specific to displacement compared with migration. This is a necessary condition in view of the development of more adequate and effective responses to the vulnerabilities and needs of migrants and displaced persons.

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Tidball-Binz, Morris. "Managing the dead in catastrophes: guiding principles and practical recommendations for first responders." International Review of the Red Cross 89, no. 866 (June 2007): 421–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383107001130.

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AbstractThe proper management of the dead from catastrophes is an essential component of humanitarian response, together with the rescue and care of survivors and the provision and rehabilitation of essential services. Sadly, insufficient recognition of the importance of ensuring proper management of the dead and of caring for the needs of the bereaved, coupled with the frequent collapse of forensic services in the aftermath of catastrophes, contribute to perpetuating the tragedy and trauma suffered by survivors forever unable properly to bury and mourn their dead. In 2006 the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), together with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), published guidelines for the management of the dead, to help improve the management of the dead after catastrophes. The publication, Management of Dead Bodies after Disasters: A Field Manual for First Responders, offers practical and simple recommendations to non-specialists for the proper and dignified management of the dead in catastrophes and for the care of bereaved relatives. It also helps to dispel the principal myth which often complicates this difficult task: the unfounded association of cadavers with epidemics. The manual has proven to be a valuable tool for first responders, including humanitarian workers, for disaster response and preparedness in various operational contexts.

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Paillard-Borg, Stéphanie, Jessica Holmgren, Panu Saaristo, and Eva von Strauss. "Nurses in an Ebola Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak: Facing and Preparing for Psychosocial Challenges." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402092065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020920658.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the psychosocial experience of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies’ nurses upon their return from deployment at an Ebola Treatment Center during an Ebola virus disease outbreak in Kenema, Sierra Leone, between 2014 and 2015. The following three psychosocial aspects related to pre-, during, and postdeployment were explored: stress management, sociocultural exposure, and attitudes from others. This is a descriptive qualitative study with a cross-sectional design. Questionnaires were administered to 50 nurses, of which 44 responded. Eight themes were identified in relation to the three psychosocial aspects of interest: professional- and self-confidence, pragmatism, wellness activities, human contact, cultural competency, professionalism, pariah, and/or hero. One of the most important findings in this article relates to the essential mental health support pre- and during deployment with an emphasis upon return when the risk of isolation and stigmatization is greater. In conclusion, more research is needed about the psychosocial challenges met by nurses to prepare and support them as increasing threat of emerging infectious diseases puts pressure on global health systems.

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di Cotrone, Antonio Gazzanti Pugliese. "Humanitarian Diplomacy." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-24.

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The article describes humanitarian diplomacy that has to break a potential ideological ice between belligerent parties, establish a network of diplomatic connections in a skillful way, and use every opportunity available to support victims of war. An indisputable fact is that the higher the reputation and the stronger the trust to those using humanitarian diplomacy strategies, the better results will be achieved. The combination of diplomacy and humanitarian activities may lead to the emergence of unexpected interactions. The International Federation of Red Cross mentions that the goal humanitarian diplomacy seeks to achieve is the provision of better care for socially disadvantaged groups of society from governments; establishment of closer ties with decision-makers to generate opportunities to influence them; maintenance of a permanent dialogue at both national and international levels; engagement to a discussion of those who work in the field of humanitarian diplomacy; increase in transparency of such discussion; enhancement of the ability to govern all the useful resources; cooperation with other actors pursuing the same humanitarian goals. Humanitarian diplomacy has to direct its actions at all crises and to both governmental and non-governmental entities of international law; take into account that its aim is to open borders and establish humanitarian corridors ensuring the provision of direct assistance to refugees. The main task is to guarantee long-term actions, while avoiding temporary and fragile alternatives. That is the basis for humanitarian diplomacy of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta with all its peculiarities. Keywords: the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Red Cross, international law, humanitarian diplomacy, crises.

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Roeder, MLS, Larry. "Understanding emergency information management." Journal of Emergency Management 13, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2015.0231.

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Most of my career has been in diplomacy andinternational emergency management. Emergencymanagement positions range from local fire-fightingand city operations centers countering events likeHurricane Katrina to large-scale internationalrefugee and natural disaster operations, unfortunatelythe field has great job growth potential, more criseswill happen with increasingly complex informationproblems. That last point is obvious if we examinereports from USAID (US Agency for InternationalDevelopment), and the International Federation ofRed Cross and Red Crescent Societies. What we needare experts to identify vulnerabilities and solutions,officers who will also be able to blend the basics oflibrary/information management with well-designedcourses on the latest thinking on emergency management.My recommendation is that graduate schools oflibrary/information science build that marriage intheir curriculum as quickly as possible.

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Meagher, R. C., and T. Tingberg. "(A165) Red Cross Health Erus, a Modular Approach to the Challenge of Evolving Emergencies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s47—s48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001634.

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Emergency Response Units (ERUs) were pioneered over a decade ago by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), with the intention of providing a standardized, rapid global tool for response in disasters. Health ERUs are one example of several types of ERUs on stand-by in various countries around the world. Their tented infrastructure, basic medical equipment, and pre-trained personnel allow for the provision of surge medical capacity where it is needed. Commonly used set-ups include a Basic Health Care Unit and a Referral Hospital. The recently-introduced Rapid Deployment Emergency Hospital allows for a lighter, highly mobile infrastructure, with surgical and emergency medical capacity. The modular design of these ERUs allows for deployment with materials “tailored” to the disaster. Their flexibility has been demonstrated in public health emergencies such as the nation-wide cholera epidemic that occurred in Zimbabwe (2008) and more recently in earthquake-damaged Haiti (2010) and flood-affected Pakistan (2010). Health ERUs already on the ground in post-earthquake Haiti were able to re-organize equipment for use in cholera treatment units and centers, and additional ERUs were deployed specifically to set-up treatment centers. In Pakistan, a mobile clinic set-up was used to deliver primary health services to displaced populations, including psychosocial support initiatives and community health messages to minimize the emergence of communicable diseases. The Community Health module (CHM) is a new module in development since 2009. Experience has shown that disrupted health systems, combined with displaced populations can create a fertile environment for communicable disease outbreaks. The CHM addresses primary, secondary and tertiary prevention early in emergencies by engaging communities and more specifically National Society volunteers in epidemic control. The modular design of Health ERUs allow for a rapid and comprehensive approach to delivery of health care in a disaster, with a longitudinal perspective of population needs.

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Gallus, Silvano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Giuseppe Gorini, and Fabrizio Faggiano. "Vatican beats Italy 1–0 in the tobacco endgame." Tobacco Control 28, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054341.

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‘The Holy See cannot be cooperating with a practice that is clearly harming the health of people’. This is the reason behind Pope Francis banning the sale of tobacco products inside the Vatican in January 2018. Just outside the Holy See, in Italy, cigarette sales produce around €13 billion of fiscal revenues every year. In Italy, proposals to increase tobacco taxation are systematically rejected and new tobacco company plants have been officially inaugurated in recent years by representatives of State. The national branch of the Red Cross also shows ambivalent attitudes towards the tobacco industry, from which it has accepted significant funding in disregard of the recommendations of the International Federation of Red Cross. Against this backdrop, it is wishful thinking to imagine that tobacco sales and consumption in Italy will be substantially reduced in the near future. To counteract this situation, more than 30 Italian scientific associations/organisations launched a Manifesto, so far ignored by public authorities, indicating a set of measures whose gradual implementation at country level may lead to a tobacco endgame within the next few decades. Authors of this article would like to express their support for Pope Francis’ enlightened decision and plead with politicians worldwide to follow his example, thus acting more decisively against tobacco.

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Tall, Arame, Simon J. Mason, Maarten van Aalst, Pablo Suarez, Youcef Ait-Chellouche, Adama A. Diallo, and Lisette Braman. "Using Seasonal Climate Forecasts to Guide Disaster Management: The Red Cross Experience during the 2008 West Africa Floods." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/986016.

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In 2008, the seasonal forecast issued at the Seasonal Climate Outlook Forum for West Africa (PRESAO) announced a high risk of above-normal rainfall for the July–September rainy season. With probabilities for above-normal rainfall of 0.45, this forecast indicated noteworthy increases in the risk of heavy rainfall. When this information reached the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) West and Central Africa Office, it led to significant changes in the organization’s flood response operations. The IFRC regional office requested funds in advance of anticipated floods, prepositioned disaster relief items in strategic locations across West Africa to benefit up to 9,500 families, updated its flood contingency plans, and alerted vulnerable communities and decision-makers across the region. This forecast-based preparedness resulted in a decrease in the number of lives, property, and livelihoods lost to floods, compared to just one year prior in 2007 when similar floods claimed above 300 lives in the region. This article demonstrates how a science-based early warning informed decisions and saved lives by triggering action in anticipation of forecast events. It analyses what it took to move decision-makers to action, based on seasonal climate information, and to overcome traditional barriers to the uptake of seasonal climate information in the region, providing evidence that these barriers can be overcome. While some institutional, communication and technical barriers were addressed in 2008, many challenges remain. Scientists and humanitarians need to build more common ground.

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Herlin, Heidi, and Nikodemus Solitander. "Corporate social responsibility as relief from responsibility." critical perspectives on international business 13, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-04-2015-0013.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to get a deeper understanding how not-for-profit organizations (NPOs) discursively legitimize their corporate engagement through cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) in general, and particularly how they construct legitimacy for partnering with firms involved in the commodification of water. The paper seeks to shed light on the values embedded in these discursive accounts and the kind of societal effects and power relations they generate, and the authors are particularly interested in understanding the role of modernity in shaping their responsibilities (or lack of them) via various technologies and practices Design/methodology/approach Drawing on critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1995), the authors analyze the discursive accounts of three water-related CSPs involving the three biggest bottled water producers in the world (Nestlé, Coca-Cola and Danone) and three major non-profits (The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the World Wildlife Foundation and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Findings The NPO’s legitimate their corporate engagement in the water CSPs through the use of two global discourses: global governance discourse and the global climate crisis discourse. Relief from responsibility is achieved through three processes: replacement of moral with technical responsibility, denial of proximity and the usage of intermediaries to whom responsibility is outsourced. Originality/value This paper explores the processes of legitimizing accounts for CSPs, particularly focusing on NPO discourse and their use of CSR elements and the consequences of such discursive constructs, and this has received little to no attention in previous research.

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SARDAR ALI, SHAHEEN. "World Disasters Report 1997 edited by Nick Cater and Peter Walker. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. 173. £15.99 (paperback). ISBN 0 1982 9290 2." Journal of International Peacekeeping 5, no. 2 (1998): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541198x00105.

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Jahre, Marianne, and Nathalie Fabbe-Costes. "How standards and modularity can improve humanitarian supply chain responsiveness." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 5, no. 3 (December 7, 2015): 348–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-06-2015-0026.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the use of standards and modularity for improving responsiveness in the humanitarian context. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a conceptual framework and a systematic literature review, the authors conducted a longitudinal, explorative case on the Emergency Response Unit (ERU) concept in the International Federation of Red Cross Red Crescent Society (IFRC), focussing particularly on the Health ERU in the Norwegian Red Cross. Findings – The authors found that the ERU concept makes use of many types of standards that complement and influence each other, and that the focus on modularity is increasing due to a growing need for responsiveness. Main challenges are trade-offs between autonomy and adaptability to the context resulting in more modularization which may be in danger of breaking the concept. Research limitations/implications – Results from this study could be refined by surveying staff involved in all types of ERU deployments. To explore the generalizability of the findings and test the propositions developed, more studies should be conducted. Practical implications – The study provides more understanding of the use of standards and modularity for improving responsiveness. Practitioners can use the framework as a check-list to identify potential means for improvements. The case can be used for training, discussions, and reflections. The research feeds into IFRC’s and NORCROSS ongoing work to their global response tools. Social implications – The results of the study can support improvements in humanitarian supply chains, thereby providing affected people with cost-efficient, rapid, and better-adapted responses. Originality/value – The authors develop a framework for categorization of standards and modularity in the humanitarian context. The authors provide the first empirical study on how humanitarian organizations use standards and modularity to improve responsiveness concluding with a set of propositions on how the concepts are linked.

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Stillwell, John. "Book review: World Disasters Report 1966 by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Oxford University Press, New York, 1996. No. of pages: 178. Price: 15.99/29.95. ISBN 0 19 829079 9." International Journal of Population Geography 4, no. 2 (June 1998): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1220(199806)4:2<202::aid-ijpg79>3.0.co;2-h.

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Khawaja, Andre, Luiz Augusto Passos Salgueiro, and Ovidio Orlando Filho. "Meta-avaliação da Avaliação do Impacto Socioeconômico do Virus Zika na America Latina e Caribe: Brasil, Colômbia e Suriname como estudos de caso." Revista Meta: Avaliação 10 (October 30, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22347/2175-2753v10i0.1912.

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O presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma meta-avaliação de um relatorio avaliativo elaborado pelo Programa das Nacoes Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD), em parceria com a International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies que realiza uma avaliação de impacto socioeconômico do Virus Zika na America Latina e Caribe, abordando contextos de paises como o Brasil, a Colômbia e o Suriname, como estudos de caso. Sua importância reside no fato de que a epidemia de Zika se tornou nos últimos anos em um dos mais graves problemas de saúde pública na regiao considerada, ameacando seu processo de desenvolvimento. A metodologia da meta-avaliação utilizada para nortear o estudo foi fundamentada nas Diretrizes para Avaliação para a America Latina e Caribe, lancada em 2016 pelas Rede de Monitoramento, Avaliação e Sistematização da America Latina e do Caribe em colaboração com o Projeto Fomento das Capacidades em Avaliação, do Ministerio de Planejamento e Politica Econômica da Costa Rica, e o Instituto Alemao de Avaliação da Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento. No estudo foram consideradas duas de suas cinco dimensoes: a Compreensao Cultural Adequada e a Relevância e Utilidade. A principal conclusao chegada ao fim do estudo apontou que o Documento atende totalmente às dimensoes que foram consideradas, demonstrando ser relevante, útil e culturalmente adequado. Como principal recomendação, sugere-se que o esse tipo de avaliação pode ser replicado para outras regioes, como Africa e Asia, onde o impacto socioeconômico do virus da Zica pode representar grandes perdas para as nacoes gerando atrasos no desenvolvimento local.Palavras Chaves: Meta-Avaliação. Virus Zika. Diretrizes para Avaliação da America Latina e Caribe.

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Stankov, Nikolaj. "The everyday life in the Czechoslovak Republic at the beginning of 1920s in the letters of Red Cross mission’s official I. I. Levin." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2019): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2019.1-2.1.05.

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The Archive of International Politics of the Russian Federation keeps the letters of the Soviet Red Cross official in Prague I. I. Levin to the people’s commissar of foreign affairs of the RSFSR G.V. Chicherin. The letters contain the description of the cross-cultural relations and the social attitudes in the CSR in the beginning of the 1920s. Levin writes in detail how Czech-German contradictions were manifested in the everyday life in the CSR. He also points out the problems in the relations between the Czechs and Slovaks and Rusyns. While noting the widespread antibolshevik views in the Czech society and providing a series of examples for that, at the same time the author of the letters underlines the pragmatism of the Czech businessmen, their interest in developing the trade relations with the Soviet Russia. In the letters a significant attention is dedicated to the literary, theatrical, and musical life of Czechoslovakia. It is evaluated very critically. I. I. Levin said that nothing new was being created, and even it were, it was soaked with a chauvinist feeling. At the same time, new phenomena and achievements of the Czech literature and art of the time are outside of the author’s focus. Levin is treating the everyday life of the inhabitants of Prague from the maximalist position, accusing them of philistinism and provincialism, of the lack of aspirations to lofty ideals. Levin’s letters are a peculiar source for the study of the everyday life in the Czechoslovakia during the first years after the independence and of its perception by the representatives of Soviet Russia.

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Wilson, H. C. "World Disasters Report 2001: Focus on Recovery20012Edited by J. Walter. World Disasters Report 2001: Focus on Recovery. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, June 2001. 248 pp., ISBN: ISBN 92‐9139‐075‐5 £17.95." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 10, no. 5 (December 2001): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm.2001.10.5.366.2.

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Thongs, Gabrielle, and Kerri Griffith. "Building Resilient Caribbean Small-Island Developing States Through Community-Based Disaster Risk Perceptions." Journal of Caribbean Environmental Sciences and Renewable Energy 3, no. 1 (August 2020): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33277/cesare/003.001/03.

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The Caribbean’s susceptibility to natural disasters was reinforced after the multi-hazard impact of the 2017 hurricane season. Multiple disasters have caused severe physical, social, and economic loss in the region since the Caribbean’s disaster susceptibility encompasses more than physical exposure. These susceptibilities, however, have not translated into heightened disaster data collection or risk assessments. The fact is that the region currently lacks a standardized methodology to assess risk. In response to this absence, the ‘Caribbean Risk Information Tool’ (CRIT) was developed by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Since assessing risk is a key aspect to increase resilience, this study seeks to investigate the usefulness of this community-based risk information tool, within the Caribbean context. The paper accordingly aims to examine the role of community-based and local-level approaches using a small island developing state case study. The present results are significant in at least three major respects. From the information collected through the CRIT in the Sangre Grande regional corporation, it was possible to identify the peak months of disasters, the hazards with the highest impact in the regional corporation, the most susceptible communities, the communities that are in immediate danger or crisis, as well as the natural and man-made triggers of the most impactful disasters. The continuous collection of this qualitative data hopes to, therefore, consistently inform mitigation and resilience strategies in the Caribbean.

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Karar Ahmad, Md. "Flood Mitigation in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2018): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.1.1378.

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Floods are the common natural disasters in most of the developing countries, and India isno exception.Due to the geographic and climatic conditions the country remains under threat. Floods have been recurrent phenomenon in many parts of India, causing loss of lives and public property and bringing untold misery to the people. The floods that occurred in India in 2013 were highly catastrophic based on the number of victims. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, IFRC (2013) continues to steer the evacuation efforts as well as in rescuing the stranded victims. Methods of structural control of floodwater can be grouped into four types; namely, storage, diversion, enhancing channel capacity, and constriction of the water within the channel. The following flood mitigation measures could be adopted to mitigate the adverse impacts of severe floods and to prevent normal floods. Flood walls are constructed out of materials such as concrete or steel in order to control the flow of flood waters and prevent the flooding of specific areas. The construction of floodwalls and embankments has been the traditional means of protecting low lying communities and infrastructure against flooding. Flood hazard maps contain information about the probability or magnitude of an event whereas flood risk maps contain additional information about the consequences. Flood insurance is one of the effective ways in order to cope with the aftermaths of flood events. The Indian government acknowledges the problems the country faces because of the various natural disasters that occur. Consequently, various agencies have been instituted to evaluate the country’s exposure to disasters and to develop ways of mitigating or managing the impacts of the disasters.

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Schulz, Sabine F., and Ian Heigh. "Logistics performance management in action within a humanitarian organization." Management Research News 32, no. 11 (October 2, 2009): 1038–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170910998273.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to share the design and testing procedure of the “Development Indicator Tool” – a tool developed by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) to guide and monitor the continuous performance improvement of their (regional) logistics unit(s) on a daily basis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows a descriptive approach. It starts with a description of the situational background of the IFRC. In a second step, it briefly portrays the theoretical concepts of continuous improvement and of the Balanced Scorecard and highlights the extension of existing literature on performance measurement in general and humanitarian logistics in particular. Next the paper summarizes the objectives of the tool and describes the four development phases as well as the tool design including the dashboard and the selected indicators. It concludes with indications on key success factors, challenges met along the way, expected impact and the future perspective.FindingsThe process of designing and implementing (tools for) a performance measurement and management system can and should be kept simple. Important for the success of the process is the integration of key stakeholders throughout the entire process as well as the simplicity and user‐friendliness of tools and system.Practical implicationsThe provided insights are only a cut‐out of a solution developed for the specific context of one humanitarian organization. But by its simplicity it might encourage other organizations to start or improve their own performance management system.Originality/valueSince conceptual and empirical research on performance management systems in the context of humanitarian operations in general and disaster relief logistics in particular are still limited, design and testing of a concrete indicator tool might contribute to the further investigation of this topic. The paper aids this process.

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Stewart, Matthew, Bridget Grahmann, Ariel Fillmore, and L. Scott Benson. "Rural Community Disaster Preparedness and Risk Perception in Trujillo, Peru." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006380.

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AbstractIntroductionDisasters will continue to occur throughout the world and it is the responsibility of the government, health care systems, and communities to adequately prepare for potential catastrophic scenarios. Unfortunately, low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) are especially vulnerable following a disaster. By understanding disaster preparedness and risk perception, interventions can be developed to improve community preparedness and avoid unnecessary mortality and morbidity following a natural disaster.ProblemThe purpose of this study was to assess disaster preparedness and risk perception in communities surrounding Trujillo, Peru.MethodsAfter designing a novel disaster preparedness and risk perception survey based on guidelines from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC; Geneva, Switzerland), investigators performed a cross-sectional survey of potentially vulnerable communities surrounding Trujillo, Peru. Data were entered and analyzed utilizing the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap; Harvard Catalyst; Boston, Massachusetts USA) database.ResultsA total of 230 study participants were surveyed, composed of 37% males, 63% females, with ages ranging from 18-85 years old. Those surveyed who had previously experienced a disaster (41%) had a higher perception of future disaster occurrence and potential disaster impact on their community. Overall, the study participants consistently perceived that earthquakes and infection had the highest potential impact of all disasters. Twenty-six percent of participants had an emergency supply of food, 24% had an emergency water plan, 24% had a first aid kit at home, and only 20% of the study participants had an established family evacuation plan.ConclusionNatural and man-made disasters will remain a threat to the safety and health of communities in all parts of the world, especially within vulnerable communities in LMICs; however, little research has been done to identify disaster perception, vulnerability, and preparedness in LMIC communities. The current study established that selected communities near Trujillo, Peru recognize a high disaster impact from earthquakes and infection, but are not adequately prepared for potential future disasters. By identifying high-risk demographics, targeted public health interventions are needed to prepare vulnerable communities in the following areas: emergency food supplies, emergency water plan, medical supplies at home, and establishing evacuation plans.StewartM, GrahmannB, FillmoreA, BensonLS. Rural community disaster preparedness and risk perception in Trujillo, Peru. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):387–392.

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Journal articles on the topic 'International Federation of the Red Cross'

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