Academic literature on the topic 'International economic relations Case studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "International economic relations Case studies"
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Brătucu, Gabriel. "BOOK REVIEW. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS – THEORIES, STRATEGIES, POLICIES, TOOLS AND CASE STUDIES." SERIES V - ECONOMIC SCIENCES 14(63), no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.es.2021.14.63.1.11.
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This is a review for a collective book published both in Romanian (2017) and in English (2019) on the topic of international economic relations. The book has a comprehensive character and presents the issues related to international business and economics in a multi-facet manner. The book has a number of merits that are presented in the review.
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Katzenstein, Peter J. "Area Studies, Regional Studies, and International Relations." Journal of East Asian Studies 2, no. 1 (February 2002): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800000709.
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This paper discusses area, regional, and international relations studies as seen from the vantage point of the United States. Part I situates the issue of regionalism in the current debate about conceptualizing international relations since the end of the Cold War and at the dawn of a new millennium. Against the historical backdrop of a powerful case for area studies made soon after the end of World War II, Part II focuses attention on the crosscurrents that are affecting area studies from three different directions: (1) disciplinary-based, scientific critics who value nomothetic approaches more than contextualization; (2) cultural critiques developed from the perspective of the humanities and, at times, post-modernism; and (3) the growing emphasis on cross-regional studies that seek to blend and incorporate elements from both scientific and humanistic perspectives. Part III concludes with some brief reflections on the relations, in the classroom, between areas, regional and international studies.
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BELASCU, Lucian. "BOOK REVIEW - INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS: THEORIES, STRATEGIES, POLICIES, TOOLS AND CASE STUDIES, EDITORS: GHEORGHE HURDUZEU, LUMINIȚA NICOLESCU." Revista Economica 73, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2021-0021.
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Diebold, William. "Why Economic Policies Change Course: Eleven Case Studies." Foreign Affairs 67, no. 2 (1988): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20043801.
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Newnham, Randall E. "Economic Linkage in German-Polish Relations, 1918-1939." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 1802 (January 1, 2006): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.2006.131.
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German-Polish relations in the interwar years (1918-1939) were of great importance, not only in shaping those countries’ future but the future of Europe, and indeed the world. Not surprisingly, then, the history of those troubled years has been studied by a number of scholars. Most of these studies, however, have focused on the “high politics” of the period, relegating economic ties to the margins of the story. This work uses a different approach. It focuses on Germany’s efforts to influence Poland through economic sanctions and incentives. It examines these efforts in light of political science theories of economic linkage, focusing on six separate cases. These case studies show that the “softer” tactic of economic incentives was in fact quite effective. For example, in contrast to the Weimar Republic, the Nazi regime employed economic incentives, and was surprisingly effective at building a positive relationship with Warsaw before 1939.This study aims to shed new light not only on interwar German-Polish ties, but on the role of economic linkage in international relations in general.
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Porket, J. L. "Comparative economic systems: pre-industrial and modern case studies." International Affairs 66, no. 2 (April 1990): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621379.
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Kotsur, G. "Emotions and International Relations." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 19, no. 3 (2021): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2021.19.3.66.2.
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This article is the part of the recent emotional turn when the scholars of social science are paying more attention to the study of collective emotions in international affairs. The former dominance of the biological and essentialist paradigms in this field were replaced by a number of culture-centered approaches based on social constructivism, which were elaborated within two pioneering disciplines – anthropology of emotions and history of emotions. The influence of such a scientific revolution included the key axis of the common – unique with an emphasis on the latter. The IR has been also affected by an emotional turn when the field of constructivist emotional studies had been established in the early 2000s. The object of this work is the transnational structural common – collective emotional patterns that have recurrent nature and emerge beyond state borders. This part of reality has not been conceptualized by scholars. Therefore, the aim of the article is to fill an epistemological vacuum and outline the ways for conceptualization of transnational structural common. It is IR that seem to be the most suitable field to do this. The empirical case of the crisis response after terrorist attacks are analyzed as the example of the transnational structural common. This case is explored by the author through the framework of "emotion culture" by S. Koschut in combination with the concept of "emotives" by W. Reddy. Speeches by the leaders of Israel, the United States, Russia, India and France after six terrorist attacks from 1972 to 2015 allow to identify an integrated tripartite emotional structure, which is observed in each of the cases. This structure includes an emotive of pity; compensatory structure with the emotives of fighting fear through reciprocal determination; finally, an emotive of solidarity. This discursive structure functions in a stable way because the emotional code connects the type of event (terrorist attack) with the cultural script (tripartite structure). Finally, some approaches in sociological institutionalism would enrich future studies of emotion culture.
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Ružeková, Viera. "Prospects for the EU-US Trade Relations in the Light of the TTIP." Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 9, no. 34 (December 1, 2016): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2016-0020.
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Abstract To success on international markets, individual economies are trying to take measures to increase their efficiency, flexibility and competitiveness. There is a liberalization of tariff and non-tariff barriers mainly due to trade based on regional integration. Among such agreements belong also the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the EU and the USA, which represent the largest economies in the world. The paper analyses developed scientific studies that assess the economic impact, advantages and disadvantages of closer economic cooperation. However, it reflects not only the economic but also foreign policy importance of this partnership. In the case of signing the TTIP, it would become the most important bilateral trade agreement ever, both in terms of international trade as well as in terms of the impact on international trade as a whole.
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Wang, Chenxi. "Special Economic Zones: The Subnational- National-International Nexus in China’s Integration With the International Economic Order." Journal of World Trade 56, Issue 6 (December 1, 2022): 1013–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2022042.
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This article investigates China’s Special Economic Zones (SEZs) strategy in the context of China’s integration with the international economic order by concurrently examining China’s internal and external economic policy. It expounds the experimental development path of a massive unitary country which strives to balance between the international pressure against the background of economic globalization and the internal unevenness across different regions. Based on case study of SEZs in different historical times, this article explores a subnational-national-international nexus in China’s integration with the international economic order. This article highlights that, throughout the history, the Chinese central government persistently mobilizes certain regions and names them as SEZs to experiment innovative policies, so as to facilitate the enactment of foreign economic policies and the engagement in international trade and investment negotiations. This study opens the black box of the Chinese State and tells a complementary story regarding China’s interaction with international economic law from a structural perspective. It provides a springboard for future studies of China’s engagement with the rules-based global economy in a world where the international economic legal order recursively travels across international, national and local levels. China, Special Economic Zones, International Economic Order, Regional Trade Agreements, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Shenzhen SEZ, Shanghai FTZ, Hainan FTP, Subnational-national-international Nexus
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Ross, Robert S. "On the fungibility of economic power: China’s economic rise and the East Asian security order." European Journal of International Relations 25, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 302–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066118757854.
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China is now second only to the US as a world economic power. Its economic rise has challenged US ability to fundamentally shape the world trade order. However, the importance of the rise of the Chinese economy for international security affairs is less clear. The key analytical issue for international politics and for an understanding of the sources of power is whether economic power is fungible in international security affairs, whether it can independently determine the strategic alignments of small states. This is also the key question in assessing the implications of China’s economic rise for the East Asian security order. The political-economy literature argues that trade dependence can lead small states to realign within great power politics, regardless of the military balance. However, poor case selection challenges this prior literature. By using contemporary East Asia as a source of multiple bilateral case studies, I argue that the economic dependence of a small state on a great economic power is insufficient to influence independently small state strategic alignment preferences and that China’s rising economic power is not fungible in East Asian security affairs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International economic relations Case studies"
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Chen, YuJane. "The economic security of Taiwan : a case study of cross-strait relations between Taiwan and China, 2000-2004." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11083.
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This thesis aims to demonstrate that economic security is also a significant pillar of safeguarding national security. Aside from military security measures, adopting peaceful economic engagement and economic measures can be an alternative security policy choice through which a state may achieve its national security agenda. To facilitate an understanding of economic security, this thesis submits a working definition of economic security, which has been delineated as 'the protection of a core value from all forms of potential or actualised threat by using economic measures and policies'. The core value refers to national interests and security Objectives. With this framework, the current thesis takes Taiwan as a case study to assess Taiwan's effort of implementing economic security strategy to accomplish its national security agenda within the context of the complex and hostile cross-Strait relations yet growing economic integration. This research intends to answer three categories of questions. Firstly, how large is the cost to Taiwan of pursuing economic security vis-a-vis China, and what is Taiwan's capability to afford such cost? Secondly, what factors would contribute to or undermine Taiwan's efforts in practising economic security, and to what extent? Thirdly, do cross-Strait economic ties strengthen or weaken Taiwan's economic security with respect to its economic performance, and to what extent? From three perspectives, this study analyses the above questions. Firstly, it analyses how Taiwan has employed economic power to construct its national security within the international system. Secondly, it examines how Taiwan has utilised economic measures to resist China's political and economic influence. Thirdly, from an economic perspective, it examines whether Taiwan's economic security objectives, in the context of its capability of sustaining economic prosperity, have been enhanced when it has engaged in economic exchange with China.
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Habiyakare, Evariste. "A long way to the rainbow country : understanding the foreign market expansion process of Finnish corporations into the Republic of South Africa between 1990 and 2005 /." Åbo : Åbo Akademis förlag, 2009. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-765-472-2.
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Nepgen, Arnold. "The impact of globalisation on trade unions : Cosatu’s present and future engagement in international issues." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1951.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The effects of ‘accelerated globalisation’ can not be denied when observing modern innovations shaping human life. Its development and consequent revolutionary impact is unlike any other in modern history. The last half of the twentieth century witnessed changes in exponential terms, such as informational and technological innovations that constantly redefine the way people function. This study focuses on the effect of globalisation on trade unions, paying particular attention to the formation of liberal economic conditions, the rise of global capital flows, and the diversification of workers, working conditions and employment patterns. Globalisation has led to the formation of new social, economic, and political conditions which have made it increasingly difficult for trade unions to function in traditional ways. At the heart of this lies the fundamental opposition of capital to labour, and increasingly so under conditions of global competition. Trade unions, are organisations that represent worker interests through solidarity and strength in numbers, traditionally at the national level but increasingly they are being challenged on a global level. Thus, due to various internal and external factors, the situation many unions find themselves in is one of survival instead of growth and influence. The case study of Cosatu was chosen due to the benefit of analysing the organisation’s past success as well as present situation. Although it has not been unaffected by the problems facing unions worldwide, it has managed to achieve some notable successes in the process. The practice of social movement unionism has been highly effective in mobilising under-represented groups, and is found to still be effective in South Africa, although at a diminished scale. It is imperative for all unions to restructure the way they function so as to incorporate previously marginalised groups, to utilise technology and globalisation to their advantage, and to educate potential new entrants to the labour market.
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Westerlund, Olivia Banks. "The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid on Corruption Eradication in Developing Countries’ Institutions. : A Qualitative Case Study Related to International Relations Studies with A Focus on A West African Country: Nigeria." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82554.
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Abstract. Foreign aid's effectiveness on eradicating corruption is a fragile yet complex topic to research in International Relations. Some scholars argue that economic aid should not be given without specific conditions, while some argue that aid should be given with strict or specific rules to recipient countries. Par contra my research is aimed at examining one recipient country: Nigeria, as a case study which is considered amongst the most corrupt countries in the world yet are highly enriched in natural resources, such as being the major oil-producing country in Africa that boosts the country's GDP per capita through the export trade with foreign countries. And most foreign donor countries allocate economic aid to Nigeria because they are dependent on the country's trade on natural resources. In this research, I used two conceptualised variables of corruption; bribery and facilitate payment, which is considered the most common corruption trends in the Nigerian society, with the aim of analysing the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's (UNODC) twelve-month survey report conducted in December 2019 in Nigeria. Alongside with the London 2016 Anti-Corruption Summit report, the current agenda agreed by forty countries with over six hundred commitments, which Nigeria participated in—hence creating the national anti-corruption programmes that the current President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari implemented as a commitment to the Summit. Consequently using legitimacy and governance perspectives to analyse the efficacy of aid in Nigeria's institution, and evaluating the country's alliance of economic aid in combating corruption, whilst identifying the state's level of governance towards anti-corruption policies to eradicate corruption. The findings show that the level of corruption in Nigeria is still very much high within the public sectors and shows that three in four citizens encounter a form of corruption such as bribery, daily with a civilian who demands a bribe in exchange for their services. And facilitation payment is considered a common activity of Nigerian citizens to speed up legal procedures with the governmental institutions. Even though the Nigerian government claims that the national anti-corruption policies are effective, the survey still shows that there less amount of reported official persons in the conduct of corruption and also the policies doesn't show a trend that the official persons do abide by the policies because the rate of transparency within the institutions is very much low. Yet these official persons intend to be in denial of collecting bribes or participating in any form of corruption.
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Magwaza, Mayibuye Matthew. "South Africa and Japan - a bureaucratic policy analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85570.
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Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study applies a modified bureaucratic policy process model to analyse contemporary South African – Japanese relations, particularly in regards to a proposed Economic Partnership Agreement, and the experiences of Japanese agencies within South Africa. South Africa and Japan are major trade partners, and the Japanese government has a significant presence in the African aid scene via the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD), and through the works of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). South African – Japanese relations have been documented in a modest but respectable fashion by a range of researchers, including Alden, Skidmore and Osada. The bureaucratic policy process model has been used in an array of studies on international relations and decision making, notably by Graham Allison. However, it has not been previously applied to South African – Japanese relations. As a result, there is a dearth of information on how bureaucratic dynamics affect Japanese – South African relations. In response to this, a modified bureaucratic policy process model is used to analyse contemporary South African – Japanese governmental relations. A literature review of primary and secondary sources is undertaken, consisting of a historical review of South African – Japanese relations. Following this, a brief overview of contemporary literature on South African – Japanese relations is performed. This includes both secondary sources and primary sources relating to government bureaucracies current priorities and strategies. Material on TICAD is included in this section. Interviews with government officials from both the Japanese and South African governments are carried out using a modified snowball sampling system. The interviews provide insights into the different bureaucratic organization’s priorities and programmes, as well as their relationships with other organizations. From this data, two emergent themes are addressed: the failure of a contemplated Free Trade Agreement / Economic Partnership Agreement and the way in which Japanese agencies, particularly JICA, operate within the South Africa context. It is found that the FTA failed due to welfare concerns from the South African Department of Trade and Industry, as well as greater complications relating to trade agreements in general. These greater complications stem from the involvement of regional bodies such as the South African Customs Union. Japanese agencies are found to be constrained within South Africa by a lack of resources as well as by the independent and somewhat sceptical attitude of South African government agencies towards Japanese aid efforts. It is proposed that the relevance of extra national bureaucracies to the decision making process surrounding the FTA has implications for deploying the bureaucratic policy process model, which has generally only considered national bureaucracies in discussing how decisions are made. It is further suggested that South African trade deals are complicated by the country’s location within the South African Customs Union and the South African Development Community, and the consequent need to consult and negotiate with third parties who are likely to be impacted by such deals. Finally, it is suggested that because both South Africa and Japan face significant, but different economic challenges, they should prioritise improving their economic relations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ’n aangepaste burokratiese beleidsprosesmodel gebruik om die hedendaagse betrekkinge tussen Suid-Afrika en Japan te ontleed, veral wat betref ’n voorgestelde ekonomiese vennootskapsooreenkoms tussen die twee lande en die ervarings van Japannese agentskappe in Suid-Afrika. Suid-Afrika en Japan is groot handelsvennote, en die Japannese regering handhaaf ’n beduidende teenwoordigheid op die Afrika-hulptoneel deur middel van die Tokiose Internasionale Konferensie oor Afrika-ontwikkeling (TICAD) en die werk van die Japannese Internasionale Samewerkingsagentskap (JICA). Verskeie navorsers, waaronder Alden, Skidmore en Osada, het die betrekkinge tussen Suid-Afrika en Japan al op beskeie dog aansienlike wyse beskryf. Die burokratiese beleidsprosesmodel is al in ’n rits studies oor internasionale betrekkinge en besluitneming gebruik, in die besonder deur Graham Allison. Tog is dit nog nooit voorheen op betrekkinge tussen Suid-Afrika en Japan toegepas nie. Dus bestaan daar weinig inligting oor hoe burokratiese dinamiek die betrekkinge tussen hierdie twee lande raak. In antwoord hierop is ’n aangepaste burokratiese beleidsprosesmodel dus gebruik om die hedendaagse staatsbetrekkinge tussen Suid-Afrika en Japan te ontleed. Eerstens is ’n literatuuroorsig van primêre en sekondêre bronne onderneem wat uit ’n historiese oorsig van betrekkinge tussen Suid-Afrika en Japan bestaan het. Daarná is ’n oorsig van kontemporêre literatuur oor die verhoudinge tussen die twee lande onderneem. Dít het sowel sekondêre as primêre bronne met betrekking tot die huidige prioriteite en strategieë van staatsburokrasieë ingesluit. Hierdie afdeling sluit ook materiaal oor TICAD in. Onderhoude met staatsamptenare van die Japannese sowel as die Suid-Afrikaanse regerings is met behulp van ’n aangepaste stelsel van sneeubalsteekproefneming gevoer. Die onderhoude bied insig in die verskillende burokratiese organisasies se prioriteite en programme, sowel as hul verhoudings met ander organisasies. Twee temas wat uit hierdie data na vore gekom het, is vervolgens bespreek: die mislukking van ’n beoogde vryehandel-/ekonomiese vennootskapsooreenkoms, en die funksionering van Japannese agentskappe, veral JICA, in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Daar word bevind dat die vryehandelsooreenkoms misluk het weens welsynsbesware van die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van Handel en Nywerheid, sowel as groter komplikasies met betrekking tot handelsooreenkomste in die algemeen. Hierdie groter komplikasies hou verband met die betrokkenheid van streeksliggame soos die Suider-Afrikaanse Doeane-unie. Voorts blyk Japannese agentskappe in Suid-Afrika aan bande gelê te word deur ’n gebrek aan hulpbronne, sowel as Suid-Afrikaanse staatsagentskappe se onafhanklike en effens skeptiese houding jeens Japannese hulppogings. Die studie doen aan die hand dat die relevansie van bykomende nasionale burokrasieë in die besluitnemingsproses oor die vryehandelsooreenkoms bepaalde implikasies inhou vir die gebruik van die burokratiese beleidsprosesmodel, wat meestal slegs rekening hou met enkele nasionale burokrasieë se rol in besluitneming. Voorts blyk dit dat Suid-Afrikaanse handelstransaksies bemoeilik word deur die land se lidmaatskap van die Suider-Afrikaanse Doeane-unie en die Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap, en die gevolglike behoefte om oorleg te pleeg met derde partye wat waarskynlik deur sulke transaksies geraak sal word. Laastens word aangevoer dat aangesien Suid-Afrika en Japan met beduidende dog verskillende ekonomiese uitdagings te kampe het, die verbetering van ekonomiese betrekkinge tussen die twee lande nou voorrang behoort te geniet.
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Jalota, Annie. "India: Subsidy State or Developmental State?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/645.
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India does not fit easily into existing models of thought on the nature of a state and defies ease of understanding. Though India is most often considered to be a subsidy state, I show in this thesis the notion of the subsidy state does not capture the true nature of the Indian state. Chapter two of the paper looks at various models of understanding the nature of the Indian state and draw out three essential features: competing interest groups, how economic liberalization facilitates corruption and works against India’s aim of equalizing the capabilities and freedoms of all its citizens, and the role of the Indian state in development and how the failure to engage its citizens in the process has resulted in the current system. Chapter three looks at subsidies and cash transfers, discussing the problem of targeting and the design of programs. The fourth chapter, I share the methodology I used to categorize 581 centrally sponsored schemes. I did this to be able to disaggregate centrally sponsored schemes. For each scheme, I identified the state associated with each scheme, the target groups (intended beneficiaries) of each scheme, the types of benefits delivered, whether the receipt of the benefits were conditional or not, and the relevant policy areas of each scheme. I concluded that a closer look at the Indian state reveals that India may actually be more accurately identified as a developmental state which facilitates the enhancement of its citizens’ capabilities and freedoms.
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Mabuza, Linda Tengetile. "The influence of organisational culture on a high commitment work system and organisational commitment : the case of a Chinese multinational corporation in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017768.
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Chinese presence in Africa has been rapidly increasing in the past few years and has been speculated to be mainly due to China seeking Africa’s political alliance and access to Africa’s natural resources and growing consumer markets. The growing presence of Chinese organisations in Africa, however, has not been without its challenges. In particular, Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs) in search of consumer markets in Africa have been cited as facing human resource (HR) challenges which may affect their organisational performance. In this regard, literature on human resource management has already established the important role of organisational culture, HR practices and organisational commitment in enabling organisations to achieve superior organisational performance. Given the fact that there is currently little research knowledge of Chinese presence in Africa at the organisational level, this research aimed to contribute empirical knowledge to the growing body of research in this area. Specifically, the main purpose of this research was to examine how the organisational culture of a Chinese MNC’s South African subsidiary has shaped the nature of its high commitment work system (HCWS) and to assess the consequences thereof on organisational commitment. In alignment with the phenomenological paradigm, the research applied a descriptive and explanatory case study methodology in order to generate rich, qualitative data which was required for in-depth descriptions and to uncover the underlying interactions of the researched phenomena at the subsidiary. The selected case for the research was, therefore, a Chinese MNC operating in the personal computer (PC) industry, which had expanded its operations to South Africa in order to reach Africa’s growing consumer markets. In particular, the South African subsidiary served as a PC sales and distribution organisation for the Chinese MNC. There were about 40 employees at the subsidiary who were all South African employees. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with twelve employees from different job functions and across different job levels. Data collection was guided by the theoretical frameworks by Cameron and Freeman (1991) for organisational culture and Xiao and Bjorkman (2006) for the HCWS and organisational commitment. The data collected from interviews was then analysed through a qualitative, content analysis process. The findings of the research thus pointed to the market culture as the dominant organisational culture type at the South African subsidiary of the Chinese MNC; characteristics of the adhocracy and clan cultures were also discovered. The externally oriented market culture was found to be the most relevant for the high performance and market leadership aspirations of the subsidiary. The market culture also appears to be the most appropriate organisational culture that would enable the subsidiary to deal with the competitive nature of the PC industry. Furthermore, it was found that certain cultural values emphasised by the Confucian and Ubuntu value systems could have had a part to play in the formation of the subsidiary’s organisational culture. The market culture was also found to have had the greatest influence in shaping the primarily performance oriented HCWS practices. Of the investigated HR practices at the subsidiary, all were found to be consistent with HCWS practices, with the exception of ownership practices and the performance appraisal system. Finally, although there were generally high levels of organisational commitment reported at the subsidiary, other job and organisational context factors besides the HCWS practices were found to be the major contributors to those feelings of organisational commitment. By investigating the organisational culture, HCWS and organisational commitment of a Chinese MNC in South Africa, this research has added to the body of knowledge concerning the growing presence of Chinese organisations in Africa. Based on the empirical findings of this study, several recommendations have been made in an attempt to assist the Chinese MNC manage the organisational commitment of its South African employees towards superior organisational performance.
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Bester, Juan. "The political economy of the intellectual property rights regime : Aids and the generic medicine debate in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53144.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a descriptive and interpretive study into the political economy of intellectual property rights, the conceptual and practical implications for the phenomenon of global governance, and how developing countries experience problems with the implementation of national policies that infringe on international intellectual property rights. The specific area of interest is the generic medicine debate that ensued in South Africa after the alleged violation of patent rights of anti-HIV/Aids drugs by the Department of Health. The research question that is addressed is to what extent has the existing international intellectual property rights regime been influenced and/or undermined by South Africa's intended application of WTO regulations in terms of compulsory licensing and parallel imports of "essential" medicines. In doing so, the paper examines the roles of the important states, international organisations, institutions, and private sector firms within the sphere ofthe political economy of intellectual property and how they impede upon or improve the functioning of the intellectual property rights regime. The methodology entails analytical inquiries into documentary evidence on the nature of the international intellectual property rights regime. Areas that are examined are the agendas of the important actors, namely states and their respective departments; individuals and firms; and international organisations. The concept of intellectual property is examined to determine its dynamic role within the generic medicine debate. The thesis concludes that the agendas of pharmaceutical firms and states are exploiting current political stalemates in the negotiations for a fair intellectual property rights regime. National health agencies, and specifically the South African Department of Health, are under enormous pressure to provide affordable health services. Specifically, the US Government and US pharmaceutical firms are dominating discussions on the architecture of the international intellectual property law regime. By using an analysis incorporating systemic, domestic interest, institutional, and ideational perspectives, it is argued that South Africa's drive for a more distributive intellectual property rights regime has placed the issue of health, Aids and generic medicine firmly within the sphere of the political economy of trade agreements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n deskriptiewe en 'n interpretiewe studie oor die politieke ekonomie van intellektuele eiendomsregte, die konseptuele en praktiese implikasies vir die verskynsel van globale regering, en hoe ontwikkelende lande probleme ervaar met die implimentering van nasionale beleid wat internasionale intellektuele eiendomsregte aantas. Die spesifieke area van belang is die generiese medisyne debat wat onstaan het na die beweerde skending van patentregte van anti-HIVNigs medisyne deur die Departement van Gesondheid. Die navorsingsvraag wat beantwoord word behels die omvang van die impak van Suid- Afrika se voorgenome toepassing van WTO bepalinge, met betrekking tot die verpligte lisensiering en parallelle invoer van "essensiele" medisyne, op die bestaande internasionale intellektuele eiedomsreg regime. Hierdie tesis ondersoek vervolgens die rol van state, internasionale organisasies, instellings, en privaat sector firmas binne die sfeer van die politieke ekonomie van intellektuele eiendom en hoe hulle afsonderlik die funksionaliteit van die intellektuele eiendomsregte regime beïnvloed. Die metodologie behels 'n analitiese ondersoek van die literatuur oor die aard van internasionale intellektuele eiendomsreg regimes. Areas wat ondersoek word, is die agendas van belangrike akteurs, naamlik die staat en sy onderskeie departemente; individue en firmas; asook internasionale organisasies en instellings. Die konsep van intellektuele eiendom word ondersoek om die dinamiese uitwerking daarvan op die generiese medisyne debat te verstaan. Hierdie tesis voer aan dat die agendas van firmas, spesifiek farmaseutiese firmas en state die huidige politieke dooiepunt in die onderhandeling rondom 'n regverdige intellektuele iendomsregte-regime, uitbuit. Nasionale instellings, soos die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van Gesondheid, is onder groot druk om bekostigbare gesondheidsdienste te lewer. Die VSA en farmaseutiese firmas domineer onderhandelinge vir 'n nuwe struktuur vir die internasionale eiendomsregte-regime. Deur gebruik te maak van 'n analitiese raamwerk wat sistemiese, interne belange, institusionele, en ideologies perspektiewe inkorporeer, word daar geargumenteer dat Suid-Afrika se pogings om 'n meer distributiewe intellektuele eiendomsregte regime te verseker, die probleem van gesondheid, Vigs, en generiese medisyne binnne die sfeer van die politieke ekonomie van handelsooreenkomste, plaas.
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Woldemariam, Kasahun Reta. "A comparative case study of private investment and economic development in Ethiopia and Tanzania, 1986-1996." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2000. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/482.
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This study examined the contribution of foreign direct investment to economic development in Ethiopia and Tanzania from 1986 to 1996. Data for this study were obtained from the Ethiopian Investment Authority in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the Tanzanian Investment Promotion Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Other publications including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations Human Development Programme were also consulted. Using exploratory research method, this undertaking compared and contrasted foreign investment flows and the conditions under which the transfer of capital and technology help achieve the development objectives of the two countries. It also analyzed the investment policies and the role ofthe state in the transformation of the economies of Ethiopia and Tanzania. The results of the study suggest that the expectation that foreign technology and capital are necessary to transform the economies of Ethiopia and Tanzania is not fully confirmed. Moreover, the results of the study suggest that the investment policies were not reflective of the countries’ unique economic conditions. Additionally, the transformation of these economies from underdevelopment to development may be enhanced by strengthening the capacity of the state to build the human capital stock, provide reliable communication systems, and regulate anti-competitive practices.
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Saqer, Ali. "The visible power of the transnational capitalist class : the case of the World Economic Forum." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79438/.
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This thesis examines the role of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in the rule-making of 21st century global governance. If offers a critique of existing accounts on the transnational capitalist class (TCC) and the WEF, as a site of this class, that are based on an artificial differentiation between state and market actors. Such artificiality assumes a power relationship that allows market actors to discipline state managers and shape the state’s policy-making along their accepted principles and norms. Thus, the involvement of the state in the WEF’s activities is viewed as a manifestation of this disciplinary power. The thesis argues that the state participates in such activities in response to the imperative of managing capital-labour relations at a global level necessary to reproduce the capitalist social relations of production within its jurisdictions. From an Open Marxist perspective, it argues that the state is a political manifestation of class struggle and an inherent feature of the social relations of capital accumulation. Whilst this indicates that state managers pursue policies that favour the reproduction of the social relations of production, this imperative is not deterministic or a reflection of the disciplinary power of the market. This thesis shows that the argument that the WEF has an influence over the state’s social and economic policy-making is not supported by evidence. It presents a substantial, archive-based, re-assessment of the influence of the WEF’s discourse of international competitiveness over the state. It shows through studying the institutionalisation of competitiveness in the UK how the country has responded selectively to the imperative of state competitiveness. It demonstrates that the engagement of state managers with the discourse of competitiveness is an attempt to secure the circulation of global capital within the economy in order to help reproducing capital accumulation that drives economic growth, employment and living standards.
Books on the topic "International economic relations Case studies"
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Drezner, Daniel W. The sanctions paradox: Economic statecraft and international relations. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
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Kulkarni, Kishore G. International economic development: Theories, models & case studies of countries leading the change. New Delhi: Matrix Publishers, 2010.
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Salvatore, Dominick. Introduction to international economics. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.
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Andrew, Schmitz, ed. International agricultural trade disputes: Case studies in North America. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2005.
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The new economic diplomacy: Decision-making and negotiation in international economic relations. 3rd ed. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2011.
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1933-, Srinivasan T. N., and Wallack Jessica Seddon, eds. Federalism and economic reform: International perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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MVIRDC World Trade Centre, Bombay, ed. Geographical indications, its evolving contours. Mumbai: MVIRDC World Trade Centre, 2009.
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Introduction to international economics. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.
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Salvatore, Dominick. Introduction to International Economics. S.l: Wiley, 2005.
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International economics. Minneapolis/St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1995.
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Kaosa-ard, Mingsam Santikam, and Narongchai Akrasanee. "7. U.S.-Thai Relations: Selected Case Studies in Agribusiness." In ASEAN-U.S. Economic Relations, 177–201. Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute Singapore, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789814376921-011.
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Goldsmith, Benjamin E. "Case Studies: Foreign Capital and “Strategic” Enterprise Privatization." In Imitation in International Relations, 77–109. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403980489_6.
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Drilling, Matthias, Hannah Grove, Byron Ioannou, and Thibauld Moulaert. "Towards a Structural Embeddedness of Space in the Framework of the Social Exclusion of Older People." In International Perspectives on Aging, 193–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_15.
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AbstractCombating social exclusion of older adults is a key objective of European social policy. But from the beginning of the debate, social exclusion has mainly been interpreted as arising from economic circumstances. Doubts have been raised as to whether this narrow focus contributes to solving the problems identified. In particular, spatial aspects come to the fore, highlighting the fact that exclusion always happens in a specific place. However, spatial exclusion is often reduced to a territorial concept of ‘where’ the exclusion takes place. – but it is simplistic to state that everything happens in a space. The aim of this chapter is twofold. First, it presents a theoretical model, developed during and through the ROSEnet COST Action. The model integrates dimensions of age, space and exclusion in one perspective – the ASE Triangle. Second, this chapter explores the potential of the ASE Triangle to enhance our understanding of two specific European case studies of older people’s exclusion, in Greater Dublin – Ireland, and Nicosia – Cyprus. By ‘upgrading space’ as a theory-led idea we contribute to and challenge existing (human) gerontological theory of space. Similar to the exploration of a relational vision of space, our model does not only consider “experience” of space exclusion, but offers the possibility to simultaneously encompass it in societal processes.
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Lindemann, Björn Alexander. "Case Study 2: The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)." In Cross-Strait Relations and International Organizations, 161–85. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05527-1_5.
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Peleo, Aliya. "The case of agrarian reforms in Philippine-USA relations." In International Studies in the Philippines, 123–44. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429056512-10.
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Rubiolo, Florencia. "Political and economic perspectives on diversification in Philippine-South America relations." In International Studies in the Philippines, 161–78. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429056512-12.
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Sachs, Jeffrey. "The Economic Transformation of Eastern Europe: The Case of Poland." In International Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 197–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2206-1_10.
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Suzuki, Aya, and Vu Hoang Nam. "Blue Revolution in Asia: The Rise of the Shrimp Sector in Vietnam and the Challenges of Disease Control." In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 289–303. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_21.
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AbstractThe aquaculture sector has grown rapidly over the last two decades, particularly in Asia, providing a larger share of seafood for human consumption than capture fisheries. It has received attention for its contribution to poverty reduction and nutrition improvement for the poor. In this essay, we illustrate the brief history of the development of the aquaculture sector in Asia and present a case of the shrimp sector in Vietnam, one of the largest exporters in the global market in recent years. We show how the sector has developed, particularly in relation to rice production, using nationally-representative household-level data. We then examine a persistent challenge faced by the sector, the frequent occurrence of disease outbreaks, based on our analyses using primary data and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Specifically, we consider the role of spillovers among farmers and the importance of quantifying unobserved qualities in promoting the adoption of good practices. The effectiveness of digital technology in this area is discussed.
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Hafner, Gerhard. "The Effect of Soft Law on International Economic Relations." In Schriftenreihe der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Europaforschung (ECSA Austria) / European Community Studies Association of Austria Publication Series, 149–67. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6036-7_5.
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van Rossem, Jan Willem. "Pushing Limits: The Principle of Autonomy in the External Relations Case Law of the European Court of Justice." In EU External Action in International Economic Law, 35–68. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-391-7_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "International economic relations Case studies"
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Paul, Bénédique, Ahmad H. Juma'h, and Florys Dorante. "Entrepreneurs’ Perception of Banks’ Social Responsibility : A Haitian Case Study." In Sessions du CREGED à la 30e Conférence Annuelle de Haitian Studies Association. Editions Pédagie Nouvelle & Université Quisqueya, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54226/uniq.ecodev.18793_c4.
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Banks are the pillars of entrepreneurship expansion and economic development. In developing countries, where there is little public financial support for entrepreneurs, it is clear that banks, among other financial institutions, should be part of the solution to the problem of financing economic activity. As financial intermediaries, commercial banks need to enjoy good perception among entrepreneurs to improve their profitability. To achieve such objective, banks sometimes adopt social responsibility strategies to influence public perception of banks’ behavior. How do Haitian entrepreneurs perceive Haitian banks’ social responsibility? To answer this question, we collect empirical data among entrepreneurs of all size (micro, small and large). The findings help interesting discussions of banks perception among entrepreneurs divided by demographic (gender, location) and economic (sector, size, assets) characteristics. Among the main conclusions, we find that banks enjoy very bad perception among entrepreneurs (all size). Also, the special concessions given by the Government and other international institutions to the banking industry in Haiti help very few to increase the financial services for Haitian entrepreneurs. From our conclusion arise questions for future research to study the relations between entrepreneurs’ own practices of corporate social responsibility and their perception of banks social responsibility.
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Başeğmez, Nergiz, and Kerem Toker. "A Crossroad For Turkey: European Union Or Eurasian Economic Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01668.
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With a long and complicated history with Turkey's EU relations began in 1963 with Ankara Agreement. Turkey has been engaged the full membership since 2005 but nevertheless it could not have achieved results during the negotiations. Behind the slow pace of Turkey's membership, many political and cultural barriers can be shown. The events showed that reveals Turkey cannot be an EU member as soon as possible. This case may cause the Turkey have different pursuits in the political world arena. Turkey moved away from the EU, it can be motivated to participate in different political and economic union at the same time. Because, the world is constantly changing in terms of economic and political conditions and Turkey is hard to question the position in these new conditions. Founded in 2015 Eurasian Union has similar cultural and historical heritage alongside the geographical closely EAEU with Turkey. This common history may create opportunities for both sides. In this study, economic, social and political relations between Turkey and the EAEU countries are briefly discussed. Datas about this issue were gathered by Eurostat, europa.eu, wto.org and eurasiancommission.org etc. official data sources. The findings were compared with similar indicators between Turkey and the EU. So the EAEU is evaluated likely to be an alternative political and economic union to Turkey. Such a vision changes in Turkey will revise its economic and political stability of the region. This paper may contribute to further studies by providing a solid base.
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Stokmane, Maija, Anita Lontone-Ievina, and Raimonds Ernsteins. "Municipal integrated coastal governance approach: complimentary disciplinary instruments and collaboration pre-conditions." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.022.
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Municipal coastal governance practice also in Latvia has various limitations, and taking into account growing climate change adaptation challenges, new understanding and new approaches are to be studied and tested. Overall study frame is based on research-and-development approach. The aim of the research was to study how municipal coastal governance is functioning in practice, particularly, in the relation to the coastal dune protection zones (150/300 m) and further coastal territory behind that, applying whole list of governance instrument groups – political/legal, planning, and especially institutional instruments, also financial, infrastructure and, last but not least, coastal communication instruments. This was done via research-and-governance frame of the three coastal governance dimensions – governance content, stakeholders (governance segments) and governance instruments, realized in Jurmala municipality as especially nature-culture rich and due to tourist attraction also sensitive coastal pilot territory at the Latvia coast. Case study research methodology applied (document studies, observation and stakeholder’s interviews) were approving pre-study understanding, based on previous coastal governance studies, that also this territory with international coastal resort status and well developed municipal administration capacities have limited success on integrated coastal management (ICM) approach implementation and, subsequently, there are requirements on further development of disciplinary instruments and also collaboration governance as ICM preconditions. An integrated ICM approach was internationally designed and approved also for EU coastal countries, since comprehensive requirement to manage the adequate governance of the coast as complex socio-ecological system, but old shaped long existing traditional disciplinary/branch approaches of former and formal municipal planning and management does not really permit necessary innovations with cross-sectorial and cross-level integration perspectives. However, also orientation towards re-use and/or re-development of disciplinary ICM instruments, especially, to be designed and realized as complementary as possible and collaboration governance developments shall be seen as necessary pre-conditions for ICM adequate development.
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Bal, Harun, Erhan İşcan, Duygu Serin Oktay, and Duygu Kara. "The Nexus between Financial Development and Innovation: Case of OECD." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01942.
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Finance-growth nexus is a very known topic in the finance literature and most of the studies confirmed the finance-led growth hypothesis for all developed and developing countries. On the other hand, numerous studies investigated the impact of innovation on economic growth and found a substantial effect of the innovation. Especially for the last two decades almost every study agreed on the positive impact of financial development and innovation on growth. Besides various innovation-based growth models indicated that financial development is one of the main promoter of innovation-based economy. Financial development affects the efficiency of the market or the firm and this increases the innovation capacity. Despite this, only few studies focused on the relation of financial development and innovation. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the financial development and innovation for selected OECD countries. Especially this study highlighted the changing role of the financial markets to promote the innovative activity of OECD countries. For this purpose, ARDL model employed to analyze the nexus between the financial development and innovation. The empirical findings of this study provided more knowledge to implement more effective policies to policymakers.
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Vereš, Maroš, and Anna Tomová. "Regulatory framework for civil aviation between the EU and the UK after Brexit." In Práce a štúdie. University of Zilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.46.
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This paper deals with the topic of Brexit, and its objective is a complex description of the new regulatory framework of civil air transport in United Kingdom. The methods like description, analysis and synpaper were applied on extensive and diverse sources of information, e.g. case laws, regulations, studies or expert articles. The paper introduces a comprehensive set of facts that clarify the act of withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The explanation of the new regulatory framework of civil air transport for the United Kingdom, and its impact on the United Kingdom and the European Union, brings contribution to the students of Department of Air Transport. The significance of the work is mainly in the timeliness of the topic, that could subsequently be used as an educational material in the field of air transport within the international economic relations.
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Radulovic, Ana. "FINANCIAL CRISES AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ECONOMY." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.99.
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Economic structures are a major cause of long-term growth or stagnation. Different economic structures have different ranges of structural learning, innovation, and different effects on income distribution, which are key determinants of economic performance. Through theory about economic structures it is explained why institutions work differently in space and time. This paper shows using a case study in the United States, that the source of recent financial crises rests on the structural characteristics of the economy. Constant deindustrialization is increasing inequality, and a debt-intensive credit boom has emerged to offset the deflationary effects of this structural change. The strong application of the austerity system in Europe and other parts of the world, even after the evidence points to less frugal policies, illustrates the theory of power it has over public policy. The economic structure should be put at the center of analysis, to better understand the economic changes, income disparities and differences in the dynamics of political economy through time and space. This paper provides a critical overview of the rapidly developing comparative studies of institutions and economic performance, with an emphasis on its analytical and political implications. The paper tries to identify some conceptual gaps in the literature on economic growth policy. Emphasis is placed on the contrasting experiences of East Asia and Latin America. This paper argues that the future investments in this field should be based on rigorous conceptual difference between the rules of the game and the game, and between the political and institutional, embedded in the concept of management. It also emphasizes the importance of a serious understanding of the endogenous and distributive nature of institutions and steps beyond the narrow approach of property law relations in management and development. By providing insights from the political channels through which institutions affect economic performance, this paper aims to contribute to the consolidation of theoretically based, empirically based and relevant to policy research on political and institutional foundations of growth and prosperity.
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Bie´th, Michel R., and Paolo Contri. "Research Studies in Support of Nuclear Power Plant Life Management." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48963.
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The analysis of the plant operating practice in European countries shows a growing interest in plant life management programs (PLIM), integrating nuclear safety, economic and knowledge management issues in operating procedures and tools able to support optimised decision making. Such a trend is considered essential in market economies where optimised asset management is becoming imperative, keeping safety at the highest possible level. It is recognised that only an integrated approach to the management of some key safety and non-safety programs could guarantee full control on the plant assets, providing also invaluable frameworks for refined plant overall safety assessment, even in the long term, beyond the plant design life. The PLIM programs specifically address and control ageing phenomena, support optimisation of maintenance strategies, plan major plant reconstruction works, drive plant staff knowledge management and optimise economic resources. R&D is essential to support this development process of PLIM models, especially in the analysis of both the technical issues related to all types of component ageing, and in the challenging integration of safety and non-safety programs, such as in the case of maintenance optimisation, spare part management, staff ageing, and component obsolescence. The European Commission took important initiatives in contributing and supporting this R&D effort in selected PLIM areas, in the framework of the EURATOM programme, both by “direct actions” i.e. projects managed and executed by its Directorate General Joint Research Centres (JRC) and by indirect actions i.e. funding selected projects, managed by the Directorate General Research (RTD). This paper outlines the JRC’s priorities in the current 7th Framework Programme in relation to R&D tasks for PLIM methods to support the highest safety level at member NPPs and appropriate decision-making tools, also in view of long-term safe operation of the European plants. Some results made available by the on-going research programs are also shortly described, in the areas of PLIM models and operational indicators respectively.
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Salomone, Veronica. "Strategie di sopravvivenza: riciclare – rigenerare – includere nella città mediterranea." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8013.
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Le trasformazioni che investono la città mediterranea contemporanea rendono l’abitare sempre
più complesso e contaminato. La precarietà è una condizione ricorrente che genera paesaggi
imprevedibili e incostanti. Nasce l’esigenza di rileggere la città attraverso le sue stratificazioni
non più solo materiali: si abita riciclando spazi, stravolgendo relazioni, utilizzando strategie di
mercato inusuali. La città perde la sua organicità apparente ma, trasformandosi, mantiene i suoi
elementi fondanti, sopravvivendo nelle forme di autocostruzione e appropriazione, nelle
relazioni sociali e negli assetti economici.
La condizione di sopravvivenza si fa strategia e nuova frontiera dell’abitare.
La tesi trova le sue argomentazioni in contesti dove condizioni ambientali e socio-economiche
generano paesaggi al limite della sopravvivenza.
È il caso del Cairo in cui interi quartieri sono stati trasformati dall’ingente domanda di
sopravvivenza. In particolare, il paper vuole approfondire il caso studio della Città dei Morti.
Inizialmente occupata da strutture temporanee di parenti adoranti, Al-Qarāfa è oggi abitata da
circa un milione di egiziani. La densità abitativa è alta e i servizi non sempre sufficienti, per cui
le autorità locali decisero nel 2010 di radere al suolo intere sezioni del cimitero attraverso
l’attuazione del piano urbanistico Cairo 2050, stravolgendo l’impianto originario dell’area.
Qual’è il ruolo del progetto? Quali sono i modelli politici, economici e sociali in grado di
rigenerare la città mediterranea contemporanea? Si può ancora parlare di ‘modello
mediterraneo’? The transformations that affect the contemporary Mediterranean city make the way of living
more and more complex and contaminated. Precariousness is a recurring condition that
generates unforeseeable and variable landscapes. It becomes necessary to reassess the city
through its layers not only the material ones: you live by recycling spaces, changing
relationships, using unusual market strategies. The city loses its apparent organicity but,
transforming itself, keeps its basic elements, surviving in self-constructions and appropriation
forms, in social relations and in the economic arrangements.
The condition of survival becomes strategy and new border of living. The thesis finds its arguments in contexts where environmental and socio-economic conditions
produce landscapes at the limits of survival.
This is the case of Cairo where entire districts have been transformed by the huge demand of
survival.
In particular, the paper wants to deepen the study case of the City of the Dead.
Initially occupied by temporary structures of adoring relatives, Al-Qarāfa is today inhabited by
about a million of Egyptians. The population density is high and the services aren't always
enough, so the local authorities decided in the 2010 to demolish entire sections of the cemetery
through the implementation of the development plan Cairo 2050, changing the original structure
of the area. What is the role of the project? What are the political, economic and social models
capable of regenerating the contemporary mediterranean city? Can we still speak of
'Mediterranean model'?
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Uvarova, Inga, Dzintra Atstaja, Viola Korpa, and Miks Erdmanis. "Financial viability of circular business models in tyre recycling industry in Latvia." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.028.
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The end-of-life (EOL) tyre recycling industry in Latvia is encountering economic and sustainability challenges, which require solutions by various stakeholders. Improvement of tyre waste management and recycling is important within the context of sustainability and the new streamlining of circular business models. Its importance is also recognized at the European Union level in relation to the further strategic goals and the European Green Deal. In addition, the tyre recycling industry in Latvia demonstrates a relatively unfavorable financial situation, which is one of the most significant factors hindering the introduction of new circular business models. The aim of this research is to clarify the challenges related to the financial viability of tyre recycling companies adopting the new circular business models. The main research methods are literature review, semistructured in-depth interviews, case studies and financial analyses. There are large stocks of EOL tyres and on average just 50 % of them are recycled. The tyre waste management companies are not motivated to supply EOL tyres to recycling companies. On the other hand, due to various reasons, most of the tyre recycling companies are not working with their maximum production capacity. The research results reveal that the tyre recycling companies mostly run traditional and inefficient business models that require large operating costs and ensure comparatively low profitability. In order to enable more efficient and environmentally friendly type recycling process, the companies should implement new, investment intensive technologies. Yet, they face critical issues of liquidity and financial returns. Major conclusions are related to the necessity to develop several business models interlinked within one portfolio thus ensuring the manufacturing of various products with higher added value and quality. This may maximise the profits and improve the financial viability of tyre recycling business models.
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Stojanovska-Stefanova, Aneta. "International Relations and Policy Development of the Republic of Macedonia." In International Conference on Economic and Social Studies. International Burch University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14706/icesos174.
Full textReports on the topic "International economic relations Case studies"
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Johnson, Eric M., and Robert Chew. Social Network Analysis Methods for International Development. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0026.2105.
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Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a promising yet underutilized tool in the international development field. SNA entails collecting and analyzing data to characterize and visualize social networks, where nodes represent network members and edges connecting nodes represent relationships or exchanges among them. SNA can help both researchers and practitioners understand the social, political, and economic relational dynamics at the heart of international development programming. It can inform program design, monitoring, and evaluation to answer questions related to where people get information; with whom goods and services are exchanged; who people value, trust, or respect; who has power and influence and who is excluded; and how these dynamics change over time. This brief advances the case for use of SNA in international development, outlines general approaches, and discusses two recently conducted case studies that illustrate its potential. It concludes with recommendations for how to increase SNA use in international development.
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Torres-Mancera, Rocio, Carlos de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado, and Patricia P. Iglesias-Sanchez. Public Relations and the Fundraising professional in the Cultural Heritage Industry: a study of Spain and Mexico / Las relaciones públicas y el profesional de la captación de fondos en la industria del patrimonio cultural: un estudio de España y México. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-21-2021-03-27-48.
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The present research aims to understand the current situation of strategic communication and public relations applied in the professional field of fundraising in the cultural heritage environment. It observes the current patterns used in the sector to obtain and generate long-term sustainable funding, through the stimulation of investors and International Cooperation projects from the European Union in line with UNESCO. Two international case studies are compared: Spain and Mexico, through the selection of territorial samples in Malaga and San Luis Potosi. The methodology used is based on a combination of in-depth interviews with key informants and content analysis. In the first instance, the degree of application of communication and public relations tools for strategic purposes to directly attract economic resources to the management of cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) in the region is studied. In line with the results obtained, the current parameters and key indicators of the profile of the fundraising professional in public and private cultural management are presented.
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Lamarque, Hugh, and Hannah Brown. Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics Between Uganda and Kenya in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.043.
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This brief summarises key considerations concerning cross-border dynamics between Uganda and Kenya in the context of the outbreak of Ebola (Sudan Virus Disease, SVD) in Uganda. It is part of a series focusing on at-risk border areas between Uganda and four high priority neighbouring countries: Kenya; Rwanda; Tanzania, and South Sudan. The outbreak began in Mubende District, Uganda on 19 September 2022, approximately 340km from the Kenyan border. At the time of writing (December 2022), the outbreak had spread to eight Ugandan districts, including two in the Kampala metropolitan area. Kampala is a transport hub, with a population over 3.6 million. While the global risk from SVD remains low according to the World Health Organization (WHO), its presence in the Ugandan capital has significantly heightened the risk to regional neighbours. Kenya is categorised as a priority level 1 country, following a case in Jinja on the road between Kampala and the Kenyan border, on 13 November 2022. A total of 23 suspected cases were tested in Kenya up to 1 December 2022, all with negative results. To date, no case of SVD has been imported into the country from Uganda. This brief provides details about cross-border relations between the two states, the political and economic dynamics likely to influence these, and the specific areas and actors most at risk. The brief is based on a rapid review of existing published and grey literature, news reports, previous ethnographic research in Kenya and Uganda, and informal discussions with colleagues from the International Organisation for Migration, UNICEF, UNDP, Save the Children, the Kenyan Red Cross Society, the Kenyan Ministry of Health (MoH) and Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries in Kenya, and the Safe Water and AIDS project in Kisumu. It was requested by the Collective Service, written by Hugh Lamarque (University of Edinburgh) and Hannah Brown (Durham University) and supported by Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). It was further reviewed by colleagues from Anthrologica, the Institute of Development Studies, and the Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Walsh, Alex, and Ben Hassine. Mediation and Peacebuilding in Tunisia: Actors and Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.061.
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This Helpdesk Report is part mapping of the mediation and peacebuilding actors in Tunisia and part review of the available literature. There are a host of governmental and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are involved in the mediation of conflicts and peacebuilding, both in formal and informal ways. There is overlap in the principles and goals of peacebuilding and mediation; many organisations conduct both practices, intermingling them. Local, regional, national and international actors have applied mediation and peacebuilding to many different types of conflict in the past decade in Tunisia, involving varied parties. The case studies included in this rapid review cover conflicts relating to labour and the economy, the environment, basic services, constitutional/political disputes, and women’s rights. They involve local communities, the unemployed national and regional trade unions, civil society organisations (CSOs), national utility and mineral companies, and political parties.
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Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Panthea Pouramin, Rupal Brahmbhatt, Cameron Fioret, Talia Glickman, K. Bruce Newbold, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Migration and Water: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/lkzr3535.
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Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.
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Khuder, Wafaa Sabah. Rehabilitating Heritage After ISIS: Economic, Sociocultural, and Historical Considerations in the Case Studies of Al-Nouri Mosque, Al-Hadba Minaret, and Lalish Temple. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.004.
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This paper explores three case studies of the Al-Nouri Mosque, Al-Hadba Minaret, and Lalish Temple in the aftermath of the ISIS war of 2014–17 and the occupation of Nineveh governorate. It analyses the role of these sites as part of northern Iraq’s heritage and the mechanisms in place for their reconstruction and preservation. The paper explores the role of the different actors and how these have influenced different understandings of heritage and therefore different responses and approaches to restoration. It argues for the role that international organisations such as UNESCO have in monitoring reconstruction processes, as well as the role of international aid in heritage protection, along with the importance of community consultations and of responding to the needs of affected communities in the rehabilitation process.
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Barton, Frederick D. Testimony: Statement of Frederick D. Barton, Senior Fellow and Director, Post-Conflict Reconstruction Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies, before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate on Accelerating Economic Progress in Iraq"". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada438876.
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Avis, William. Refugee and Mixed Migration Displacement from Afghanistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.002.
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This rapid literature review summarises evidence and key lessons that exist regarding previous refugee and mixed migration displacement from Afghanistan to surrounding countries. The review identified a diverse literature that explored past refugee and mixed migration, with a range of quantitative and qualitative studies identified. A complex and fluid picture is presented with waves of mixed migration (both outflow and inflow) associated with key events including the: Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989); Afghan Civil War (1992–96); Taliban Rule (1996–2001); War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). A contextual picture emerges of Afghans having a long history of using mobility as a survival strategy or as social, economic and political insurance for improving livelihoods or to escape conflict and natural disasters. Whilst violence has been a principal driver of population movements among Afghans, it is not the only cause. Migration has also been associated with natural disasters (primarily drought) which is considered a particular issue across much of the country – this is associated primarily with internal displacement. Further to this, COVID-19 is impacting upon and prompting migration to and from Afghanistan. Data on refugee and mixed migration movement is diverse and at times contradictory given the fluidity and the blurring of boundaries between types of movements. Various estimates exist for numbers of Afghanistan refugees globally. It is also important to note that migratory flows are often fluid involving settlement in neighbouring countries, return to Afghanistan. In many countries, Afghani migrants and refugees face uncertain political situations and have, in recent years, been ‘coerced’ into returning to Afghanistan with much discussion of a ‘return bias’ being evident in official policies. The literature identified in this report (a mix of academic, humanitarian agency and NGO) is predominantly focused on Pakistan and Iran with a less established evidence base on the scale of Afghan refugee and migrant communities in other countries in the region. . Whilst conflict has been a primary driver of displacement, it has intersected with drought conditions and poor adherence to COVID-19 mitigation protocols. Past efforts to address displacement internationally have affirmed return as the primary objective in relation to durable solutions; practically, efforts promoted improved programming interventions towards creating conditions for sustainable return and achieving improved reintegration prospects for those already returned to Afghanistan.
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Carty, Anthony, and Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.
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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.
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Godenau, Dirk. Migration and the economy. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.02.
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Economic reasons are among the basic explanatory factors of migration, whether international or internally within a country. In turn, migratory movements have effects on the economy in terms of economic growth in general, but also in the different markets (work, housing, consumer goods, etc.) and public services (education, health, social services, etc.). The purpose of this document is to offer an overview of these interactions between migration and the economy in the case of the Canary Islands. To do this, certain conceptual clarifications will be made initially involving the mutual determination of both processes, before later providing specifics with evidence on the Canarian case for the main issues considered: the economic reasons for migration, and its impact on economic growth, the labour market and the living conditions of the immigrant population. The final section alludes to the importance of the institutional framework that regulates these relations between migration and the economy, which are far from being interpretable as a mechanical relationship and isolated from the political sphere.