Journal articles on the topic 'International economic structure'
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1
Mäkelä, Marjukka, and Harri Sintonen. "STRUCTURE FOR ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 29, no. 2 (April 2013): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462313000172.
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Guidelines for reporting economic evaluations in health care are very welcome. A task force of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research has organized a two-round, modified Delphi Panel process to compile a set of recommendations for reporting Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards. The result is a 24-item checklist with the friendly acronym CHEERS (1), published in this issue of the International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care.
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Goodall, Chris. "Multinational enterprises, economic structure and international competitiveness." International Affairs 62, no. 4 (1986): 668–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618583.
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Buckley, Peter J., and John H. Dunning. "Multinational Enterprises, Economic Structure and International Competitiveness." Economic Journal 96, no. 384 (December 1986): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233185.
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Wolf, Bernard M., and John H. Dunning. "Multinational Enterprises, Economic Structure and International Competitiveness." Canadian Journal of Economics 20, no. 2 (May 1987): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135382.
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Graham, Edward M. "Multinational Enterprises, Economic Structure and International Competitiveness." Journal of International Business Studies 18, no. 3 (September 1987): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.1987.38.
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Guerrieri, Paolo, and Pier Carlo Padoan. "Neomercantilism and international economic stability." International Organization 40, no. 1 (1986): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830000446x.
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In a recent paper, Barry Buzan disputes the widespread theory that associates a liberal international economic structure positively, and a mercantilist structure negatively, with international security. We do not take issue with Buzan's arguments on this point; rather we disagree with some of his assumptions concerning the relationship between mercantilistic policies and the international economic order. Those of Buzan's points that we question represent generally accepted views in the literature on mercantilismBuzan's definition of mercantilism focuses essentially if not exclusively on protectionist trade policies. We prefer a more general definition based on Keynesian and post-Keynesian literature. By including the macroeconomic goals of neomercantilism, this definition accounts for a country's foreign economic policy.
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Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa. "Exploring economic structure and drivers of economic growth in Botswana." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c6_p1.
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This article set out to analyse the economic structure and main economic drivers in Botswana. Botswana, a country in sub-Saharan Africa, is a relatively small economy, hugely dependent on its diamond mineral wealth. Concerns have arisen in recent years that the diamond deposits will soon be depleted and the country therefore needs to embark on a diversification programme to broaden its economic base. In order to understand the Botswana economy, its economic structure and current domestic sectorial performance were evaluated, as well as its trends in imports and exports. An analysis of the data shows that, regardless of the awareness of the sensitivity to external shocks of commodity prices, as well as the obvious future depletion of diamond reserves, the Botswana economy continues to rely on diamonds, at the expense of attracting international capital flows to enhance and maintain sustainable economic growth, through investments in agriculture, manufacturing and tourism. It is therefore recommended that the Government of Botswana becomes proactive and implements recommended policies to diversify its economy, so that it can sustain or improve its economic growth by becoming a prime destination of international capital and domestic private sector investment, thereby increasing employment and trade opportunities.
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Bloom, David E., David Canning, Günther Fink, and Jocelyn E. Finlay. "Does age structure forecast economic growth?" International Journal of Forecasting 23, no. 4 (October 2007): 569–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2007.07.001.
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Webb, Michael C. "International economic structures, government interests, and international coordination of macroeconomic adjustment policies." International Organization 45, no. 3 (1991): 309–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300033129.
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Analysts have commonly argued that there has been a decline in international coordination of the kinds of policies that governments can use to manage the international payments imbalances that emerge when different governments pursue different macroeconomic policies. The decline typically has been attributed to a posited decline in American hegemony. In contrast, this article argues that international coordination of macroeconomic adjustment policies (trade and capital controls, exchange rate policies, balance-of-payments financing, and monetary and fiscal policies) was at least as extensive for much of the 1980s as it had been in the 1960s. There was, however, a shift away from coordination of balance-of-payments financing and other policies that have limited direct consequences for domestic economic and political conditions and a concurrent shift toward coordination of monetary and fiscal policies that are critically important for domestic politics and economics. This change is best explained as a consequence of changes in the structure of the international economy. Most important, international capital market integration encouraged governments to coordinate monetary and fiscal policies because balance-of-payments financing and exchange rate coordination alone are insufficient to manage the enormous payments imbalances that emerge when capital is able to flow internationally in search of higher interest rates and appreciating currencies.
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Condon, B. J. "Treaty Structure and Public Interest Regulation in International Economic Law." Journal of International Economic Law 17, no. 2 (May 24, 2014): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgu016.
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Crews, Douglas E., and Anthony J. Lawson. "International migration, population structure and economic development in American Samoa." Migration and Development 4, no. 1 (September 22, 2014): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2014.949701.
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Lee, Sang-Hyop, and Andrew Mason. "International Migration, Population Age Structure and Economic Growth in Asia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719681102000204.
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Bracker, Kevin, and Paul D. Koch. "Economic determinants of the correlation structure across international equity markets." Journal of Economics and Business 51, no. 6 (November 1999): 443–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-6195(99)00021-1.
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Stanković, Vladan, Gordana Mrdak, and Miloš Miljković. "Economic-legal analysis of international investments." Oditor 6, no. 3 (2020): 89–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oditor2003089s.
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The subject of this paper is an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of international investments - foreign direct investment (FDI) with a brief overview of the Republic of Serbia and its level and structure of FDI. Foreign direct investment is an important factor in development, especially in developing countries and countries in transition. Countries in transition, which includes Serbia and all Western Balkan countries feel a lack of capital, so it is important for them to fill the gap with foreign direct investment. For countries with current account deficits, FDI is used to increase exports and alleviate current account deficit problems. Based on experience and theoretical consideration, the paper points out the necessity of changes in our business environment, in order for Serbia to use foreign direct investments (with all its negative characteristics) which can and must give a special contribution and impetus to its economic growth.
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Ivanova, Virginia. "The economic specialization – a factor for the international competitiveness of Bulgaria." Economic Thought journal 66, no. 6 (December 20, 2021): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56497/etj2166608.
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The dynamics of trade flows has a strong impact on the development of Bulgaria's economic specialisation and is an important condition for strengthening its competitive position. Changes in international business, conditioned by the development of global value chains, define a new structure of industries and of export and import potential, and this leads to the conclusion of regional trade agreements that challenge national competitiveness. It is the great importance of these problems for the future foreign economic relations of our country and the ways of finding solutions that provoked the research interest of the authors of the recently published book "Bulgaria in International Economic Specialization" (see Panushev, Hristova-Balkanska, Hubenova-Delisivkova, Marinov, Stefanova, 2021). Carried out within the framework of the research programme of the Institute of Economic Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the study presents the changes in theoretical concepts and models of international specialisation, Bulgaria's place in the structure of trade flows and approaches to assessing economic specialisation. The authors focus on regional economic structures and internationally defined patterns of specialization, which are the basis for national and firm strategy and policy building. The book explores the conceptual approaches of classical and contemporary theories of international trade and their interpretation in assessing changes in the world economy. It analyses the changes in Bulgaria's international specialisation, influenced by our inclusion in the common framework of the single European market, which intensifies competition between EU member states and leads to a restructuring of firms' activities. This also determines the changes in both intra-industry trade and trade with third countries. The authors point out that international specialisation based on international technological differences will create modern competitive advantages for Bulgaria and contribute to its inclusion in global value chains. The challenge for Bulgarian firms is partnership with European companies and "the distribution of productivity gains depending on and resulting from technological progress in Bulgarian production".
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Wang, Cheng-Ben, and Zhigang Huang. "Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Financial Structure on Innovation Based on the Fixed Effects Panel Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3022421.
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This study addresses the impact of financial structure on innovation. The mechanism of the impact of financial structure on innovation at different levels of economic development is elucidated from the perspective of optimal financial structure decision theory and development economics, and empirical evidence is provided using manufacturing data from 59 countries or regions for the period 1996–2015. The study finds that financial structure has no significant effect on innovation at lower levels of economic development, but at higher levels of economic development, market-based financial structure significantly promotes innovation in the industry. The role of financial structure in innovation shifts in the interval where per capita income is greater than 9747 International dollar (hereinafter called I$9747) and less than I$17070. This paper verifies that the innovation approach of technological imitation requires the support of a bank-based financial structure, while the innovation approach of independent innovation requires the support of a market-based financial structure. The differences in innovation approaches at different stages of economic development lead to the evolution of the inherent demand for financial structures in the economy. Promoting the evolution of financial structures according to the stage of economic development is of great significance in building an innovative country and leading the sustainable and healthy development of the economy.
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Kholopov, A. V. "Economic Studies." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-171-181.
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The establishment of the School of Economic Science at MGIMO was due to the necessity of the world economy research, and the need to prepare highly skilled specialists in international economics. The school is developing a number of areas, which reflect the Faculty structure. - Economic theory is one of the most important research areas, a kind of foundation of the School of Economic Science at MGIMO. Economic theory studies are carried out at the chair of Economic theory. "The course of economic theory" textbook was published in 1991, and later it was reprinted seven times. Over the past few years other textbooks and manuals have been published, including "Economics for Managers" by Professor S.N. Ivashkovskaya, which survived through five editions; "International Economics" - four editions and "History of Economic Thought" - three editions. - International Economic Relations are carried out by the Department of International Economic Relations and Foreign Economic Activity. Its establishment is associated with the prominent economist N.N. Lyubimov. In 1957 he with his colleagues published the first textbook on the subject which went through multiple republications. The editorial team of the textbook subsequently formed the pride of Soviet economic science - S.M. Menshikov, E.P. Pletnev, V.D. Schetinin. Since 2007, the chair of Foreign Economic Activities led by Doctor of Economics, Professor I. Platonova has been investigating the problems of improving the architecture of foreign economic network and the international competitiveness of Russia; - The history of the study of problems of the world economy at MGIMO begins in 1958 at the chair baring the same name. Since 1998, the department has been headed by Professor A. Bulatov; - The study of international monetary relations is based on the chair of International Finance, and is focused on addressing the fundamental scientific and practical problems; - The chair "Banks, monetary circulation and credit" was created in February 2012. It is head by Professor G.S. Panova. The members of the chair are experienced bank employees; - The field of practical application of research results in the field of accounting, statistics and auditing has been expanding in recent years. The research in the field is conducted at the synonymous chair; - An important direction of development of economic studies at MGIMO is a risk management and insurance. Established in 1993, the Department of Risk Management and Insurance is headed by Professor R.T. Yuldashev.
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Dergachova, Victoriia, Maryna Kravchenko, and Alexander Zgurovsky. "Econometric analysis of the structure and sustainability of Ukraine socio-economic system in the context of the economic systems theory." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4).2017.08.
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The article is devoted to the development of a conceptually new systemic structural approach to the study of sustainability of economic systems. The problem of ensuring sustainability of economic entities remains unsolved, largely due to the lack of the necessary methodology. In the article, the approach is shaped by new economic systems theory, which implies the division of all economic systems into types depending on their spatiotemporal localization. Applied research of socio-economic system of Ukraine in its context is implemented by econometric modeling using data mining techniques and by calculating the economic sustainability index using the author’s techniques. The indicators, announced by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, as well as the ranking and indexing results, presented by leading international organizations, are used as the parameters. Alternative hypothesis about preconditioning of economic sustainability of the macro-level system by the structural balance of its four subsystems with different spatial and temporal localization is confirmed. The results of modeling have shown a number of interesting, previously not formalized, patterns of the country’s development and have allowed to better understand the forming mechanism of its sustainability in different periods during 2000–2015. Both the methodology itself and the empirical results obtained on its basis open up a wide variety of perspectives of micro and macroeconomic analysis.
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Duan, Wenqi, Joseph David Madasi, Adnan Khurshid, and Dan Ma. "Industrial structure conditions economic resilience." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 183 (October 2022): 121944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121944.
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Sunigovets, Olga. "THE INFLUENCE OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ENTITIES." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-2-6.
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The purpose of the article is to generalize the existing views on ensuring the effectiveness of international business entities in the context of globalization trends and the implementation of the tasks of domestic companies to enter international markets. Systematization of problems of international business development on the basis of the research of the impact of structural aspects in ensuring economic development, with special emphasis on studying the development of the ownership structure of international business in the formation of the foundations of sustainable economic growth. Methodology. The study is based on comparing trends in the development of international business of countries, processing the results of studying the issues of the topic by domestic and foreign economists, domestic and foreign literature, statistical data, the results of analytical studies of rating agencies, international organizations. In the process of research, the method of theoretical generalization and comparison, and general scientific research methods were used, mainly, analysis, synthesis, abstraction. The information basis of the research consisted of the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of the theory of international business, international economic relations, international management, and international corporate governance of international business. The results of the research showed that the modern conditions for conducting international business were changing dynamically, which required the development of international business entities special improvement of existing approaches to management in accordance with the conditions of globalization, manifestation of innovative development and striving for openness as the best way of modern coexistence. The country’s position in the world economic system is determined by the structure of the economy. Practical implications. Thus, the structure of the economy determines the possibilities of economic development, the ownership structure is an important aspect in ensuring the efficiency of international business. In the context of globalization, corporate governance is seen as a tool for development and needs improvement for the enterprises to enter into international markets. The ownership structure is able to determine the innovative potential of enterprises in world markets. Value/originality. The identified current trends in the development of structural relationships of the economy based on the generalization of research on structural interdependencies in creating the preconditions for sustainable economic development allows to determine the basis for the actions of international business in the globalization and manifestations of innovative economy more objectively. The special value of the work lies in a more detailed study of the ownership structure in ensuring the efficiency of international business and the effects of globalization, which determines the main directions of improving Ukrainian enterprises, their organizational and legal forms of doing business to ensure compliance with international business principles and access to international markets.
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Slyusarenko, Kateryna, Irina Maksymova, and Anastasiia Beskrovna. "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF UKRAINE AND THE EU." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 30, no. 5 (October 29, 2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3007.
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Foreign trade relations between Ukraine and the EU are developing under the terms of the Association Agreement coming into force. The article presents both positive and negative sides. The dynamics of foreign trade between Ukraine and the EU countries is analyzed, Ukraine's export and import structure is represented, as well as the proposed priorities of the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union
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Duchesne, Érick, and Jean-Frédéric Morin. "Regional Trade and Economic Negotiations: Introduction." International Negotiation 18, no. 1 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341242.
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Abstract This special issue investigates the new landscape of regional trade and economic negotiations. Contributors to this issue propose innovative theories and models to tackle an increasingly intricate web of trade-related issues that confront modern-day negotiators. In particular, they explore the structure, process and regional-international nexus of international trade and economic negotiations.
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Dong, Rujin. "Economic Growth, Consumer Consumption and Industrial Structure." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v3i2.2235.
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Economic growth has been a topic of international concern and attention, and the article investigates the relationship between economic growth, resident consumption and industrial structure. Firstly, data from 31 provinces from 2011 to 2020 are selected as research samples to explore the role of resident consumption in promoting economic growth, and to show the pathway of the mediating effect of industrial structure in the influence of economic growth and resident consumption. Based on the research findings, relevant suggestions are made on how to make effective incentives for economic growth, how to promote industrial structure upgrading and how to promote resident consumption, taking into account the current situation of China's industrial structure and the problems existing in the process of economic development.
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Saxonhouse, Gary R. "What Does Japanese Trade Structure Tell Us About Japanese Trade Policy?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.7.3.21.
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Some argue foreign access to Japanese markets remains tightly controlled and that if Japan is to be a member in good standing of the international economic system, Japan must do more than just adhere to the formal rules of the GATT; Japan must show by the results of its international economic transactions that foreign access to its market is not tightly controlled. As this point of view is increasingly dominating American economic diplomacy with Japan, it is particularly important that its premise be examined. First I examine Japan's growth record and trade record. To the extent that Japan's trade performance is different, I explore whether the difference can legitimately be attributed to Japanese policies. This paper finds that neither the price behavior of Japanese firms nor the pattern and volume of what Japan imports or exports suggests that Japan's trade regime is different. Some of Japan's economic institutions may be distinctive but there is little evidence they produce outcomes which distort the international economic system. What remains to be explained is the conviction of so many that Japan is more a parasite than a pillar of the international economic system. The record of economic research directly and indirectly bearing on this issue does not support such a conclusion at all.
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Litzman, Marek, and Luděk Kouba. "How the Legal Environment Affects the Structure of Employment." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 2005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563062005.
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The quality of the institutional environment is considered a crucial determinant of economic growth. Low quality of the formal institutional environment can slow down economic development via various mechanisms described in the literature. The present paper will analyse formal institutional factors leading to the structure of employment that Murphy, Shleifer and Vishny (The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1991) found to be associated with lower rate of economic growth. They assumed that a high proportion of lawyers in the country may be associated with slower economic development. Thus, the aim of the paper is to examine some of the parameters of institutional environment that can lead to such a distribution. Results show that quality of law measured by the World Bank (Doing Business database) and the Corruption Perception Index obtained from Transparency International may have some explanatory abilities regarding the structure of employment.
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Tanasiichuk, Alona, Olha Hromova, Anastasiia Abdullaieva, Yulia Holovchuk, and Kateryna Sokoliuk. "Influence of Transformational Economic Processes on Marketing Management by an International Diversified Conglomerate Enterprise." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p448.
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In this article it is substantiated the necessity of radical changes study in the practice of domestic agricultural enterprises managing, creation of a new functional and organizational structure that will maximally facilitate the marketing strategy of business diversification by the agrarian enterprise of Ukraine. It is analyzed agrarian enterprises efficiency of activity under the conditions of the transformation processes, it is determined that the leaders of the domestic and world markets of agrarian products are agroholdings with a rigid management structure, and their marketing goals are a decisive factor while making choice of markets under the conditions of diversification activities. It is substantiated that the formation of an international diversified company of agrarian business provides equally to participating enterprises the use of common resources, redistribution of resources between structural units operating on one financial result, the possible loss of one enterprise is compensated by the profit of the group as a whole. Reformation of agrarian enterprises of Ukraine process is analyzed; in particular, in the case of farms in the context of international business diversification; it is determined the necessity of creating a new organizational structure of management by the agrarian enterprise. It is grounded the creation of a functional and organizational mechanism for an international diversified conglomerate enterprise activity in order to ensure the stability of its functioning under the conditions of the transformation processes.It is proposed a new structure of functional and organizational management an international diversified conglomerate company on the basis of the developed marketing mechanism of enterprise management under the conditions of international diversification. It is substantiated that in Ukraine, the formation of such new international diversified conglomerate enterprises from small enterprises, by grouping farms (which by their number in Ukraine is most) will provide a positive result from overcoming the grinding of domestic agrarian business, consolidation of the agrarian sector and creating the opportunity to benefit from the budget of Ukraine from international diversified conglomerate business structures. Keywords: transformational economic processes, international marketing, globalization, marketing management, international diversified conglomerate enterprise, business consolidation.
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Petrovic, Pero, and Zeljko Jovic. "Economic crisis impact on international financial institutions: The necessity for reforms." Medjunarodni problemi 65, no. 2 (2013): 160–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1302160p.
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The emergence and deepening of the global economic crisis is reflected in large part on the functioning of international financial institutions and their current structure. The long-term financial crisis has placed demands for decisive reform moves in the functioning and structure of the IMF, the World Bank Group and other global and regional financial institutions. This means that so far, the results of their policies have been inadequate and that their role is subject to critical observation finding an efficient performance of financial markets. The crisis has imposed the need to reform international financial institutions and the new global financial architecture. Changes in structure and their functioning should lead to the global economic stability. Members of the Euro zone are faced with a new attitude towards the international financial institutions and the International Monetary Fund, in particular. The proclaimed missions of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are clearly separated in theory, but with the passing of time, their activities have become increasingly intertwined, so that they often include a name - international financial institutions.
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Ortiz, Carlos Enrique Arroyo, and Elias Marques Viana Júnior. "Rare earth elements in the international economic scenario." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 67, no. 4 (December 2014): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672014670162.
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This article will focus on some relevant aspects of rare earths within the context of the mineral economy. It starts with a conceptual presentation of rare earths addressing both governmental actions, and the private sector. Then, briefly describes their chemical characteristics and their main applications. Finally, more emphasis will be given about some economic aspects: the supply chain structure, the mineral reserves, the production profile, the demand, supply and price analyses, both in the international and Brazilian contexts, and the exports and imports, highlighting China's participation in the rare earth market and concluding with the existence of a Chinese monopoly in the production of this product.
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Sui, Hong Guang, and Ting Hua Liu. "International Technology Diffusion and Economic Growth — A Theoretical Analysis on Market Structure." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1378.
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This paper analyzes equilibrium with perfect international technology diffusion. The authors argue that if there are no large countries, economic growth rate in the world will converge with perfect international technology diffusion; otherwise, economic growth rate in the world will converge to the large countries’. Moreover, we considered the effect of market structure on the diffusion. Market structure can influence the long-term equilibrium growth rate by influencing international technology diffusion. The best point of market structure that is beneficial to diffusion can be derived in the interval, where the competition factors and monopoly factors are relatively balanced; in the left side of the best point, it will promote technology diffusion, and in the right side, it will impede technology diffusion.
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Sunder, Shyam. "Determinants of Economic Interaction: Behavior or Structure." Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination 1, no. 1 (May 2006): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11403-006-0006-7.
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Zacharias, Lawrence S., Frank H. Easterbrook, and Daniel R. Fischel. "The Economic Structure of Corporate Law." Business History Review 67, no. 3 (1993): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117372.
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Bondar, Iuliiа, and Nina Lehinkova. "ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВОВІ МЕХАНІЗМИ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СФЕРИ ПОСЛУГ." Development of Management and Entrepreneurship Methods on Transport (ONMU) 80, no. 3 (2022): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/2226-1915-2022-3-37-50.
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The study found that an important part of the organization of the system of international relations of enterprises in the field of services is the creation of organiza-tional and economic support mechanism. An important task in the period of deepening globalization is to develop an effective economic and legal mechanism aimed at leveling the problems associated with increasing all types of resources to ensure foreign economic activity of enterprises in the service sector. The approaches of foreign economic activity through the prism of economic functions of the enterprise concerning cooperation with foreign partners in foreign markets are considered. It is established that an important part of the organization of the system of international relations of enterprises in the field of services is the creation of organizational and economic mechanism to ensure foreign trade. This mechanism operates in the context of integration processes as a factor in the effective operation and competitiveness of service enterprises in international markets. Therefore, service enterprises should be considered as a social, legal and economic sys-tem of the micro level with its internal components, which have both permanent and peri-odic external links and interactions. The structure of the organizational and economic mechanism of foreign economic activity of the enterprise is characterized and the aggre-gate structural elements of the organizational and economic mechanism of the enterprise-subject of foreign economic activity are formed, providing its internal and external envi-ronment, which is never stable foreign economic activity. Analyzing the structure of the mechanism of regulation of foreign economic activity and economic activity in general, shows that the urgent need at the present stage of economic development is to create an optimally balanced system of regulation, which will effecttively combine economic,or-ganizational, legal and socio-psychological forms, methods, means of regulation. Keywords: foreign economic activity (FEA), enterprises-subjects of foreign eco-nomic activity, mechanism of legal regulation, economic mechanism, state regulation. DEVELOPMENT
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Blank, Stephen. "Russia's Geo-economic Future; The Security Implications of Russia's Political and Economic Structure." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 24, no. 3 (July 2011): 351–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2011.598723.
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Huang, Jianfeng. "On the Influence of International Direct Investment on China's Industrial Structure." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i11.2805.
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With the continuous deepening of China's reform and opening up, the level of foreign direct investment has been constantly improving, which has played an important role in promoting the rapid development of China's economy. In today's world economic development, China's foreign direct investment is growing in both quantity and quantity. The development of foreign economy is the objective requirement of the trend of economic globalization and the inevitable trend of China's economic development. After the reform and opening up, many Chinese companies have gone global. However, Chinese companies face various obstacles in foreign investment and difficulties in overseas investment. This paper expounds the current situation of China's foreign investment, analyzes the problems existing in China's foreign investment, finds out the obstacles to China's foreign investment, and takes corresponding countermeasures.
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Batmunkh, Erdenedalai. "Role of Football in International Business and Economy." Management Science and Business Decisions 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52812/msbd.20.
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Football events are one of the most significant sports events globally while football is one of the most popular sports. Thus, the football industry and football-related businesses plays an important role in trade and economy. In the current study key events and top associations and organizations of the football industry are identified, and their role beyond playing grounds is observed. Also, the role the football industry plays in the economic and financial developments of nations, brands and organizations and individuals is highlighted. A comprehensive chart has been drawn that presents a comprehensive structure of the global football industry and also identifies key sources of revenue and expenditures. The study is important for scholars interested in sports economics and sustainable economic development through sports.
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Serbina, T. V., and O. M. Sribnyi. "Analytical Assessment and Forecasting of the Volume and Structure of Foreign Economic Activity in Ukraine." Management of Economy: Theory and Practice. Chumachenko’s Annals, no. 2021 (December 23, 2021): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/2221-1187.2021.190-201.
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At present, the problems of increasing the efficiency of foreign economic activity of enterprises are gaining special relevance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the analytical assessment and development of forecasts of the volume and structure of foreign economic activity in Ukraine using economic and mathematical tools. The article established that forecasting as an effective tool for planning the foreign economic activities of enterprises allows for making informed management decisions when forming export strategies, identifying reserves for increasing the efficiency of the organization of international logistics activities, and optimizing the structure of export-import operations. This will contribute to the reduction of costs for foreign economic logistics activities and losses due to the optimization of flows and improvement of information support for their movement; increase in the quality of logistics service and the level of customer service, profitability from the sale of products and the level of competitiveness of enterprises on international sales markets. Keywords foreign economic activity, foreign trade, international logistics, customs logistics, customs policy, export policy, customs regime, transit regime, export, import, international economic partnership, cooperation, globalization, European integration.
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Ivkin, A. "Country Risk in International Investment: Its’ structure and methods of estimation." Review of Business and Economics Studies 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2018-6-1-56-77.
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In this paper, the issues of country risk assessment in economic security and sustainability context are investigated. The main object of research is country risk and its structural components. The scientific paper’s main goal is to analyze valuation methods of country risk from different perspectives and suggest a model for country risk measurement that allows adequately evaluate country risk, economic security and economic sustainability level and dynamics, including structural components and their relationships. The paper approaches several main tasks. First, to highlight the importance of country risk evaluation and its assessment in growing global markets, analyzing causes and elements of country risk based on other scientific researches. Second, to explore and clarify advantages and disadvantages of the methods of country’s risk assessment, as well as to investigate sources of country risk and ways how to manage the risk. Third, to apply quantitative and qualitative methods for analysis, formulate, create and present the model of country’s risk assessment in economic security and sustainability context, which will identify factors, influencing country risk and determine their direct and indirect relationship between each other. The last task is to verify practical suitability of the model of country’s risk assessment by performing empirical analysis all over the world, identifying directions for mitigating risk effects.
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Pletniov, Vlad. "Economic Globalization and its Implications for International Diplomacy." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 37-38 (December 18, 2018): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.242-248.
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The economic realities of recent years convincingly reveal the increased role of international integration and cooperation in the global development of the global community, the strengthening of the global trend in the formation of a single world economy.
An important feature of the development of the modern world is a strong link between the structure and the process of transforming the world economy. The boundaries between "national" and "international" in the world political system are blurred. Transnational flows of goods, services, labor, tourists, information, ideas and values become stronger.
Globalization is a process that changes not only the external context in which the state operates, but also the very nature of the state and of the political communities in general. The interdependence of the modern world is manifested on the one hand in the emergence of global threats and, on the other, in increasing the social and economic benefits generated by countries' participation in globalization.
Keywords: globalization, glocalization, regionalization
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Reinke, Robert W., Lynne Roach, and Robert W. Wood. "Economic Education: An Effective Vehicle for Making International Connections." Citizenship, Social and Economics Education 1, no. 3 (September 1996): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/csee.1996.1.3.223.
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This article describes and evaluates an international educational project involving K-12 and higher education faculty, students, and administration from South Dakota and Costa Rica. This project was implemented in order to create an economic education infrastructure in Costa Rica, link the new infra-structure to South Dakota schools, and develop a technology-based curriculum to be piloted in K-12 schools in South Dakota and Costa Rica. The article includes a project history, project description, evaluation of impact, and ‘lessons learned’. The project builds a model that has potential to be used in other countries, states, and subject areas.
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Shkolnyk, Inna, and Viktoriia Koilo. "The relationship between external debt and economic growth: empirical evidence from Ukraine and other emerging economies." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.32.
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The article examines the relationship between external debt and economic growth in emerging economies for the period 2006-2016. The authors used different econometric tools, e.g., ADL model and correlation analysis. The regression results showed that the original values had no significant impact on the estimation of the parameters. Thus, there was made an assumption that emerging economies have a non-linear impact on macroeconomic parameters, including external debt that has a non-linear type of influence on economic growth. The authors established that high level of external debt, in conjunction with macroeconomic instability, impedes economic growth in such countries. The regression model also showed that there is a critical level of debt burden for emerging economies, where the marginal impact of external debt on economic growth becomes negative.The results of the study highlighted the significance of the problem of effective public debt management strategy implementation in Ukraine. This issue is predetermined by the appropriate organizational support. The study recommends improving a public external debt management model. In this paper, the authors proposed a new structure with the participation of new element – independent agencies. The unified external debt management system should integrate all state institutions and executive power structures in this area.
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Cui, Lijuan, and Viktoriia Medvid. "Interactive relationship between China’s industrial structure and human resources employment structure." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(1).2022.16.
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This study aims to understand the relationship between China’s industrial structure and human resources employment structure. This paper reviewed the relevant data from the China Statistical Yearbook, China Population and Employment Statistical Yearbook between 2010 and 2019 and quantitatively analyzed the interrelationship between the two using the CORREL function, employment elasticity coefficient, and employment structure deviation coefficient. Results indicate that the two have a strong correlation, but the coordination is poor; from the perspective of stimulating economic effect on employment, the total employment elasticity coefficient of the three industries is primarily positive, but the absolute value is close to 0. The synchronous inspiring effect of economic growth of various industries on employment is not apparent. In terms of equilibrium, the degree of structural deviation of the primary industry fluctuated between –0.70 and –0.75 each year, and the degree of structural deviation of the secondary industry has always hovered around 0.4. Although the degree of structural deviation of the tertiary industry was stable overall, mainly in some years, the deviation coefficient was still higher than 0.2, and the degree of imbalance between the economic development of various industries and the employment structure is more severe.
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Sykes, Alan O. "The Economic Structure of International Investment Agreements with Implications for Treaty Interpretation and Design." American Journal of International Law 113, no. 3 (July 2019): 482–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2019.25.
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AbstractThis Article argues that international investment agreements (IIAs) serve a dual economic function—to discipline host country policies that impose international externalities on foreign investors, and to curtail inefficient risks associated with agency costs, risk aversion, asymmetric information, and time inconsistency problems that uneconomically increase the cost of imported capital in host countries. It draws on the economic analysis to explain central features of IIAs and their evolution over time, and to address various controversial issues in international investment litigation.
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Le Thi My, Dung. "Foreign direct investment in industrial development in the Northern key economic region in the period 2010 - 2018." Journal of Science Social Science 66, no. 2 (May 2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2021-0030.
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The Northern key economic region, which includes Hanoi, Vinh Phuc, Bac Ninh, Quang Ninh, Hai Duong and Hung Yen, is the main centers of Vietnamese politics, economics, culture and science and technology. This region has many advantages in terms of economic exchange and international integration. In the period of 2010 - 2018, the region has really become a reliable destination for domestic and foreign investors, attracting increasing investment capital, especially foreign direct investment (FDI) in the manufacturing industries. Thanks to FDI in industry, the growth rate of gross output is the highest among 4 key economic regions; changing industrial structure (emerging electronics, informatics, manufacture mechanics ...); ownership structure (the FDI sector ranks first with 4 key economic regions) and territorial structure (industrial production value of Bac Ninh province has surpassed that of Hanoi city, leading the whole Northern key economic region). The paper focuses on analyzing FDI in industrial development and its role in socio-economic development of the Northern key economic region in the period of 2010-2018.
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Kurpas, Pavel A., Natalia A. Piskulova, and Anna V. Abramova. "Main Features of Contemporary International Economic Relations in Waste Management." Current Economic Trends 1, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55030/2713-0266-2021-1-3-101-122.
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The article analyses the current state of the main forms of international economic relations (IER) in waste management. Applying statistical data, the author estimates the roles that international trade in waste, international trade in waste management services and international capital movement play in the development of IER. A conclusion is drawn that trade in wastes is of vital importance for IER burgeoning, whereas the influence of the other forms is comparatively insignificant. An environmental policy that largely determines the nature and geographical structure of IER is pinpointed as the key growth factor. Finally, the ambiguity of the environmental impact that IER retain is revealed.
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Ahmad, Waseem, and Tanvir Ahmed. "Energy Sources and Gross Domestic Product: International Evidence." Pakistan Development Review 53, no. 4II (December 1, 2014): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v53i4iipp.477-490.
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The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth received a significant amount of attention in energy economics literature [Al-Iraiani (2006)]. Rufael (2006) stated that different energy sources are a necessary requirement for economic and social development and no country in the world has progressed from subsistence economy without the use of energy. In this regard, four views have emerged over time about the relationship between energy consumption and output growth. One point of view is that energy is the prime source of value and other factors like labor and capital cannot do without energy. Many studies argue that the impact of energy use on growth depends on the structure of the economy and the stage of economic growth of the country concerned [Ghali and Sakka (2004)]. The bulk of the literature reports a uni-directional causality from energy consumption to economic growth. When the causality runs from energy consumption to economic growth, it is also called ‘growth hypothesis’. Table 1 provides a list of the studies, which show such results. It implies that an increase in energy consumption has a significant impact on economic growth and if it is positive, then energy conservation policies have a detrimental impact on economic growth. Alternatively, if an increase in energy consumption has significant negative impact on GDP, it implies that growing economy needs a less amount of energy consumption, may be due to shift towards less energy intensive sectors [Payne (2010)]. Second point of view is that economic growth has a positive influence on energy consumption. There may be uni–directional causality from economic growth to energy consumption. Table 1 displays a list of studies showing such results. When the causality runs from economic growth to energy consumption, it is often referred to as ‘conservation hypothesis’. It implies that energy conservation policies formulated to reduce energy consumption may not adversely affect economic growth. Third point of view is that the cost of energy use is very small compared to GDP and consequently its impact on economic growth is nonsignificant. There may be no causality between energy consumption and GDP; it is often referred to as ‘neutrality hypothesis”.
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Vertakova, Y. V., E. I. Zuga, V. A. Plotnikov, and S. I. Shanygin. "Identification of structures of large economic systems using rating methods." Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 233, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2022-233-1-259-281.
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To test the toolkit, an aggregated analysis of the sectoral structures of the Russian and world economies are carried out according to the reporting data of the largest companies (according to Forbes ratings). The representation of companies in the largest category characterizes the structure of the international division of labour. The obtained partial structures of the world and Russian economies are compared, and conclusions and recommendations are made. The research results can be in demand in the creation and improvement of decision support systems for large companies, as well as priorities and government programs for the development of national and regional economies.
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Durman, Olena, Mykola Durman, Elzara Topalova, Lyubomyr Grytsak, and Oksana Zhiliaieva. "An economic model to assess the effectiveness of economic cooperation between Ukraine and international non-government organization." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 8, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v8i1.640.
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This study aimed to develop an econometric model for assessing the effectiveness of economic international cooperation between Ukraine and international non-governmental organizations. Based on the cognitive modeling method, the key indicators of the model influencing the socio-economic development of Ukraine were determined. With the cognitive map's help, the links' qualitative characteristics have been identified and argued between the socio-economic indicators of the country's development and the amount of funding attracted from foreign non-governmental organizations. The direction of influence between the indicators of socio-economic development and the volume of investment was determined using economic laws and expert assessments with the involvement of 35 professional experts. The scenario analysis made it possible to analyze the changes in the country's socio-economic development due to changes in the size and structure of investment funds receiving from international non-governmental organizations.
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Dumanska, Ilona. "METHODOLOGY OF FORESIGHT-ANALYSIS IN FORECASTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-3-109-117.
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The purpose of the article is to substantiate the systemic principles of implementation of foresight-analysis of international trade as a method of strategic forecasting at the macro level, the formation of its methodological tools and implementation models. Methodology. The article used general and special research methods. Classification of types of foresight-analysis of the development of international trade and their characteristics, the formation of a set of factors influencing it was based on grouping, synthesis and formalization. Economic modeling, scientific abstraction, systems analysis were used in building a model of foresight-analysis of international trade and identified the factors of negative impact on it. Using the method of coefficients, structural analysis and analytical comparison offers groups of economic indicators of foreign trade to analyze the development of international trade in the preparatory stage of foresight-analysis. Results. It is established that the system of classifications of foresight-analysis allows its application not only at the national level of forecasting the development of trade, but also internationally. It is revealed that when applying the methodology of foresight-analysis of international trade development it is necessary to take into account the purposeful influence of endogenous and exogenous factors. The model of providing the methodology of foresight-analysis of the development of international trade is structured, which includes the following components: system methodology, strategic guidelines, information and analytical support, implementation process and a set of methodological tools. It is found that the combined application of methods (quantitative, qualitative, mixed) in the foresight-analysis of the development of international trade provides maximum efficiency. The addition of the structure of economic methods of foresight-analysis by a group of economic indicators that assess the level of development of foreign trade of a country is substantiated and proposed. Practical implementation. Formation of methodological tools and models for the implementation of foresight-analysis of the development of international trade, taking into account the specifics of foreign trade policy of states based on a consolidated group of economic indicators. Value/originality. The proposed groups of economic indicators can be used in the decomposition of methods of foresight-analysis of international trade to confirm the effectiveness of strategic directions of foreign trade policy and sound forecasting of its effectiveness in the future.
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A. Kuzmin, Evgeny. "A study on the problems of the structure of transaction costs." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 3 (October 31, 2017): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(3-1).2017.06.
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The estimation of transaction costs is a well-known methodological problem, the solution of which determines the possibility, among other things, to estimate the conditions for business operations. The growing complexity of the social and economic interaction emphasizes the special role of transaction costs in regulation of the stability condition. The article analyzes approaches to the determination of the essential characteristics of transaction costs. The scientific evidence of dividing of transaction costs into normal and recertative is provided. Their differentiation is connected to the impact of uncertainty and also the principal unavoidability of transaction costs regardless the efficiency of the economic mechanism and other factors. An important factor here is friction force – flexibility of the economic space. The growth of transaction costs that is observed with the increased uncertainty emphasizes only the revealed features in the friction force of the economic environment. All this led to the conclusion on the availability of a generalizing factor that estimates the conditions of exchange transactions. For this, the notion of transaction capacity was introduced; it expresses the cumulative impact of the external and internal conditions, which, this way or another, are understood by the specialists making the managerial decisions. The existence of some value of transaction costs when transaction is declined presupposes an important assumption that the transaction capacity has the same limits of dynamics. The obtained results allow us to build a function of transaction capacity, which shall be considered as a tool for risk-profile analysis.
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Kazachenok, Olesya, and Irina Stepanova. "Legal Consequences of the Impact of Economic Sanctions on the Execution of Foreign Economic Contracts." Legal Concept, no. 4 (December 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2022.4.10.
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Introduction: the economic sanctions have recently become widespread as a measure of influence on other states in order to solve certain political or economic problems. The imposed restrictions affect not only the economy of the country as a whole, but also affect individual economic entities that are parties to foreign trade contracts. Purpose: to study the impact of international sanctions on the enforceability and validity of international contracts and to determine ways to minimize the losses of its parties. Methods: the research uses the universal method (dialectical materialism), the general scientific methods (logical: induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis; system and functional), the private-law methods (formal legal, comparative legal). Results: the legal grounds and types of international sanctions are considered, as well as the degree of their impact on both the country’s economy and the activities of individual participants in civil turnover who bear direct losses caused by the inability to fulfill their obligations under international contracts. Conclusions: the impact of sanctions on the Russian economy will be limited and, in addition to the negative ones, may have a positive effect in the form of digitalization of all industries and changes in the structure of various business areas. Nevertheless, the imposition of sanctions makes it impossible to execute previously concluded foreign trade contracts, which leads to significant damage to specific subjects of international trade, whose losses can be minimized through the use of the institution of force majeure and the formation of appropriate judicial practice.