Journal articles on the topic 'International Express Company'

Loading efficiency of freighters plays an indispensable role for the service performance of international air express companies. This study examined the priorities of factors to affect freighter loading efficiency at Taoyuan International airport (TPE) with an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Unit load device (ULD) inventory control, load factor and load plan were ranked top 3 from 15 factors by practical experts. This study used the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate 26 flights of MD11 freighters operated by an international air express company at TPE. The results revealed that the performance ranges between the best and worst flights were obvious.

PT. Sinergi Ekspress Logistindo Pratama (SINEX Cargo) is a private company focused on shipping pharmaceutical goods, general cargo goods, city courier delivery. The company has been established since August 8, 2000, founded in Medan by Mr. Iskandar Zulkarnain, SE, AMP who has experience in the fields of Domestic, International Cargo and Courier Companies, the purpose of this research is to find out the History of Establishment and Procedures of Pt Sinergi Express. The research method used is Field Search research.

Loading operation efficiency at airports plays an indispensable role in international air express service performance. The authors comprehensively examined the priorities of factors that affect loading operation efficiency for air express services at Taoyuan International Airport in Taiwan. The reviewed results from surveying practical experts using a rank pair-wise comparison (RPC) revealed that load factor and load planning consistently ranked higher and more crucial among 15 elements regardless of flight properties. Long-haul services to the North American hub were most concerned with inventory control of unit load devices (ULDs). Regional feeder services attached importance to the ground operations workforce as well. Feeder services for cross-continental deliveries additionally focused on the arrangement of apron bays. The authors used the TOPSIS, i.e., technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutions, to evaluate flights by three freighter types. Considering that the studied company performed more consistently on the top crucial factors, the sub-criteria that belong to the negative subset and are affected by the external units played a dominant role in these evaluated flights.

Resumen: El Auto de la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona, sección 1ª, de 13 de diciembre de 2017 objeto de comentario estima el límite de la jurisdicción española por la sumisión expresa en favor de los tribunales de otro Estado en un contrato de suministro celebrado entre dos mercantiles. La Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona aprecia la derogatio fori con base en el artículo 22 ter párrafo cuarto LOPJ, pese a demandarse también a una sociedad domiciliada en España que no es firmante del contrato.Palabras clave: derogatio fori, sumisión expresa, competencia judicial internacional, materia con-tractual, declinatoria internacional, tribunales de terceros estados.Abstract: The Order of the Provincial Court of Barcelona, section 1, of December 13, 2017 object of comment estimates the limit of Spanish jurisdiction by express submission in favor of the courts of another State in a supply contract concluded between two merchants. The Provincial Court of Barcelona appreciates the derogatio fori based on article 22 ter fourth paragraph of the LOPJ, in spite of also de-manding a company domiciled in Spain that is not a signatory of the contract.Keywords: derogatio fori, express submission, international jurisdiction, contractual matters, ju-risdiction on a third country.

Based on the demand of sustainable environment, the construction company must seek for new concept to express a house with functionality, comfort, wisdom, security and particularity to attract the consumers during the process of current architectural design. With the documentary analysis and expert interviews, the indicators are planned. Moreover, Fuzzy Delphi is used to filter the indicators; Analytic Network Process (ANP) is used to compare the relative importance among the indicators. Both are used to find out the reasons that impact the construction company to choose green building materials; and offer references for the company to select the materials in the future. From the result of this study, the health and environmental protection are considered by the construction company with first priority, then getting international certification, sustainable development and quality of building materials. Selling is not the first consideration. It shows that the consciousness of sustainable development is acknowledged by all the management levels in the construction company.

In this article, the authors propose an analysis of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept together with an emphasis on the role it plays in the context of sustainable development. The article includes a synthesis of the various theoretical approaches to CSR, an overview of the development of CSR practices at a national and an international level, certain authors' for and against arguments are related to generalising these practices, trends regarding CSR practices at international level, as well as an analysis of the CSR practices in Romania. The research conclusions express the author's own points of view on the development of corporate social responsibility initiatives at company level and the related benefits thereof.

The Thirteenth Company Law Directive (“the Directive”) seeks to create a level playing field within the Community so as to allow EU companies to freely establish themselves in the EU through the acquisition of control over EU listed companies. In this context, the Directive prohibits the board of the target company from taking any action that could result in the frustration of the bid without express shareholder consent (the neutrality rule). Nevertheless, the Directive allows the board of the target company to seek a competitive bidder (a white knight) to ward off a public bid. The Directive requires Member States to provide for legislation on competing bids. The question may be raised whether the discretion left to Member States in this regard will not bring into jeopardy the objectives of the Directive. The answer to this question is complex, more particularly in the light of the opt-outs that are incorporated in the Directive. As the Directive does not provide for a comprehensive harmonization, the article discusses to what extent the powers of Member States and the freedom of EU companies in the field of takeover law are affected by primary Community law. Finally the authors look at the remedies which are available for shareholders or bidders suffering a prejudice as a result of a corporate decision (in particular with respect to a competing bid) that complies with the national rules on takeover bids but is contrary to the Directive or the EC Treaty.

Introduction. Since globalization leads to increased competition in the international market, it is important to evaluate the adaptation potential of enterprises in the context of entering foreign markets, which affects their performance and determines their readiness to cooperate with global supply chains, which will allow developing adaptation strategies that will ensure successful penetration into new markets. Evaluate of the adaptation potential will help identify these differences and take them into account when developing marketing strategies, production, and communications with customers in foreign markets. The purpose of the paper is to identify the problems of express evaluation of the adaptation potential of enterprises in the conditions of entering foreign markets and to develop ways to solve them. Results. The study of issues of express assessment of adaptation potential in conditions of entering foreign markets is extremely important and relevant, since the company must be adapted to new conditions, cultural features and many other factors. During the research, problems that need to be solved were identified, namely: the variability of the list of indicators and criteria for the express assessment of adaptation potential in the conditions of entering foreign markets; non-systematic and fragmented nature of the process of forming an information base for express assessment of adaptation potential in the conditions of entering foreign markets. The results of the conducted research are recommended ways of solving the identified problems, in particular: formation and implementation of a balanced system of express assessment of the adaptation potential of enterprises in terms of entering foreign markets; development and implementation of a mechanism for the formation of an information base for the express evaluation of the adaptation potential of enterprises in the conditions of entering foreign markets. Conclusion. In modern conditions, successful adaptation is critically important for achieving competitive advantages and stable functioning on the market. On the basis of an express evaluation of the adaptation potential, the readiness of the enterprise for changes in the internal and external environment, the ability to adapt to the transformations of the international market and remain competitive and stable is formed.

The case describes the journey of TCS as it became Pakistan’s leading logistics service provider. It highlights how and when TCS acquired different logistics and other value-adding capabilities and how these capabilities, in turn, complimented the diverse logistics services that TCS offered to a wide variety of businesses. TCS had been offering a top-notch Express and Logistics service around Pakistan for 30 years. TCS started as a company providing secure distribution of letters and packages. Customers perceived TCS as a shipping solution provider for all their goods transportation needs which included parcels, documents, E-commerce products and even their groceries. Table 1 of the case study highlights that TCS had taken up some unique and new initiatives. TCS handled four main clientele areas: Corporate, Consumer, International and E-commerce. For consumer wing, TCS oversaw bookings of documents and parcels at the express centres, door-to-door containerized shipments, domestic and international air ticketing, visa application drop box facility for various countries and financial services in the form of insurance plans. On the corporate side, TCS provided warehousing and distribution, digital printing and bulk mail solutions. International and e-commerce both catered consumer and corporate segments. Over the last decade, TCS had established a warehousing and distribution wing and a mail management and printing facility. Other ventures and services that TCS offered were Visatronix, Hazir, Home Movers, E-COM, TCS Aviation, Mail Management System, Warehouse and Distribution, Intiana, Sentiments express and Octra. The case focusses on the decision of whether or not to run an ambitious new logistics service, that is, Hazir SubKuch (HSK), meant to deliver anything non-prohibited that a customer wanted, on a crowdsourcing model. In the proposed crowdsourcing model, after training and evaluation, anyone could assume the role of a customer service provider by connecting to the system remotely. Similarly, pickup and delivery jobs could be performed under an Uber-like model by anyone who owned a ride and had smartphone connectivity. The service was a brainchild of the new CEO, hired by the founder and chairman as part of the new management team to bring a fresh dynamism in the company.

Title Aramex PJSC: carving a competitive advantage in the global logistics and express transportation service industry. Subject area Entrepreneurship, International Business, Strategy. Study level/applicability Post-graduates, Practitioners. Case overview This case chronicles the Aramex PJSC story of entrepreneur Fadi Gandhour. The case looks at the new start-up, its growth and financing plans for expansion and how it got a competitive advantage in an industry dominated by big players. Aramex, as of 2012, was the only Arab company to have successfully listed on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange. After 30 years at the helm of the company, Fadi Ghandour, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), was stepping down and was being succeeded by regional head, Hussein Hachem, the CEO of Middle East and Africa. Aramex had a competitive edge in emerging markets, and Fadi and Hussein knew that the route to sustainable growth was to capitalize on this opportunity using organic growth, acquisitions and strategic alliances. Expected learning outcomes Strategy included looking at gaining a competitive advantage in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia and other emerging markets. Lessons are provided on capitalization of opportunity, funding and creating an organization culture that is sustainable and reflects the Founder's ideal. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

This paper considers strategic alliances as a means of obtaining advantage in the globalized logistics scenario. Through a particular case study of partnership and strategic alliance between national companies (Rapidão Cometa, Expresso Araçatuba and Transportadora Americana) and an international one (FedEx Express), one may comprehend the impact on Rapidão Cometa, in as much as the increase in market share within the logistics market, as well as the subsequent consolidation before major national logistics operators, is concerned.Logistics - a field that holds a strategic function - supports the efficient management of the flow of materials / products, information and resources, both within the company and between the different organizations that participate in the entire value creation cycle.In Brazil, the perception of logistics as an integrating process and as a strategic tool came to light as of the 90´s, a decade mile stoned by rampant growth of international trade, by economic stabilization and by the privatization of infrastructure (Fleury, 2000).The environment in which companies currently operate is very complex and highly competitive. Therefore, they are seeking differentiation and the setting of competitive advantages over competitors. To achieve these goals, each tries to find its own path, however, amongst many a point in common might be perceived: the choice to apply logistics. (Ferraes Neto, 2001).

With the continuous development of China’s private express delivery, how to improve the service quality and enable private express delivery company to gain a place in the fiercely competitive market has become a major issue faced by the manager. Therefore, we introduce the system dynamics method into the field of service quality evaluation to study the service quality of China’s private express delivery. Through system dynamics modeling, we discover the sensitive factors that affect the service quality of China's private express delivery, namely logistics information technology, staff training, and organization and management capability. According to the results of the sensitivity analysis, policy experiments are conducted to obtain the optimal resource allocation plan. The results show that, if the new investment is regarded as 100%, then the resource allocation plan corresponding to each subsystem is: 37.2% of the new investment should be allocated to the logistics information technology subsystem.

Resumen: En la presente disertación, al hilo del Auto nº 128/2019 de 8 de mayo de 2019, se analizarán los motivos que llevaron a una sociedad española (parte contratada), por una empresa costa­rricense (parte contratante), a demandar a esta última y a su empresa matriz española –por un supuesto incumplimiento de contrato de suministro– ante los Tribunales españoles, utilizando el foro general del domicilio del demandado del articulo 4 del Reglamento (UE) n ° 1215/2012. La parte demandante, fun­damentó dicha decisión en la aplicación de la doctrina del “levantamiento de velo”. No obstante –como se podrá comprobar a lo largo de la presente–, fue la parte actora quien pretendió eludir, al amparo de dicha figura doctrinal, una cláusula de sumisión expresa a los Tribunales de Costa Rica.Palabras clave: legitimación, cláusula de sumisión, declinatoria internacional, “Levantamiento del velo”.Abstract: In this dissertation, in line with Order Nº 128/2019 of 8 May 2019, the reasons that brought a Spanish company (contracted party), by a Costa Rican company (contracting party), to bring a lawsuit against the latter and its Spanish holding company –for an assumed non-compliance with a pro­vision contract– in the Spanish courts, using the general forum of the defendant’s domicile in accordance with Article 4 of Regulation (EU) Nº 1215/2012. The claimant based that decision on the application of the “lifting of the veil” doctrine. However –as can be seen throughout this document–, it was the claimant who attempted to avoid, on the basis of that doctrinal figure, an express submission clause to the courts of Costa Rica.Keywords: legitimation, submission clause, international declinatory, “Lifting of the veil”

One consequence of market globalization has been the growing incidence of collaborative ventures among companies from different countries. Small and large, experienced and novice, companies increasingly are choosing partnerships as a way to compete in the global marketplace. Motives for international collaborative ventures are varied and complex, including a desire to leverage resources and assets, retain flexibility, reduce risks, gain speed, and capitalize on each partner's strengths. The systematic framework presented here can be used by managers as a practical, ten-step approach to establishing successful collaborative ventures. The article also discusses four major types of international business partnership—distributor agreements, licensing, franchising, and joint ventures, and highlights key success factors for each. A major player in express package delivery, United Parcel Service (UPS) has been actively globalizing its operations for more than 20 years. The company first entered Canada and Germany and then other markets without a strategic plan or much commitment. The approach was simply enter markets one by one, set up operations, and wait for the market to develop. When available, UPS acquired an existing delivery company in order to get established more quickly. In exploring entry into Japan, UPS encountered a significant challenge. While UPS is competent in distribution and logistic networking, it knew little about the Japanese market and quickly realized that it needed a partner with customs clearance expertise. In a market well known for nontariff trade barriers, UPS also required assistance in deciphering the complex legal, structural, and political environment. A local partner would provide specific market expertise and help UPS overcome entry barriers. Furthermore, with a legacy of losing money in overseas operations, UPS did not wish to risk much capital in Japan. For these reasons, partnering with a qualified Japanese company made most sense. Yamato of Japan emerged as a prospective partner. It was experienced, had access to distribution channels, and was well capitalized. Interestingly, when UPS began negotiations, it inquired whether Yamato would be interested in a purchase. Yamato management asked the selling price of UPS—not exactly what UPS had in mind! As it turned out, there was a good fit and sufficient rationale for the two companies to establish a strategic alliance. UPS realized that a partnership with Yamato could not be a one-way street and arranged to bring packages back to the United States for delivery from Yamato. This opened up the market in both directions for each company. Teams of employees were exchanged to learn about organization and business processes, which provided valuable experience in making each company a truly global player.

Brand awareness and brand image are essential for the business world because they can attract and make customers want to buy and use products or services owned by a company in maintaining and increasing customer loyalty. This research was conducted at Limited Company (Perseroan Terbatas/PT) of Anta Express Tour & Travel Service Branch Office Bali (Antavaya Bali), with the problems that occur, namely the price of flight tickets which are increasingly expensive during the pandemic to endemic. Still, the interest in traveling by plane is very high. This study aims to analyze the effect of brand awareness and brand image on customer loyalty at Antavaya Bali, which is analyzed using the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS), the type of data needed by researchers using quantitative data types. The sample used in this study was customers who purchased domestic and international flight tickets at Antavaya Bali, with questionnaires distributed to 397 respondents who were the research sample at Antavaya Bali. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach. The results of this study indicate that brand awareness and brand image simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty at Antavaya Bali.

The growth of electronic transactions in Indonesia has grown tremendously since the start of the government program of the Non-Cash National Movement (GNNT) by Bank Indonesia since 2014. It is expected that the use of cash will be replaced by electronic transactions (cashless) using ATM cards, debit cards, credit cards, electronic cards. Electronic transactions must be reliable and secure, this is what drives 5 international payment networks such as American Express, Discover, JCB, Mastercard and Visa create a data security standard to secure cardholder data PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard). PCI DSS has always evolved to always keep cardholder data secure for transaction and now PCI DSS has released PCI DSS version 3.2 in April 2016. Employees need to connect to internal private networks or corporation’s network over the Internet from home or public areas such as hotels, airports, cafe mall etc. Security becomes a major consideration when access to internal networks or corporation’s network from insecure network. In this case study, one company with head office located in Jakarta, Indonesia with team development located in Seoul, South Korea. Also see the connection between convenience and security when implementing remote access in accordance with PCI DSS requirements.

Subject area Marketing; customer segmentation; operations and logistics. Study level/applicability Undergraduate business and management students, MBA/MA level application for international marketing modules incorporating customer segmentation and customer asset management. Case overview DHL, the international air express and logistics company, serves a wide range of customers, from global enterprises with sophisticated and high volume supply-chain solutions shipping anything from spare parts to documents, to the occasional customer who ships the odd one or two documents a year. To be able to effectively manage such a diverse customer base, DHL implemented a sophisticated customer segmentation cum loyalty management system. The focus of this system is to assess the profitability from its customers, reduce customer churn, and increase DHL's share of shipments. Expected learning outcomes Case teaching objectives: to demonstrate the concept of customer segmentation with loyalty management as a total system in a logistics company setting, and to evaluate appropriateness of the classification; to utilize the concept of service tier model within the company's current operations, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the model; to analyze the implementation of the customer segmentation cum loyalty management system and development of the necessary rules required to classify the various accounts into categories; to highlight the possible challenges arising from the implementation of customer segmentation cum loyalty management system, and to discuss possible methods of resolution. Supplementary materials Teaching note.

Resumen: Desde la perspectiva del proceso civil internacional no cabe duda que el interés básico de las partes es la previsibilidad. Ello se traduce en la necesidad de conocer de antemano, si surgieran las diferencias, ante qué jurisdicción sería preciso hacer valer los derechos. El Reglamento (UE) 1215/2012 parte de una organización estructurada de la competencia judicial internacional, distinguiéndose entre foros exclusivos, sumisión tácita o expresa, el foro del domicilio del demandado, los foros especiales por razón de la materia y los foros de protección. Esta estructura supone una asignación jerarquizada de la competencia judicial internacional entre los distintos Estados miembros. De esta suerte que, prima facie deben conocer los tribunales que vean asignada su competencia con alcance exclusivo y fuera de estos supuestos, los tribunales pueden entrar a conocer a través de acuerdos atributivos de competencia, bien tácita o expresa, o, en su defecto coincidan, bien con el lugar del domicilio del demandado, bien con alguno de los foros especiales por razón de la materia. En el presente estudio se examina un elenco determinado de foros de competencia judicial internacional que se derivan de un contrato de compraventa online de pasaje aéreo internacional con la compañía Ryanair a raíz del novedoso, y porque no decirlo, inaudito pronunciamiento del Tribunal de Luxemburgo de 11 de abril de 2019, asunto ZX.Palabras clave: determinación de órgano jurisdiccional competente, prórroga tácita de competencia, explotación de sucursal, consumidor electrónico, indemnización por retraso aéreo.Abstract: From the perspective of the international civil process, there is no doubt that the basic interest of the parties is predictability. This translates into the need to know beforehand, if differences arise, before which jurisdiction it would be necessary to assert rights. The Regulation (EU) 1215/2012 starts from a structured organization of the international judicial competence, distinguishing between exclusive forums, tacit or express submission, the forum of the domicile of the defendant, the special fórums by reason of the matter and the forums of protection. This structure assumes a hierarchical allocation of international judicial competence between the different Member States. In this way, prima facie should know the courts that are assigned their competence with exclusive scope and outside these cases, the courts can come to know through agreements attributing jurisdiction, either tacit or express, or, failing that match , either with the place of domicile of the defendant, or with any of the special fórums for reason of the matter. The present study examines a specific list of forums of international judicial competence that derive from an online purchase contract for international air tickets with the Ryanair company as a result of the novel and, why not, unprecedented pronouncement by the Luxembourg Court of 11 April 2019, subject ZX.Keywords: determination of competent jurisdictional body, unspoken extension of competence, branch operation, electronic consumer, compensation for air delay.

This article highlights that by using a standard that enables complete product model data to be transmitted digitally, a company can build open systems to make information available on many platforms throughout its operations. The world of CAD/CAM has viewed the International Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES) as its translation standard for years, using the system to move two-dimensional models from one program to another. While IGES does, in fact, do a good job of transmitting basic geometry, another translator—the Standard for the Exchange of Product Data (STEP) —has been gaining on IGES in popularity. STEP goes considerably further than just transmitting geometry; it provides users with the ability to express and exchange digitally useful product information throughout a product's life cycle, including design, analysis, manufacturing, and support. In short, IGES transmits two-dimensional drawings, while STEP transmits complete product models. The updated schema, consisting of an ASCII file written in EXPRESS, is simply run through a utility that merges the extensions that have been added by Unigraphics with the standard ST-Developer libraries. Updating the translator to incorporate an upgraded version of the libraries is just as easy.

The paper provides a multiple-experts Fuzzy-TOPSIS decision-making model for the selection among maintenance contractors based on the quality of tendering documents. The study introduces a set of selection criteria utilizing benefit and cost criteria from literature. The proposed model aggregates subjective linguistic assessments of multiple experts that express their opinions on the degree of importance of criteria and allows multiple decisionmakers to evaluate the compliance of contractors’ documents. For a case study, the model is applied to select among contractors tendering to maintain the heavy-duty cranes of an international steel company from literature. Several decision-making scenarios are investigated, and major changes in the final decision are observed. The changes in obtained results illustrate the need to better address uncertainties in rating and tendering an overqualified contractor at a higher cost.

Purpose The purpose of this study to establish what demographic characteristics (gender, generations and organisational tenure) play a role in employee perceptions of organisational culture, commitment and identification in Russian public organisations. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected electronically from 248 employees of two public organisations. Three questionnaires were used. Findings Organisational tenure plays a central role in the way how employees perceive organisational culture; tenure also shapes the levels of both commitment and identification. The specific finding of Russian settings is that the longer employees work for a company, the lower the levels of psychological attachments they demonstrate, while it is not the case for some existing international results. The other findings correspond with those in international studies, in which women were more psychologically attached to the organisation and showed a higher level of identification and lower rates of negative forms of this concept than men did. The older the employees are, the higher the level of identification they express. Practical implications Managers working in Russian settings can struggle with engaging and retaining employees. Understanding the demographic effects can help alleviate these challenges. Originality/value Based on empirical findings, this paper contributes to the literature on organisational socialisation by providing evidence of the damaging effects of the length of organisational tenure on psychological attachment to the company (in the form of commitment and identification). Additionally, tenure is the shaping factor of employee perception of organisational culture.

Purpose —Prominent at the intersections of national educational agencies, higher education, and international educational performance assessments are two reform standards: “benchmarks” determining optimal student performance, and “empirical evidence” for determining the quality of reform practices. These two notions are often taken as connecting policy and research to effective changes in many countries. The article examines the historical and cultural principles about educational change and its sciences embedded in these standards through examining OECD's PISA and the McKinsey & Company reports that draw on PISA's data. Findings/Originality/Value —First, the reports express salvation themes associated with modernity; that is, the promise of a better future through governing the present. The promise is to provide nations with data and models to achieve social equality, economic prosperity, and a participatory democracy. Second, the promise of the future is not descriptive of some present reality but to fabricate the universal characteristics about society and individuals. The numbers embody social and psychological categories about a desired unity of all students. Third, the “empirical evidence” of the international assessment entails a particular notion of science and “evidence”; one that paradoxically uses the universals in comparing and creating divisions.

Through this research, the researcher seeks to use the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS13) fair value accounting on the financial assets of the merged companies before and after the merger, and then demonstrate its use on the financial assets before and after the merger, applied research in the International Islamic Bank (joint stock company) i.e. merger The International Islamic Bank with the First Capital Islamic Bank). To find out the use of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS13) fair value accounting for financial assets, the detailed financial statements of the merged companies represented by the International Islamic Bank (a joint stock company) were used. The problem of the research was the existence of the phenomenon of inflation, which led to a reconsideration of the use of the historical cost method and the search for an accounting alternative for measurement that reflects the price changes realistically for the different market conditions, which generated the need for the merged companies to use an alternative to the historical cost basis based on the International Financial Reporting Standard for fair value ( IFSR13) as a value that reflects the values of the market elements at the time of preparing the financial statements that meet the needs of the many parties used for this data. The importance of the research using fair value accounting in the accounting application and the extent to which the community of the merging companies and their dealers of investors, auditors and clients benefit from the activities of the merging companies. Through this study, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is the use of the international standard (IFSR13) fair value accounting for the merged companies, which leads to the preparation of financial statements that honestly and fairly express the result of the activity and the different results of the financial position, which is reflected in rational decision-making, and the increase in the amount of financial assets as a result Merger and the use of criterion measurements by measuring financial assets based on the declared prices in the market, and the researcher recommends to the management of the merging companies in Iraq to use the standard (IFSR13) in order to provide appropriate information for users of the financial statements for the purpose of making economic decisions that reflect the economic reality.

To gain a social license to operate and grow, companies should have effective community engagement activities, social impact assessment processes, environmental and social impact management procedures, and human rights-compatible grievance redress mechanisms in place. In this way, environmental impacts and social impacts would likely be identified and addressed before issues escalate and social risk amplifies. Companies also need to treat communities with respect and be mindful of local culture. Where these things are not done, there will be no social license to operate. Protests are mechanisms by which affected communities express their concerns and signal there is no social license. As argued in our previous work on conceptualizing social protests, protests are warning signs, as well as opportunities for companies to improve. Rather than let protest actions escalate, leading to violent confrontation and considerable cost and harm, companies should engage in meaningful dialogue with protesters. Unfortunately, company response is often inadequate or inappropriate. In this paper, we identify around 175 actions companies might take in relation to community protest, and we discuss how these actions variously have the potential to escalate or de-escalate conflict, depending on whether the company engages in appropriate and genuine interaction with protesters or if repressive measures are used. While effective engagement will likely de-escalate conflict, ignoring or repressing protests tends to provoke stronger reactions from groups seeking to have their concerns heard. When companies address community concerns early, their social license to operate is enhanced. We also outline the primary international standards companies are expected to comply with, and we identify the key environmental, social, and governance issues (ESG principles) that should be respected.

High technology innovators and investors operating in the life sciences, clean energy, and information and communication technology (ICT) sectors face complex economic and legal uncertainties compounded by regulatory and policy risks during the course of guiding an innovative concept from its research and development through product testing and commercialization stages that will be indicative and determinative of economic value assigned to said technology in a given domestic or foreign marketplace. This assessment of value is directly dependent on local jurisdictions maintaining established rules of law and related standards that recognize and robustly enforce exclusive intellectual property rights without disruptive or excessive limitations and/or restrictions. An increasing number of developing countries aspire to become twenty-first century knowledge economies by seeking to recharacterize international law in a manner that enables the conversion of high technology patents and trade secrets fromprivate to public goods. These countries have promoted the establishment of regimes to achieve this objective, principally compulsory licensing and interoperability frameworks that express or compel government procurement preferences for nonproprietary and/or royalty-free patented technologies emplaced within regional, national, and/or international technology standards. Beyond recourse to public international law remedies, companies and investors may also take private initiatives to mitigate the inherent regulatory and policy risks on company financial performance. Such initiatives include internal structural vigilance, wide external diligence, and carefully crafted communications with individuals and organizations, both public and private. This effort is predicated upon astute monitoring and analysis of relevant events in international and national fora discussing these issues.

The article reveals the methodology of the audit at motor transport enterprises of Ukraine. One of the most important parts of the development of Ukraine’s productive forces is the transport industry, which provides production and circulation processes, transporting manufactured products to the month of its sale and consumption, as well as providing passenger transportation services. Today, almost every company, regardless of its economic activity, owns its own vehicles. But for trucking companies, cars are the main means of providing services. That is why the issue of effective use of motorsports, which is impossible without a quality audit, is quite relevant. Methods of auditing fixed assets at motor transport enterprises of Ukraine, as well as at other types of enterprises, defined by International Standards on Auditing. In accordance with ISA 200 «Purpose and Basic Principles of Auditing Financial Statements», the purpose of an audit of property, plant and equipment is for the auditor to express an independent professional opinion on the correctness of the entity’s financial statements. The article considers the main tasks of the audit of fixed assets in motor transport enterprises, as well as the main procedures used in the audit of fixed assets. The paper proves the importance and necessity of auditing the accounting of fixed assets at motor transport enterprises, because the effectiveness of their use affects the cost of motor transport services and as a consequence on the financial results of transport enterprises of Ukraine. The article also presents a test of internal control of fixed assets at the trucking company, which should be carried out at the preparatory stage of the audit of fixed assets and provide the auditor with the necessary information to develop an optimal audit program, taking into account the activities of the trucking company. In addition, the article provides samples of working documents of the auditor during the inspection of fixed assets at the trucking company.

The government has been doing a lot of efforts to help SMEs capitalisation, various schemes of credit and funding for SMEs were launched as KUR, PMT, Gapoktan, etc. In the middle of 2015, KUR could be just absorbed although the conditions have softened. This is because SMEs are unique, that is feasible but not bankable. In addition, the funding only limited on distributing capital, in fact the SMEs problems not only in the capital, but concerning the expertise in marketing, financing, and managing the company. It need deep research about how to formulate funding schemes that is considered attractive by the SMEs. This research used qualitative method with the interpretive paradigm fenomology approach, case study in PT Jepara Express International (furniture supplier). This research was conducted through interview, observation and documentation by using data analysis technique, Milles and Hubberman method. Credibility of data was tested by using triangulation techniques, data sources, and time. From research methods, SMEs furniture in Jepara intrepreting that funding considered attractive if using partnership type with cluster and profit-sharing systems are becoming solution for SMEs furniture’s funding distribution program. In addition, certain entities formed to become alternative distribution funding schemes. Through this entities, SMEs furniture in Jepara could access and also got assisstance in marketing, financing and managing the company. Finnally, SMEs furniture could increase its performance through assisstance program. In the future needs further research about appropriate entities to represent the SMEs needed in financing and assisstance

The performance means the behavior and the resultant measured based on certain activities and duties. Enterprises performance could be measured thanks to indicators that express the quality of its activities. While, for individuals and groups, it is hard to identify the link between their performance and that of the company. Performance evaluation is an instrument through which the employees within the organization can reflect, discuss and change their work method that influences the organizational effectiveness. The focus of this paper is to argue that effective performance, feedback, and employee training are necessary for the success of an organization, and at the same time the development plan to support the employees in achieving the best possible results is necessary too. The employees’ training in Kosovo’s enterprises is closely related to the organization, and the planning of employees in a way to so they are prepared at a national level and the attempt to exchange employees and train them in international level. This would affect the effective performance and cultures exchanged.

ABSTRACTThe concept of a market provider of room rentals or residential units using online networking information technology systems to increase the hotel revenue & also effective strategy to comfit offline strategy in the hotel industry. It is still unclear whether the implementation of e-commerce are work in all hotel strategy in the develop hotel revenue in the hotel industry. The purpose of this study is to analyze the fenomena average rooms rate (ARR) in Holiday Inn Express Bali which using standard operation procedure worldwide, International Hotel Group (IHG) which compare than other country still low especially in Asia Pacific area while location wise and company strategy is part of the factor issues & also price war happen in Bali market which need government policies in addressing the development of the hotel industry. This research used qualitative method that is constructive with literature review and documentation as the premier data source. The results of the study cover the advantages and disadvantages of the existence of online market places for Holiday Inn Express in Bali especially and in the hotel industry generally. This research of e-commerce is contributes to the hotel industry to generate & develop the revenue. To maximize the online source in generate revenue the hotel strategy need to hire special person incharge to taking care the tasking of online market needs to bush the hotel occupancy and also yielding with average room rate, while standardization of the quality of rooms or residences are also the important leased needs to be done to ensure the quality of the products and services offer as well, especially in online market place. Further studies can be conducted to analyze the sales & marketing strategy using e-commerce (online travel agents) which hotel should always pro active to make special offer to genereate last minute booking base on occupancy daily facing & at least one or two week before promotion progress and also advance purchace strategy like minimum 6 months booking costumer will get special rate, rooms inventory monitor and maintain good communication with maintain relationship by consider their production ( like review top 10 production in a month) will feel the appreciation from all online agents partner are the best strategy to achieve company expectation.

A majority of fishermen in the coastal areas of Bumi Seribu Nyiur Melambai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, are migrants from other islands of Indonesia. This paper presents results from a research of the fisherman community. Most of the fisherman came from lower-middle-class families. Both lower-and lower-middle-class fisherman have access to the development program, aids and others resources delivered by government and international corporate. This paper describes how most fisherman see and believe that Bumi Seribu Nyiur Melambai is an area of battle for many actors to upscale their economic and social mobility through accumulation of wealth and social status. Many fishermen express the ambiguity, uncertainty, and marginality of their social-economic status. The marginal status is caused by (i) Long Story of Unequal Social Structure; (ii) elite capture of programs and aids (iii) uncertainty and the loss of fishing area due to the presence of the company; (iv) Their technology are not able to resist the change of seasons. Data in this research are collected by qualitative and quantitative method, such as a participatory observation, in-depth interview, FGD, and survey.

A majority of fishermen in the coastal areas of Bumi Seribu Nyiur Melambai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, are migrants from other islands of Indonesia. This paper presents results from a research of the fisherman community. Most of the fisherman came from lower-middle-class families. Both lower-and lower-middle-class fisherman have access to the development program, aids and others resources delivered by government and international corporate. This paper describes how most fisherman see and believe that Bumi Seribu Nyiur Melambai is an area of battle for many actors to upscale their economic and social mobility through accumulation of wealth and social status. Many fishermen express the ambiguity, uncertainty, and marginality of their social-economic status. The marginal status is caused by (i) Long Story of Unequal Social Structure; (ii) elite capture of programs and aids (iii) uncertainty and the loss of fishing area due to the presence of the company; (iv) Their technology are not able to resist the change of seasons. Data in this research are collected by qualitative and quantitative method, such as a participatory observation, in-depth interview, FGD, and survey.

The company always tries to improve competitiveness by improving company performance. Using upgraded digital technology makes it easier for internal and external companies to determine business strategies quickly and precisely. This study surveyed expedition companies in East Java, as many as 104 companies with the criteria of having a transportation fleet. Data collection using questionnaires and dissemination in collaboration with the Association of Express Delivery Service Companies, Post and Logistics Indonesia (ASPERINDO). Research respondents consist of employees or unit leaders who are competent in the substance of the survey. Data analysis uses the partial least square (PLS) method. The results showed that digital technology positively and significantly impacts supply chain collaboration, inventory management, and supply chain resilience. The company's ability to build supply chain collaboration impacts improving inventory management optimization, supply chain resilience, and supply chain performance. Furthermore, inventory management with the ability to control inventory well and on-time delivery does not impact supply chain resilience. However, good inventory management has a positive impact on supply chain performance. Likewise, shipping companies, by increasing supply chain resilience, have an impact on supply chain performance. The results of this study contribute to the theory of supply chain management and resource-based view. The practical contribution enlightens the middle and top management on the importance of digital technology with the suitability of investment and benefits obtained in improving supply chain performance.

Domino's Pizza is testing “Domicopter” drones to deliver pizzas, which will compete with Taco Bell's “Tacocopter” drones. Not to be outdone, Amazon is working on an army of delivery drones that will cut out the postal service. In Denmark, farmers use drones to inspect fields for the appearance of harmful weeds, which reduces herbicide use as the drones directly apply pesticides only where it is needed. Environmentalists send drones into glacial caves or into deep waters, gathering data that would be too dangerous or expensive for human scientists to procure. Federal Express dreams of pilotless aerial and terrestrial drones that will transport goods more cheaply, reliably, and safely than vehicles operated by humans. Human rights activists deploy drones over conflict zones, intelligently searching for and documenting abuses for both rhetorical and legal purposes. Aid agencies send unmanned drones to villages deep in jungles or behind enemy lines, maneuvering hazardous terrain to bring food and supplies to endangered populations. Medical researchers are experimenting with injecting drone blood cells into humans that can mimic good cholesterol carriers or identify and neutralize cancerous cells. Parents in Vermont are using flying drones to accompany children to school, giving a whole new meaning to helicopter parenting. And Pilobolus, a New York dance company, has choreographed a dance in which drones and humans engage each other in the most human of acts: the creation of art.

Relevance. The authors have established that the microbiological and local risk factors prevail in changing the clinical condition of the periodontium. Aim – сlinical and diagnosis argumentation of the gingival tissue condition according to the criteria of the New International Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions and Proceedings of the 2017 World Workshop jointly held together by the American Association of Periodontology (AAP) and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP).Materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory assessment of 105 young patients was conducted. Three patient groups were formed according to the detected risk factor and according to the data of the New International Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions. The main group consisted of 70 (66.6%) patients with diagnosed chronic plaque-induced gingivitis (33.3%) and initial periodontitis (33.3%) (mild chronic periodontitis). The control group comprised 35 patients with clinically healthy gingiva on an intact periodontium (71.1%) and reduced periodontium (22.9%). Periodontal pathogens as a risk factor were assessed by PCR using DNA-express commercial sets (Liteh, LLC, scientific manufacturing company, Russia). Cytology of the gingival crevicular fluid impression smears stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method was performed.Results. Changes in the hygiene and periodontal indices were revealed on full dental examination. PCR detected low or critical number of periodontal pathogens in the studied samples. Neutrophilic leukocytes, histiocytes and epithelial cells were present in the impression smears, polymorphonyclear neutrophils significantly increased and macrophages, histiocytes, epithelial cells appeared; macrophages decreased.Conclusion. Full dental examination and laboratory tests revealed the following clinical conditions: clinically healthy gingiva on an intact periodontium, clinically healthy gingiva on a reduced periodontium, plaque-induced gingivitis, stage I periodontitis – initial periodontitis, which corresponded to the New International Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions and Proceedings of the 2017 World Workshop held by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP).

‘The Holy See cannot be cooperating with a practice that is clearly harming the health of people’. This is the reason behind Pope Francis banning the sale of tobacco products inside the Vatican in January 2018. Just outside the Holy See, in Italy, cigarette sales produce around €13 billion of fiscal revenues every year. In Italy, proposals to increase tobacco taxation are systematically rejected and new tobacco company plants have been officially inaugurated in recent years by representatives of State. The national branch of the Red Cross also shows ambivalent attitudes towards the tobacco industry, from which it has accepted significant funding in disregard of the recommendations of the International Federation of Red Cross. Against this backdrop, it is wishful thinking to imagine that tobacco sales and consumption in Italy will be substantially reduced in the near future. To counteract this situation, more than 30 Italian scientific associations/organisations launched a Manifesto, so far ignored by public authorities, indicating a set of measures whose gradual implementation at country level may lead to a tobacco endgame within the next few decades. Authors of this article would like to express their support for Pope Francis’ enlightened decision and plead with politicians worldwide to follow his example, thus acting more decisively against tobacco.

The article presents the results of a study on the importance of increasing the level of employee loyalty to the company and its evaluation. The influence of loyal employees on the development of the organization is briefly presented, in particular, it is emphasized that loyal employees who give positive feedback about their work in the organization, thereby ensure increasing labour productivity, improving the company’s image, expand the client base, improving financial results, etc. The essence of the indicator of pure loyalty of employees, namely eNPS (Employee Net Promoter Score), the main purpose of which is to determine the level of employee engagement or satisfaction. Today, it is actively used by Apple, Sony, Philips, Procter&Gamble, American Express, Microsoft, and other international companies. The eNPS calculation method is simple, effective, and does not require any costs, as it is carried out with the help of an online survey, asking employees only one key question “how likely are you to recommend X company as a “workplace” to your friends and acquaintances?”, and three supporting. At the same time, three groups of employees are distinguished: promoters, passive and dissatisfied, based on their share in percentage terms, not only the level of staff loyalty is determined, but also further methods of working with each of the groups are formed to improve the situation in the team, at the workplace, in the field of professional growth employee competencies, etc. For a visual representation of the eNPS calculation, a survey of employees of the domestic SPETSODIAH LLC was conducted to determine the level of their loyalty to the company. Studies have shown that the eNPS for the organization is 62 %, i. e., the level of employee loyalty is higher than the normative value, which indicates a high level of satisfaction with job, a positive attitude towards the organization, and a willingness to recommend SPETSODIAH LLC to their friends as a potential place of work. The key principle of conducting a survey to determine the level of staff loyalty is regularity, time frame and validity of the survey, anonymity, openness, and implementation of changes.

The combination of the Internet and foreign trade has promoted the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, and cross-border e-commerce logistics has risen due to the development of cross-border e-commerce. However, the costs incurred by enterprises in the operation of intermediate logistics links have remained high for many years. Considering the cross-border electricity export logistics mode selection, the author of this paper tackles the main existing problems, using literature study, field survey method, case analysis and the collaborative filtering method of major consumer goods export logistics mode, and the advantages and disadvantages in the enterprise’ internal and external environmental analysis and evaluation, and puts forward a scientific logistics coordination mechanism and new export logistics mode. Firstly, the development background of cross-border e-commerce logistics is sorted out, and the research content, research method, and research framework are proposed based on the theoretical research of relevant scholars. Secondly, several logistics modes of cross-border e-commerce export are summarized, including international postal parcel, international express, international special line, etc., and the indicator system of logistics mode selection is determined through comparative analysis of application scope and advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, a logistics selection model based on collaborative filtering algorithm is constructed, and the model is verified by a practical case of a specific export cross-border e-commerce company. Finally, the research conclusions and application strategies of this paper are proposed, so as to provide the most appropriate logistics mode and guarantee suggestions for cross-border e-commerce enterprises and provide ideas and methods for cross-border e-commerce enterprises to choose international logistics mode for different types of import and export goods. The significance of this study was aimed at the current cross-border electricity development mainly by restricting factors, planning the most suitable for the development of China’s cross-border electronic business logistics mode, to some extent, and it has enriched the cross-border electricity business related research in the field of logistics, to inspire transformation of foreign trade enterprises, so as to better promote the cross-border electricity business healthy and orderly development and export logistics mode optimization selection.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyse the views stock market actors have on corporate communication of corporate social responsibility (CSR) information grounded on legitimacy and stakeholder theory. Recent findings suggest that management teams experience an increased interest and demand for CSR information from the actors on the stock market and that this underlie a focus shift. This is quite astonishing considering that the interest from just stock market actors in CSR information always has been meagre. However, due to lack of recent studies, it has not been confirmed that de facto there has been a trend shift among stock market actors towards an increased interest in CSR information. Design/methodology/approach – The data are derived from in-depth semi-structured interviews with financial analysts at international investment banks. Findings – The study confirms that the focus shift is not at all driven by the actors in the stock market. Quite the opposite. They express mistrust towards this information and a continued meagre interest in it. Research limitations/implications – Findings from the study suggest the need for more research on how different stakeholders view CSR information. It also opens up for discussions on regulations concerning CSR information. Practical implications – The findings imply that management teams might have deluded themselves and become victim to what Christensen and Cheney (2000) refer to as self-seduces, i.e. seeing things that are not really there. The findings might also indicate an enlargement of the stakeholder perspective. Thus, a subtle shift from a bilateral relationship (company – shareholders) towards a multilateral set of relationships (company – stakeholders) camouflaged under the justification from management teams that the increased interest comes from the stock market. Originality/value – The study contributes to the scarce research on how actors in the stock market view CSR. The findings are of interest and relevance to the business and academic communities in their ongoing quest of unravelling the core of CSR and business ethics.

In a market economy with frequent changes, audit is an area that can provide some stability at the economic and social lever, even if the economic and financial crises have questioned the audit work and led to a decrease in the trust of the intended users in the auditors work, leading to a distortion of the primary purpose of the financial audit. The article presents the relevant aspects of the evolution of audit reporting, especially on the underlying issues that expressing qualified opinions or disclaimer of opinion. The content of paper includes a review literature, national and international, and a case study that identified and analyzed the qualified opinions expressed in the auditor’s independent reports, after analysis the financial statements of companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange for the period 2015, 2016 and 2017. The entities were grouped on 9 sectors of activity and researched for each industry if the auditors expressed an unqualified opinion or a modified opinion and if the auditor is part of a Big4 company or belongs to another auditor category. The reasons behind the modified opinions were analyzed and grouped according to the frequency of their appearance in the audit reports. The most important conclusion of the case study was that in all cases, the reasons that led to express modified opinions, was detailed in the auditor’s report, this being considered as a reference guide for the future auditor’s missions, as well as, a recommendation for improving the highlighted aspects.

By fostering employee engagement, organisations can achieve a range of benefits, including retaining top talent, increasing productivity and safety, improving customer satisfaction and retention, and achieving better financial results such as revenue growth and total shareholder return. This study aimed to investigate the impact of factors such as organisational support, advancement opportunities, meaningful work, and psychological safety on employee engagement among engineers in a petrochemical company, highlighting the crucial role of work engagement in ensuring sustainable performance. A quantitative research approach was utilized to collect data by surveying 84 engineers through questionnaires, using judgmental sampling in one of the organisation’s regional operating hubs. Descriptive, reliability and inferential statistics were utilized to examine the relationship between employee engagement, meaningfulness, and psychological safety. According to the descriptive statistics, the respondents had ample growth opportunities, including a high degree of variety, learning opportunities, and job independence. Advancement was also provided in terms of good salaries, although some respondents indicated that they lacked financial rewards, promotions, and training opportunities. Most respondents indicated a positive level of psychological safety, stating that they could be themselves at work and express their opinions. However, their level of engagement was average, and some differences based on demographic information were observed. According to the study, there was a notable and affirmative correlation between employee engagement, organisational support, psychological safety, and meaningful work. As a result, the study suggests that enhancing employee engagement levels, not just among engineers but other employees as well can lead to an increase in productivity and overall performance. The study provides recommendations on how to achieve this goal.

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with the development of several cancers including Burkitt's Lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal and Gastric Carcinomas. EBV-encoded Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A), a BCR mimic, is expressed in cancer cells and is essential for transformation, migration and inhibition of differentiation. LMP2A/λ-MYC double transgenic mice develop splenomegaly and lymphoma much faster than mice that express Myc only. LMP2A induces cancer phenotype by recruiting and activating BCR signaling components such as Lyn and Syk kinases to the SH2 motifs found on its N terminal cytoplasmic domain. In this study, we explored inhibition of Syk kinase activity with a novel Syk/FLT-3 inhibitor TAK-659, in lymphomas from these transgenic mice to assess SYK inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for EBV-associated malignancies. The cell lines developed from LMP2A/Myc transgenic mice derived lymphomas showed higher basal pSYK levels than Myc lymphoma cell lines. TAK-659 treatment resulted in early apoptosis within 8hrs in LMP2A/Myc lymphoma cells in comparison to 24 hrs in Myc lymphoma cells. In both pre-tumor and tumor transfer models in vivo, compared with placebo and Myc tumors, LMP2A/MYC mice treated with TAK-659 did not develop splenomegaly and tumor development was totally inhibited in these mice indicating SYK signaling is essential for tumor development in LMP2A/Myc mice. In addition, metastasis of tumor cells into BM was abrogated. TAK-659 killed tumor cells but not host cells in spleen and tumors. Taken together our data show that TAK-659, even in low nanomolar concentrations, inhibits pSYK and induces apoptosis in LMP2A/Myc tumor cells. It also inhibits splenomegaly and tumor development in our autochthonous and syngeneic tumor transfer models of EBV-associated lymphoma by targeting tumor cells while sparing non-tumor cells. Therefore, TAK-659 may provide an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies and should be explored further in clinical trials. Disclosures Kannan: Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment. Huck:Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA: Employment. Yu:Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA: Employment. Zhang:Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA: Employment. Gordon:Northwestern University: Patents & Royalties: Patent for gold nanoparticles pending.

AbstractThis article reconstructs the printing history of Hugo Grotius's Mare liberum (The Free Sea, 1609). It examines the political circumstances which prompted the pamphlet's publication, but then seemed to conspire against it, and relates these to Grotius's revision of chapter 12 of Ms. BPL 917 in Leiden University Library, the one surviving copy of De iure praedae (The Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty, 1604-1608). While preparing chapter 12 for the press, he made a serious effort to tone down its bellicose rhetoric, erasing, for example, all references to the Spanish claims to the Americas. His aim was to placate the French envoy Pierre Jeannin and his own political patron Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, the driving forces behind the negotiations for the Twelve Years' Truce (1609-1621). In the context of these negotiations, Grotius was at pains to downplay his radical rights theories. The subjective right of punishment only received a mention in the conclusion of Mare liberum, for example. Yet a discarded outline for the pamphlet's preface shows that the argument of De iure praedae remained uppermost in his mind, witness the outline's denunciation of the 'poisonings, perfidy and crimes of the Portuguese'. Both De iure praedae and Mare liberum had been commissioned by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) for the express purpose of influencing political developments in its favour. Yet neither treatise had the impact originally intended by Grotius and the VOC directors. Ironically, these occasional writings became classics of international law instead.

This study aims to investigate the quality management of public transportation services in the Tunisian context during the COVID-19 outbreak. The empirical study was based on the conjoint analysis approach. The sample collected is composed of 250 individuals who often use the train as a means of transport and the pairwise comparison method is adopted for conjoint analysis. This study assesses quality management of customer service and takes into account four aspects of service quality such as comfort, way of reservation (possibility of online booking), speed, and safety. The findings revealed that the optimal combination of service offered by the Tunisian national railway company is characterized by the terms “first class”, “online booking”, “express”, and “safety”. It is favored by Tunisian customers during the COVID-19 outbreak.Additionally, the results show that the maximum utility corresponds to the “safety train” modality followed by “second class”, “online booking”, and finally “stopover”. Moreover, the use of new information and communication technologies (NICT) has importance for train users during the COVID-19 outbreak. Indeed, Tunisians are looking for safety and measures to reduce crowding in a train, to minimize the risk of contagion of COVID-19 outbreak.

After experiencing its half-century golden period between 1950-2000, the system of trade unionism and collective bargaining, which arose with the concern of turning the class political struggle, which entered the agenda of humanity into a peaceful situation, faced a crisis of existence and function. A change in the understanding of Labor Relations and Business Management, a change in the perspective of working and production with modern human resource management techniques, has led to the need to reproduce the system of trade unionism and collective bargaining. Globalization, international competition and small businesses succumbing to mass production have led to trade union monopolism and cumbersome organizations. Trade union organizations have fallen behind the human resource vision they represent and have begun to fade in the trap of wage unionism. This led to a trend of changes in the way trade unionism was conducted, but the components of new trade unionism did not fall into place. The traditional collective bargaining system, which can find a living space thanks to the introduction of wage costs against the price-quality-sales performance in production, has had to express itself again as this cycle begins to be questioned. The main concerns about trade unionism have changed as follows: It has become vital that unionism is peace-oriented rather than fight-oriented, compromise-oriented rather than debate-oriented, solution-oriented rather than Problem-Oriented, Development and life-oriented rather than wage-oriented, strategy and employment-oriented rather than bargaining-oriented. Therefore, especially in trade unionism, it is clear that there is a need for “trade unionism and community bargaining system reform”, which begins with the qualifications and election times of trade union managers and extends to managing flexible working models and from there to the correct perception and correct interpretation of international company relations and paves the way for entrepreneurship. Keywords: Trade Unionism, Collective Bargaining, Labor, Industrial Relations, Productivity, Innovation, Human Resources

The purpose of the research was to examine the profile of the national Amsterdam Dance Event (ADE) visitor. It explored the demographic profile, the buying behavior, the communication activity, and the motivators behind visiting ADE. A quantitative methodology was employed using a convenience sampling method. The research applied an online survey and research literature methodology. Dutch ADE visitors received an active link to the online survey. It was designed in https://surveyplanet. com and distributed via Facebook. The researchers set a 95% confidence level and a margin of error of 10%. Thus, the sample size was calculated as 96 respondents out of 285,000 Dutch ADE visitors for 2016. A total number of 104 (male n = 53, female n = 51) fully completed surveys were returned. Overall, the profile of the ADE visitors of ADE were young people (aged 22–29), predominantly single or in a relationship who attended ADE more than once. They were active communicators on social media before, during, and after the ADE. The ADE visitors' main reasons to attend the festival were the opportunities to experience electronic music in the company of friends, to meet like-minded people, and express themselves. They were primarily students or working people with a medium level of disposable income. They were price sensitive both on tickets and on-site spending. The primary limitation researchers faced was the lack of funding. It affected the research strategy, access to up-to-date industry reports, and the representativeness of the research. However, the study is the first to try to explore the buyer person of the Amsterdam Dance Event.

Abstract Research purpose. The aim of the research is to demonstrate the impacts of an absence of organizational policies and strategies in the field of work security on enterprise competitiveness. The movement of loads in the warehouses of industrial and distribution companies is critical in optimizing the times of availability of products to market. This is an activity that, in the field of management, appears to be simple and not very complex, duly framed by national and international laws. However, when poorly managed, it can express significant costs that affect competitiveness and even significantly affect the operational functioning of companies. Knowing that the safety of cargo handling by different equipment presupposes rules and safety policies at different levels, the present study aims to demonstrate the economic impacts based on a real situation in one of the largest handling equipment companies in Portugal. Design / Methodology / Approach. Given the nature and objectives of the study, which seeks to demonstrate that the work security rules and policies compliance or non-compliance has benefits or costs and affects the competitiveness of economic organizations, the work was developed based on three phases. The first phase focused on direct observation of safety practices in operational activities. After this observation, in a second phase, we proceeded to collect and analyze existing data in the company under study, referring to the number of work accidents recorded in the past. In the last phase, we sought to understand and justify the results with the company’s top management. This last phase provided the understanding of the administrators’ view on the subject and the confrontation with the associated impacts, not only at the financial level but at the level of the company’s operation. Findings. This study made it possible to show the impact (associated costs) on organizational performance and that this reality, unfortunately, is not often part of top management’s concern. As a management issue that is often relegated to middle management, this study demonstrates the frequent failure to comply with safety rules due to the pressure of daily activities, the increased number of accidents with the personnel growing in the company, and that this situation can be enhanced through the low degree of control by the enterprise top management over the existing reality. With this concrete study, it was possible to verify the weak relevance of the topic for the company’s administration and the assumption of the difficulty in regularizing the existing situation. The need to review management practices and models in this field became evident. Originality / Value / Practical implications. The relevance of this study made it possible to point out to the top management administration that, in terms of competitiveness. However, the direct costs of the operation are relevant; there are indirect and opportunity costs, such as accidents or unavailability of equipment, which represent costs that can compromise the competitiveness of the company. This study also had the advantage of providing management with evidence of the existing reality in the company, which tends to be undervalued or go unnoticed in the day-to-day company’s current activities. In addition, it should also be noted that a proposal for an improvement plan for the company’s safety was made available.

Abstract Introduction Lymphodepletion chemotherapy followed by infusion of autologous T cells engineered to express a CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has shown high response rates in relapsed or refractory high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Durable remissions were observed, particularly in patients (pts) who achieved minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative (neg) complete response (CR) in the marrow with no detectable malignant clone by IGH sequencing. Here, we present long-term outcomes of CLL pts treated with CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy, and single-cell cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) analyses of infusion products (IPs) to identify intrinsic T cell characteristics associated with outcomes. Methods Pts were treated on a phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT01865617) of CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy in two cohorts: no ibrutinib (ibr) cohort (No-ibr; ibr discontinued prior to leukapheresis or lymphodepletion) or concurrent ibr cohort (Con-ibr; ibr started at least 2 weeks prior to leukapheresis and continued until at least 3 months after CAR-T cell infusion). Responses were evaluated according to the 2018 International Workshop on CLL (iwCLL) criteria (Hallek et al. Blood 2018). MRD in the marrow was assessed 4 weeks after CAR-T cell infusion using flow cytometry (sensitivity, 10 -4) and IGH sequencing (sensitivity, 10 -6). Multiomics profiling was performed on IPs from 25 pts selected based on distribution of ibr washout time before leukapheresis and clinical response (Table 1). All pts received cyclophosphamide and fludarabine lymphodepletion and 2 x 10 6 CAR-T cells/kg. CD3 + CAR-T cells isolated from IPs underwent CITE-seq (10x Genomics), with generation of gene expression, full-length paired V(D)J, and cell surface protein expression libraries. Differential gene expression (DEG) analyses were performed using Model-based Analysis of Single-cell Transcriptomics (MAST). Blood transcriptome modules were used for Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results Forty-seven pts (median age, 61 years) with CLL (excluding Richter's transformation without coexisting CLL) received lymphodepletion and CD19 CAR-T cell infusion. Among 29 pts with a pretreatment trackable malignant IGH clone who achieved MRD-neg CR by flow cytometry, at a median follow-up of 23.5 months (interquartile range, 11.0-33.8), the median progression-free survival was 8.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-not reached) for those with a detected post-treatment malignant IGH clone in marrow (n = 11) and could not be estimated (95% CI, 22.2-not reached) in those without a detected post-treatment malignant IGH clone (n = 18; P = .0006; Figure 1A). In the pts without a detected malignant IGH clone 4 weeks after infusion, only 3 (17%) relapsed; 1 died of a myocardial infarction while in ongoing response. We performed multiomics studies on IPs from a selected subset (n = 25) of pts (Table 1) to identify gene expression patterns impacting outcomes. GSEA revealed association with T cell activation, oxidative phosphorylation, transcription initiation and cell cycle modules in IPs of pts who did compared to did not achieve MRD-neg CR (Figure 1B, left), consistent with the hypothesis that CAR-T cell quality is a key determinant of depth and duration of remission in CLL. IPs studied in the multiomics subset were manufactured from pts treated in either the No-ibr or the Con-ibr cohort (Table 1) and our prior data showed a trend towards higher rates of IGH-neg CR in the Con-ibr cohort (85 vs 60%, P = .34). Because ibr administration before leukapheresis might improve CAR-T cell quality and function, we compared IPs of patients in the No-Ibr vs. Con-Ibr cohorts. GSEA revealed that the T cell differentiation via ITK and PKC module was less enriched in IPs of pts in the Con-ibr vs. No-ibr cohort (Figure 1B, right), consistent with ibr-induced inhibition of T cell differentiation as a mechanism for enhanced CAR-T cell quality in the IP. Analyses are ongoing and full results will be presented at the meeting. Conclusion Long-term follow-up confirmed that achieving a malignant IGH-neg response after CAR-T cell therapy is associated with durable remissions in high-risk CLL. Integrated multiomics profiling suggests that CAR-T cell IP quality is a key determinant of MRD-neg CR. Ibr-related inhibition of ITK signaling in T cells can further contribute to the quality of infused CAR-T cells. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Hirayama: Novartis: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria. Sheih: Umoja Biopharma: Current Employment. Gauthier: Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Legend Biotech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Multerra Bio: Consultancy; Larvol: Consultancy; JMP: Consultancy; Eusapharma: Consultancy. Maloney: A2 Biotherapeutics: Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months; BioLineRx, Juno, Celgene, Kite, a Gilead Company, Gilead, Novartis, and Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; A2 Biotherapeutics: Consultancy; Kite, a Gilead Company, Juno, and Celgene: Research Funding; Juno: Patents & Royalties. Gottardo: Illumina: Consultancy; 10x Genomics: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Ozette Technologies: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company; Modulus Therapeutics: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company. Turtle: PACT Pharma: Consultancy; TCR2 Therapeutics: Research Funding; Nektar Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy; Juno Therapeutics/BMS: Patents & Royalties: Right to receive royalties from Fred Hutch for patents licensed to Juno Therapeutics, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; Arsenal Bio: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Asher Bio: Consultancy; Century Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Eureka Therapeutics: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Precision Biosciences: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Myeloid Therapeutics: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Allogene: Consultancy; Caribou Biosciences: Consultancy, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Other: Scientific Advisory Board; T-CURX: Other: Scientific Advisory Board.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate the scope of digitalization in the EMAS-registered organizations for better understanding its extent in environmental committed firms' activities.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis was employed to examine the environmental statements of the EMAS-registered organizations. About 60 Italian and Polish entities were selected from the EMAS database using simple random sampling method.FindingsThe article fills the gap in the theory of managing change in an environmental context, suggesting that the action plan for sustainable development does not meet the objectives of digitalization. Organizations registered in EMAS do not express a strong tendency to introduce ICT in the pursuit of environmental goals, which is contrary to the assumptions about the benefits of digitalization for sustainable development.Research limitations/implicationsThe first limitation refers to the small size of the sample. Since environmental statements are always published in national languages, only two countries – Italy and Poland – were chosen for investigation. The use of national language hinders comparison, but the inclusion of more registered organizations could give additional explanations. Secondly, the content analysis would have benefited from the collection of additional source of information (webpages and company documentations), since many firms do not refer to digitalization in the environmental statements. Gathering primary data from managers explaining the motives behind their strategic environmental decisions could be also useful.Practical implicationsGiving the agreement about the environmental advantages of digitalization, this study offers to the practitioners the chance to catch new opportunities within the field of environmental sustainability by the employment of more integrated approach to digitalization.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine two dynamically developing areas, namely digitalization and environmental sustainability. This study enriches current knowledge about both areas, examining the level of digitalization of European high-environmental performing firms. In doing this, it reports lack of important use of digitalization in the action plans for environmental commitments in Polish and Italian EMAS-registered organizations.

International Journal of Innovation - IJI completes 7 yearsInternational Journal of Innovation - IJI has now 7 years old! In this editorial comment, we not only want to talk about our evolution but get even closer to the IJI community. It is our first editorial comment, a new IJI's communication channel. Some of the changes are already described on our website.IJI is an innovation-focused journal that was created to support scientific research and thereby contribute to practice. Also, IJI was born internationally, receiving and supporting research from around the world. We welcome articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish.We have published eight volumes in IJI since 2013, totaling 131 articles. Our journal is indexed in: Dialnet and Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico; Ebsco Host; Erih Plus; Gale - Cengage Learning; Latindex; Proquest; Redalyc; Web of Science Core Collection (Emerging Sources Citation Index), among others. We provide free access “open access” to all its content. Articles can be read, downloaded, copied, distributed, printed and / or searched.We want to emphasize that none of this would be possible without the authors that recognized in IJI a relevant journal to publicize their work. Nor can we fail to mention the tireless and voluntary action of the reviewers, always contributing to the articles' improvement and skilling up our journal, more and more.All editors who passed through IJI have a fundamental role in this trajectory. And, none of this would be possible without the editorial team of Uninove. Everyone who passed and the current team. We want to express that our work as current editors of IJI would not be possible without you. Changes in the Intenational Journal of Innovation – IJIAs we mentioned earlier, IJI was born in 2013. And, over time, we are improving its structure always to improve it. In this section, we want to show some changes we made. We intend that editorial comments become a communication channel and that they can help our readers, authors, and reviewers to keep up with these changes.Although IJI is a comprehensive Innovation journal, one of the changes we want to inform you is that now, at the time of submission, the author will choose one of the available topics that best suit your article. The themes are: Innovative Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Learning; Innovation and Sustainability; Internationalization of Innovation; Innovation Systems; Emerging Innovation Themes and; Digital Transformation. Below, we present each theme so that everyone can get to know them:Innovative Entrepreneurship: emerging markets provided dynamic advantages for small businesses and their entrepreneurs to exploit the supply flows of resources, capacities, and knowledge-based on strategies oriented to the management of innovation. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: resources and capabilities that support innovative entrepreneurship; innovation habitats (Universities, Science and Technology Parks, Incubators and Accelerators) and their influences on the development of knowledge-intensive spin-offs and start-ups; open innovation, triple/quadruple helix, knowledge transfer, effectuation, bricolage and co-creation of value in knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship ecosystems; and adequate public policies to support innovative entrepreneurship.Innovation and Learning: discussions on this topic focus on the relationship between learning and innovation as topics with the potential to improve teaching and learning. They also focus on ways in which we acquire knowledge through innovation and how knowledge encourages new forms of innovation. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: innovative projects for learning; innovation-oriented learning; absorptive capacity; innovation in organizational learning and knowledge creation; unlearning and learning for technological innovation; new learning models; dynamics of innovation and learning; skills and innovation.Innovation and Sustainability: discussions on this topic seek to promote the development of innovation with a focus on sustainability, encouraging new ways of thinking about sustainable development issues. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: development of new sustainable products; circular economy; reverse logistic; smart cities; technological changes for sustainable development; innovation and health in the scope of sustainability; sustainable innovation and policies; innovation and education in sustainability and social innovation.Internationalization of Innovation: the rise of developing countries as an innovation center and their new nomenclature for emerging markets have occupied an important place in the international research agenda on global innovation and Research and Development (RD) strategies. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: resources and capabilities that support the internationalization of innovation and RD; global and local innovation and RD strategies; reverse innovation; internationalization of start-ups and digital companies; development of low-cost products, processes and services with a high-value offer internationalized to foreign markets; innovations at the base of the pyramid, disruptive and/or frugal developed and adopted in emerging markets and replicated in international markets; institutional factors that affect firms' innovation efforts in emerging markets.Innovation Systems: regulation and public policies define the institutional environment to drive innovation. Topics include industrial policy, technological trends and macroeconomic performance; investment ecosystem for the development and commercialization of new products, based on government and private investments; investment strategies related to new companies based on science or technology; Technology transfer to, from and between developing countries; technological innovation in all forms of business, political and economic systems. Topics such as triple helix, incubators, and other structures for cooperation, fostering and mobilizing innovation are expected in this section.Emerging Themes: from the applied themes, many emerging problems have a significant impact on management, such as industry 4.0, the internet of things, artificial intelligence or social innovations, or non-economic benefits. Intellectual property is treated as a cognitive database and can be understood as a technological library with the registration of the product of human creativity and invention. Social network analysis reveals the relationships between transforming agents and other elements; therefore, encouraged to be used in research and submitted in this section. The theoretical field not fully developed is not a barrier to explore any theme or question in this section.Digital Transformation: this interdisciplinary theme covers all the antecedents, intervening, and consequent effects of digital transformation in the field of technology-based companies and technology-based business ventures. The technological innovator (human side of innovation) as an entrepreneur, team member, manager, or employee is considered an object of study either as an agent of innovation or an element of the innovation process. Digital change or transformation is considered as a process that moves from the initial status to the new digital status, anchored in the theories of innovation, such as adoption, diffusion, push / pull of technology, innovation management, service innovation, disruptive innovation, innovation frugal innovation economy, organizational behavior, context of innovation, capabilities and transaction costs. Authors who submit to IJI will realize that they now need to make a structured summary at the time of submission. The summary must include the following information:(maximum of 250 words + title + keywords = Portuguese, English and Spanish).Title.Objective of the study (mandatory): Indicate the objective of the work, that is, what you want to demonstrate or describe.Methodology / approach (mandatory): Indicate the scientific method used in carrying out the study. In the case of theoretical essays, it is recommended that the authors indicate the theoretical approach adopted.Originality / Relevance (mandatory): Indicate the theoretical gap in which the study is inserted, also presenting the academic relevance of the discipline.Main results (mandatory): briefly indicate the main results achieved.Theoretical-methodological contributions (mandatory): Indicate the main theoretical and / or methodological implications that have been achieved with the results of the study.Social / managerial contributions (mandatory): Indicate the main managerial and / or social implications obtained through the results of the study.Keywords: between three and five keywords that characterize the work. Another change regarding the organization of the IJI concerns the types of work. In addition to the Editorial Comment and Articles, the journal will include Technological Articles, Perspectives, and Reviews. Thus, when submitting a study, authors will be able to choose from the available options for types of work. Throughout the next issues of the IJI, in the editorial comments, we will pass on pertinent information about every kind of work, to assist the authors in their submissions.Currently, the IJI is available to readers with new works three times a year (January-April; May-August; September-December) with publications in English, Portuguese and Spanish. From what comes next, we will have some changes in the periodicity. Next stepsAs editors, we want the IJI to continue with a national and international impact and increase its relevance in the indexing bases. For this, we will work together with the entire editorial team, reviewers, and authors to improve the work. We will do our best to give full support to the evaluators who are so dedicated to making constructive evaluations to the authors. We will also support authors with all the necessary information.With editorial comments, we intend to pass on knowledge to readers, authors, and reviewers to improve the articles gradually. We also aim to support classroom activities and content.Even with the changes reported here, we continue to accept all types of work, as long as they have an appropriate methodology. We also maintain our scope and continue to publish all topics involving innovation. We want to support academic events on fast tracks increasingly. About the articles in this edition of IJIThis issue is the first we consider the new organization of the International Journal of Innovation - IJI. We started with this editorial comment talking about the changes and improvements that we are making at IJI—as an example, showing the reader, reviewer, and author that the scope remains the same. However, at the time of submission, the author has to choose one of the proposed themes and have a mandatory abstract structured in three languages (English, Portuguese, and Spanish).In this issue, we have a section of perspectives that addresses the “Fake Agile” phenomenon. This phenomenon is related to the difficulties that companies face throughout the agile transformation, causing companies not to reach full agility and not return to their previous management model.Next, we publish the traditional section with scientific articles. The article “Critical success factors of the incubation network of enterprises of the IFES” brings critical success factors as the determining variables to keep business incubators competitive, improving their organizational processes, and ensuring their survival. Another published article, “The sharing economy dilemma: the response of incumbent firms to the rise of the sharing economy”, addresses the sharing economy in terms of innovation. The results of the study suggest that the current response to the sharing economy so far is moderate and limited. The article “Analysis of the provision for implementation of reverse logistics in the supermarket retail” made it possible to observe that through the variables that define retail characteristics, it is not possible to say whether a supermarket will implement the reverse logistics process. And the article “Capability building in fuzzy front end management in a high technology services company”, whose main objective was to assess the adherence among Fuzzy Front End (FFE) facilitators, was reported in the literature its application in the innovation process of a company, an innovative multinational high-tech services company.We also published the article “The evolution of triple helix movement: an analysis of scientific communications through bibliometric technique”. The study is a bibliometric review that brings essential contributions to the area. This issue also includes a literature review entitled “Service innovation tools: a literature review” that aimed to systematically review the frameworks proposed and applied by the literature on service innovation.The technological article “A model to adopt Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Business Intelligence (BI) among Saudi SMEs”, in a new IJI publication section, addresses the main issues related to the intention to use ERPBI in the Saudi private sector.As we mentioned earlier in this editorial, IJI has a slightly different organization. With the new format, we intend to contribute to the promotion of knowledge in innovation. Also, we aim to increasingly present researchers and students with possibilities of themes and gaps for their research and bring insights to professionals in the field.Again, we thank the reviewers who dedicate their time and knowledge in the evaluations, always helping the authors. We wish you, readers, to enjoy the articles in this issue and feel encouraged to send your studies in innovation to the International Journal of Innovation - IJI.