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Griffiths, Mark E. L. "International policy coordination and interdependence : the case of European Monetary integration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358580.
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Waitt, G. R. "International specialisation of manufacturing activity and economic integration within the European Economic Community." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384256.
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Gómez, Tello Alicia. "The european integration process: trade, mobility, and policy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384937.
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La Unión Europea (UE) constituye uno de los procesos de integración más completos del mundo. Sin embargo, todavía se detectan importantes diferencias sociales y económicas entre sus países miembros, y dichas diferencias podrían limitar los efectos positivos asociados con cualquier proceso de integración.
El objetivo de esta disertación es examinar fortalezas y debilidades relacionadas con el proceso de integración europeo.
La tesis se centra en tres aspectos específicos: la integración comercial, la movilidad de capital y personas y la efectividad de la Política Agraria Común (PAC).
En el Capítulo 2, “What Are the Most Important Partners of the Most Recently Admitted EU Countries” , se investiga si la quinta ampliación de la UE (2004) supuso una integración comercial para los nuevos países miembros (UE-10). Para ello se construye una base de datos que recoge información sobre los flujos comerciales de los países de la UE-10 con 180 socios comerciales durante el periodo 1999–2011. Aunque los resultados reflejan que hubo una integración comercial entre los nuevos y viejos socios a partir de 2004, dicha integración fue más pronunciada entre los países de la UE-10. Por tanto, los resultados confirman que las raíces históricas de los nuevos socios han condicionado su integración con los países de la UE-15.
En el Capítulo 3, “Foreign Direct Investment and Immigration Inflows in Spain”, se investigan los determinantes de la entrada de inversión extranjera directa (IED) en España. Este país perdió parte de sus factores atractivos como destinatario de IED después de las ampliaciones de la UE hacia el este. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se construye una base de datos tras combinar dos fuentes de datos específicos: uno relacionado con las empresas y el otro con los trabajadores. Los resultados muestran que los inversores extranjeros se localizan en lugares donde hay una mano de obra con una cualificación media en lugar de una cualificación alta, tal y como concluye la mayor parte de la literatura empírica relacionada con los determinantes de IDE. Este resultado revela la existencia de problemas estructurales en el entorno empresarial español, ya que los inversores extranjeros están principalmente atraídos por incentivos transitorios. Dicha situación imposibilita que España pueda gozar de un adecuado ambiente empresarial apto para atraer IED en el largo plazo.
Finalmente, en el Capítulo 4, “Land Specialization in Spain: The Effects of the Common Agricultural Policy”, se investiga en qué medida la PAC ha afectado la eficiencia de la producción agraria en España. A partir del trabajo de Costinot y Donaldson (2012), se desarrolla una estrategia empírica que consiste en comparar la producción real con la potencial, esta última calculada a partir de un ejercicio de optimización que recoge implícitamente el concepto de coste de oportunidad. Los resultados identifican una mejora en la eficiencia de la producción agraria en España tras su adhesión a la UE (1986) y, sobre todo, tras la reforma Fischler (2003). Esta reforma rompió el link entre subsidios y nivel de producción y, consecuentemente, produjo un cambio significativo en los incentivos de producción, ahora basados en las características del mercado y no en lo requerimientos necesarios para obtener los subsidios.
Por tanto, a pesar de que se han detectado efectos positivos asociados con el proceso de integración europeo, también se han encontrado circunstancias en las que dichos efectos han sido menores de lo esperado. Con el fin de permitir que el proyecto europeo progrese adecuadamente, dichas debilidades —la mayoría relacionadas con las diferenciase económicas entre los estados miembros— deberían ser solventadas.The European Union is experiencing one of the most complete integration process in the world. Nevertheless, there still exist important social and economic differences among its member states, and these differences could limit the positive effects associated with the integration process. The objective of this dissertation is to examine the benefits and drawbacks of a number of selected features entailed by the European integration process. We focus on three specific aspects: trade integration among EU member states, the free mobility of capital and workers, and the true effectiveness of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). In Chapter 2, “What Are the Most Important Partners of the Most Recently Admitted EU Countries,” we investigate whether the fifth EU enlargement (2004) truly generated a trade integration effect for new member states (EU-10). To tackle this question, we build a database by compiling the information referring to trade flows among EU-10 countries and 180 commercial partners during 1999–2011. Though our results show that trade flow intensity between EU-15 and EU-10 countries increased after 2004, the trade integration effect was much stronger within the EU-10 group. This finding confirms that the historical background of EU-10 countries conditioned their trade integration with EU-15 countries, especially in sectors with more technological content. The Chapter 3, “Foreign Direct Investment and Immigration Inflows in Spain,” investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Spain. This country lost part of its principal attractiveness as an FDI recipient after the EU enlargements to the east. We provide a quantitative assessment of the importance of agglomeration economies, network effects, and labor market composition in attracting FDI. To conduct our analysis, we create a novel database after adapting and merging information from two micro-data sources: one for companies and the other for workers. Our results highlight that incoming foreign investors privilege the hiring of medium-skilled workers rather than high-skilled ones, as is often found in the empirical research of FDI determinants. This result reveals the existence of structural problems in the Spanish business environment—namely, foreign investors are principally attracted by monetary or transitory incentives that make the interest to locate in Spain a temporally limited strategy. Unfortunately, this situation prevents Spain from building and enjoying a qualified business environment that could be able to attract more long-term FDI. Finally, in Chapter 4, “Land Specialization in Spain: The Effects of the Common Agricultural Policy,” we investigate the extent to which the CAP affected the level of agricultural production in Spain. Following Costinot and Donaldson (2012), the pivotal technique of our strategy involves comparing actual output with potential output, the latter of which derives from an optimization problem relying on the Ricardian idea of opportunity cost. Ultimately, our results identify an improvement of the agricultural production efficiency after Spain entered the European Economic Community (1986) and, above all, after the Fischler reform (2003). The 2003 CAP reform broke the linkage between subsidies and production. This provided the right incentives to impulse real production in Spain since made production strategies more connected with the market devices than subsidy requirements. Overall, although our research quantifies the existence of positive effects associated with the European integration process, we also detect specific circumstances in which the effects of integration have been different from the expected ones. However, these weaknesses—most of them associated with the lack of strong economic ties among all member estates—need to be overcome in order to allow the European project progress.
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Beckfield, Jason. "The consequences of regional political and economic integration for inequality and the welfare state in Western Europe." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3183488.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2005.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-08, Section: A, page: 3111. Adviser: Arthur S. Alderson. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 5, 2006).
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Golab, Anna. "An investigation into the volatility and cointegration of emerging European stock markets." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/572.
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This dissertation examines the interaction between European Emerging markets including cointegration, volatility, correlation and spillover effects. This study is also concerned with the process of the enlargement of the European Union and how this affects the emerging markets of newcomers. The twelve emerging markets studied are Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungry, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, which are all progressing very rapidly in their reforms and domestic economic stability.
The majority of prior studies on stock market comovements and integration have concentrated on mature developed markets or the advanced emerging markets of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland whilst the behaviour and interrelationship of other Central and Eastern European equity markets has been neglected. This study fills that gap.
There are two key aspects investigated in this study. Firstly the cointegration between studied emerging markets and secondly the volatility and spillover effects.
The cointegration analysis examines the short and long run behaviour of the twelve emerging stock markets and assesses the impact of the EU on stock market linkages as revealed by the time series behaviour of their stock market indices. The adopted time- series framework incorporates the Johansen procedure, Granger Causality tests, Variance Decompositions and Impulse Response analyses. The cointegration results for both pre- and post- EU periods confirm the existence of long run relationships between markets. Granger Causality relationships are indentified among the most advanced emerging markets. The Variance Decomposition analyses find evidence of regional integration amongst the markets. Furthermore, the Impulse Response function illustrates that the shocks in returns for all twelve markets persist for very short time periods.
The volatility and spillover analysis applies several univariate models of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity, including GARCH, GJR and EGARCH. The models used in the analysis of cross market effects include CCC, diagonal BEKK, VARMA GARCH and VARMA AGARCH. Overall, the econometric analysis using these models shows stock market integration during the pre-EU period, however interdependence of the markets is established for the post-EU period. The results provide important information on the impact of the accession of new countries to the EU, with clear evidence of stability in Central and Eastern Europe markets and integration within the region.
This study has important implications for investors wishing to diversify across national markets, such as the implications of growing asset correlations, if they are displayed, and whether investors should diversify outside the Central and Eastern European countries. It could be argued that the former Eastern block economies constitute emerging markets which typically offer attractive risk adjusted returns for international investors. Moreover, stock market comovement is of considerable interest to policy makers from a perspective of the effects on the macroeconomy, the planning of monetary policy and impact of the degree of stock market comovements on the stability of international monetary policy.
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Šerić, Adnan. "Three empirical essays on determinants of industry and investment location patterns in the context of economic transition and regional integration : the evidence from Central and Eastern European countries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2098.
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The factor determinants of industry and investment location patterns in transition economies can be expected to differ from those frequently observed in developed countries. Historically, centrally planned economies have suffered from inefficient industrial policies that are generally assumed to have had distortive effects on spatial location of industry. The process of economic transition and regional integration that followed the demise of socialist structures is assumed to have subsequently affected the geographical distribution of economic activities within and between countries of the region. Given the above this thesis capitalises on the quasi-natural experiment setting to further explore industry and investment location decisions in transition economies. In particular, the research presented here follows three main objectives. First, it intends to provide a comprehensive picture of changes in industry location patterns over time. Second, it aims to contribute to the debate on factor determinants of industry location at various levels of spatial aggregation. Third, it seeks to explore location determinants of foreign direct investors in particular, given their pivotal role for economic development of transition economies. In all instances, the research is geared towards a better understanding of the role of institutional factors, such as reforms and policies, in affecting distribution of economic activity across space. Thus, the work conducted qualifies as a further contribution to the analysis of structural changes that have affected the economies under examination. In broad terms, the findings presented here point towards significant changes in spatial location patterns of industry and investments that are leading to increased polarisation of economic landscape over time. Nonetheless, we find evidence that certain institutional factors qualify as viable policy levers, thereby providing ample scope for policy makers to impact existing location patterns of economic activity.
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Ette, John Umo. "The Impact of Economic Integration within the European Union as a Factor in Conflict Transformation and Peace-Building." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1893.
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This study examines economic integration within the European Union (EU) as a factor in conflict transformation and peace-building. European responses to causes of frequent conflicts and wars after the end of WWII focused on the search for peace, economic cooperation and prosperity. This thesis will focus on three elements: economic interdependence, the expansion of the free market, and economic integration. In-depth examination of these factors reveals that economic interdependence or the exchange of goods and services across inter-state and international boundaries only, is not sufficient to bring peace among states. Economic inter-dependence may reduce the impact of war, but cannot maintain sustainable peace. Unfair competition fanned by economic nationalism was a strong obstacle to free trade in Europe in the early 19th century. In the 21st century, the expansion of free trade, with increased understanding has enhanced reduction in interstate conflicts. However, free trade, in and of itself does not constitute a strong factor for a sustainable peace. Free trade may encourage democracy, but the expansion of free trade coupled with interdependence, does not bring sustainable peace. The EU has successfully established sustainable peace through economic integration-the creation of the single market that established freedom of movement, people, goods, services; and a single currency that facilitates easy transactions. The single market also abolished tariffs and custom duties. By and large, economic integration within the EU has been successful in creating a sustainable peace because economic interdependence, and the expansion of the free market have been combined with political integration by building democratic institutions at the intergovernmental and transnational levels.
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Kenealy, Daniel Peter. "Protected and confederated : power politics and the forging of European Union." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8182.
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This thesis explores the origins and evolution of European integration through the lens of classical realism. Classical realism, as an approach to International Relations, has had little to say about one of the most fascinating and politically important developments in the post-war international system, namely the effort by Western European states to integrate economically from the 1950s onwards. Grounded in classical realism’s ontology of power and the desire by states to secure autonomy and exert influence in the international system the thesis argues that a combination of military power, economic power, and power over opinion can explain the main contours and dynamics of integration. At the core of the argument is the idea of ‘Three Europe’s’ – Protected Europe, Confederated Europe, and a Europe of States – which have coexisted in a stable equilibrium for most of the post-war era. Protected Europe is grounded in both the military power and capacity of the United States and the national interest of the United States, remarkably static from 1945 onwards, to play a hegemonic role within the European military and security sphere. It was Protected Europe that created the military security and stability necessary for Western European states to pursue economic integration. It altered the guns versus butter trade-off and permitted Western European states to invest more in their welfare states. Most importantly if resolved the security dilemma that had existed between the most powerful states on the continent, France and Germany, and created a context in which their interaction shifted to one of intensive cooperation. The product was Confederated Europe. The logic at the core of Confederal Europe was a desire by France to bind Germany, and consent by the Germans to be bound. This was done for a variety of reasons. Internally the concern was to exert as much control over Germany as possible and Germany’s long-term national interest – to secure normalisation, independence, and reunification – complemented this urge. Externally the concern was to secure autonomy in the global economic system and to project power and influence within that system. But the components of the confederation remained distinct nation states and thus a Europe of States existed in an often uneasy tension with Confederal Europe. The fault line between a supranational economic structure and a political structure still tied to the states created intermittent tensions and political earthquakes that have punctuated the history of post-war Europe. However, throughout the period the European masses formed a permissive consensus vis-à-vis integration and, given the rather limited and technical nature of the confederation, this minimised the inherent tension between Confederal Europe and the Europe of States. All three Europe’s are, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, in a state of flux. The decline in the relative power of the United States, and the rise of new challenges in the Asia-Pacific, has triggered a strategic pivot away from Europe and a weakening of the commitment to Protected Europe. How Europe will manage this shift remains unclear but a more prominent European leadership role in NATO or a rejuvenated and more focused European security and defence policy seem necessary. The historical balance between a France that wished to bind and a Germany that consented to be bound has shifted palpably. More willing to act as a ‘normalised’ power in the European system, Germany has emerged as a clearly dominant actor and this will require a shift in the diplomatic practices of a European system that has become used to France leading and Germany both following and supplying the supporting economic power. If Confederal Europe is to survive it must accept stronger German leadership. Finally the permissive consensus at the mass level is being eroded as European integration touches upon ever-more salient policy spheres. This means that the power of the idea of Europe has to be strengthened and entrenched more firmly, thus diluting the prominence of the Europe of States, or integration must retrench to bring its competences back into line with its legitimacy.
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Galgau, Olivia. "Essays in international economics and industrial organization." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210773.
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The aim of the thesis is to further explore the relationship between economic integration and firm mobility and investment, both from an empirical and a theoretical perspective, with the objective of drawing conclusions on how government policy can be used to strengthen the positive impact of integration on investment, which is crucial in moving and maintaining countries at the forefront of the technology frontier and accelerating economic growth in a world of rapid technical change and high mobility of ideas, goods, services, capital and labor.The first chapter aims to bring together the literature on economic integration, firm mobility and investment. It contains two sections: one dedicated to the literature on FDI and the second covering the literature on firm entry and exit, economic performance and economic and business regulation.
In the second chapter I examine the relationship between the Single Market and FDI both in an intra-EU context and from outside the EU. The empirical results show that the impact of the Single Market on FDI differs substantially from one country to another. This finding may be due to the functioning of institutions.
The third chapter studies the relationship between the level of external trade protection put into place by a Regional Integration Agreement(RIA)and the option of a firm from outside the RIA block to serve the RIA market through FDI rather than exports. I find that the level of external trade protection put in place by the RIA depends on the RIA country's capacity to benefit from FDI spillovers, the magnitude of set-up costs of building a plant in the RIA and on the amount of external trade protection erected by the country from outside the reigonal block with respect to the RIA.
The fourth chapter studies how the firm entry and exit process is affected by product market reforms and regulations and impact macroeconomic performance. The results show that an increase in deregulation will lead to a rise in firm entry and exit. This in turn will especially affect macroeconomic performance as measured by output growth and labor productivity growth. The analysis done at the sector level shows that results can differ substantially across industries, which implies that deregulation policies should be conducted at the sector level, rather than at the global macroeconomic level.
Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Tanrikulu, Osman Goktug. "A Dissatisfied Partner: A Conflict - Integration Analysis of Britain's Membership in the European Union." PDXScholar, 2013. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1064.
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Since 2009, the European Union has faced the worst economic crisis of its history. Due to the devastating impact of the Eurozone crisis on their economies, European countries realized the need to deepen the integration. Without a fiscal union, the Monetary Union would always be prone to economic crises. However, the efforts to reinforce the Union’s economy have been hampered by the UK due to its obsession with national sovereignty and lack of European ideals. In opposing further integration, the UK officials have started to speak out about the probability of leaving the EU.
The purpose of this paper is to present benefits and challenges of Britain’s EU membership and to assess the consequences of leaving the Union both for the UK and for the EU. This study utilizes Power Transition theory to analyze British impact on European integration. With the perspective of this theory, the UK is defined as a dissatisfied partner. By applying the conflict– cooperation model of Brian Efird, Jacek Kugler and Gaspare Genna, the effect of the UK’s dissatisfaction is empirically portrayed.
The empirical findings of the conflict– integration model clearly show that Britain’s dissatisfaction has a negative impact on European integration and jeopardizes the future of the Union. Power Transitions analysis indicates that the UK would become an insignificant actor in the international system and lose the opportunity for the Union’s leadership if it leaves the EU. On the other hand, although Britain’s departure would be a significant loss in terms of capability, economic coherence is more important for the EU. Without enough commitment for the Union, increasing the level of integration with the UK would raise the probability of conflict with the integration process in the future.
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Defraigne, Jean-Christophe P. L. G. "De l'intégration nationale à l'intégration continentale: analyse de la dynamique d'intégration supranationale européenne et de ses liens avec les changements technologiques des processus de production dans une perspective de long terme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211359.
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Spelman, Greg Thomas. "Reconciling a policy of neutrality with the prospect of integration : Ireland, the European economic community, and Ireland's United Nations policy, 1965-1972." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15787/1/Greg_Spelman_Thesis.pdf.
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The decade of the 1960s was a period of significant evolution in the foreign policy priorities of the Republic of Ireland. On 31 July 1961, Ireland applied for membership of the European Community. That application was vetoed in January 1963 by the French President, Charles de Gaulle. Nevertheless, it was an indication of the growing "Europeanisation" of Irish foreign policy, which was secured in May 1967 in a renewed and ultimately successful application by Ireland for membership of the Common Market. Because of the overlapping interests of the European Community and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), however, these initiatives towards integration with Western Europe posed a dilemma for the decision-makers in Dublin given that, in the Irish context, foreign policy was predicated on neutrality. Since Ireland's admission to the United Nations (UN) in 1955 and especially from the reinstatement of Frank Aiken as Minister for External Affairs in 1957, the diplomatic component of Ireland's neutrality was defined largely by its UN policy. Ireland's continued attachment to neutrality, despite its application for European Community membership, caused significant frustration to the governments of the member-states, especially France under de Gaulle, and was seen to be an obstacle to Ireland's accession. These concerns were communicated explicitly to Dublin, along with the view that Ireland needed to demonstrate a greater propensity to support Western interests on major international issues. Pressure of this kind had dissuaded other European neutrals (Austria, Finland, Malta and Sweden) from pursuing membership of the European Community until 1995 - after the Cold War had ended - but it did not deter the Irish. Despite the pressure from the European Community, Irish policy continued to be characterised by neutrality and, almost invariably, conflict with French UN policy. This included, amongst other matters, policy in relation to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, the financing of peacekeeping, the Vietnam War, representation of China at the UN, and various decolonization problems in Southern Africa. This insulation of Ireland's foreign policy from the imperatives of the application for membership of the European Community was largely the product of the fragmentation of decision-making in the formulation of Irish diplomacy. This research project takes a unique perspective on the topic by focusing, in particular, on the period 1965 to 1972 and, also, breaks further new ground in utilizing documentary material only recently released by the National Archives in Dublin, the University College Dublin Archives, the Public Record Office, London, and the UN Archives in New York, along with published diplomatic records and secondary sources. Consequently, it offers an original contribution to our understanding of Irish foreign policy in this crucial period of its development and the capacity of the Irish Government to reconcile the two fundamental and apparently conflicting pillars of its foreign policy - neutrality and membership of the European Community.
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Spelman, Greg Thomas. "Reconciling a Policy of Neutrality with the Prospect of Integration : Ireland, the European Economic Community, and Ireland's United Nations Policy, 1965-1972." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15787/.
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The decade of the 1960s was a period of significant evolution in the foreign policy priorities of the Republic of Ireland. On 31 July 1961, Ireland applied for membership of the European Community. That application was vetoed in January 1963 by the French President, Charles de Gaulle. Nevertheless, it was an indication of the growing "Europeanisation" of Irish foreign policy, which was secured in May 1967 in a renewed and ultimately successful application by Ireland for membership of the Common Market. Because of the overlapping interests of the European Community and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), however, these initiatives towards integration with Western Europe posed a dilemma for the decision-makers in Dublin given that, in the Irish context, foreign policy was predicated on neutrality. Since Ireland's admission to the United Nations (UN) in 1955 and especially from the reinstatement of Frank Aiken as Minister for External Affairs in 1957, the diplomatic component of Ireland's neutrality was defined largely by its UN policy. Ireland's continued attachment to neutrality, despite its application for European Community membership, caused significant frustration to the governments of the member-states, especially France under de Gaulle, and was seen to be an obstacle to Ireland's accession. These concerns were communicated explicitly to Dublin, along with the view that Ireland needed to demonstrate a greater propensity to support Western interests on major international issues. Pressure of this kind had dissuaded other European neutrals (Austria, Finland, Malta and Sweden) from pursuing membership of the European Community until 1995 - after the Cold War had ended - but it did not deter the Irish. Despite the pressure from the European Community, Irish policy continued to be characterised by neutrality and, almost invariably, conflict with French UN policy. This included, amongst other matters, policy in relation to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, the financing of peacekeeping, the Vietnam War, representation of China at the UN, and various decolonization problems in Southern Africa. This insulation of Ireland's foreign policy from the imperatives of the application for membership of the European Community was largely the product of the fragmentation of decision-making in the formulation of Irish diplomacy. This research project takes a unique perspective on the topic by focusing, in particular, on the period 1965 to 1972 and, also, breaks further new ground in utilizing documentary material only recently released by the National Archives in Dublin, the University College Dublin Archives, the Public Record Office, London, and the UN Archives in New York, along with published diplomatic records and secondary sources. Consequently, it offers an original contribution to our understanding of Irish foreign policy in this crucial period of its development and the capacity of the Irish Government to reconcile the two fundamental and apparently conflicting pillars of its foreign policy - neutrality and membership of the European Community.
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Castellarin, Emanuel. "La participation de l'Union européenne aux institutions économiques internationales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010292.
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L’Union européenne est associée à l’activité de toutes les institutions qui encadrent l’économie internationale, qu’il s’agisse d’organisations internationales ou d’autres organismes multilatéraux. L’inclusion de l’Union dans ces communautés juridiques présente des avantages mutuels. L’Union, désireuse d’émerger comme acteur sur la scène internationale, peut promouvoir ses valeurs et ses intérêts. En même temps, intégrée aux espaces normatifs des institutions économiques internationales, elle contribue à la mise en œuvre de l’activité de celles-ci. Toutefois, cette intégration soulève aussi des difficultés. L’Union est soucieuse de préserver la maîtrise de sa propre organisation et une marge d’appréciation dans la régulation des phénomènes économiques. Les institutions économiques internationales, quant à elles, sont a priori peu habituées au fonctionnement de l’Union, notamment en ce qui concerne l’articulation de ses compétences avec celles de ses Etats membres. La participation de l’Union européenne aux institutions économiques internationales est un processus d’interaction institutionnelle permanente qui vise le dépassement de ces difficultés et l’adaptation réciproque. Projetant vers l’extérieur ses politiques publiques, qui constituent à leur tour la mise en œuvre de politiques des institutions économiques internationales, l’Union favorise la continuité des niveaux de la gouvernance économique mondiale. Ainsi, l’Union influence et est influencée par la libéralisation et la régulation multilatérales de tous les phénomènes économiques internationaux : le commerce, l’investissement, la finance et la coopération au développementThe European Union is involved in the activity of all institutions that shape and supervise the world economy, be they international organizations or other multilateral fora. The Union’s inclusion in these legal communities is mutually beneficial. On the one hand, the Union is eager to assert itself as an actor on the international scene and can promote its values and interests. On the other hand, the Union helps to implement norms produced by host institutions and to achieve their goals, as it is integrated in their legal order or network. However, this integration also gives rise to some problems. The Union tries to protect its own organization and margin of appreciation in regulating economic phenomena. Moreover, in principle host institutions are not accustomed to its functioning, especially as far as relations with member states are concerned. The European Union’s participation in international economic institutions is a process of continuous institutional interaction which aims at overcoming these problems through reciprocal adaptation. As the Union promotes its public policies within international economic institutions, which shape in turn the Union’s policies, this process boosts the coherence between levels of economic governance. Thus, the Union influences and is influenced by multilateral liberalization and regulation of all economic phenomena: trade, investment, finance, and development cooperation
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Мусієнко, Ірина Володимирівна. "Культурна дипломатія України в контексті проблем євроінтеграції та міжнародних економічних стосунків." Thesis, Львівська фундація суспільних наук, 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/20830.
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Mendes, A. J. Marques. "Economic integration and growth in Europe." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370370.
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Cabral, Dilva Helena Vaz. "Cabo Verde e União Europeia: os potenciais efeitos na economia Cabo-Verdiana de uma integração económica com a União Europeia." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2935.
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Mestrado em Economia Internaciopnal e Estudos EuropeusOs factores de ordem económica têm vindo a assumir, cada vez mais, um papel relevante na explicação da necessidade de integração económica internacional, principalmente no que se refere aos Países em Vias de Desenvolvimento. Este trabalho procura analisar os possíveis custos e benefícios, inerente ao processo da integração económica, para a economia de Cabo Verde com uma eventual adesão à União Europeia através da constituição de uma das formas de integração económica, nomeadamente zona de comércio livre ou união aduaneira. Para isso, numa primeira análise, propomos uma breve apresentação do processo da integração económica internacional. Procedemos com uma análise da economia cabo-verdiana e o seu modelo de integração económica internacional, assim como uma breve caracterização da União Europeia, com principal enfoque no seu processo de integração económica, tendo em conta a possibilidade de estes virem a representar mercados potenciais ou concorrentes. Finalmente, prosseguimos com a análise da viabilidade da integração económica de Cabo Verde na União Europeia, isto é, analisamos os potenciais efeitos, custos e benefícios do ponto de vista económico, para a economia cabo-verdiana com uma eventual integração no espaço europeu. Os resultados mostram que Cabo Verde não tem muito a perder com essa eventual integração, na qual os efeitos dinâmicos assumem uma importância relevante, mediante a adopção de uma estratégia de integração de zona de comércio livre com os países da UE. Esta revela-se eficaz, assim como a adopção de importantes políticas económicas e a criação de condições para um ambiente mais competitivo.
The economic factors have been taking an important role in explaining the need for international economic integration, particularly in relation to developing countries. This paper analyzes the possible costs and benefits, inherent in the process of economic integration, of the economy of Cape Verde with a possible integration in the European Union, whether through a free trade area or a customs union. In an initial analysis we present a brief presentation of the process of international economic integration. We proceed with an economic and social analysis of Cape Verde, as well as a brief characterization of the European Union with its main focus in the economic integration process, considering the possibility of the upcoming potential or competitive markets. Finally, we conduct an analysis on the potential effects, costs and benefits for the economy of Cape Verde with an potential integration into the European Union. The results demonstrate that Cape Verde has not much to lose with this potential integration, in which dynamic effects are of great importance, by creating a free trade area with EU countries. This appears to be most effective, as well as the adoption of important economic policies and the creation of conditions for a more competitive environment.
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Vera-Martin, Mercedes. "Growth, specialisation, and economic integration in Europe." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1743/.
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This thesis contributes to the understanding of the economic effects of European integration, on both the pattern of industrial specialisation in European regions and openness and income for countries of the European Economic Community (EEC). Chapter 2 provides a descriptive analysis of the evolution of the patterns of specialisation across European regions during 1975-1995. We find that regions are more specialised than countries. Over time, countries and regions have increased specialisation, although at a slow pace. When analysing specialisation dynamics, mobility within the pattern of specialisation changes notably at the regional level. We also find significant cross-country and within-country differences in specialisation. Chapter 3 studies production patterns in 45 European regions since 1975. We estimate a structural equation derived directly from the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, which relates an industry's share of a region's GDP to factor endowments and relative prices. Factor endowments are found to play a significant and quantitatively important role. The explanation is most successful for aggregate industries, and works less well for disaggregated industries within the manufacturing sector. We find no evidence that increasing European integration has weakened or stengthened the relation between factor endowments and production patterns. Chapter 4 adds economic geography considerations into the analysis of patterns of specialisation in manufacturing industries across regions in seven European countries since 1985. We estimate an equation that relates an industry's share of GDP to factor endowments, industry characteristics, and economic geography variables. Both factor endowments and economic geography are found to be significant in explaining specialisation. Among economic geography variables, cost linkages are more important than demand linkages. There is no evidence that increasing integration has weakened or stengthened the relationship between factor endowments, economic geography, and production patterns within countries. Chapter 5 explores how European economic integration has affected openness and income. We test for permanent effects of EEC membership on openness, income, and income convergence at the time of accession. Results indicate EEC membership improves permanently openness within the EEC and income, but has neither an effect on income growth nor on convergence. Second, we investigate the differential effect of EEC membership by applying a differences in differences specification which controls for common time series shock. Openness, income, and convergence among the EEC countries were improved significantly. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the thesis with a summary of conclusions and contributions. Chapter 6 summarises the main findings of the thesis.
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Meyer, Christoph. "Essays on international economic integration." Berlin dissertation.de, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989679853/04.
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Blew, Dennis Jan. "The Europeanization of Political Parties: A Study of Political Parties in Poland 2009-2014." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2567.
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On May 1st 2004, Poland entered the European Union (EU), introducing new variables into the domestic politics of the Polish Republic. Since gaining its independence from Soviet control in 1989, Poland’s political landscape can be described as a dynamic and ever changing force towards democratic maturation. With the accession of Poland to the EU, questions of European integration and Europeanization have arisen, most specifically with how these two processes effect and shape the behaviors of domestic political actors.
With Poland entering its second decade of EU membership, this study attempts to explain how, and if, further European integration has had any effect on the Europeanization of political parties in Poland. Building upon the work of various scholars, most notably Aleks Szczerbiak, this study examines the years 2009-2014, and examines Poland’s political parties through Robert Ladrech’s framework of Europeanization.
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Jennissen, Roel. "Macro-economic determinants of international migration in Europe." Amsterdam : Dutch University Press, 2004. http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/rw/2004/r.p.w.jennissen/.
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Gaynor, Kevin Brendan. "Economic convergence in a multi-speed Europe." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338679.
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Kasch-Haroutounian, Maria. "Transition equity markets of Central Europe : volatility, predictability, integration." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8058/.
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The objective of this thesis is to add evidence from the transition equity markets of Central Europe to the econometric modelling of financial time series by addressing the issues of volatility, predictability and international asset pricing in these markets. In Chapter Two we start from an overview of the transition stock markets by presenting their historical background, basic regulations, statistics, and stock market indices. Chapter Three focuses on the modelling of univariate and multivariate volatility in transition equity markets. Our sample has all the previously documented characteristics of the unconditional distribution of stock returns normally used to justify the use of the GARCH class of the models of conditional volatility. Strong GARCH effects are apparent in all series examined. The estimates of asymmetric models of conditional volatility show rather weak evidence of asymmetries in the markets. The results of the multivariate specifications of volatility have implication for understanding the pattern of information flow between the markets. The constant correlation specification indicates significant conditional correlation between three pairs of countries: Hungary and Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic, and Poland and Czech Republic. The BEKK model of multivariate volatility shows evidence of return volatility spillovers from Hungary to Poland, but no volatility spillover effects are found in the opposite direction. Chapter Four examines the linear and nonlinear predictability of transition equity returns with simple technical trading rules. The application of the moving average trading rules to the data reveals that technical analysis helps to predict stock price changes. Firstly buy signals consistently generate higher returns than sell signals; secondly the returns following buy signals are less volatile than returns following sell signals. The application of the bootstrap methodology to check whether three popular null models of stock returns with linear conditional mean specification replicate the trading rule profits indicates that returns obtained from trading rules signals are not likely to be generated by these models. Comparison of the out-of-sample forecast performance of linear and nonlinear (feedforward networks) conditional mean estimators with past trading signals in the conditional mean equation indicates substantial forecast improvements of the feedforward network regression. Chapter Five addresses the issue of integration of the transition equity markets into the global capital market by testing pricing restrictions of the international CAPM simultaneously for four national equity markets: two developed markets (U.S. and Germany) and two new transition markets (Hungary and Poland). Methodologically, we extend the BEKK multivariate GARCH specification to accommodate GARCH-M effects, and propose an alternative specification of the conditional CAPM, which allows return volatility transmissions between the markets in the system. The results reveal that the world price of covariance risk is positive and equal across the markets. This is consistent with the international CAPM and supports the hypothesis of integration of the transition markets into the global market. However, our further results indicate individual significance of the Hungarian idiosyncratic risk, pointing to some level of segmentation of the Hungarian market. Moreover, the introduction of world-wide information variables into the system reveals that some variation in the excess national returns is still predictable after accounting for the measure of market-wide risk.
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梁健正 and Kin-ching Leung. "European economic integration: implications for Europe in 1992 and beyond." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197658X.
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Kolovos, Amaleia E. "Regional Integration in East Asia." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/93.
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Regional integration is not a new phenomenon but has become an increasingly important topic of political research with the continued expansion of the European Union as well as an increased number of regional organizations around the globe. This paper will seek to use both Europe and East Asia as illustrations in order to better comprehend the driving forces behind integration as well as why some regions are further integrated than others. The purpose of this research is to achieve a better understanding of what causes regional integration in hopes of developing a more inclusive theory. More specifically, it aims to see how integrated the region of East Asia is, in particular when compared to Europe. Through comparing the two regions and analyzing factors in both Europe and East Asia as determined by current integration theory, this research aims to achieve a better understanding of the driving forces behind regional integration as an international phenomenon. My research is an attempt to tie together the multiple existing theories of regional integration with the goal of creating a more cohesive and measurable theory. With an increased understanding of regional integration, we will be better able to both explain and predict integration in both Europe and East Asia, as well as other, less integrated regions around the world.
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Chen, Natalie. "Essays in empirical international economics: the case of european product and labour market integration." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211601.
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Yin, Xiaopeng 1963. "The effect of economic integration on endogenous economic growth." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23435.
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This thesis presents a survey of the development of economic growth theory, including the latest developments in the relationship between international economic integration through international flows of goods and/or knowledge and endogenous economic growth. Based on the following literature review, a new and more reasonable model for the research and development (i.e., the R&D) sector--a sector which is considered the source of long-run growth--is offered in order to develop and improve the framework built by Rivera-Batiz and Rome (1991), i.e. the RBR model. This new model will make the RBR framework more complete and rational. In this new model, it is proved that any form of economic integration will increase the long-run rate of growth, and these results are compared with those of the RBR. Moreover, Devereux and Lapham's efforts to find some dynamic analysis along the transitional path under two different situations: knowledge flows only, and both goods and knowledge flows, are continued in the same model. It is found that when only knowledge is allowed to flow across borders, economic integration generates corner solutions for the production of the R&D sector, while this does not happen when complete goods and knowledge flows exist. However, the real balanced growth rates in these diverse situations are higher than they are in autarky.
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Nystedt, Jens. "Competition, regulation and integration in international financial markets." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Finansiell Ekonomi (FI), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-539.
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Chapter I - Derivative Market Competition: OTC Markets Versus Organized Derivative Exchanges Recent regulatory initiatives in the United States have again raised the issue of a ''level regulatory and supervisory playing field'' and the degree of competition globally between over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives and organized derivative exchange (ODE) markets. This chapter models some important aspects of how an ODE market interrelates with the OTC markets. It analyzes various ways in which an ODE market can respond to competition from the OTC markets and considers whether ODE markets would actually benefit from a more level playing field. Among other factors, such as different transaction costs, different abilities to mitigate credit risk play a significant role in determining the degree of competition between the two types of markets. This implies that a potentially important service ODE markets can provide OTC market participants is to extend clearing services to them. Such services would allow the OTC markets to focus more on providing less competitive contracts/innovations and instead customize their contracts to specific investors’ risk preferences and needs. Chapter II – Crisis Resolution and Private Sector Adaptation Efforts at crisis resolution that succeed in reducing potential inefficiencies and instability in the international financial system are in the interest of both the private and the public sector. Unlike in the domestic context, in the international context, in the absence of clearly established rules of the game, the approaches adopted toward crisis resolution, and the extent to which they are interpreted by market participants as setting a precedent, can have profound implications for the nature and structure of international capital flows. The key conclusion of this chapter is that recent experiences with payment suspensions and bond restructurings are limited as guides to determining the future success or failures of these initiatives, as the private sector most likely has adapted in order to minimize any unwanted public sector involvement. Chapter III - European Equity Market Integration: Cyclical or Structural? Reviewing the empirical evidence of equity market integration in the European Union, the chapter finds a significant increase in the importance of global sector factors for a number of industries. Unlike most past studies, which only covered developments during the bull market of the late nineties, the results presented in this chapter suggest that the degree of Euroland equity market integration has declined gradually following the bursting of the TMT bubble. This seems to suggest that the findings of previous studies that Euroland equity markets were nearly fully financially integrated is worth revisiting. There are, however, several good reasons to believe that the structural factors driving European equity market integration have yet to play themselves out fully. Institutional investors both outside the Euroland area and within have substantial untapped capacity to take on Euroland exposures and invest additionally in Euroland equities.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2004
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Orr, Clinton Dale. "Entrepôts, regional and global economic integration in East Asia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284982.
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SIMPSON-BELL, Chima. "Essays on risk sharing in economic unions." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/67106.
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Defence date: 18 May 2020 (Online)Examining Board: Professor Ramon Marimon (EUI, Supervisor); Professor Russel Cooper (EUI); Professor Kjetil Storesletten (University of Oslo); Professor Iván Werning (MIT)
This thesis investigates consumption insurance within economic unions from both a country and household perspective. Chapter 1 deals with the question of how an economic union like the Euro Area can support enough risk sharing, through transfer payments, to prevent the breakup of the union. I model the union as a dynamic contract between two countries. The contract captures two political restrictions which are especially relevant for the Euro Area. First, risk sharing must avoid `permanent’ transfers (including repayments of debt) between countries. Second, there is a requirement that countries implement policies to improve economic performance, which is subject to moral hazard. Relative to the previous literature, the specification of the reform process makes the moral hazard component of the model more powerful by allowing reform effort to have a permanent effect. I then characterize the optimal transfer system, which trades off risk sharing against reform incentives. I propose an implementation of this transfer system using trading of one-period bonds with state-contingent debt restructuring. Chapter 2, which is co-authored with Johannes Fleck, deals with household earnings risk in the United States. We observe that due to differences in economic conditions across American states, and the autonomy which state governments have in implementing means tested policies, identical households may receive very different levels of earnings insurance from the government simply because they live in different states. We quantify this variation in public insurance by simulating the response of the main state and federal tax and benefit policies to earnings shocks for a prototype household, adjusting any nominal dollar amounts for purchasing power using our own measure of state living costs. We confirm that there is significant regional variation in household earnings insurance, with a large contribution coming from the design of the federal Earned Income Tax Credit. Chapter 3, which is joint work with Ramon Marimon and Alessandro Ferrari, returns somewhat to the theme of Chapter 1. We address a gap in the theoretical literature on optimal transfers in currency unions, which fails to account properly for the participation constraints imposed by each country’s option to exit the union. We model a currency union as a dynamic contract between countries facing endowment risk and a nominal rigidity in the production of non-tradeable goods. The contract is constrained by each country’s outside option of reclaiming its own monetary policy, which optimally eliminates the labour market distortion caused by the nominal rigidity, and defaulting on any payment obligations accumulated within the union. We find that there is still some scope for considerable risk sharing in the union, although the presence of the nominal rigidity introduces consumption risk into the stochastic steady state of the currency union.
-- 1. Risk sharing and policy convergence in economic unions -- 2. Public insurance in heterogeneous fiscal federations - evidence from American households -- 3. Fiscal and currency union with default and exit
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Cheng, I.-Hui. "Three essays on political economy, trade and international economic integration." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314295.
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Dewey, Robert F. "National identity and opposition to Britain's first attempt to join Europe, 1961-63." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273156.
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Yi, Chong-ŭn. "International integration, growth, and the World Real Interest Rate." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299727.
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Wilk, Piotr. "Economic determinants of public attitudes toward European integration in central and eastern Europe." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ42223.pdf.
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Shen, Hong 1967. "Economic integration in APEC and the role of China." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29941.
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The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum composed of 21 member economies of diverse cultural heritage and varying levels of economic development. By deliberately avoiding to become a formalized free trade arrangement like the EU or the NAFTA, APEC has committed to the principle of "open regionalism", meaning that liberalization achievements are not preferential to APEC members only. APEC has evolved rapidly since its formation in 1989. Begun as an informal dialogue group, APEC has expanded to become the primary vehicle for promoting open trade and economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.APEC is also one of the few multilateral economic organizations that actively embraces China as a committed partner in the global trade and investment dialogue. Economic reform and open door policies implemented over the last two decades have transformed China from a closed economy into a major trading power. China, which for more than a decade has unsuccessfully sought to join the GATT/WTO, finds APEC to be of immense symbolic and practical value. As a major member of APEC, China has made constructive role in the APEC process. With its dynamic economic growth and continuing economic reforms, China is poised to play an even greater role in APEC in the near future.
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Field, Heather. "Consequences of concentration on the CAP for European integration." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123114.
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This sub-thesis deals with the concentration of the European
Community (EC) on the Common Agricultural Policy or CAP as its
main policy to date, and the consequences of this for the process
of integration. This process of integration is considered to be
both economic and political, with both the economic welfare and the
influence in international affairs of the integrated whole, the
European Community, being greater than the sum of these from the
individual parts, in this case the member states.
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Awinador-Kanyirige, Darkowa. "Effects of the Economic Partnership Agreements on Regional Integration in Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28099.
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After gaining independence, African states embraced the idea of regional integration as an approach to boost economic development on the continent. This was evident in the new regional organizations that were predominantly generated among developing states in the southern hemisphere. Majority of these organizations, e.g. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Southern African Development Community (SADC), have continuously been striving to deepen social, political and most importantly economic integration and cooperation in Africa. In an attempt to further the regional integration agenda, there have been quite a number of colonial cross-border arrangements with EU. Assessed based on conventional integration theories by scholars like Ernst B. Haas, the prerequisites for effective regional economic integration in Africa, appear to be less successful, juxtaposed with the more developed and economically independent European Union. Although regional organizations like ECOWAS and SADC have managed to establish free trade areas (FTAs), they have failed to attain their agenda of establishing customs unions. Agendas of this kind among other things, are pertinent to consolidating the regional integration process. Even though several issues may be identified as causes of the inefficiency of the integration scheme on the continent, this paper explores the effect of north south trade agreements, in this case the economic partnership agreements (EPAs), on regional integration processes in Africa.
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Li, Xinyi. "Essays on international trade and regional economic integration in East Asia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446602.
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Tyrrell, Nicola. "European identity beyond boundaries : conceptualising a future European community." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26128.
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This thesis maintains that the study and practice of European integration is hindered by an unquestioned and all-embracing conceptual foundation, derived from 17th/18th century political thought. By virtue of identity-related assumptions including 'nation-state', 'nationalism', and 'sovereignty', which rest on an exclusive binary distinction between "self" and "other", this foundation is inadequate and anachronistic as a theoretical lens through which to understand the dynamics of contemporary Europe.Chapter 1 reveals the inadequacy of existing theories of European integration, and Chapter 2 traces this inadequacy to the issue of identity, tying it in with a modern identity crisis. It is argued that the theory and practice of European integration in the 1990's depends on a fundamental reconceptualisation of identity, to eliminate the conceptual rigidity of exclusive self/other binary distinction, and so to provide the basis for a new kind of European identity. In Chapter 3, the framework of a new "non-fixed", "non-essential" and pragmatic identity (and therefore European identity), beyond the self/other boundaries of contemporary thought, is elaborated through the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida, and its effect on the study and practice of European integration is assessed.
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Huang, Weixin. "Economic integration as a development device : the case of the EC and China /." Saarbrücken ; Fort Lauderdale : Breitenbach, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37396328c.
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Nicholls, Shelton Michael Anthony. "Economic integration in the Caribbean community (Caricom) : from federation to the single market." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338496.
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Santarcángelo, Juan E., and Roberto Lampa. "The international financial crisis: Theoretical debates, economic policies, and lessons." Economía, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116872.
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The global financial crisis has had a strong impact on most European countries. While at first the massive injection of resources helped the financial system not to collapse, the austerity policies implemented throughout the continent have not brought the expected economic growth. Interestingly, the type of intervention undertaken is rooted in the neoclassical tradition, which entails a specific understanding of the functioning of the financial system and the economy. In this context, the objectives of this paper are firstly, to analyze the main theoretical assumptions and the specific way in which the crisis is understood and the applied economic policies are developed under this tradition; and secondly, to account for the social and economic impact of the policies applied, and the different margins of action that each European country still has.La crisis financiera global ha tenido un fuerte impacto en las economías europeas centrales y fundamentalmente en las periféricas. Si bien en un primer momento, la masiva inyección de recursos logró que el sistema financiero no colapse, las políticas de austeridad aplicadas no han podido consolidar las dinámicas de crecimiento esperadas. Lo interesante del tipo de intervención desarrollada, es que las medidas han sido justificadas en base a una serie de trabajos teóricos que presentan una visión particular del funcionamiento del sistema financiero y de la economía. Eneste contexto, los objetivos del presente trabajo son por un lado, analizar los principales supuestos teóricos y modo específico de entender a la crisis que han fundamentado las políticas económicas aplicadas; y por el otro, dar cuenta del impacto económico y social de estas medidas intentando dar cuenta los diferentes márgenes de acción que aún hoy poseen los países europeos.
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Studer, Roman. "Market Integration and Economic Development : A Comparative Study of India and Europe, 1700 - 1900." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503999.
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Di, Mauro Francesca A. "Essays on foreign direct investment and economic integration: a gravity approach." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211356.
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Ordu, Aloysius Uche. "A study of economic integration in West Africa and estimates of some trade effects." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335225.
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Marong, Alhagi. "Economic integration and foreign direct investment in West Africa." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20540.
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Economic integration and foreign direct investment were adopted by developing countries particularly in Africa, as strategies for economic development. For these countries, economic integration became not only a tariff issue, but a strategy for development; hence the term "developmental regionalism". This thesis is a study of the concept of developmental regionalism in West Africa. It concentrates on the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which was formed in 1975.It is argued that as a strategy for development, the ECOWAS integration effort was inadequate because of undue reliance on tariff reductions--- so called "negative integration" measures. It is suggested that to facilitate a more cohesive integration program, countries in the region ought to adopt positive integration measures in the form of common policies on money and payments, industrialization and most significantly, a common policy on investments.
With respect to investment regulation, it is my argument that because liberalization of investment laws at the national level failed to attract the desired flow of foreign investment to the region, ECOWAS Member States ought to harmonize their regulatory framework with a view to ultimately adopting a single legal regime for international investment.
As a framework for analysis, I adopt the criteria of economic efficiency. This is a cost/benefit analysis of the transformations that occur as the result of contractual transactions. Where the costs to the parties exceed or are likely to exceed the benefits of the transaction, it is said to be inefficient. Using these criteria, I argue that in order to inject a level of fairness in investor/host state relations, and to avoid the costs of FDI to host societies exceeding the gains therefrom, international law ought to make binding prescriptions to govern corporate conduct. Based on this reasoning, I suggest a framework for improving the investment climate in West Africa.
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Zamuee, Zanata Clarence. "International economic integration and financial contagion vulnerability : the case of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6409.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The phenomenon of globalisation has seen the closer integration of the world's countries and people. The result of this, is that overall, the world economy has grown substantially. On the flip side, globalisation has greatly increased the exposure of individual countries to occurrences elsewhere in the world. This latter statement is witnessed by the events such as the spread of financial crises from source countries to third party countries that do not seem to have any obvious ties with the crisis-source countries. This has been termed financial contagion. This study seeks to break new ground by focussing on trade-related issues of contagion rather than presenting the usual macro-economic, financial, and political perspectives. A model that considers the trade pattern of countries as linkages tying together countries around the world as a whole (network) is used. This study uses the network approach to international trade as an integration measure and ascertains the occurrence of contagion in South Africa. These parameters will then be used to establish whether trade network integration can be used to explain financial contagion affecting South Africa (and extended to other countries). Two hypotheses are designed and tested in order to establish this. Two measures are used to determine the level of integration of the four study countries. The two measures are country centrality and country importance index. Comparative analysis done showed that all four countries are relatively highly integrated and are in close proximity for both degree centrality and importance. A summary of both indicators of integration measures relative to other countries in the trade network indicate that Mexico, Russia, South Africa and Thailand are well integrated in the network. Secondly the difference in ranking amongst these countries is not significant. Three financial crises are used namely, the Mexican Tequila (1994), the Asian Flu (1997) and the Russian Virus (1998). The contagion testing methodology applied uses the cross-market correlation coefficients between crisis-country and test-country. It is shown that there is no evidence to suggest that South Africa (JSE) was contagiously affected by any of the three financial crises. Only interdependence seems to have existed between the South African market and the crises countries. Evidence shows that countries that are, relatively, highly integrated with the crisis epicentre in terms of the international trade are more immune to episodes of contagion. It is shown further that the relative position of the crisis-suspect country to the crisis epicentre countries, in terms of integration in the international economic landscape, can provide susceptibility indications of that particular country.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fenomeen van globalisering het gelei tot 'n groter integrasie van die wereld se lande en mense. Die gevolg hiervan is, dat oor die algemeen die wereld ekonomie beduidend gegroei het. Aan die ander kant het globalisering gelei tot die toename in blootstelling van individuele lande aan gebeurtenisse elders in die wereld. Die laasgenoemde stelling getuig van die gebeure, soos die verspreiding van finansiele krisisse vanaf die land van oorsprong tot 'n derde party land wat op die oog af geen ooglopende bande met die krisis-bron lande gehad het nie. Hierdie verskynsel word finansiele besmetting genoem. Hierdie studie beoog om nuwe lig te werp op die saak deur om te fokus op handelsverwante kwessies van besmetting eerders as om die gewone makro-ekonomiese, finansiele en politieke perspektiewe voor te le. 'n Model word gebruik wat die handelspatrone van lande voorstel as 'n samesnoering van lande dwarsoor die wereld as 'n netwerk. Hierdie studie gebruik die netwerk uitgangspunt vir internasionale handel, as 'n integrasie maatstaf en stel vas wat die voorkoms van besmetting in Suid-Afrika is. Hierdie parameters sal dan gebruik word om vas te stel handelsnetwerk integrasie gebruik kan word om die finansiele besmetting wat Suid Alrika (en verspreiding na ander lande) affekteer. Twee hipotese (veronderstellings) word ontwerp en getoets om bogenoemde te bewys. Twee maatstawwe word gebruik om die vlak van integrasie van die vier studie-lande te bepaal. Die twee maatstawwe is 'n land se sentralisasie en die land se belangrikheidsindeks. Vergelykende analise het gewys dat al vier lande relatief hoogs geintegreer is en parallel is in beide sentralisasie en belangrikheid. 'n Opsomming van beide aanduidings t.o.v. integrasie maatstawwe, relatief tot ander lande in die handelsnetwerk, toon dat Meksiko, Rusland en Thailand goed geintegreer is in die netwerk. Tweedens die verskil in rang tussen die lande is nie beduidend nie. Drie finansiele krisisse word gebruik naamlik die Meksikaanse Tequila (1994), die Asiatiese Griep (1997) en die Russiese Virus (1998). Die besmettings waarnemings metodologie gebruik die krisismark korrelasie medewerkende faktore tussen die krisisland en die toets-land. Dit wys dat daar geen getuienis is wat te kenne gee dat Suid Afrika (JSE) besmet is deur enige van die drie krisisse nie. Slegs onderlinge afhanklikheid kom voor tussen die Suid Afrikaanse mark en die krisislande. Dit is bewys dat lande, wat relatief hoog geintegreer is met die krisis episenter, in terme van internasionale handel, meer immuun teen episodes van besmetting is. Verder het dit bewys dat die relatiewe posisie van die krisis-vermeende land tot die krisis episenter lande, in terme van integrasie in die internasionale ekonomiese landskap, vatbare indikasies vir daardie spesifieke land kan verskaf.
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Sane, Claude MIchel. "La mobilité des sociétés de l’espace OHADA : étude à la lumière du droit européen et international des sociétés." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU2019/document.
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À coté de l’objectif immédiat d’uniformiser les législations des États membres, l’OHADA s’est fixée un objectif médiat, celui de créer un vaste marché sans frontière. Or au regard des difficultés pour les sociétés commerciales de déplacer leurs sièges sociaux d’un État membre à un autre, nous ne pouvons que constater que l’existence de ce marché intégré n’est pas encore une réalité pour elles. Il apparaît alors que la seule uniformisation du droit des sociétés commerciales par l’OHADA ne suffit pas à leur permettre de réaliser des opérations de restructuration transfrontalière. Cette thèse a ainsi montré que l’OHADA a besoin d’évoluer et de se transformer pour mettre en place un véritable droit à la mobilité pour les sociétés commerciales au sein son espace communautaire. Elle doit pour cela compléter son intégration juridique par une intégration économique consacrant un libre établissement dont les opérations de mobilité seraient des modalités d’exercice, comme l’a fait l’Union européenne. Ce droit à la mobilité ne devra toutefois pas s’exercer de manière abusive. L’OHADA devra donc trouver un équilibre entre une mobilité fluidifiée et une protection efficace des actionnaires, salariés et tiers. De même il conviendra de rechercher un équilibre dans la gestion de la coexistence des normes communautaires qui ne manquera pas de se présenter dans le régime des opérations de mobilité puisqu’il s’agit d’un problème récurrent dans l’espace OHADAApart from the direct objective of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) to standardize the law, its indirect objective relates to the creation of a large common market. However, regarding the difficulties for companies to transfer their registered office from one member state to another, we can see that the existence of such market is still not a reality for them. Therefore, it appears that the only standardizing of the corporate law by OHADA is not sufficient to allow them to perform their cross-border mergers. This research shows thus that OHADA needs to change and to transform itself to put in place a real right to mobility in the community area for the companies. Like the European Union, it should complete the legal integration by an economic integration setting up a freedom of establishment, including border restructuring operations. But this right to mobility should not be abused. OHADA will have to find a balance between facilitating the mobility and protecting efficiently minority shareholders, employees and third parties rights. Similarly a balance must be struck to solve the conflict of community norms in the restructuring operations legal regime, since it is a recurrent problem for OHADA space
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Salmon, Keith Graham. "Structure and restructuring in the Spanish economy." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/556939.
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The changing character of the economic environment in the last quarter of the twentieth century has resulted in a continuous process of restructuring in the economy of Spain, mediated through the structure and regulatory framework of the economy. Three specific themes contributing to restructuring are addressed: globalisation of the economy, European integration, and the role of the public sector. Globalisation ofthe economy is demonstrated through increased international flows of goods, capital, people and information, and by the incorporation of businesses in Spain within the corporate networks of foreign multinational companies. Spanish businesses too have been extending their global reach, especially into Latin America. European integration has been part of the globalisation process. A substantial proportion of international flows are now concentrated within the European Union and business networks have been adapting to the 'Single European Market'. European integration has dominated economic policy, first in measures to secure membership of the European Economic Community, then in measures to adjust to the regulatory environment of the European Community and finally in the race to achieve the Maastricht criteria. The role of the public sector in restructuring has been to 'manage' the market forces unleashed by the liberalisation ofthe economy. Market forces, embracing increased competition and technological change, have driven the restructuring process demanding responses from the government. These responses have increasingly been constrained by the shedding of responsibilities upwards to international organisations and downwards to lower tiers of administration. Isolation, protection and goverrunent intervention in the economy have given way to a more liberal, open and international environment. Transformation in the mode of regulation from state corporatism to neo-liberalism has been accompanied by globalisation of the economy, particularly integration into the European economy and the corporate space of multinational companies. Nevertheless, despite the growing emphasis on globalisation, public policy continues to play a crucial role influencing the pace, if not the direction, of restructuring.
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Seck, Ami Collé. "Intégration et Souveraineté étatique, approche comparative entre l'Europe et l'Afrique à travers l'UE, l'UEMOA et l'OHADA." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH08/document.
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La présente thèse vise à décrire et analyser l’évolution ambigüe du rapport Souveraineté-Intégration dans les cadres européen et africain. A cet effet, elle révèle qu’un tel rapport est part d’un antagonisme de principe entre Souveraineté et Intégration mais débouche cependant sur des réalités différentes qui sont fonction du contexte précis de mise en application de cette relation. En effet, si au départ, on peut noter une certaine convergence de vue en Europe et en Afrique sur la nature antagonique des rapports entre Souveraineté et Intégration ; à l’arrivée, la pratique de l’intégration ne semble pas avoir conduit aux mêmes effets quant au sort de la souveraineté étatique dans les cadres européen et africain. En réalité, alors que la souveraineté de l’Etat a été fortement amoindrie par l’intégration dans l’UE, confirmant ainsi largement leur antagonisme de départ ; du côté africain, cette hypothèse initiale d’antagonisme a plutôt été compromise par la pratique car dans l’UEMOA et l’OHADA, l’opposition entre souveraineté et intégration s’est avérée largement ineffectiveThis thesis aims to describe and analyze the ambiguous evolution of the Sovereignty-Integration report in the European and African frameworks. To this end, it reveals that such a relation started from an antagonism of principle between Sovereignty and Integration but nevertheless leads to different realities that depend on the precise context of the application of this relation. Indeed, while at the outset one can note a certain convergence of view in Europe and in Africa on the antagonistic nature of the relations between Sovereignty and Integration; the practice of integration seems to have led to contradictory effects on the fate of state sovereignty in the European and African frameworks. In facts, whereas sovereignty of States has been greatly diminished by integration in the EU, thus largely confirming their initial antagonism ; on the African side, this initial hypothesis of antagonism has rather been compromised by practice because in UEMOA and OHADA, the opposition between sovereignty and integration has proved largely ineffective