To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: International exports.
Journal articles on the topic 'International exports'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'International exports.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Alam, Shaista. "The trade integration and Pakistan’s export performance." International Journal of Development Issues 17, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 326–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-04-2018-0058.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of trade integration on Pakistan’s export performance (value of exports, number of exporters and number of products per exporter) during 2003 to 2010. Design/methodology/approach Data from the World Bank Exporters Dynamics Database are analysed using fixed effect panel data techniques. Findings The results suggest that trade integration with South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), China and Iran play remarkable role in improving export value by 73, 29 and 55 per cent, respectively. It is found that on average more than 140 and 339 exporters increase after integration with SAFTA and China, respectively, and during the study period, 1,605 and 606 exporters entered into SAFTA and Chinese market, respectively. Moreover, 182 and 146 additional exporters entered in Malaysian and Iranian export market after integration, which is 19 and 98 per cent, respectively, of initial year’s number of exporters. In addition, Malaysia and Mauritius show positive and considerable effect on diversification of product variety. Originality/value This is an original empirical research. The contributions of the paper are many fold: this paper is first to analyse the effect of Pakistan’s trade integration established during 2000s decade; pioneer contribution of this study is to use the number of exporters and number of products, as well as the value of exports to measure the export performance of Pakistan; and this study uses positive and negative discrepancies in export value data, number of HS6 products exported as a proxy of product diversification, share of industrial exports in total exports and share of textile exports in industrial exports.
2
Alnafissa, Mohamad, Mahmoud Alderiny, Yosef Alamri, and Jawad Alhashim. "The Future of Saudi Arabia’s Date Exports Using a Cointegration Model." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 11, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.111.113.119.
Full textAbstract:
Dates represent an important export crop for Saudi Arabia that attracts foreign exchange. There is an opportunity for Saudi Arabia to extend its date exports to the international market due to production exceeding consumption and comparative advantage in date production. This paper explores the future export market for Saudi dates by analyzing the factors that affect Saudi date exports and highlighting this crop’s comparative advantage. Also, the paper uses autoregressive and distributed lag methodology with data from 1980 to 2017 to predict the future for exported dates between 2020 and 2025. The relationship between the export of dates and other exogenous variables shows there are significant effects from domestic production, domestic consumption of dates, and the price of exported dates in both the long and short term. In contrast, the comparative advantage of Saudi dates shows a significant effect only in the short term, because there has been no active program to promote Saudi dates in global markets. The explanatory variables predict that 2019 Saudi date exports will increase by 3.8-fold in 2025, with the total export amount over 700 thousand tons. Thus, there is an opportunity to develop more programs that target the international market in support of date farms and exporters, and to support market research directed at satisfying the international market.
3
Downing, D. O. "Canadian Coal in International Markets." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 4, no. 4 (August 1986): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878600400403.
Full textAbstract:
Canada represents a comparatively unique case in the world coal industry, being a significant importer of both metallurgical and thermal coals as well as an exporter. The vast distances between the major coal producing areas in western Canada and the industrial heartland to the east, and commensurate high freight costs explain this apparent dichotomy. Eastern US coals supply much of the industrial requirement in eastern Canada, chiefly the Province of Ontario, the major consumer of imported coals. Only about 25% of this requirement is met with western Canadian coal. Overall, Canada is not a coal based economy. Because of large reserves of oil and natural gas, coal supplies only 10% of Canada's energy needs. Despite the long-standing reliance on US imports, Canada has become a net exporter of coal on the basis of a comparatively young industry that has blossomed in western Canada since 1970. Metallurgical coal, the foundation of the Canadian export industry, was initially the sole export product but has been joined since the late 1970s by thermal coal. The growth in thermal coal exports is expected to exceed the growth of metallurgical coal exports over the remainder of the 1980s, but metallurgical coal will retain its major share of exports even by 1990. Not to be forgotten is the relatively modest export trade of metallurgical coal from the east of Canada, where coal has been produced in the mines of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, for many decades. The extent to which growth of exports from this region can be expected is uncertain at present, although expanded Nova Scotia exports could displace some US exports if expansion can take place economically. The western Canadian industry is well placed to participate in existing and new world-markets for coal, particularly in the Far East, due to the locational advantages on the Pacific, but also importantly in Europe due to the size and quality of the Canadian resource base and due to competitive mining costs. In addition, over a decade and a half have been dedicated to the placement of a modern and efficient infrastructure of rail and port facilities in the west to promote the development of a viable export business. The major portion of this paper addresses the main features of the Canadian coal industry, highlighting the export industry. The main features include: the large, well-located coal resources, growing production, consistent quality, competitive mine costs, modern infrastructure, labour stability and supportive government.
4
Chaney, Thomas. "The Network Structure of International Trade." American Economic Review 104, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 3600–3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.11.3600.
Full textAbstract:
Motivated by empirical evidence I uncover on the dynamics of French firms' exports, I offer a novel theory of trade frictions. Firms export only into markets where they have a contact. They search directly for new trading partners, but also use their existing network of contacts to search remotely for new partners. I characterize the dynamic formation of an international network of exporters in this model. Structurally, I estimate this model on French data and confirm its predictions regarding the distribution of the number of foreign markets accessed by exporters and the geographic distribution of exports. (JEL D85, F11, F14, L24)
5
Terin, Mustafa, and Fahri Yavuz. "Türkiye Peynir Sektörünün Uluslararası Rekabetçiliğinin Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleriyle Karşılaştırılmalı Analizi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 9 (September 15, 2018): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i9.1243-1250.2023.
Full textAbstract:
Cheese, in addition to being a rich foodstuff regarding protein and calcium, has an important place in international trade. Cheese export consists 40.3% of the world’s dairy products exports. European Union countries such as Germany, Netherland, France, Italy and Denmark, in addition to the USA, New Zealand and Australia have an important market share in international cheese trade. Germany, Netherland, France, Italy and Denmark export 54.8% of the world and 71.8% of European Union total cheese export in 2016. Turkey is in 25th place in the world ranking with exports value of $150 million in 2016. About 45.0% of Turkey's dairy products are exported in the form of cheese exports. Turkey and EU are also net exporters in international cheese trade. The objective of this study is to analyze the competitiveness of Turkey's cheese sector and compare with EU-28 and selected European Union Countries like Germany, Netherland, France, Italy and Denmark. The data for this study were provided by the International Trade Centre database for the period 2001-2016. Balassa and Vollrath’s Indexes were used for measuring the international competitiveness level of Turkey in the cheese sector. In addition to these indexes, Trade Balance Index was also used for comparison. The results revealed that the average RXA, RTA, RC and TBI scores for Turkey were 0.44, 0.34, 1.51 and 0.49, and for EU-28 were 2.21, 0.34, 0.17 and 0,10 respectively. Although Turkey has a comparative advantages in the international cheese trade, the EU is more comparative advantageous than Turkey.
6
Bernard, Andrew B., Jonathan Eaton, J. Bradford Jensen, and Samuel Kortum. "Plants and Productivity in International Trade." American Economic Review 93, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 1268–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282803769206296.
Full textAbstract:
We reconcile trade theory with plant-level export behavior, extending the Ricardian model to accommodate many countries, geographic barriers, and imperfect competition. Our model captures qualitatively basic facts about U.S. plants: (i) productivity dispersion, (ii) higher productivity among exporters, (iii) the small fraction who export, (iv) the small fraction earned from exports among exporting plants, and (v) the size advantage of exporters. Fitting the model to bilateral trade among the United States and 46 major trade partners, we examine the impact of globalization and dollar appreciation on productivity, plant entry and exit, and labor turnover in U.S. manufacturing.
7
Cao, Xuping, and Nancy Hanson-Rasmussen. "Dynamic Change in the Export Technology Structure of China’s Environmental Goods and Its International Comparison." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 3508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103508.
Full textAbstract:
Growing natural disaster intensity, ocean warming, air quality alerts, and a desire to emphasize sustainable practice has prompted countries to payincreased attention to the development of environmental industries. This has led to trade in environmental goods (EGs) and a need for export technology research. The purpose of this paper is to measure the evolution of the technological structure of China’s export EGs and its position in the international industrial value chain. Based on the 2012 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) EGs list and United Nations Comtrade (COMTRADE) data, this study uses the technical complexity index to empirically calculate the technology structure and level changes of China’s EGs exports from 2007 to 2016. The results are then compared with those of the Asia-Pacific region and the world’s major exporters of EGs. Additionally, this study proposes a method called “Equalization Technology Classification” that divides all EGs into five technical levels: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, and low. The research finds that (1) China’s EGs exports are predominately of medium-low technical complexity, and while the proportion of exported goods with high technical complexity is very low, the export technology structure is constantly being optimized. (2) Compared with Singapore, the United States, and the European Union, the overall technical level of China’s exported EGs is lagging behind. (3) The overall technical level of exported EGs in major exporting countries is rapidly increasing but is especially impressive in South Korea and China, where growth ranks first and second in the world, respectively.
8
Marchant, Mary A., Dyana N. Cornell, and Won Koo. "International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment: Substitutes or Complements?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 34, no. 2 (August 2002): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800009044.
Full textAbstract:
International agricultural trade has evolved over time. Processed foods and developing countries have become major growth markets for U.S. agricultural exports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) has become even more important than exports as a means of accessing foreign markets. The critical question is whether FDI is a substitute for or a complement of exports. This research builds upon an existing theoretical FDI model and contributes to the literature through the development of a simultaneous equation system for FDI and exports, which is estimated using two-stage least squares. Empirical analyses were used to examine the relationship between U.S. FDI and exports of processed foods into East Asian countries-China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan-from 1989 to 1998. The results indicated a complementary relationship between FDI and exports. Additionally, these results indicated that interest rates, exchange rates, gross domestic product (GDP), and compensation rates are important variables that influence U.S. FDI in East Asian countries, while GDP, exchange rates, and export prices are important export determinants.
9
Chow, Larry Chuen-ho. "The Changing Role of Oil in Chinese Exports, 1974–89." China Quarterly 131 (September 1992): 750–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100004635x.
Full textAbstract:
Although not commonly recognized as such, China is a sizeable oil exporter in the world. In 1985, for example, it exported 36.24 million tonnes of crude oil and oil products, accounting for 2.41 per cent of total oil exports in the world. Oil also satisfied 17 per cent of total domestic energy needs and generated 25.9 per cent of all export earnings of the country in 1985.
10
Apaitan, Tosapol, Piti Disyatat, and Krislert Samphantharak. "Dissecting Thailand's International Trade: Evidence from 88 Million Export and Import Entries." Asian Development Review 36, no. 1 (March 2019): 20–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00122.
Full textAbstract:
This paper uses transaction-level data from Thailand to study concentration, specialization, and fragility of export activities. The paper shows that although exports have been an integral part of the development strategy of the country for several decades, direct engagement in international trade through exports is a rare activity. Export firms are different from their nonexport counterparts. Export activities are also extremely concentrated. There is a great deal of churning in Thai exports and exporting relationships are highly fragile. The findings highlight some cautions from a micro perspective about an export-oriented development strategy, particularly regarding concentration and vulnerability.
11
Roelfsema, Hein, Christopher Findlay, and Xianjia Ye. "Decomposing International Trade in Commercial Services." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 238–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00157325211018890.
Full textAbstract:
To delve deeper into the rise of trade in commercial services as the most important determinant of the recent increase in digital trade, this article offers a decomposition of international service trade using the latest release of the Inter-Country Input–Output (ICIO) tables. The analysis decomposes international service trade into a split between (a) direct services exports and services embodied in goods, (b) advanced economies and the major emerging markets, and (c) the major commercial services industries. We show that overall direct service exports have become more important relative to services embodied in goods, especially in advanced economies (the ‘cross-border’ effect). Further, we show that for emerging markets, the rise of the exports of services comes from the increase in volume of export of goods, which embed services and not because of an increased share of services embodied in the domestic value of exported goods (the ‘embodied volume’ effect). Finally, we show that the increase in services trade can be attributed to the increase in traded information technology (IT) services and not so much to that in financial and business services that are increasingly traded digitally across borders (the ‘plain vanilla digitalisation’ effect). JEL Codes: F14, F15, G20
12
Siddiqui, Areej Aftab, and Parul Singh. "Identifying export markets for Indian medical devices." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 14, no. 4 (September 21, 2020): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-09-2019-0059.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Medical device industry in India is a niche sector with few key players but it possesses huge potential for both domestic and international trade. In recent years, a number of regulatory relaxations have been provided to medical device manufacturers in India to enhance production and further trade especially exports. Though the industry is highly dependent on imports, the purpose of this paper is to identify key medical devices using the revealed comparative advantage, which can be exported from India by identifying new markets. Design/methodology/approach For the selected medical devices, India’s exports to the world and the newly identified markets are forecasted using the autoregressive integrated moving average model of regression. Findings It is seen that three major medical devices emerge to be the ones where India has the capacity and potential to manufacture and export. These medical devices are electro-cardiographs, magnetic resonance imaging apparatus and oscilloscopes and oscillographs being exported to the USA, Australia; China and the USA, respectively, which is rising in recent years. Research limitations/implications As the forecasted values indicate that there is an increasing potential in exports from India to the world of the selected medical devices, there is an urgent need to develop this industry and enhance exports from India. Very few studies have been carried out to examine and forecast exports from specific sectors or industries which is the need of the hour now. Originality/value The paper also provides suggestions to exporters and policymakers on leveraging the future export potential of selected medical devices.
13
Lorde, Troy, Antonio Alleyne, and Brian Francis. "An Assessment of International Competitiveness in CARICOM Services Exports." Global Economy Journal 15, no. 4 (November 24, 2015): 525–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2015-0006.
Full textAbstract:
CARICOM countries have determined that the export of services is the platform for future development of their economies in light of the loss of preferences for their traditional agricultural exports. This paper aims to determine if services can indeed fulfill this objective for the region within the context of international export competitiveness. We addressed the following questions: Which services exports in CARICOM countries are globally competitive; what is the degree of diversification in services exports; and what is the extent of export similarity in services in CARICOM. On a whole, other than Travel Services, and to a much lesser extent, Insurance Services, very few services exports in CARICOM countries are globally competitive. Most notably, Financial Services in the region, a sector touted as one to which several CARICOM countries are looking for future economic growth and development, are not competitive. St. Lucia and Jamaica are the only countries to exhibit advantages in Computer and Information Services and Personal, Cultural, and Recreational Services respectively. Guyana is competitive in Communications Services and Royalties and License Fees and Suriname in Transportation Services, Government Services and Other Business Services. Further, there is little diversification in services exports. Compounding this problem, there is a high degree of services exports similarity. If countries in the region wish to stake their future on the performance of services, regional governments will need to put in place strategies to enhance the sector’s competitiveness.
14
Tampubolon, Jongkers, and Tongam Sihol Nababan. "International Trade and North-Sumatra’s Local Economy." JEJAK 11, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v11i2.16055.
Full textAbstract:
North Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia with high levels of economic openness. On average, since 2000, the contribution of export value to the Regional GDP reached 40 % and import value of 28%. Using Granger causality method, the study aims to investigate causal relations between international trade and North Sumatra’s local economy especially the impact of exports and imports on Regional GDP, Regional GDP per capita, employment and poverty reduction. The empirical results of present study discovered that (i) the exports and imports respectively have positive and significant impact on regional GDP, regional GDP per capita, employment and poverty reduction, (ii) there is a bi-directional causality between imports and regional GDP, where GDP growth rate would boost imports over-proportionally, (iii) both exports and imports are dominated by intermediate goods as the raw materials for further processing industry, (iv) export structure which is dominated by the agricultural-based intermediate good is proverty-reduction through factor market in the upstream sector making the rural peoples benefited from the exports.
15
Ikechi, Kanu Success, and Nwadiubu Anthony. "Exchange Rate Volatility and International Trade-in." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 6, no. 5 (2020): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.65.1007.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the impact of exchange rate volatilities on international trade in Nigeria. The research is carried under the assumption that exchange rate volatilities are deemed to impact on the volume of export and import trading activities. The study made use of Secondary data from 1996 to 2018. Econometric tools were used to ascertain relationships. The paper established a mixed result between the variables under review. While some of the tests did not provide adequate and predictive information on the relationship between exports, imports and real effective exchange rate, others did. The VAR model estimates indicate an inverse relationship between Export, Import and REER in current periods. A unit increase in export and import in a particular year leads to about 0.9% and 0.4% decrease in REER respectively. Variance decomposition analysis suggests that the shocks partially explain fluctuations in REER, as well as exports and imports. The Impulse response analysis indicates a negative association between export and real effective exchange rate while it was majorly positive for imports throughout the ten periods. The causal effect reveals that import causes exports but that exports do not granger cause imports. The ARCH modelling approach suggests the existence of a first-order Arch effect and a significant GARCH term. Though the Coefficient of GARCH in a mean term is negative; it produced a singular covariance which by itself is not unique. Results show evidence of volatility of REER clustering on import and export trading activities in Nigeria. This could have serious implications for growth in Nigeria, as a reduction in the growth of exports could reduce the foreign exchange earnings available for the financing of developmental projects. At the same time, a decline in imports could affect domestic production and consumption. It could also impinge negatively on the balance of payment positions for Nigeria. In line with these observations, monetary and fiscal interventions are required to mitigate the adverse effects since financial shocks often exacerbate exchange rate volatilities.
16
Jusufi, Gent, Lura Rexhepi Mahmutaj, Gentina Jusufi, and Nora Jusufi. "Kosovo’s International Trade: Balance of Trade." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v3i1.p58-69.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a review of literature on the composition of exports and imports during 2005-2011 in Kosovo and key findings from secondary research on the reasons for the high trade deficit which affects economic development within this country. Design/Methodology/Approach – This paper presents secondary data related to background of the international trade and its increasing importance throughout the years because globalization. Then it is followed by characteristics of Kosovo’s trade environment, its domination of imports from 2005 to 2011 and its comparison with EU and non EU countries. Findings – The results of this paper illustrates that Kosovo is facing a major problem with its negative balance of trade, suffering with excessive volume of imported goods and insufficient exported goods. Kosovo’s trade marked an increase of its exports with annual average growth rate of 36%, on the other hand imports marked an increase with annual average growth rate of 13%, while the share of exports and imports of GDP was relatively 60% by the year of 2011. The reasons of poor export performance are mainly based on social, political, and economical issues that Kosovo is confronting. Nevertheless, government took important macroeconomic steps, as well as developed comprehensive process to review, shift the political and economic policies, to sustain the countries balance of trade in long term.
17
Wang, Fang, Zhonghua Yin, and Jianbang Gan. "Exchange-rate fluctuation and pricing behavior in China’s wood-based panel exporters: evidence from panel data." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 10 (October 2017): 1392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0085.
Full textAbstract:
As the largest wood-based panel producing and exporting country, China has experienced sharp reductions in the growth rate of its wood-based panel exports because of pressure caused by exchange-rate fluctuation. These fluctuations were exacerbated by the global financial crisis. China’s wood-based panel exporters need to adjust their pricing strategy to cope with the changes of international market conditions. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between exchange-rate fluctuation and the pricing behavior of China’s wood-based panel exporters. To evaluate the impact of the exchange rate on China’s wood-based panel export prices across multiple destinations, a pricing-to-market model incorporating panel data was used. The empirical results suggest that although complete exchange-rate pass-through exists widely in China’s wood-based exports, China’s fiberboard and plywood exporters tended to adopt different pricing strategies in the international wood-based panel market during the post-crisis era. China’s fiberboard exporters often used the pricing-to-market model to determine prices in the main export destination countries, while China’s plywood exporters tended to amplify the exchange-rate effects. This indicates that China’s plywood exporters have stronger international market power than China’s fiberboard exporters, partly because China’s plywood exporters have more advantages in terms of skilled labor.
18
Mišević, Petar. "International trade of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)." Ekonomski vjesnik 34, no. 1 (2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.34.1.14.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to analyse the international trade of the EAEU member states. Methodology: The paper is based on the use of indicators such as the trade balance, intra-industry trade, import content of exports, trade openness, and the share of exports in GDP. Results: The results show openness to foreign trade and export orientation of the EAEU member states. Conclusion: The conclusion is that international trade, the rapid growth of export, and trade openness differ significantly between the EAEU member states.
19
Vieira, Luciana Marques. "The role of food standards in international trade: assessing the Brazilian beef chain." Revista de Administração Contemporânea 10, spe (2006): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-65552006000500003.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to identify how Brazilian beef managers have responded to a rapid expansion and intensification of standards for beef exports. This issue relates to how some Brazilian beef exporters are strategically repositioning themselves in the supply chains. The literature of this study reviews global chain governance and international standards. The method uses case studies consisting of six medium and large scale beef exporters who export fresh beef to the European Union. The main findings describe the kinds of governance that stimulate upgrading and transferral of the best practices and, consequently, full compliance with mandatory standards. This study suggests that standards do matter for companies trying to increase international competitiveness. These results contribute an understanding of the Brazilian beef chain, and also of other supply chains coping with demanding and changing international markets. Managerial implications show the challenges facing Brazilian beef exporters in their efforts to sustain exports to the European Union and how they are using chain governance to improve their compliance with international standards and increase competitiveness.
20
Imdadul Haque, Mohammad. "Assessing the progress of exports diversification in Saudi Arabia: growth-share matrix approach." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.10.
Full textAbstract:
High dependence on a particular category of exports results in fluctuations in income as the price of the export item fluctuates. In Saudi Arabia, a single category of mineral exports forms over 78% of the total exports, exposing the country to revenue volatility. The study aims to assess the magnitude of diversification of the export basket for the country. It uses data from 1984 to 2018 to study the importance of non-mineral exports in total exports. It applies Granger causality, variance decomposition, and impulse response function in the vector autoregressive framework. The study also uses the growth-share matrix to evaluate individual items of non-mineral exports. The results show a long-run relationship with a 1% increase in non-mineral exports, leading to a 0.30% increase in total exports. Non-mineral exports Granger-cause total exports. In the long run, non-mineral exports have a share of 64% of the forecast error variance in total exports. Moreover, a 1% shock in non-mineral exports creates a huge initial impact on total exports. Also, the growth rate of non-mineral products is higher than mineral products. The results indicate the importance of non-mineral exports for a predominantly oil-exporting country. Finally, the study attempts to classify its non-mineral export categories based on growth rates and market shares. Targeted emphasis on export category with a strong growth rate and low market share can be an effective strategy for further export diversification.
21
Nevskaya, A. "Exports оf Goods from Russia to EU: Corporate Perspective." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2014): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-8-45-55.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the largest Russian corporations’ role in the exports of goods to the EU countries. The author examines the Eurostat data, concerning Russian exports to the EU within several industries and compares them with the data on the biggest Russian TNC’s exports to the EU countries. It is concluded that the largest companies’ share in the general Russian exports to the EU dominates in all strategic export-oriented industries: oil and gas exports, metallurgy and chemical industry. The lack of diversity and competition together with EU’s biased approach against big state-owned companies makes Russian exporters vulnerable to EU’s open and latent protectionism, which significantly hampers the mutual trade. Russian companies’ position is worsened by the fact that almost all of them follow the price competition strategy. Their product’s advantage is low price so antidumping measures widely used by the EU regulating institutions against Russian exporters are extremely painful and can hardly be avoided or compensated. It is concluded that dozen of the dominating companies are not able to promote Russian trade interests. On the opposite, they contribute to the growth of trade imbalances between the EU and Russia. The most possibly successful way to redirect this development is to involve into mutual trade more Russian small and medium enterprises operating in a wide range of industries. This would diminish the current mutual trade imbalances and release political tension on the European side. It would also create a great opportunity for the Russian economy to raise its efficiency. Some rights of Russian exporters became guaranteed after Russia’s accession to WTO, but structural measures to stimulate Russian SME’s exports to the EU are still needed. It is suggested that the Russian authorities should pay special attention to chemical industry and engineering as these industries’ production is being already exported from Russia to the EU, but the variety and quality of goods are still far from desired.
22
Behar, Alberto, Philip Manners, and Benjamin D. Nelson. "Exports and International Logistics*." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 75, no. 6 (August 8, 2012): 855–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2012.00715.x.
Full text
23
Chaudhri, Radhika. "Animal Welfare and the Wto: The Legality and Implications of Live Export Restrictions under International Trade Law." Federal Law Review 42, no. 2 (June 2014): 279–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.42.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
In Australia, controversial incidents regarding the treatment of live animals exported from Australia spark regular debate on whether the live export trade should be banned or more tightly regulated. Government responses to public outcry often take the form of restrictions on the trade of the animals concerned, but the legality of unilateral measures of this kind is yet to be directly considered by the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body. This article examines the legality of imposing restrictions on live export under the international trade law regime set up by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (‘GATT’),1 and in particular, whether such measures could be justified under Article XX. In exploring this question, special attention is given to the Australian government's new regulatory framework, as introduced by the Export Control (Animals) Amendment Order 2012 (No 1), which imposes an exporter supply chain assurance obligation on Australian suppliers. In addition, in light of the continued calls from animal welfare groups to ban the trade entirely, the legality of a complete moratorium on live exports will also be considered. Although the exceptions in Articles XX(b) and XX(g) of the GATT appear to be relevant to live exports, ultimately any regulation might be best supported under the ‘public morals’ exception in Article XX(a). However, care will need to be taken in the design of any restriction to avoid breaching the strict chapeau requirements of Article XX.
24
Priambodo, Dhimas Akbar, Ahmad Zafrullah Tn, and Bambang Budiarto. "PERKEMBANGAN EKSPOR NON-MIGAS PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR PERIODE 2013-2017." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 23, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v23i2.2013.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to analyze the development of non-oil and gas exports in East Java Province, seen from the value of non-oil exports and the 10 main commodities of non-oil and gas exports over a period of 5 years (2013-2017) and also seen from the intense competition in the international market. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that describes the conditions of non-oil export in East Java Province. The data used in this study are East Java Province non-oil and gas export data from 2013 to 2017 obtained from existing sources, such as government agencies and various literatures. The results showed that the development of East Java province’s non-oiland gas exports in the 2013-2017 period showed a large increase, as did the exports of the 10 main non-oil and gas export commodities also tended to increase for 5 years. The obstacles that occur in the non-oil exports of East Java Province are mostly due to the sluggish international market and other obstacles that occur in the export areas of East Java Province. Opportunities to increase non-oil and gas exports can be done by maximizing natural resources and human resources as well as government policies of East Java Province.
25
Girsang, Lisbeth, Ketut Sukiyono, and Putri Suci Asriani. "EXPORT DEMAND FOR INDONESIA'S CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) TO PAKISTAN: APPLICATION OF ERROR CORRECTION MODEL." AGRITROPICA : Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 16, 2018): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agritropica.1.2.68-77.
Full textAbstract:
Crude Palm Oil is one of the agricultural export commodities which become a contributor of foreign exchange which is exported to Pakistan continuously but fluctuated from the year 1973 to 2016. The purpose of this study consisted of two things; the first is to identify the factors that influence the demand for Indonesia's CPO exports to Pakistan. The second is to analyze the relationship between the production of CPO, the international and domestic price of CPO, and the exchange rate of Rupiah toward the volume of Indonesian CPO exports to Pakistan both in the long and in the short term of time. This study used time series data (1973-2016). The analytical method used in this study was Error correction model (ECM) to examine the correlation of variables: Indonesian CPO production, the international and domestic price of CPO, the international price of coconut oil, the international price of soybean oil, Pakistan’s GDP per capita, the inflation in Pakistan, and the exchange rate of Rupiah toward the export variable of Indonesian CPO to Pakistan by using software E-Views 6.0. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the factor affecting the short-term demand of Indonesia's CPO exports to Pakistan is the international price of CPO which has a significant negative correlation, while the factor affecting long-term demand is the exchange rate of Rupiah toward the US$ which has a significant positive correlation. There is no correlation between both Indonesian CPO production and domestic price of CPO toward Indonesia's CPO exports to Pakistan both in the short and in the long term.
26
ERMOLAEV, Kirill A., and Shokhrukh E. ERMATOV. "Evaluating the potential for growth in high-tech exports from Russia." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 940–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.5.940.
Full textAbstract:
Subject. The article discusses exports of high-tech products manufactured by the Russian enterprises. Objectives. We outline an approach to evaluating the potential for high-tech exports. Methods. To identify the export potential, we referred to statistical data on the dynamics of high-tech exports and integral indicators of international trade, including the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). The export potential was quantified by assessing the Export Potential Indicator (EPI) with the International Trade Center (ITC) technique, which is based on modern statistical models, including the gravitational model of international trade. To interpret the results, we compared and adjusted then with respect to external macroeconomic factors and domestic national policy, including the analysis of the return on governmental funds invested in export. Results. We analyzed the current dynamics of high-tech exports and imports in Russia, scrutinized indicators of export and import of electrical machines, equipment and pharmaceuticals. We determined the principal trade partners of Russia for the above group of commodities. We evaluated Russia’s export potential for the above categories and spotlighted priority countries for further trade cooperation. The article indicates whether governmental support is sufficient for unfolding the export potential. Conclusions and Relevance. The way we suggest evaluating the potential for high-tech exports allows to determine the most promising sectors in terms of locked export potential, quantify the export potential and, finally, set up limitations or targets so that it would be possible to assess the adequacy of governmental programs and enhance them and choose export support actions.
27
Khaliqi, Muhammad, Amzul Rifin, and Andriyono Kilat Adhi. "Trade Effect of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) on Indonesia's Shrimp Export." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 1, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v1i2.313.
Full textAbstract:
The development of the implementation of non-tariff measure policy, in the world market which has a trend, increased every year. There are seven (7) NTM policies mostly implemented in the international market. The most policy application is the implementation of Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phytosanitary. Agricultural commodities both vegetables and live animal products are commodities mostly become subject to NTM policy in the form of SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary) and TBT (Technical Barriers on Trade) in the international market. Indonesia as an agricultural country that has advantages in agriculture and fisheries cannot avoid the implementation of SPS and TBT policies. This research was aimed to analyze the effect of SPS and TBT on Indonesia’s shrimp export using the gravity model. The results showed that the GDP of exporters and the exchange rate have negative influences on Indonesia’s shrimp exports. Meanwhile, the GDP of the importers and trade cost have positive influences on the export of shrimp Indonesia. while the SPS policy and TBT don’t affect Indonesia's exports of shrimp in the international market. This indicates that Indonesian shrimp exporters are able to quickly adjust the SPS and TBT policies applied by importing countries.
28
Halevi, Nadav. "Export Shares and Relative Export Affinities of Goods and Services of European OECD Countries, 2007." Global Economy Journal 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2015): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2014-0036.
Full textAbstract:
Using recent Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data on bilateral exports of services and International Monetary Fund (IMF) data on bilateral exports of goods, this paper compares goods and services as regards export proportions and relative export affinity for 20 OECD countries in 2007. It finds great diversity in bilateral exports of both goods and services and between countries. Whereas the 20 countries as a region have significant relative affinity in both types of exports, most countries have strong relations with only particular partners in the region, and even export aversion with others. If minimal diffusion is used as an indicator of regional integration, there is little such internal integration in the European OECD countries in exports of goods and less of services.
29
Darman, Darman. "Perdagangan Luar Negeri Indonesia-Amerika Serikat." Binus Business Review 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 742–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v4i2.1390.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to identify and analyze: how international trade relations are between Indonesia and the United States, especially in the export-import of goods, particularly non-oil exports; how the value is obtained from the export-import of goods between Indonesia-United States, whether Indonesian exports to the United States greater than Indonesian import from the United States; who gets the surplus of trade between the two countries; and how big the export-import growth rate is, whether Indonesia tends to become exporter or importer. Data used in this study were a time series of the year 2008-2012. The analytical method used was the growth formula and Trade Specialization Index. Based on the trade balance, the value of Indonesian exports, both oil and non-oil, the United States has a surplus and vice versa. In other words, the United States includes a country of Indonesia's main export, in addition to Japan and China. Value of Trade Specialization Index for both oil and non-oil exports is positive above 0 to 1, then the oil and non-oil commodities have strong competitiveness. Indonesia is likely as a means exporter of the commodity. However, based on 10 major Indonesian export commodities to the United States, as the largest foreign exchange earner for textile examples and textile products, footwear industries, electronic products, furniture, as well as horticultural commodities, is threatened lethargic, because shutdown policy decisions on the government services were feared to reduce consumption of the American people’s imported products.
30
Mario, Muhammad Indra. "UPAYA PENINGKATAN EKSPOR NON MIGAS JAWA TIMUR PERIODE 2010-2011." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 21, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v21i1.1635.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the measures that can be done to increase non-oil exports of East Java 2010-2011 period, either through the creation of a variety of export products and expand export destinations, particularly to the Middle East and Africa. Some non-oil export commodities is a mainstay of East Java is copper, organic chemicals, paper / carbon, plywood, shrimp, textiles, footwear, coffee, paper, and tobacco. Non-oil export development strategy of East Java is based on the SWOT analysis, which is preparing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The existence of the Tanjung Perak Surabaya and Sidoarjo Juanda Airport is the main force to boost exports, as well as the export share has exceeded 200 export destinations with 3000 items. Further basic weaknesses which are not memilii ISO and eco labeling, as well as the human resources that are less qualifid. Non-oil exports to the East Java there are still considerable opportunities for increased, including exhibitions abroad funded the Central Government and the Provincial Government of East Java, including education and training activities and free export periodically organized by the Department of Industry and Trade East Java Province. Threats faced by exporters in East Java is the competition in the international market is getting tougher and other rules are getting heavier. Based on the SWOT analysis, the strategy can be used to improve the non-oil export in East Java is to optimize the market potential that exists in other provinces, such as the province of South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, and South Sumatra. Furthermore, actively pursue international exhibitions, both in Jakarta, as well as other countries. Another strategy is to create efficienc, effectiveness, and productivity in the production process in order to compete in the international market.
31
Doroshenko, Tatiana, and Svitlana Shybirina. "Analysis of export potential of ukraine in the context of european integration." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 24 (April 24, 2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.24.2021.4.
Full textAbstract:
European integration opens wide opportunities for Ukraine to cooperate with developed European countries, strengthening its position in the international arena. Export potential is the potential ability of a country to export goods or services. Exports of goods and services to EU countries in 2020 were $ 21.9 billion (37.1% of total exports), including exports of goods – $ 18.6 billion, exports of services – $ 3.3 billion. Compared to 2019, exports of goods to EU countries de- creased by $ 2.1 billion (10.3%). The export structure is dominated by agriculture products, the food industry (35%), and the metallurgical complex (16.7%). The greatest exporters of Ukrainian goods were the following EU countries: Poland ($ 3.3 billion or 6.71% of total exports of goods), Germany ($ 2.1 billion or 4.27%), Italy ($ 1.9 billion or 3, 86%), the Netherlands ($ 1.8 billion or 3.66%), Hungary ($ 1.3 billion or 2.64%), Romania ($ 1.1 billion or 2.24%). The analysis of the export potential of Ukraine shows the raw material structure of exports. Integration into the EU market as a raw material supplement is dangerous for the country because it can consolidate technological dependence on developed countries. Increasing the share of goods with a high level of processing increase the stability of export income. Promising areas of exporting activity are science-intensive industries: electronics, production of automation, technical means for non-traditional types of energy, new types of materials, biotechnology, etc. To transition Ukraine to the exporting of knowledge-intensive innovative products and successfully enter world markets, the Export Strategy of Ukraine (Roadmap for Strategic Trade Development) has been developed, which identifies the following promising sectors: information and communication technologies, software development, creative services, tourism, maintenance and repair of aircraft, production of spare parts and components for the aerospace and aviation industries, mechanical engineering, food industry. Sectors are grouped into clusters. An individual sectoral strategy is developed for each sector. Key words: export, export potential, European integration, goods, competitive advantages, market, sector.
32
Wang, Chia Nan, and Anh Phuong Le. "Application in International Market Selection for the Export of Goods: A Case Study in Vietnam." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 4621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124621.
Full textAbstract:
International market selection for conducting exports is based on various trade and economic factors. It is very important to understand how to efficiently trade with another country and to maintain consistency. However, such a consistency is not possible in the case of economics. Therefore, using an efficiency measure helps us to explore and benchmark a country’s exportation businesses. The main goal of this study is to develop an integrated data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to explore the most productive manner through which Vietnam exports goods to other countries. Exploring the most productive export business will help us achieve another goal of this study, which is the selection of international market efficiencies. The variables used for this analysis include the exports, total exports, import tariff, dollar exchange, and the ease of doing business. Based on the data collected from an international organization, on the 15 leading export markets in Vietnam, this study applied integrated DEA, which combines the super slack-based measure (Super SBM) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) analysis to evaluate the export market efficiency. The findings show that for the selection of the export market, the three countries that were the most consistently efficient during 2014–2017 were Malaysia, Singapore, and the United States. This study indicates that the selection of international markets for developing countries should comply with low tariff rates, low exchange rates, and a higher ease of doing business in order to improve the gross domestic product (GDP) and economy of the country.
33
Białowąs, Tomasz. "Znaczenie korporacji międzynarodowych w eksporcie towarowym Polski na tle państw Europy Środkowej w latach 2004–2018." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 17, no. 1 (December 2019): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2019.1.12.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the article is the assessment of the impact of international corporations’ activities on the development of Polish commodity exports against the background of Central European countries in 2004–2018. The detailed analysis covers changes in the value, dynamics, product and geographical structure of exports, the importance of foreign subsidiaries of international corporations in creating export potential and the share of foreign value added in gross exports. The conducted analysis showed a high degree of dependence of Polish exports, as well as those of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia on the operations of foreign subsidiaries of international corporations. Their share in the total exports exceeded 50% during the analyzed period, and 85% in the exports of cars and trucks, pharmaceuticals, tobacco products, computers, electronic and optical devices. An important factor in the development of exports is the phenomenon of international fragmentation of production processes. It causes an increase in trade turnover in subassemblies and intermediate goods. We can estimate the scale of production fragmentation by measuring the share of foreign value added in gross exports. The highest share of foreign value added occurred in the exports of Hungary and Slovakia and exceeded 40%. In Poland, foreign value added accounted for around 27% of gross exports. In all analyzed countries, foreign value added came mainly from the European Union countries, especially from Germany. In recent years, the share of intermediate goods imported from China has also been growing.
34
S, KANAKA, and CHINADURAI M. "A study of comparative advantage of indian agricultural exports." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2012): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2012.19.
Full textAbstract:
Recent developments in the international trade scenario and corresponding alterations in India’s foreign trade policies have depicted far reaching implications for India’s agricultural sector in general and agricultural exports in particular. The present study has ascertained the changes in comparative advantage status of India’s major agricultural exports during the postreforms period (1994-95 to 2008-09). India had enjoyed a comparative advantage in tea exports but had depicted a declining trend over the years. A similar pattern had been observed in coffee exports also, where India had been found losing its comparative advantage to other world coffee exporters. An unstable pattern of comparative advantage had been observed in the case of rice exports with intermittent ups and downs in the status. A gradual decline in India’s comparative advantage had been depicted for exports of sugar and cashew also.As opposed to other commodities, India had strengthened its position in the global markets in exports of Ground nut. But as far as the exports of fresh fruits and fresh vegetables are concerned, India cannot boast to have a comparative advantage. India has been found losing out its comparative advantage in export of some of the agricultural commodities to world during the period after economic reforms.
35
Marchant, Mary A., and Baohui Song. "Assessment of Biotechnology Policies and International Trade in Key Markets for U.S. Agriculture." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 37, no. 2 (August 2005): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800006854.
Full textAbstract:
The United States leads the world in agricultural biotechnology research, adoption, commercialization, and exports. Our biotech commodities are highly dependent on international markets. Thus, any biotech policy changes by key importing countries may affect U.S. agricultural biotech product exports. This article identifies key markets for U.S. agricultural exports including biotech commodities and discusses current and proposed biotech policies in key markets for U.S. agricultural exports focusing on Canada, Mexico, Japan, the European Union (EU), and China. Among these markets, labeling of biotech products is voluntary in Canada and Mexico but is mandatory in Japan, the EU, and, most recently, in China. For the EU, U.S. corn exports were almost completely shut out, while U.S. soybean exports also declined because of the EU's biotech policies. The World Trade Organization dispute filed by the United States has yet to be finalized. China's biotech regulations raised concern by U.S. agricultural exporters. However, through U.S. Department of Agriculture education programs, U.S.–China negotiations, and China's domestic soybean shortage, China's biotech regulations do not appear to have had long-run impacts on U.S. soybean exports to China.
36
Egoro A., Stephen, and Obah Daddy Obah. "The Impact of International Trade on Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Econometric Analysis." Asian Finance & Banking Review 1, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/asfbr.v1i1.3.
Full textAbstract:
The study examines the effect of international trade on the economic growth of Nigeria from 1981 to 2015. The model specified economic growth measured by gross domestic product as dependent on international trade proxy by non-oil imports, oil imports, Non-oil exports, and oil exports. Secondary data was adopted and sourced from CBN statistical bulletin. Multiple regression estimation techniques with the aid of E-view version 9 was used to analyze the effects of international trade on the economic growth of Nigeria. It was evidenced that international trade has a significant positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria. The study recommends that government should reduce over-dependence on oil exports and increase and diversify its export base to earn more revenue.
37
Sun, Ying, and Wenjing Ouyang. "International Standards For Exporting Firms: Evidence From China." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 6 (October 30, 2014): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i6.8946.
Full textAbstract:
The existing literature provides mixed evidence of the impact of ISO 9000 international standards on country level export growth. Since it is costly to adopt the international standards, it is important to understand how these standards increase exports at the firm level. This paper examines the effect of ISO 9000 standards on firm-level export growth in China, which of all countries has the highest number of firms adopting ISO 9000 standards. With the assortative matching methodology, we first examine the factors related to the choice of applying for the certification. After controlling for this endogeneity issue, our results show that obtaining ISO 9000 standards significantly increases firm exports. Furthermore, we find low-tech firms and non-state-owned enterprises are more likely to benefit from adopting the standards. Overall, our study provides important guidelines for firms applying for the international quality standards.
38
Alam, Shaista, Qazi Masood Ahmed, and Muhammad Shahbaz. "The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Pakistan’s Bilateral Exports to Major Recipients." Global Business Review 19, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713539.
Full textAbstract:
The dynamic relationship between bilateral exports demand for Pakistan and exchange rate volatility as well as some selected explanatory variables with six major trading partners’ countries, namely, USA, UK, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Germany and UAE, has been examined during 1982Q1 to 2013Q2. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach suggests a stable long-run relationship among selected explanatory variables over the sample period from Pakistan’s bilateral exports to each of its chosen trading partner except Japan. The result suggests that exchange rate volatility adversely affects the demand for Pakistani exports to USA but it positively affects demand for Pakistani exports to Germany in the long run. The short-run causality analysis of ARDL demonstrates that exchange rate volatility causes demand for Pakistani exports in USA and UK adversely, while in case of Germany it causes positively. For Saudi Arabia and UAE, real effective exchange rate volatility does not affect demand for Pakistani exports in the short run as well as in the long run. The study concludes that different export elasticities for different export recipient countries derived in the present study suggest that a single trade policy will not provide a solution to improve country’s external trade sector.
39
Goldberg, Stephen R., and Joseph H. Godwin. "International auditing and managing exports." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 14, no. 6 (August 14, 2003): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.10203.
Full text
40
Márquez, Orlando, Ricardo Cosio Borda, Fernando Marquez, and Liz Robladillo. "Production and export of peruvian mandarin to the russian federation market, as a business opportunity, period 2013-2017." Journal of Global Management Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32829/gms.v1i1.60.
Full textAbstract:
The production and export of Peruvian mandarin to the market of the Russian Federation has been presented as a business opportunity due to the veto of that country to European imports as well as to the mandarin produced in Turkey, allowing a rise in exports, for example, in 2011 was exported 1,742 MT to increase 2017 to 6,996 MT. For this reason, this work aims to study the relationship between the production and export of Peruvian mandarin to the Russian market, as a business opportunity, 2013-2017 period, in addition to analyzing the constraints for the development of international business. The investigation took as population all the elements of the production and export of Peruvian mandarin in the period 2013-2017, from which was extracted the sample of the ordered and systematized quantitative data published by diverse organisms, like: TRADEMAP, MINAGRI, CCL, AGRO DATA PERU, MINCETUR by means of a random sampling that had as unit of analysis each metric ton produced and exported and the value FOB US$ of the export. In general, the results show some competitive advantages and favorable conditions, such as: the seasonality of production, the relative increase of hectares for production, domestic and international market demand, a rise in relative production, the favorable evolution in exports during the last five years where the increase in shipments to Russia is located (+170%).
41
Thome, Karim Marini, and Vitoria A. Leal Paiva. "Sparkling Wine International Market Structure and Competitiveness." Wine Economics and Policy 9, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/web-8433.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to analyse the Sparkling Wine international market structure and competitiveness, focusing on the 2004–2018 period. It used the data regarding exports and imports of sparkling wine available in the International Trade Centre’s Trade Map database. The method used to examine sparkling wine’s international market structure and competitiveness consisted of calculation of: (i) Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA); (ii) Relative Position in the Market (RPM); (iii) Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI); and (iv) Net Export Index (NEI). The paper analyses the growth of the sparkling wine trade worldwide. It demonstrated that France had the greatest relative position in the market, followed by Italy and Spain. This same sequence was found in the revealed comparative advantage, highlighting the increased Italian export level. A high export market structure concentration was also shown. On the other hand, there was an unconcentrated import market structure, and, according to the NEI, it was possible to identify three groups composed of actors who were stable in terms of: i) exports based on domestic production (France, Italy and Spain); ii) trade, reflecting re-export (Singapore and the Netherlands); iii) imports, with strong domestic consumption (Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Australia, and Belgium).
42
Kraciński, Paweł. "Pozycja konkurencyjna Polski na światowym rynku zagęszczonego soku jabłkowego." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 121 (April 2, 2018): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2018.121.5.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to establish the competitive position of Poland on the market of apple juice concentrate in the years 2004–20015 and compare it with the position of competitors. The research used the trade balance, share in the word exports, revealed comparative advantage index (RCA) and revealed comparative export advantage index (XRCA). In the analyzed period Poland was the second biggest exporter of apple juice concentrate in the world, preceded only by China. The applied measures showed that export from Poland was competitive. The trade balance of apple juice concentrate from Poland increased in the years 2004–2015. In the analyzed period Poland’s share in international export increased as well. The revealed comparative export advantage index showed that in years 2004–2015 Poland had an average and strong comparative advantage in apple juice concentrate exports, while China’s comparative advantage was strong. The strongest comparative advantage in years 2013–2015 was obtained by Moldova and Ukraine.
43
Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen, Scott W. Hegerty, and Jia Xu. "Exchange-Rate Volatility and Industry Trade Between Japan and China." Global Economy Journal 12, no. 3 (August 17, 2012): 1850268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1855.
Full textAbstract:
Exchange-rate risk is often thought to reduce international trade flows, but numerous theoretical and empirical analyses have pointed toward positive as well as negative effects. This is particularly true when bilateral trade flows for individual industries are estimated. In this study, we extend the literature to the case of Japanese trade with China for 110 import industries and 95 export industries. Aggregate Japanese exports, but not imports, respond to real exchange rate volatility in the long run, while most individual export and import industries respond in the short run. Although many individual Japanese import industries are affected in the long run by risk, mostly negatively, this is even more the case for exporters. A larger proportion of Japanese export industries are affected by exchange rate uncertainty for most industry sectors. Manufacturing exports are particularly vulnerable to this risk, with a large share responding negatively to increased volatility.
44
Montanía, Claudia V., Teresa Fernández-Núñez, and Miguel A. Márquez. "The role of the leading exporters in the global soybean trade." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 67, No. 7 (July 14, 2021): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/433/2020-agricecon.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the global soybean market in a holistic way, analyses the land use and other historical determinants of soybean exports, such as labour and capital endowments, soybean productivity, international prices and demand conditions through an empirical model. In addition, it pays particular attention to the role of leading exporters in the export changes and the nature of the connections between them in an interrelated system. The results suggest that the productivity per hectare and the land used to harvest soybeans are the main factors explaining soybean exports in a global context. The analysis also reveals that Brazil, the current market leader, positively influences the other exporters. On the contrary, minor exporters such as Ukraine, Paraguay, or Canada present competitive relationships with the major exporters. The nature of the relationships between the exporters and the pressure on natural resources highlight the importance of government involvement in developing joint strategies that ensure the growth of this sector and the achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
45
Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre, Süleyman Hilmi Kal, and Huzeyfe Torun. "Do subsidised export loans increase exports?" World Economy 41, no. 8 (November 3, 2017): 2200–2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12580.
Full text
46
Stańko, Stanisław, and Aneta Mikuła. "Tendencje na rynku mięsa wieprzowego na świecie i w Polsce w latach 2000-2016." Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 104, no. 3 (December 18, 2017): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/rnr.2017.104.3.21.
Full textAbstract:
The study presents changes in the world pork market and in Poland in the years 2000-2016. Changes in the main producers and consumers, as well as exporters and importers were presented. The major global producers of pork are China, the EU, USA, Brazil, Russia and Vietnam, which in 2016 produced 88.2% of total world production. In the world’s major pork producers (except China), consumption growth was slower than production growth, which increased their export capacity. In the years 2000-2016, the growth rate of international trade was higher than production, what led to an increase in the share of exports in production. Global pork exports is characterized by a large and growing concentration rate. In 2016, 37.6% of exports came from the EU, 28.5% from the USA, 15.9% from Canada and 10% from Brazil (total 92% of exports). World pork imports were characterized by a much greater dispersion than exports. Pork prices have shown an upward trend. In Poland there was a downward trend in pork production and growth in consumption, which caused that since 2008 Poland is a net importer of pork. Poland will remain a net importer of pork in the medium term.
47
Chugunova, Alexandra V., and Olga A. Klochko. "Relationship between Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and International Trade: The Case of Russian Pharmaceutical Industry." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2020-1(88)-81-94.
Full textAbstract:
This research studies the relationship of cross-border mergers and acquisitions to international trade through the lens of Russian pharmaceutical market. To this aim, the study analyses the woks of foreign economists dedicated to evaluating the link between foreign direct investment and international trade, and the influence of mergers and acquisitions on countries’ export and import flows. The research also presents a correlation analysis between the volume of Russian pharmaceutical exports and imports and cross-border deals performed by foreign pharmaceutical companies in Russia. We characterize these deals and conduct a comparative analysis of the regional structure of Russian pharmaceutical exports and imports as well as of the countries of origin of buyers in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The results of the analysis indicate a positive relationship between cross-border mergers and acquisitions and Russian pharmaceutical exports, which is reflected in the export volume growth and its geographical diversification. However, it is outlined that particular problems of the industry hinder the amelioration of Russian positions in international exports. Similarly, the relationship between cross-border deals and Russian imports is positive: the major pharmaceutical products supply flow occurs from the countries of origin of buyers in cross-border mergers and acquisitions conducted in the Russian pharmaceutical sector.
48
TOKARICK, STEPHEN. "How large is the bias against exports from import tariffs?" World Trade Review 6, no. 2 (July 2007): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745607003229.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOne goal that both developed and developing countries share is to increase their export earnings. To do this, countries sometimes resort to various export promotion schemes or request ‘special and differential treatment’ for their exports. However, countries have not fully embraced the notion that their own import tariffs act as a tax on their exports. That is, import protection frustrates their goal of increasing exports. This paper presents quantitative estimates of the extent to which import tariffs discourage exports. The results show that for some countries the bias imparted by tariffs is substantial. Therefore, reducing import tariffs is one way to improve export incentives.
49
Fuller, Stephen, Tun-Hsiang Yu, Luis Fellin, Alejandro Lalor, and Ricardo Krajewski. "Transportation Developments in South America and Their Effect on International Agricultural Competitiveness." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1820, no. 1 (January 2003): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1820-08.
Full textAbstract:
Argentina and Brazil have emerged as major U.S. competitors in world grain markets. The effect of recent and planned transportation infrastructure improvements on their international competitiveness is to be determined. Existing and planned transportation system improvements in South America that increase transportation and logistical efficiency on export-grain corridors are identified, and with the use of spatial models of the international corn and soybean economies, the effect of the enhanced transportation efficiency on international competitiveness is evaluated. Results show that the transportation system improvements yield noteworthy gains in South America, with producer revenues increasing by more than $1 billion per year and annual exports increasing by 3.3 million metric tons. As a result of South America’s improved transportation infrastructure and its increased exports, world grain prices decline and projected exports and producer revenues in the United States are reduced.
50
Appiah, Kenneth, Collins Osei, Habte Selassie, and Ellis Osabutey. "The role of government and the international competitiveness of SMEs." critical perspectives on international business 15, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 296–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-06-2018-0049.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The nature of international markets and the challenges with respect to the competitiveness of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) makes it imperative to examine government support. This study aims to assess the role and effectiveness of government and the export promotion agencies in supporting exports by non-traditional horticultural SMEs in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study used a qualitative research design, which involved semi-structured interviews with senior managers of six export facilitating institutions to gain an understanding of the services offered to SMEs with respect to exports of non-traditional horticultural products. Findings The findings reveal inadequate cost-efficient sources of non-traditional horticultural export financing for SMEs. This is a hindrance to the international competitiveness of exporting SMEs in developing countries such as Ghana. In addition, effective and coordinated support from export promotion agencies was found to be critical. Originality/value The study highlights the importance of government’s role in policymaking and implementation of export-led programmes for horticultural exporting firms in Ghana. Despite their strategic importance, this area of research has not attracted the attention of researchers, with little or no information on the horticultural international competitiveness of non-traditional horticultural products.