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Büge, Max. "Three essays on institutions and international economic relations." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0024.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer empiriquement l'impact de différents cadres institutionnels sur le commerce transfrontalier et l'investissement direct. La thèse se compose de trois essais. Dans le premier essai, j’analyse les répercussions de l'incertitude institutionnelle sur le commerce international. Les résultats impliquent que l'incertitude institutionnelle a un impact négatif, qui est significatif et robuste, sur les volumes d'échanges commeciales. Le deuxième et le troisième chapitre de la thèse portent sur des types particuliers de contrats entre des nations souveraines qui régissent leurs relations économiques: les accords commerciaux préférentiels et des traités bilatéraux d'investissement. L'objectif du deuxième essai est de tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle un accord commercial préférentiel accroît l'investissement bilatéral de ses membres. Econométriqument, je trouve un effet fort et robuste qui confirme cette hypothèse (pour les pays développés et les pays en voie de développement). Basé sur les résultats du deuxième chapitre, je teste dans un troisième essai si un traité bilatéral d'investissement entre un pays en voie de développement et un pays développé influence les flux commerciaux des partenaires, mais un effet empirique des traités bilatéraux d'investissement sur le commerce s’éffond quand l’exogénéité stricte est prise en compteThe objective of this PhD thesis is to to empirically assess the impact of different institutional frameworks on cross-border trade and direct investment. The thesis consists of three substantive essays. In the first essay, I analyze the repercussions of institutional uncertainty on international trade. The results imply that institutional uncertainty has a significant and robust negative impact on trade volumes. The second and the third chapters of the thesis focus on particular types of contracts among sovereign nations that govern their economic relations: preferential trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties. The objective of the second essay is to test the hypothesis that a preferential trade agreements increases the bilateral investment of its members and I find a strong and robust effect (for developed and developing countries alike). Based on the results of the second chapter, I test in a third essay whether a bilateral investment treaty between a developing and a developed country influences the partners’ trade flows, but the empirical effect of bilateral investment treaties on trade collapses once strict exogeneity is accounted for
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Gásquez, Mendoza Roberto. "Football and economy relations at the international level." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/441743.
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La industria deportiva es hoy en día un sector con una importante influencia económica. Dimitrov et al. (2006), citado en el Libro Blanco sobre el Deporte de la Comisión Europea, estimó el tamaño de la industria deportiva de la Unión Europea en torno al 3,7% del PIB y el 5,4% del empleo. Más recientemente, las Cuentas Satelitales Deportivas Europeas de 2011 sugirieron que el deporte representa entre el 3 y el 3,7% del gasto de consumo, entre el 2,2 y el 4,0% del valor añadido bruto y entre el 2,0 y el 5,8% del empleo en los países europeos (Comisión Europea, 2011).
Esta tesis doctoral estudia el deporte más popular y difundido en el mundo: el fútbol, uno de los mejores ejemplos del fenómeno de la globalización. El efecto de este deporte ha crecido exponencialmente en el siglo XXI, generando emoción y frustración, y para muchos convirtiéndose en una especie de religión. Según la FIFA, la Copa Mundial de Brasil 2014 llegó a 3,2 mil millones de personas, y unos mil millones vieron la final. En términos de participación, el fútbol es uno de los pocos deportes que se practica en todo el mundo (Murray, 1996). Según las estimaciones de la FIFA, actualmente hay alrededor de doscientos sesenta y cinco millones de futbolistas activos.
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre el fútbol y la economía a nivel internacional. Esta relación se investiga desde diferentes perspectivas, mediante tres capítulos relacionados que, juntos, ofrecen nuevas pruebas sobre la importancia del fútbol en el mundo globalizado actual.
El alto desarrollo de la industria del fútbol en prácticamente todos los países del planeta permite al capítulo dos demostrar que este deporte puede ser considerado un indicador del desarrollo a nivel internacional. En este sentido, se diseña un modelo econométrico para analizar el desarrollo tanto en términos del PIB per cápita como en términos del Índice de Desarrollo Humano. Se utiliza información transversal y de series temporales. Los resultados sugieren que el ranking FIFA de los equipos nacionales puede utilizarse para complementar nuestra comprensión del desarrollo multidimensional, en particular, en aquellos países donde la disponibilidad de información no es tan buena como los investigadores desean.
Seguidamente, el capítulo tres propone un modelo para identificar y medir los factores que determinan el desempeño de un equipo nacional de fútbol. Se presentan tres innovaciones: (a) se aplica el modelo desarrollado por Bernard y Busse (2004) al fútbol, (b) se considera un amplio panel de países durante un período de 33 años, y (c) se complementa el ranking de la FIFA con el sistema de clasificación Elo. Se estima un modelo de panel dinámico utilizando el estimador de los momentos (GMM) de Blundell y Bond (1998). Se concluye que la calificación Elo es un indicador alternativo mejor que el ranking de la FIFA. Por lo tanto, la calificación Elo puede ser utilizada en los trabajos académicos que desean analizar el éxito del fútbol durante un largo período de tiempo.
El capítulo cuatro extiende finalmente el análisis al nivel local (clubes) y examina si la proporción de jugadores extranjeros está relacionada con el éxito de los clubes de fútbol a nivel nacional y mundial, considerando los canales clásicos de conocimiento, coincidencia y efectos compartidos. En otras palabras, se estudia la migración internacional de los futbolistas. La mayoría de los equipos de fútbol tienen como objetivo poseer los mejores jugadores, independientemente de su nacionalidad. Sin embargo, muchas federaciones de fútbol imponen restricciones a la libre movilidad en este mercado. De hecho, si todos los equipos de una liga se enfrentan a las mismas restricciones, no está claro que tal afluencia de extranjeros tenga algún impacto. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si tener más futbolistas extranjeros puede influir en el rendimiento de los equipos. Este propósito se lleva a cabo comparando cerca de mil clubes de fútbol de todo el mundo. A través de un modelo econométrico, se analiza el efecto de la proporción de futbolistas extranjeros en la puntuación y el ranking de los clubes proporcionados por la clasificación desarrollada por Footballdatabase.com. En promedio, los equipos en las ligas con más jugadores extranjeros muestran mejores resultados en la clasificación mundial. Sin embargo, dentro de cada liga, donde todos los equipos tienen las mismas regulaciones, y una vez que se controlan las variables económicas, contar con más jugadores extranjeros no tiene un efecto significativo. Al final, cuando todos los equipos tienen las mismas posibilidades de importar mejores jugadores del extranjero, lo que importa es el poder financiero para elegir a los mejores futbolistas.
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Epstein, Natan P. "Essays on international economics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7481.
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Школа, Вікторія Юріївна, Виктория Юрьевна Школа, Viktoriia Yuriivna Shkola, and М. Д. Вавілічев. "Competitiveness of Ukraine in modern international economic relations." Thesis, Сумський державний педагогічний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/82658.
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Україна займає значне місце у світовій економіці з точки зору свого ресурсного потенціалу та людських ресурсів, які досі не досягнуті в повному обсязі. Визначальним показником ефективності економічної політики держави є її місце у світових рейтингах. Загалом існує близько десяти міжнародних показників. Найпоширенішими є Індекс глобальної конкурентоспроможності, KOF Індекс глобалізації та Індекс легкості ведення бізнесу, Індекс економічної свободи, Індекс сприйняття корупції, Індекс людського розвитку, HDI, Індекс свободи преси. Відповідно до сучасних умов макроекономічної ситуації необхідно постійно контролювати місце України у міжнародних рейтингах та проводити комплексну оцінку. Оскільки відповідні місця України в рейтингу світових організацій є ключовими показниками розвитку її економіки.Украина занимает значительное место в мировой экономике по ресурсному потенциалу и человеческим ресурсам, которые до сих пор полностью не реализованы. Определяющим показателем эффективности экономической политики государства является его место в мировых рейтингах. Всего существует около десяти международных индексов. Наиболее распространенными являются Индекс глобальной конкурентоспособности, KOF Индекс глобализации и Индекс легкости ведения бизнеса, Индекс экономической свободы, Индекс восприятия коррупции, Индекс человеческого развития, Индекс свободы прессы. В соответствии с текущими условиями макроэкономической ситуации необходимо постоянно отслеживать место Украины в международных рейтингах и давать комплексную оценку. Ведь соответствующие места Украины в рейтинге мировых организаций являются ключевыми показателями развития ее экономики.
Ukraine takes a significant place in the world economy in terms of its resource potential and human resources, which are still not fully achieved. The determining indicator of the effectiveness of the economic policy of the state is its place in global rankings. In total, there are about ten international indexes. The most common are the Global Competitiveness Index, the KOF Index of Globalization, and the Ease of doing business Index, Index of Economic Freedom, Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI, Human Development Index, HDI, Press Freedom Index, PFI. In accordance with the current conditions of the macroeconomic situation, it is necessary to constantly monitor Ukraine's place in international rankings and to make a comprehensive assessment. As the relevant Ukraine's places in the rating of world organizations are key indicators of its economy development.
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Cao, Xun. "Convergence, divergence, and networks in international political economy /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10793.
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Wang, Shengzu 1978. "Economic policies in developing and emerging market economies : three essays in international and development economics." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115647.
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This thesis consists of three essays, which focus on different aspects of economic policy issues faced by developing and emerging market economies. The first essay explores the effect of monetary policy credibility on exchange rate volatility in a small open economy, even if the exchange rate is not an explicit target set by the monetary authority. Using an open economy framework modified from Gall and Monacelli (2005) and Walsh (2006), it shows that monetary policy credibility helps to stabilize the exchange rate as supply and demand side shocks hit the domestic economy. The monetary policy credibility can be achieved by the monetary authority's commitment to certain rules aiming for output/price smoothing. In the empirical analysis inflation targeting is used as a proxy variable for monetary credibility. The GARCH model of selected South-East Asian countries indicates that countries with inflation targeting policies have exhibited reduced exchange rate volatility when other factors are controlled.The second essay looks at FDI inflows into developing economies. Two distinctive differences of FDI inflows between developed and developing economies are entry modes and evidence of government regulations. This essay investigates the incentives of FDI flows in terms of cost-saving merger, fixed cost of entry and the role of government policies. In particular it shows that, if the cost-saving effect is large and the government intervenes, the foreign firm will consider the FDI through either Greenfield or Brownfield, which corresponds to the situation for FDI flows into developing economies. Otherwise, the foreign firm will only consider Brownfield or staying outside, which stands for the developed economy case. Since one remarkable feature of the FDI flows into developing countries is the benefit of cost-saving from low labour costs, this essay takes this effect into account and provides insights for economic "outsourcing". The multi-stage sequential game model presented in this chapter provides comparable results for the pattern of the FDI flows affected by regulation and institutional factors, which are not addressed by existing literature. Finally, it reveals some intuition and feature of a developing economy where the government regulations on FDI flows are more often observed.
The third essay deals with the resource/revenue reallocation within powerful groups in the economy and the impact of the rent-seeking behavior of these groups on the economic growth and the social welfare. In particular, it introduces a dynamic model of resource-grabbing by status-conscious agents, i.e., agents value not only their absolute consumption levels, but also the relative status within his/her reference group. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the "positional externalities" on the urge to seek rent and to connect the "tragedy of the commons" problem with relative consumption. The model shows that the greater is agents' concern about their relative status, the more aggressively they tend to behave. Consequently, the social welfare is lower because the growth rate of the public asset is reduced due to higher extraction rate. After introducing heterogeneity, it shows that the social welfare decreases as the distribution of status-consciousness among agents widens. Finally, it provides some policy suggestions that the government might consider to achieve a second best social outcome.
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Elgendy, Alaadin M. "The political economy of international organizations and the new world order: North-south relations from a southern perspective." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/904.
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Гладченко, Оксана Робертівна, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко, Oksana Robertivna Hladchenko, and I. S. Marekha. "Air quality management within the international economic relations framework." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17155.
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Грищенко, Олена Федорівна, Елена Федоровна Грищенко, Olena Fedorivna Hryshchenko, Вадим Федорович Грищенко, Вадим Федорович Грищенко, Vadym Fedorovych Hryshchenko, and I. Andrusenko. "Ecological factor in regulation of Ukrainian international economic relations." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8451.
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Ільяшенко, Анастасія, and Anastasiia Ilyashenko. "Global challenges in the system of international economic relations." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43560.
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Abstracts are devoted to the study of global challenges of the 21st century. Now, the question arises of international cooperation and interaction in times of crisis that affect the economic capacity of individual countries, regions and the whole world. It would seem that under the influence of globalization processes all the countries of the world should establish channels of cooperation and become competitive. But since 2020, there has been an increasing need for new solutions to global problems and for new approaches to deal with critical situations.
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Dumitrascu, Radu. "Corporate-adaptation in international public relations." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3156.
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Thesis (M.A.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 72. Thesis director: Tim Gibson. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 18, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-71). Also issued in print.
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Lee, Khang Min. "Interaction between financial and real decisions in an international economy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25089.pdf.
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SIMPSON-BELL, Chima. "Essays on risk sharing in economic unions." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/67106.
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Defence date: 18 May 2020 (Online)Examining Board: Professor Ramon Marimon (EUI, Supervisor); Professor Russel Cooper (EUI); Professor Kjetil Storesletten (University of Oslo); Professor Iván Werning (MIT)
This thesis investigates consumption insurance within economic unions from both a country and household perspective. Chapter 1 deals with the question of how an economic union like the Euro Area can support enough risk sharing, through transfer payments, to prevent the breakup of the union. I model the union as a dynamic contract between two countries. The contract captures two political restrictions which are especially relevant for the Euro Area. First, risk sharing must avoid `permanent’ transfers (including repayments of debt) between countries. Second, there is a requirement that countries implement policies to improve economic performance, which is subject to moral hazard. Relative to the previous literature, the specification of the reform process makes the moral hazard component of the model more powerful by allowing reform effort to have a permanent effect. I then characterize the optimal transfer system, which trades off risk sharing against reform incentives. I propose an implementation of this transfer system using trading of one-period bonds with state-contingent debt restructuring. Chapter 2, which is co-authored with Johannes Fleck, deals with household earnings risk in the United States. We observe that due to differences in economic conditions across American states, and the autonomy which state governments have in implementing means tested policies, identical households may receive very different levels of earnings insurance from the government simply because they live in different states. We quantify this variation in public insurance by simulating the response of the main state and federal tax and benefit policies to earnings shocks for a prototype household, adjusting any nominal dollar amounts for purchasing power using our own measure of state living costs. We confirm that there is significant regional variation in household earnings insurance, with a large contribution coming from the design of the federal Earned Income Tax Credit. Chapter 3, which is joint work with Ramon Marimon and Alessandro Ferrari, returns somewhat to the theme of Chapter 1. We address a gap in the theoretical literature on optimal transfers in currency unions, which fails to account properly for the participation constraints imposed by each country’s option to exit the union. We model a currency union as a dynamic contract between countries facing endowment risk and a nominal rigidity in the production of non-tradeable goods. The contract is constrained by each country’s outside option of reclaiming its own monetary policy, which optimally eliminates the labour market distortion caused by the nominal rigidity, and defaulting on any payment obligations accumulated within the union. We find that there is still some scope for considerable risk sharing in the union, although the presence of the nominal rigidity introduces consumption risk into the stochastic steady state of the currency union.
-- 1. Risk sharing and policy convergence in economic unions -- 2. Public insurance in heterogeneous fiscal federations - evidence from American households -- 3. Fiscal and currency union with default and exit
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Muniz, Blanca P. "EEC strategies towards Latin America : hegemony and international economic relations." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328998.
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‘Mokose, ‘Manapo. "The Belt and Road Initiative: Implications for Economic Development in Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32869.
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This study examines the possible impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on economic development in Africa. Launched in October of 2013, the initiative was established to alleviate trade and investment bottlenecks between the more than 65 countries that are signed on to it as member states. In 2017, it became the centrepiece of China's foreign economic policy and the filter through which all of its commercial ties with external actors would be pursued, framed, or determined. It is expected that when fully operationalized, the initiative will restructure China's ties with other countries. The study analyses the possible repercussions of that restructuring, focusing on its relationship with Africa. Since consolidating their commercial relationship in the early 1990s, China has played a vital role in developing Africa's economy. With the operationalisation of the BRI, its capacity or interest to maintain that role will be modified. Depending on the changes that emerge, and given its deep economic reliance on Beijing, Africa must prepare for both positive and negative implications for its economies. The study examines these implications. It notes, among others, the upgrades Africa stands to gain to its industrial structure and business environment. It also highlights potential losses, including the hit that Africa's revenue earnings might take and the heightened competition that local industries will be exposed to because of the liberalisation that the BRI pursues. Ultimately, the study advises that what outcomes arise – be they positive or negative – will depend on how well or sufficiently the continent positions itself to moderate the negative impact of the BRI on its economies. In the concluding chapter, the study makes recommendations on how Africa might facilitate or magnify projected benefits stemming from the BRI.
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Wick, Shelley D. "Constructing Threat: How Americans Identify Economic Competitors." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/860.
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China’s emergence as an economic powerhouse has often been portrayed as threatening to America’s economic strength and to its very identity as “the global hegemon.” The media’s alarmist response to an economic competitor is familiar to those who remember US-Japanese relations in the 1980s. In order to better understand the basis of American threat perception, this study explores the independent and interactive impact of three variables (perceptions of the Other’s capabilities, perceptions of the Other as a threat versus as an opportunity, and perceptions of the Other’s political culture) on attitudes toward two different economic competitors (Japan 1977-1995 and China 1985-2011). Utilizing four methods (historical process tracing, public polling data analysis, social scientific experimentation, and content analysis), this study demonstrates that increases in the Other’s economic capabilities have a much smaller impact on attitudes than is commonly believed. It further shows that while perceptions of threat/opportunity played a significant role in shaping attitudinal response toward Japan, perceptions of political culture are the most important factor driving attitudes toward China today. This study contributes to a better understanding of how states react to threats and construct negative images of their economic rivals. It also helps to explain the current Sino-American relationship and enables better predictions as to its potential future course. Finally, these findings contribute to cultural explanations of the democratic peace phenomenon and provide a boundary condition (political culture) for the liberal proposition that opportunity ameliorates conflict in the economic realm.
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Garnyk, Liudmyla Petrivna, Y. P. Vitkovskyi, I. I. Snihurova, and O. O. Mishchenko. "Guanxi: Chinese social networks building in prism of international economic relations." Thesis, ВД "Гельветика", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/49189.
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Kwak, Tae Woon. "International transmission of economic disturbances under floating exchange rates." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1278526152.
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Ranieri, Rafael. "Thinking Situationally About the Role of International Institutions: The Dynamics of Change in the International System and the Role of the World Trade Organization." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337288780.
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Nyoni, Shuvai Busuman. "African democracy at a crossroads : structural adjustment, economic crisis and political turbulence in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3705.
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Sharpe, Marie F. "Tourism in Peru the missing strategy for economic and social development." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FSharpe_Marie.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Kent Eaton. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78). Also available in print.
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Curtain, Joseph W. "Economic and security reasons why the U.S. should normalize relations with Cuba." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483591.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Western Hemisphere))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Giraldo, Jeanne. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 22, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72). Also available in print.
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Markwell, D. J. "John Maynard Keynes and international relations : idealism, economic paths to war and peace, and post-war reconstruction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296061.
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Woldemariam, Kasahun Reta. "A comparative case study of private investment and economic development in Ethiopia and Tanzania, 1986-1996." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2000. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/482.
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This study examined the contribution of foreign direct investment to economic development in Ethiopia and Tanzania from 1986 to 1996. Data for this study were obtained from the Ethiopian Investment Authority in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the Tanzanian Investment Promotion Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Other publications including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations Human Development Programme were also consulted. Using exploratory research method, this undertaking compared and contrasted foreign investment flows and the conditions under which the transfer of capital and technology help achieve the development objectives of the two countries. It also analyzed the investment policies and the role ofthe state in the transformation of the economies of Ethiopia and Tanzania. The results of the study suggest that the expectation that foreign technology and capital are necessary to transform the economies of Ethiopia and Tanzania is not fully confirmed. Moreover, the results of the study suggest that the investment policies were not reflective of the countries’ unique economic conditions. Additionally, the transformation of these economies from underdevelopment to development may be enhanced by strengthening the capacity of the state to build the human capital stock, provide reliable communication systems, and regulate anti-competitive practices.
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Zhang, Shuxiu. "The dragonomic diplomacy (De)code : a study on the causal relationship between Chinese economic diplomacy preference formation and the influence of multilateral economic regimes." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/747/.
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Since the reformation of the Chinese economy, two notable trends have developed. First, the growing prominence of multilateral economic regimes (MERs) on the political agenda of Beijing has propelled deepened engagements between Chinese policy actors and institutions, and the agencies of MERs. This development is accompanied by a second trend, which is a growing dynamism in China’s economic diplomacy within the multilateral arenas. This dynamism is reflected in the evolving national preferences and approaches for multilateral economic negotiations, from outright resistance to gradual flexibility, and in some cases, acceptance. The simultaneous and parallel developments of these two trends stem a curiosity on whether a causal relationship exist between the deepened China-MER engagements and the dynamism of China’s economic diplomacy. Has Beijing’s open-door policy to global economic integration opened new windows of opportunity for the MER agencies to influence China’s economic diplomacy and its preference formation? In what way(s) and/or in which capacities can the agencies of MERs assert influence on China’s economic diplomacy preference formation? Under what conditions is this form of external influence successful? What are the long-run implications of the deepened China-MER engagements on Beijing’s economic diplomacy preference formation structure? What does the China-MER relationship tell us about China’s economic diplomacy preference formation in the 21st century? Although China’s partake in the international political economy has received much scholarly attention, few studies have attempted to decode China’s economic diplomacy preference formation, and even fewer have investigated the important nexus between the China-MER relationship and the behaviours of Chinese economic diplomacy. This thesis is a response to the knowledge deficit in these regards. By examining China’s participation in the multilateral climate change, and trade 4 negotiations, the thesis addresses the primary research question, how do multilateral economic regimes and their agencies influence China’s economic diplomacy preference formation? The study finds that the MER agencies do affect Chinese economic diplomacy preference formation. However, their influence peaks at an absorption level whereby Chinese preferences adapt to external preferences but not to the extent of reforming traditional principles and beliefs. The comparatively more effective ways of asserting influence for the MER agencies is through a costs-and-benefits calculus, information dissemination, shuttle diplomacy proximity talks, and informal negotiation practices. In general, Chinese policy actors do not refute the influence of the MER agencies; rather they absorb and adapt to it. In addition, the MER agencies assert influence at different stages of the preference formation, and over time, implicitly establish themselves as integrated policy actors in Beijing. On the whole, this thesis contributes to a deeper understanding about how, why, and when international linkages matter in China’s economic diplomacy, and to the extent of driving preference transformation. The study provides useful analytic lenses that flesh out the variety of functions the MER agencies have in shaping and informing China’s national preferences and negotiation approaches. At the same time, it offers a fuller description of how the Chinese policy actors and institutions respond to (implicit) external interventions in its policy processes. Consequently, this thesis is a significant contribution that adds value to the scholarly debates and knowledge-building about one of the most important political and economic phenomenon of our time.
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Shirazi, Fazlollah Bonakdar. "An Empirical Assessment of the Center-Periphery Hypothesis in International Economic Relations." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1206.
Full textAbstract:
There are two leading perspectives on trade and economic development: the classical view based on the ideas of free trade and comparative advantage, which regards the international division of labor through free trade as supporting economic development; and the dependency theory view regards the international division of labor as an obstacle to the economic development of the now underdeveloped countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate hypotheses advanced by dependency theory, and, more particularly, by Galtung's Structural Theory of Imperialism. According to Galtung's theory, the world is divided into center and periphery countries, themselves divided into center and periphery sectors. The distinction between center and periphery is based on differences among nations in trade partner concentration, export commodity concentration, vertical trade, and quality of life. A periphery country is said to have most of its trade with one center country, while a center country IS free to trade with many partners. A periphery country tends to export a small number of primary products, while a center country has a greater diversity of exports, which are principally manufactured goods. These factors reflect a dependence of the periphery on the center and produce a gap in the quality of life between the two. The synchronic properties of the center-periphery relationship are tested for 127 countries for the years 1962, 1970, and 1980 with bivariate correlation calculations among ten variables: 1- Trade Partner Concentration (EPC), 2- Total Trade Linkages (TTL), 3- Import Partner Concentration (IPC), 4- Export Commodity Concentration (ECC), 5- Import Commodity Concentration (ICC), 6- Vertical Trade (VT), 7- Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), 8- Percent share of GOP in Agriculture (AGR/GDP), 9- GNP per capita (GNP), and 10- Export Dependency (ED). The diachronic properties of the world system at the regional and global levels are investigated by: 1- developing export trade hierarchies to identify center and associated periphery countries; 2- comparing regional and global averages for the national variables; 3- conducting decomposition analysis of export/import activity to assess diversities within and among regions; and 4- calculating system-wide variables, Global Polarization (GP) and Global Concentration (GC), based also on import/export data. At the national level, all hypothesized relationships among the ten variables are confirmed (are statistically significant at the .05 level), except for all relationships involving ICC and some relationships involving ED. The ICC results support the contention of Michaely that import and export commodity concentrations are positively correlated, in contradiction to assertions made by Leontief. All correlations between TPC, ECC, VT, and POLl agree with the propositions of dependency theory. At the regional level, the study reveals the continued existence of differences between the industrialized region and the other regions of the world, despite improvements for some regions in some variables (e.g., EPC, VT, and POLl). Regions are more homogeneous with respect to member countries than the world is with respect to regions. At the global level five major hierarchies (United States, United Kingdom, France, West Germany, and Soviet Union) are identified. From 1962 to 1980, the United States' hierarchy grew, mostly at the expense of that of the United Kingdom. Japan's hierarchy, nonexistent in 1962, emerged strongly by 1980. The systemic variables, GP and GC showed moderate to high, but constant, levels. No clear trend is apparent over this study period for the world system as a whole. While global averages and averages for the non-industrialized regions show changes in many variables in the direction of reduced world system differentiation, the systemic variables and the results of the decomposition analysis show constancy over time. However, an increased differentiation is suggested by GNP I capita data. In summary, although systemic changes over time are complex and individual countries may show ascent or decline, the general pattern of differentiation between center and periphery, as proposed by Galtung and others, holds true for the post World War II period.
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Venteicher, Jerome Felix Drury A. Cooper. "What economic sanctions signal cheap talk, or putting your money where your mouth is? /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6164.
Full textAbstract:
Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 15, 2010 ). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. A. Cooper Drury. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Shiffman, Cari. "Economic incentives and restrictions as enforcement mechanisms in international environmental agreements." Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27768.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Yao, Ning. "BRICS cooperation mechanism and its impacts on global economic governance." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335238.
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Oladi, Gholamreza. "Three essays in international economics." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36784.
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In international economics literature, different variants of the Nash equilibrium have been used to formulate strategic and retaliative behavior. However, the negotiation process underlying the Nash equilibrium does not capture the notion of retaliation properly. We use the "contingent threat situation" (Greenberg, 1990) to reformulate three different international economic environments.First, a two-country, two-commodity model of trade is considered to reformulate the tariff retaliations. It is known that tariff retaliations lead to a Nash equilibrium outcome, a non-free trade outcome. We show, in the framework of the "theory of social situations", that the free trade equilibrium is supported by a "stable standard of behavior".
Second, the basic two-country, single commodity model is employed to formulate the interactive and retaliatory policies regarding the choice between foreign investment and immigration. Considering three different strategic environments, we investigate the outcomes supported by "stable standards of behavior" under these strategic scenarios. We also provide a critical examination of Jones-Coelho-Easton's proposition (Jones, Coelho, and Easton, 1986).
Third, a simple model of international debt is formulated using a strategic form game. In the game, a country in financial crisis and on the verge of default is requesting a new loan, and a bank, with exposure to the foreign country's debt, contemplates whether it should issue the new loan. We show that "issue a new loan" and "not default", a Pareto optimum pair of strategies, is stable. Interestingly, we get this result by using a non-cooperative negotiation process, offered by the "individual contingent threat situation".
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Kushniruk, V., O. Sakhniuk, and S. Y. Tsymbaliuk. "Ecologization of the international relations in the context of sustainable development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36172.
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Relevance of the research is due to the fact that the scientific and practical point of view, the problem of the optimal interaction of international economic relations management of Ukraine and its ecological and economic potential, which requires new approaches to the development of international economic relations strategy under the conditions of market transformation economy of Ukraine is not enough investigated.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36172
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Davis, Kenneth Thomas. "Grounded Labels from the Behavioral International Economic Development Growth Path Model on Economic Development Patterns from 2002-2012." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1131.
Full textAbstract:
Economic models generally fail to adequately measure positive and negative growth paths in development through agrarian, industry, and service economies. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to design a new model that could accommodate both directions of growth and better measure development paths with particular attention to labors contributions. The theoretical foundation for this study was Walt Whitman Rostow's 5 economic stages of growth classifications. This Study attempted to find the most common economic growth path. While most development models use three to five classifications, this study used nine new classifications giving it a unique and specific look at international development. The two model indicators used were gross domestic product composition by sector (the economic success of the system) and labor force occupation by sector (labors activity to help define behavior of the system). The sample included data from 279 nations from the CIA World Factbook. A systematic method of analysis was used in the open, axial, and selective theoretical coding phases. The key findings reveal 9 distinct growth phases, 15 identified growth paths, and 4 distinct path clusters which helps measure and define development behavior. This analysis resulted in building upon Rostow's original observations. The implications for social change show that policy makers can benefit from using this new model, named the behavioral international economic development growth path model, to provide improved decision making measurements related to agrarian, service, and industry sectors of the economy. In addition, public administrators in developing nations may benefit from a better understanding of more specific development paths, probabilities of path movement, and comparison of policies from same classification nations.
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Knoetze, Christopher. "Feasting on foreign aid : a political economic examination of foreign aid's potential role in perpetuating chronic hunger and starvation in Malawi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20050.
Full textAbstract:
Foreign aid to Malawi has the ability to perpetuate the country's fifteen-year long hunger crisis. For millions of Malawians, chronic starvation is attributable to their inability to access food available on internationalised markets. Bilateral foreign aid to the Southern African state is aimed at stimulating development which, if successful, should also lift the country beyond threat of chronic, long-term malnourishment for the poorest of its citizens. Donor's, however, measure developmental aid's success along a narrow set of indicators - such as economic growth - dictating the direction of policy for recipient nations wishing to maintain the inflow of aid. For Malawi, this is all but inevitable as foreign aid accounts for 40% of government revenue. As a result of this dependency on external income, Malawi's government has targeted economic growth in order to maintain its aid support. Economic growth in Malawi has been fuelled by public spending and is unsustainable in the long term. The rapid growth was accompanied by high levels of inflation and the further entrenchment of a perennial trade accounts deficit, leaving the national currency weak. In addition, the majority of public spending reinforces the country's economic identity of an agricultural state, ensuring that 90% of Malawians who rely on agriculture for an income will remain poor due to the imbalance of trade. The indirect perpetuation of an agricultural economy, alongside unsustainable and unstable growth, has led to a situation where most Malawians cannot afford to buy food.
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Rilea, Ryan Christopher. "Not-So Splendid Isolation: an IPE Study of Iranian Sanction Busting." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5458.
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This study analyzes the US sanction regime imposed on the Islamic Republic of Iran. This single case study assesses its weaknesses and shortcomings in order to present a preliminary conclusion of the character of Iranian policies to bust the US sanctions regime. In charting the evolution of the US sanction regime through three distinct “waves” of sanctions the study highlighted the general shortcomings of the regime. First, the US sanction regime has failed to impose significant costs on Iran. Second, the slow pace of unveiling each new wave of sanctions failed to bring the necessary immediate pressure on Iran. Third, the inability of the US to gain sufficient multilateral support has limited the scope of the sanctions. These failures has allowed the Iranian leadership to construct a viable counterstrategy to bust US sanctions and continue the stalemate over the conflict of an Iranian foreign policy based on supporting Hamas and Hezbollah and the continued secrecy of its nuclear program. The Iranian counterstrategy has been centered on a domestic economic policy of autonomy, the courting of states outside the US sanction regime through the use of its valuable energy resources and the procurement of sanctioned goods through regional third party states.ID: 031001321; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed March 27, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-94).
M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences
Political Science; American and Comparative Politics
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Le, Guen Delphine. "Merger control in the European Economic Community." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56895.
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The present thesis analyzes merger control in the European Economic Community, a topical domain on the eve of the completion of the internal market. After a definition according to three approaches (traditional, geographical, quantitative), the provisions of the Rome Treaty on competition law (articles 85 and 86) are elaborated upon, to underline the reinforcement of the Commission's control powers since the entry into force of Council Regulation N$ sp circ$4064/89, in September 1990. The air transport industry has been chosen to illustrate the concept of a priori control of concentrations and its modalities of application in different economic policies.Jurisprudence and various regulations have promoted the application of EEC competition law to the air transport industry, and have contributed recently to the emergence of a common policy in this field. The Aerospatiale/de Havilland decision constitutes the first dismissal of a concentration notification, since the entry into force of the new provisions. It confirms the wide scope of the Commission's powers in the control of competition.
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Gillies, David 1952. "Commerce over conscience : Canada's foreign aid programme in the 1980s." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61150.
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This study is an examination of recent changes in the organisation and activity of Canada's foreign aid programme. Three conceptually distinct categories form the theoretical framework of the study: (a) contending approaches to the study of international relations; (b) contending conceptions of economic growth and development; and (c) contending approaches to the aid policy-making process. The study examines the multiple objectives underlying Canada's aid programme, develops and interprets a series of "aid quality" indices, and undertakes a detailed examination of the aid policy process. Emphasis is placed on tracing the specific combination of domestic "push" and international "pull" factors which have pressured Ottawa into initiatives promoting a closer linkage of the aid and trade facets of government activity. Attention is also drawn to the impact of these initiatives on the developmental objectives of the programme.The principal finding of the study is that while Canada's aid programme has until recently been able to maintain a precarious balance between the opposing forces of philanthropy and self-interest, there are now unmistakable signs of a deliberate effort to tilt the programme in a more commercial direction. In this trend, the single case of Canada mirrors a more general pattern towards an increasingly commercial orientation in most donor aid programmes.
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Shen, Hong 1967. "Economic integration in APEC and the role of China." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29941.
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The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum composed of 21 member economies of diverse cultural heritage and varying levels of economic development. By deliberately avoiding to become a formalized free trade arrangement like the EU or the NAFTA, APEC has committed to the principle of "open regionalism", meaning that liberalization achievements are not preferential to APEC members only. APEC has evolved rapidly since its formation in 1989. Begun as an informal dialogue group, APEC has expanded to become the primary vehicle for promoting open trade and economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.APEC is also one of the few multilateral economic organizations that actively embraces China as a committed partner in the global trade and investment dialogue. Economic reform and open door policies implemented over the last two decades have transformed China from a closed economy into a major trading power. China, which for more than a decade has unsuccessfully sought to join the GATT/WTO, finds APEC to be of immense symbolic and practical value. As a major member of APEC, China has made constructive role in the APEC process. With its dynamic economic growth and continuing economic reforms, China is poised to play an even greater role in APEC in the near future.
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D'Hollander, Juliette. "Economic sanctions as a means to enforce human rights." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23437.
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The United Nations Security Council has recently imposed economic sanctions against several states with the aim to protect human rights. Before the Second World War economic sanctions had been imposed under the Covenant of the League of Nations. It was, however, only with the creation of the United Nations and the evolution of international human rights law that economic sanctions have been imposed explicitly in the name of human rights. While the Security Council has ordered economic sanctions against Iraq, Haiti and the former Yugoslavia for their human rights violations, the thesis explores the reasons why the Council has not taken similar measures against other countries with comparable human rights records and concludes that, there exists a double standard. Another important issue examined concerns the collateral consequences of economic sanctions. More often than not, it is the civilian population that ends up enduring the harsh conditions that result from the sanctions. The thesis suggests that the economic sanctions imposed for human rights purposes may in fact result in the infringement of the basic human rights of the very population that they are intended to protect.
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Steen-Sprang, Louise Marie. "Protecting economic reform by seeking membership in liberal international organizations." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1061306349.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 315 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Brian M. Pollins, Dept. of Political Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 342-381).
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Chang, Joseph. "The Gift that Keeps Giving: FDI Inflows in China." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/123.
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This paper investigates the primacy of foreign direct investment inflows in liberalizing China’s economy and whether the long-term gains from economic openness will justify its inefficient energy uses and growing regional income disparities. By examining the history of FDI inflows in China, it becomes evident that FDI inflows were an instrumental part in institutional and technological development in China. I extend the argument to take into account how these developed infrastructures react to China’s growing energy demand in light of a shrinking world supply. Lastly, I perform a meta-analysis on the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, to examine if there are negative environmental outcomes from FDI inflows. I find that the technological effect of FDI inflows tend to result in long-run improvements under most circumstances.
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Saqer, Ali. "The visible power of the transnational capitalist class : the case of the World Economic Forum." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79438/.
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This thesis examines the role of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in the rule-making of 21st century global governance. If offers a critique of existing accounts on the transnational capitalist class (TCC) and the WEF, as a site of this class, that are based on an artificial differentiation between state and market actors. Such artificiality assumes a power relationship that allows market actors to discipline state managers and shape the state’s policy-making along their accepted principles and norms. Thus, the involvement of the state in the WEF’s activities is viewed as a manifestation of this disciplinary power. The thesis argues that the state participates in such activities in response to the imperative of managing capital-labour relations at a global level necessary to reproduce the capitalist social relations of production within its jurisdictions. From an Open Marxist perspective, it argues that the state is a political manifestation of class struggle and an inherent feature of the social relations of capital accumulation. Whilst this indicates that state managers pursue policies that favour the reproduction of the social relations of production, this imperative is not deterministic or a reflection of the disciplinary power of the market. This thesis shows that the argument that the WEF has an influence over the state’s social and economic policy-making is not supported by evidence. It presents a substantial, archive-based, re-assessment of the influence of the WEF’s discourse of international competitiveness over the state. It shows through studying the institutionalisation of competitiveness in the UK how the country has responded selectively to the imperative of state competitiveness. It demonstrates that the engagement of state managers with the discourse of competitiveness is an attempt to secure the circulation of global capital within the economy in order to help reproducing capital accumulation that drives economic growth, employment and living standards.
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Davis, Kenneth Thomas. "Grounded Labels from the Behavioral International Economic Development Growth Path Model on Economic Development Patterns from 2002-2012." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619205.
Full textAbstract:
Economic models generally fail to adequately measure positive and negative growth paths in development through agrarian, industry, and service economies. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to design a new model that could accommodate both directions of growth and better measure development paths with particular attention to labors contributions. The theoretical foundation for this study was Walt Whitman Rostow's 5 economic stages of growth classifications. This Study attempted to find the most common economic growth path. While most development models use three to five classifications, this study used nine new classifications giving it a unique and specific look at international development. The two model indicators used were gross domestic product composition by sector (the economic success of the system) and labor force occupation by sector (labors activity to help define behavior of the system). The sample included data from 279 nations from the CIA World Factbook. A systematic method of analysis was used in the open, axial, and selective theoretical coding phases. The key findings reveal 9 distinct growth phases, 15 identified growth paths, and 4 distinct path clusters which helps measure and define development behavior. This analysis resulted in building upon Rostow's original observations. The implications for social change show that policy makers can benefit from using this new model, named the behavioral international economic development growth path model, to provide improved decision making measurements related to agrarian, service, and industry sectors of the economy. In addition, public administrators in developing nations may benefit from a better understanding of more specific development paths, probabilities of path movement, and comparison of policies from same classification nations.
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Yoon, Suk-Joon. "Sino-South Korean relations, 1971-1990, in the context of economic and international politics." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/86325a45-672a-445f-b275-a6cbbe4cacb7.
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Bindman, Eleanor Frances. "Economic and social rights within EU-Russia relations : a missed opportunity?" Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4702/.
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In recent years the EU’s strategy towards promoting human rights in Russia has been the focus of considerable internal and external attention, much of it critical. Despite longstanding programmes for funding human rights projects in Russia and the launch of biannual EU-Russia human rights consultations in 2005, the subject of human rights remains contentious within EU-Russia relations. One striking aspect of the EU’s policy towards Russia is its focus on issues such as prison reform, freedom of speech and prevention of torture which can broadly be characterized as civil and political rights issues. The purpose of this thesis is to explore an area of human rights theory and practice which tends to receive far less attention, namely economic and social rights issues such as the right to housing, health, access to social security and workers’ rights. Utilising data gathered from interviews with EU and Member State officials and Russian NGOs and a discourse analysis of EU policy documents on human rights, the thesis examines how EU institutions, Member States and Russian civil society actors conceptualise the meaning and significance of economic and social rights in both a general and specifically Russian context. The study situates these understandings of economic and social rights and the State’s role in guaranteeing them in Russia in the historical context of the Soviet legacy of emphasizing such rights over civil and political rights. It also highlights enduring public expectations of what the State should provide and the policy of the various presidential administrations since 2005 of reasserting the State’s role in relation to the apparent realisation of economic and social rights through social service provision. It explores the differing approaches taken by human rights and more socially-oriented NGOs to engagement with various State structures and State-affiliated structures such as the regional human rights ombudsmen, and the privileged position Russian human rights NGOs appear to enjoy in terms of their relationship with the EU. The thesis argues that the EU’s closeness to this very specific type of civil society organisation and its apparent lack of internal and external consensus on the importance of economic and social rights issues hinders its ability to raise issues relating to these rights in its interactions with Russia. At the same time, the fact that economic and social rights continue to enjoy a relatively high degree of visibility and importance in Russia make cooperation on economic and social rights issues an area where more fruitful engagement on human rights could take place between the EU and Russia.
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Jones, Sharon L. "The economic trend in immigration policy: a comparative analysis of the entrepreneur/investor program in Canada, United States and Australia." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Gaarder, Christopher. "California's Foreign Relations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1147.
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Globalization has significantly increased the number of stakeholders in transnational issues in recent decades. The typical list of the new players in global affairs often includes non-state actors like non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations, and international organizations. Sub-national governments, however, have been given relatively little attention even though they, too, have a significant interest and ability to shape the increasing flow of capital, goods, services, people, and ideas that has so profoundly influenced the global political economy in recent decades. California, arguably the most significant among sub-national governments – its economy would be seventh or eighth in the world at $2.2 trillion annually, it engages in over $570 billion in merchandise trade, and has a population of nearly 40 million, out of which over 10 million are immigrants – is also one of the most active in transnational issues. The state government has opened and closed dozens trade offices abroad since the 1960s. It set up a multi-billion dollar carbon cap-and-trade system jointly with the Canadian provinces of Québec and Ontario under Assembly Bill 32, one of the most significant pieces of climate change legislation to date. California’s educational, technological, and media hubs – its public and private universities, Silicon Valley, and Hollywood – draw some of the best and brightest from around the world. California also has a long history of involvement in transnational issues. State efforts to undermine growing Chinese then Japanese “menace” immigrant populations from the mid-19th through the mid-20th centuries influenced United States foreign policy.
This thesis first takes a look at the federalism and international relations issues faced by California as it plays a greater role in transnational issues. Then, it examines the main actors and institutions, and the issues at play. The states have some leeway under the Constitution and contemporary political order to use their domestic powers to influence global issues, whether through climate legislation, public pension divestment, or non-binding “Memoranda of Understanding” with foreign governments. Such behavior, while less significant than national policy, can fill gaps in national policy, promote policy change, and deepen global ties, promoting a more complex interdependence among nations. California can also exert a moral, soft power influence in leading by example. The structures promoting California’s growing role in transnational issues are poorly organized. If the Golden State is to better leverage its political, economic, and moral authority internationally, it would do well to more explicitly develop a unified vision for its role in the world.
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Yuvaci, Abdullah. "International Politics, Special Interests and Foreign Trade Policy: A Study of Turkish-American Textile Trade Relations." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1271800423.
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Williamson, Martin Charles. "How has the United States leveraged economic crises into its hegemony? : a case study of the Bretton Woods regime's demise and replacement, 1969-76." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33282.
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International monetary and financial crises have punctuated US hegemony since 1945. With US hegemony likely to endure and crises likely to recur, we need to understand how the US reacts to such events: benevolently or exploitatively? Using a case study of US behaviour during the 1969-76 international monetary crisis, this thesis challenges narratives that interpret events in terms of the concentration or deconcentration of power in the US hegemon, and favours an explanation of US behaviours based on the interplay of US domestic politics and international security imperatives. Using a Constructivist definition of hegemony and a neoclassical realist theoretical framework, I analyse the crisis from the perspectives of the international monetary order and system, respectively. I introduce a novel division of Strange’s concept of structural power into its negative and positive components (the power to disrupt or create international structures, respectively). Using these analytical tools, I analyse documents held in the UK and US National archives, President Nixon’s White House tapes and the Bank of England archive. Key and original findings include: - US tactics veered between hegemony by consent and, when that failed to yield the desired results, hegemony through domination; - domination tactics could be brutal, as when President Nixon and his National Security Advisor, Kissinger, tried to wreck European integration by destroying its first attempt at monetary union. Their intention was to advance the US’ security agenda by weakening EEC states; - Kissinger intervened in the Committee of Twenty’s negotiations to delay agreement on international monetary reform (despite the US being on the verge of achieving its objectives) until European states had acceded to what he wanted on security in the “Year of Europe” negotiations. Delay killed US plans to return to fixed exchange rates; - hegemonic stability theory-based explanations of events are challenged by the US terminating its Bretton Woods regime, persuading follower states to introduce generalised floating and blocking international monetary reform; - structural Realist and Marxist narratives of the crisis are challenged, inter alia, by President Ford abandoning Nixon’s attempts to strengthen US hegemony in favour of a laissez-faire solution to the international monetary crisis; - the decisions creating the basis of a neoliberal international monetary order (the introduction of floating exchange rates and free capital mobility) were taken for US international security or domestic political reasons, as neoclassical realism theory would predict. These decisions had profound economic consequences, but were not taken for economic reasons.
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Hallock, Stephanie A. "Why states cooperate : international environmental issues /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12172008-063637/.
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Ko, Ariel Hui-min. "Not for political domination : China's foreign economic policy towards Vietnam, Singapore and Malaysia in the open era." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2235/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an exploration of China’s bilateral foreign economic policy (FEP) towards Vietnam, Singapore, and Malaysia in the open era. It expects to answer the central question that what motivated China’s bilateral economic cooperation with small partners? Is it for political domination, or is it for national prosperity? Drawing upon the evidence from primary materials, this thesis challenges the hypothesis that China, as a rising economic power, intends to generate political gains from the creation of trade asymmetry of small partners. In contrast, this thesis argues that China’s bilateral economic cooperation with individual ASEAN members is for the pursuit of prosperity; in this process, the shared concerns of Beijing’s management of bilateral economic relations with individual ASEAN members are to raise the national income and to sharpen the national competitiveness in exports. In other words, Beijing’s FEP at bilateral level has the very strong implication for national economic development in general. Contrary to the realist expectations about foreign trade, this thesis shows that China did not take initiatives in bilateral economic cooperation to ensure the advantageous political gains; in addition, this thesis also finds that different political relations did not seem to affect the implementation of China’s bilateral FEP towards individual partners. By revealing China’s preference order of foreign economic cooperation at different levels, this thesis also argues that the calculations of welfare effects, rather than the consideration of relative gains, is more likely to be the determinant of China’s foreign economic behaviors.