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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International development'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Marks, Caroline. "A critical analysis of donor education strategies for international development International Development." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650305.

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The purpose of this study was to analyse donor education strategies for international development using critical discourse analysis. The analysis focused on the two multilateral agencies and ten bilateral donors that contributed the most Official Development Assistance to education over the period 2002-10. The objective was to investigate linkages between Education Strategy texts, global development discourses, donor government political ideologies and education funding priorities. The methodology involved Fairclough's (1992) three level approach to critical discourse analysis. At the micro level the content of the texts was analysed. At the mid-level, inte[textual influences were identified. At the macro level, donor government political ideology and education aid allocations were considered. Five main education and development discourses were identified : ' education as a human right' , 'education and economic growth', 'qualified development', 'knowledge economies', and ' fragility, conflict and global security ' . Bilateral donor discourses were more often influenced by the World Bank than UNICEF. This supports the assertion that neo-liberal discourses still dominate international aid policy, despite the semblance of an ideological convergence towards a poverty consensus since the 1990s. Conversely, UNICEF, which is dependent on voluntary contributions, is necessarily more responsive to the discourses of its main bilateral sponsors than the World Bank. Government political ideology may matter. However, structurally and culturally embedded values transcend short-term government changes in terms of influencing aid policy. Weak evidence suggests that donors who take a rights-based approach are likely to support basic education through multilateral agencies; donors concerned with promoting global or regional stability are inclined to support basic education through the public sector; and donors who are driven by commercial interests tend to support higher education. Within the ' qualified ' development discourse, donor orientations vary between human/social development, sustainable development or good governance. Despite this rhetorical divergence, practical implications of these 'qualified' discourses are not evident.
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2

Klyve, Christoffer Ringnes. "Public opinion and international development." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29407.

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This thesis explores public attitudes towards international development cooperation. Noting the lack of previous academic treatment of this particular topic, it includes an overview of available polling data on relevant questions, followed by a review of more general literature pertaining to public opinion towards foreign policy, as a macro-level concept. Finding the macro-level perspective insufficient, the thesis then explores one particular model for understanding public opinion on the individual level. The final chapter discusses in some detail how one particular form of development assistance---child sponsorship---might influence public opinion. Claims that child sponsorship necessarily has detrimental effects on public opinion are found to have little foundation in either empirical studies or relevant theory. Conclusive statements concerning any effect child sponsorship might have on public opinion are not made, but the thesis does argue that public opinion towards development assistance can, under certain conditions, be considered reasonable.
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3

Ossa, Ralph. "International trade and economic development." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2310/.

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In this thesis, I theoretically investigate three related aspects of international trade and economic development. First, I present a model of social learning about the suitability of local conditions for new business ventures and explore its implications for the microeconomic patterns of economic development. I show that: i) firms tend to 'rush' into business ventures with which other firms have had surprising success thus causing development to be 'lumpy'; ii) sufficient business confidence is crucial for fostering economic growth; iii) development may involve wavelike patterns of growth where successive business ventures are first pursued and then given up; iv) there is, nevertheless, no guarantee that firms pursue the best venture even in the long-run. Second, I offer a new explanation for the empirical finding that trade liberalization increases firm productivity. In particular, I develop a simple general equilibrium model of trade in which trade liberalization leads to outsourcing as firms focus on their core competencies in response to tougher competition. Since firms are better at performing tasks the closer they are to their core competencies, this outsourcing increases firm productivity. Third, I propose a novel theory of GATT/WTO negotiations which solves two important problems of the standard terms-of-trade theory. First, it is consistent with the fact that GATT/WTO regulations do not constrain export taxes. Second, it does not rely on the terms-of-trade argument but instead emphasizes market access considerations. To achieve this, I consider trade policy in a 'new trade' environment. I first argue that tariffs are inefficiently high in the non-cooperative equilibrium because countries attempt to improve their relative market access at the expense of other countries. I then show how GATT/WTO negotiations can help countries overcome this inefficiency by providing new rationales for the GATT/WTO principles of reciprocity and nondiscrimination.
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4

Stachel, Suzanne M. "International Nongovernmental Organizations and Development." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1271691749.

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5

Valdemarin, Stefano. "Network development in international organizations : the case of ONLYLYON." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3059.

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Dans un contexte en constante mutation, les organisations doivent développer de nouvelles stratégies pour saisir des opportunités d’affaires à l’échelle mondiale. Fondée sur le modèle d’Uppsala sur l’évolution des organisations et l’approche par les réseaux, cette recherche doctorale porte sur le développement de réseaux dans les organisations internationales. Suivant la théorie des micro-fondements, nous retenons deux niveaux d’analyse pour mieux comprendre l’interaction entre l’organisation et ses membres dans le processus d’évolution du réseau. Nous avons développé une étude de cas unique réalisée au sein d’ONLYLYON, une organisation visant à promouvoir la ville de Lyon dans le monde entier par le biais d'un vaste réseau d’individus appelé « réseau des ambassadeurs ». Suivant une démarche de recherche-intervention, nous avons co-construit avec l’organisation un projet de recherche visant à développer le réseau des ambassadeurs. L’étude empirique porte sur 36 entretiens, dont cinq exploratoires et 31 semi-directifs, 103 observations participantes sur une période de 30 mois et des données secondaires. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle des individus dans le développement des réseaux organisationnels. Ils soulignent l'importance de créer un réseau permettant aux organisations et aux individus de développer des opportunités. Nous proposons une trajectoire d’évolution pour (1) créer le réseau des ambassadeurs d'ONLYLYON en Italie et (2) développer un « réseau de réseaux » international. Les deux processus intègrent un ensemble de propositions managériales et reposent sur trois étapes comprenant (1) la mise en place, (2) la structuration ou restructuration et (3) l’expansion du réseau. Nous élaborons également un modèle pour étudier l'interaction entre une organisation et ses membres dans le processus de développement du réseau. Cette recherche-intervention peut aider ONLYLYON à développer ses réseaux internationaux en mettant en œuvre des actions stratégiques. Elle contribue également au développement du modèle d’Uppsala sur l’évolution des organisations et au débat sur l’importance des micro-fondements dans la recherche en sciences de gestion
In a rapidly changing context, organizations need to develop new strategies to seize global business opportunities. Based on the Uppsala evolution model and the business network view, this doctoral dissertation focuses on the development of networks in international organizations. Following the micro-foundations theory, we consider two levels of analysis to better understand the interplay between the organization and its members in the network evolution process. We developed a single case study conducted at ONLYLYON, an organization aiming to promote the city of Lyon worldwide through a large network of individuals called the “ambassador network”. Using an intervention research approach, we co-constructed with the organization a research project which aims to develop the ambassador network. The empirical study is based on 36 interviews (five exploratory and 31 semi-structured interviews), 103 participant observations performed over a period of 30 months and secondary data. Our findings highlight the role played by individuals in developing networks for organizations. They emphasize the importance of creating a network allowing organizations and individuals to develop opportunities. We propose an evolution path to (1) create the ONLYLYON ambassador network in Italy and (2) develop an international “network of networks”. Both paths include a set of managerial propositions and are based on three steps: (1) establishing, (2) structuring or restructuring, and (3) growing the network. We also elaborate a model to study the interaction between an organization and its members in the process of network development. This intervention research can help ONLYLYON in developing its international networks by implementing strategic actions. It also contributes to the development of the Uppsala evolution model and the debate on the importance of micro-foundations in management research
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6

Wihtol, Robert. "The Asian Development Bank and rural development : policy and practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236142.

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7

Abass, Ademola. "Regional organisations and the development of collective security : beyond Chapter VIII of the UN Charter /." Oxford : Hart Pub, 2004. http://www.myilibrary.com/.

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8

Moll, Amanda L. "International Actors, Norms and Human Development." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/18.

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A number of international humanitarian organizations focus on human development and aim to improve the situation of children. In many developing countries, states have not been able to fulfill the educational or basic needs of its children. To fill this void, international actors have stepped in to help with human development. This thesis focuses on answering the question: How are norms diffused to local communities? Looking at the implementation of human development norms, this paper examines the norms-based actions that NGOs take to maximize the development potential of children. Programs aimed at increasing basic education as well as fighting child labor are addressed. When exploring the norm socialization process NGOs use to promote programs in education and child labor, it is clear that a different process is present than is suggested by existing literature. This is due to the locale where norms are implemented: local communities.
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9

Rongo, Ysabella Mar. "Sustainable Development: The Viability of Aquaponics in International Development." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579022.

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This thesis aims to demonstrate that the world system of agriculture is not functioning at optimum capacity to nourish the world's population properly. Due to the author's passion about Brazil, it will focus on that area, although it can be applicable to many other world regions. The core intent is to offer aquaponics as an alternative agriculture system that is viable in the developing world, and in particular Brazil. This thesis also serves as a proposal for the continuation of the research and development of the theory that aquaponics is a viable tool for sustainable community development.
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10

Key, James Scott. "Development and Change in International Regimes: the Case of International Lending." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504222/.

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The present study is an attempt to better understand change in international relations through utilization of the concept of international regimes. The following chapters focus on creation of the international lending regime and change that has occurred within this regime. The work begins by reviewing the regime literature, noting definitional and conceptual problems of the approach. The review concludes with examples of regime scholarship that are utilized through the rest of the study. Examination of international lending as a regime consists of three sections: first, a profile of the creation of the United States-led, post-war multilateral lending regime; second, the replacement of U.S. geo-political concerns with a market emphasis desired by international banks; third, the more recent redirection of lending as the utility of market forces is constrained by adjustments necessary to facilitate emergency debt restructuring.
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11

Corfield, Alison. "Knowledge management in international development charities." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543848.

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This thesis investigates the effectiveness and potential longevity of Knowledge Management in three international development charities, in order to compare their experiences with the commercial context in which Knowledge Management originated. By this means, the research explores how well, or otherwise, Knowledge Management can be fitted into a different setting. It also throws significant light on the transfer of business practices more generally.Chapter one assesses the evolution of the discipline Knowledge Management. It also provides key information about International Development Charities. Chapter two identifies the theoretical foundations of Knowledge Management as a prescription for organisational effectiveness, together with recommended best practices. Two environmental factors are emphasised: the role of information technology and, given the historic link to Japanese workstyles, ideas about organisational `culture'. In chapter three, the methodology for practical enquiry, derived from organisational system theory, is presented, and the problems in assessing effectiveness are discussed. Chapters four and five provide the substantive outcome of the fieldwork. Patterns that emerge from the data are drawn together in chapter six, highlighting the selective nature of Knowledge Management in application and demonstrating both similarities to and divergences from the original concept. In particular, there are specific challenges posed by the international reach of development charities The overall conclusions in chapter seven confirm that Knowledge Management undoubtedly chimes with the broad aims of international charities. At the same time, the transferability of Knowledge Management depends crucially upon its adaptability to the organisations' aims, resources, and `culture'. Where it is accepted that knowledge handling is needed to build organisational capacity, then Knowledge Management can provide a framework which, when combined with technological advances, is a tool, rather than the answer, for international charities engaged in the continuing struggle to abolish poverty
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12

Dragusanu, Raluca Ecaterina. "Essays in International Trade and Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11546.

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This dissertation studies different aspects of the interaction between developed and developing countries in global supply chains. The first chapter studies the matching between importing and exporting firms in global supply chains. I construct a novel dataset that links firm-level information of Indian manufacturing exporters from the CMIE-Prowess database with firm-level information of their US importers from the Longitudinal Business Database. The data highlights three key facts that are consistent with the predictions of a theoretical model featuring sequential production and costly search for high-capability suppliers. First, there is positive assortative matching between US buyers and their Indian suppliers. Second, the strength of positive matching increases with the proximity to final use of the product traded (downstreamness). Finally, matching is stronger - and more sensitive to downstreamness - when the demand elasticity faced by the US buyer is high. The second chapter examines the effects of export factory work on young girls' school enrollment in the context of the garment industry in Cambodia, which employs primarily young, unmarried women from rural areas. I show that the female siblings of female garment workers who were induced to work in garment exporting sector by their proximity to the factories are one standard deviation more likely to attend school relative to their male siblings. The evidence is consistent with non-unitary household decision-making in which factory work increases the bargaining power of older female siblings within the household. The third chapter, written jointly with Nathan Nunn, investigates the impact of Fair Trade (FT) certification on coffee producers in Costa Rica. We begin by examining a panel of all coffee producers between 1999 and 2010. We find that FT certification is associated with higher export prices equal to approximately 5 cents per pound. Linking the mill-level information on FT certification to individual-level survey data, we find that FT certification does increase incomes, but only for skilled coffee growers and farm owners. There is no evidence that unskilled workers, particularly seasonal coffee pickers, benefit from certification.
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13

Hassan, Fadi. "Essays in international and development macroeconomics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/912/.

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The thesis comprehends four chapters: the first chapter concerns with the positive correlation between cross-country price level and per-capita income, which is generally regarded as a stylized fact renowned as the Penn-Balassa-Samuelson effect. The chapter provides evidence that the price-income relationship is actually non-linear and that it turns negative in low income countries. The result is robust along both cross-section and panel dimensions. The main contribution of this chapter is to uncover a new empirical regularity such that the price level firstly decreases and then increases along the development process. The second chapter argues that, in order to capture the non-monotonicity of the price-income relationship, we need a modified Balassa-Samuelson framework that accounts for the fact that low-income and high-income countries have very different economic structures and are at different stages of development. Particular emphasis needs to be put on the relevance of the agricultural sector in poor countries and for . The contribution of this chapter is to show that a model linking the price level to the process of structural transformation captures the non-monotonic pattern of the data. The third chapter departs from the Balassa-Samuleson framework and analyses the price-income relationship in a multisector Eaton-Kortum model of trade. The chapter shows that also within this framework a negative-price income relationship emerges. This provides further support to the empirical result shown in the first chapter and additional insights on the determinants of such relationship. The fourth chapter focuses on the relationship between foreign capital flows and income inequality in emerging countries. Developing countries experience a prolonged period of real exchange rate overvaluation after they have opened their capital and current account. This real exchange rate overvaluation is associated with rising income inequality within a country. The chapter provides evidence of a significant positive correlation between net capital flows and the Gini coefficient. The chapter presents also a model connecting the dynamics of the balance of payments with a search and matching model of the labor market. This provides a useful analytical framework to disentangle the mechanisms that can link foreign capital flows to income inequality through the impact of real exchange rate adjustment on the price of labor and quantity of employment.
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14

Lenhard, Klaus G. "International Participation in AOS Standards Development." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614724.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1989 / Town & Country Hotel & Convention Center, San Diego, California
During the current decade, international cooperation in space projects has become more and more popular and this trend is increasing. Initially, this involved only single missions with agencies flying payloads on other agencies' spacecraft. Later, this trend continued with international ventures, involving different agencies. In the immediate future, even more challenging scenarios are foreseen. The best known example and prime driver for such sophisticated missions will be the Space Station Freedom and its participating partners' spacecraft. Some of the international missions (ESA missions) are described briefly in this paper, in order to set the scene for a better understanding of the complex needs for standards within advanced orbiting systems. These ventures call for efficient means for cooperation and interoperability. Part of these requirements can be met by following international standards for space communications and space data systems. The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) undertook the task of integrating the space data systems requirements and developing appropriate recommendations for data systems standards for these Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS). All international partners in the Space Station Freedom Program participated in the definition, development, and review of the AOS recommendations. The need for better cooperation in space communications via data relay satellite prompted the formation of a three party international panel called the Space Network Interoperability Panel (SNIP). An important aspect is the need for verification and validation of the concept and of the detailed technical recommendations. For the immediate future, special compatibility campaigns, involving the international agencies are planned in order to ensure the smooth application and functioning of the AOS recommendations.
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15

Dewan-Czarnecki, Tara. "Perceptions of Overhead in International Development." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10141595.

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Revised foreign assistance policies of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) now include a limited allowance to cover overhead expenses incurred by those non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that do not maintain negotiated rates with the U.S. Government. This includes local NGOs (LNGOs) newer to direct funding. The limited allowance provides a fixed maximum percentage that NGOs without a negotiated rate can apply to any U.S. Government funded program. The new limited allowance is one key element of USAID Forward, the reform initiative launched in 2010 that among other features seeks to strengthen the capacity of grant-recipient LNGOs to achieve greater impact with development programs. Nevertheless, as this thesis based on original qualitative research will show, the staff of many of LNGOs upon which USAID is focusing are unaware of the options and requirements for obtaining sufficient overhead cost coverage. The affected NGOs thus in fact operate at a disadvantage, especially in comparison with larger international NGOs (INGOs) with negotiated rates and greater financial knowledge.

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16

Kumar, Ajay. "International tax coherence : a development perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.634886.

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This thesis attempts to resolve the deadlock to achieve an equitable division of taxes, and thereby internation equity. As the present tax laws were not negotiated, it is not considered here as fair. In this thesis it is proposed that an equitable division could be achieved through a division based on the levels of human development (combining Rawlsian schema and Sen’s capability approach). Therefore, it is argued that such a division would be equitable; because it would be based on entitlements (territorial claims), it would generate cooperation and thereby lead to greater efficiency. Importantly, this thesis establishes that the present tax treaties neither generate cooperation nor cohere with global welfare. Similarly, it is also found that the other institutions (OECD, IMF, WB and Dispute Settlement) related the tax regime presently do not promote development based on human capabilities. This could help developing countries to pursue a division favouring development (laws favouring development) and understand the institutions better suited to pursue such goals.
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17

Шуканов, Павло Васильович, Михайло Михайлович Логвин, and Ніна Миколаївна Карпенко. "Geoeconomic aspects of international tourism development." Thesis, ПУЕТ, 2019. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7563.

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18

Sigrist, Adam C. "International Development: Not-So-Simple Business." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1304535890.

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19

Inthanoochai, Kamron. "Industrial development in Thailand : the five-year development plans and their implementation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237280.

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20

Kazemi, Abadi Alireza. "Reaffirmation and development of customary international humanitarian law by international criminal tribunals." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reaffirmation-and-development-of-customary-international-humanitarian-law-by-international-criminal-tribunals(df866a57-9959-4706-888e-737e75e68d2b).html.

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The codifying of international humanitarian law (IHL) that began in the mid-nineteenth century has not diminished the importance of customary international humanitarian law (CIHL), at least, in filling the gaps between the needs of the victims of armed conflicts and the inadequacies of conventional law. This is fully reflected in the case-law of international criminal tribunals (ICTs) where customary law has been extensively applied in areas that are not sufficiently regulated by treaty provisions or where the parties to armed conflicts were not parties to similar treaties. This study mainly focuses on the contributions of the judicial decisions of the ICTs to the current state of CIHL. It examines how the decisions have reaffirmed certain rules of CIHL or, when applicable, how they have influenced the subsequent development of CIHL. It also seeks to analytically study the rules of IHL identified as customary in the decisions of ICTs. In the course of research, the customary definition of non-international armed conflicts (NIACs), tests for determining internationalized armed conflicts, customary content of war crimes, and their application to NIACs are discussed in greater details. It is argued that the ICTs contribute to customary rules by way of reaffirmation and development. They develop CIHL through judicial interpretation or practical application of existing laws to new cases. CIHL has the advantages of flexibility in formation and universality in application. The case-law of ICTs, however, clearly reveals that the prime advantage of CIHL is its constituent elements and the prerogative that the ICTs can exercise in identifying customary rules. The ICTs deliberately choose combinations of the elements of opinio juris and State practice to draw the rules that they consider to be suitable for protecting the victims of armed conflicts. The methodology has been occasionally criticized to be ultra vires law-making. This research shows that the methodology is still definable in the positivist views to international law-making, though they have managed to develop CIHL beyond its traditional boundaries to cover areas of IHL, such as NIACs where States have been traditionally reluctant to develop.
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21

Steingass, Sebastian Dionysius. "Federating EU development cooperation? : Europe's contributions to international development effectiveness." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283603.

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The European Union (EU) has long strived to act collectively in the face of international challenges such as poverty, hunger and state fragility beyond its borders. While the EU member states and institutions seek coherent responses to these challenges, they also have partly competing agendas. Yet there has been increasing agreement on collective action. To understand this agreement, this thesis asks how policy professionals contribute to the advocacy of policy norms for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states. The research analyses policy processes in EU development cooperation since the early 2000s. In development cooperation the EU's effectiveness has been particularly contested because of the combination of competing ideas about the EU's role and about how to achieve effective and sustainable development. The research finds that, while formal decisions about collective action remain in the hands of member states, transnational networks of policy professionals in the EU institutions, member state bureaucracies and civil society contribute to shaping the terms of debate regarding the EU's role in effective development cooperation. These network interactions, which form around institutional decision-making centres, transcend the organisational boundaries of member state bureaucracies, EU institutions and civil society organisations. These findings fill a gap in our understanding of how EU norms governing collective external action are advocated as existing research has tended to focus on how institutional structure facilitate state coordination. By concentrating on the cases of Germany and the United Kingdom and their engagement with the EU institutions, the research revises existing, dominant views on norm advocacy in EU external action: It links the previously little related concepts of norm advocacy and discursive networks to analyse the agency and scope of policy professionals in the advocacy of EU policy norms; and it provides new empirical insights into the role of these policy professionals for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states in development cooperation.
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Dooley, Peadar. "The role of anthropology in international development." Thesis, Boston University, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27638.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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23

Sonne, Anne-Mette. "Knowledge sharing in international product development teams /." Aarhus, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/539961329.pdf.

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24

Huang, Yuelu. "Intercultural competence and international business relationship development." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431503.

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25

Ortiz-Fernandez, Salvador. "International trade, research and development and growth." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302409.

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26

Stephens, Barbara Jean. "International Development Non-Government Organisations and Partnership." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7877.

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International develoment non-government organisations (INGOs)are a recognised component of Aotearoa New Zealand society. In 2012 CID advised the Government that INGOs are the key conduit for many thousands of New Zealanders that donated over $114 million in 2011 in support of international development and disaster relief. Since the 1970s the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TRade (MFAT) has managed the allocation of a proportion of Government Overseas Development Assistance to subsidise the money raised from the public by the INGOs. The impact of INGO involvement in development projects and programmes has received considerable academic scrutiny; however little attention has been paid to the understanding and operation of partnership within international activities . This thesis focuses on the partnership practices of New Zealand INGOs.
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Pascali, Luigi. "Essays in Growth, Development and International Trade." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2001.

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Thesis advisor: Fabio Schiantarelli
Thesis advisor: James Anderson
The thesis is composed of the following three distinct papers. 1.Banks and Development: Jewish Communities in the Italian Renaissance and Current Economic Performance Do banks affect long-term economic performance? I answer this question by relying on an historical development that occurred in Italian cities during the 15th century. A sudden change in the Catholic doctrine had driven the Jews toward money lending. Cities that were hosting Jewish communities developed complex banking institutions for two reasons: first, the Jews were the only people in Italy allowed to lend for a profit; second the Franciscan reaction to Jewish usury led to the creation of charity lending institutions that evolved into many of the current Italian banks. Using Jewish demography in 1450 as an instrument, I estimate large effects of current banking development on the income-per-capita of Italian cities. Additional firm-level analyses suggest that well-functioning local banks exert large effects on aggregate productivity by reallocating resources toward more efficient firms. Controlling for province effects, using additional historical data on Jewish demography and exploiting the expulsion of the Jews from the Spanish territories in Italy in 1541, I argue that my results are not driven by omitted institutional, cultural and geographical characteristics. In particular, I show that the difference in current income between cities that hosted Jewish communities and cities that did not exists only in those regions that were not Spanish territories in the 16th century. These difference-in-difference estimates suggest that the Jewish Diaspora can explain at least 10% of the current income gap between Northern and Southern Italy. 2. Contract Incompleteness, Globalization and Vertical Structure: an Empirical Analysis This paper studies the effects of international openness and contracting institutions on vertical integration. It first derives a number of predictions regarding the interactions between trade barriers, contracting costs, technology intensity, and the extent of vertical integration from a simple model with incomplete contracts. Then it investigates these predictions using a new dataset of over 14000 firms from 45 developing countries. Consistent with theory, the effect of technology intensity of domestic producers on their likelihood to vertically integrate is decreasing in the quality of domestic contracting institutions and in international openness. Contract enforcing costs are particularly high in developing countries and their effects on the vertical structure of technological intensive firms may have significant welfare costs. If improving domestic contracting institutions is not feasible an equivalent solution is to increase openness to international trade. This would discipline domestic suppliers reducing the need for vertical integration. 3. Productivity, Welfare and Reallocation: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence (joint with Susanto Basu, Fabio Schiantarelli and Luis Serven) We prove that in a closed economy without distortionary taxation, the welfare of a representative consumer is summarized to a first order by the current and expected future values of the Solow productivity residual in level and by the initial endowment of capital. The equivalence holds if the representative household maximizes utility while taking prices parametrically. This result justifies TFP as the right summary measure of welfare (even in situations where it does not properly measure technology) and makes it possible to calculate the contributions of disaggregated units (industries or firms) to aggregate welfare using readily available TFP data. We show how these results must be modified if the economy is open or if taxes are distortionary. We then compute firm and industry contributions to welfare for a set of European OECD countries (Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain), using industry-level (EU-KLEMS) and firm-level (Amadeus) data. After adding further assumptions about technology and market structure (firms minimize costs and face common factor prices), we show that welfare change can be decomposed into three components that reflect respectively technical change, aggregate distortions and allocative efficiency. Then, using the appropriate firm-level data, we assess the importance of each of these components as sources of welfare improvement in the same set of European countries
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Yli-Nikkola, H. (Heli). "Branding in the international business opportunity development." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201411121986.

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This study discusses challenges and possibilities with newly established firms related to international business opportunity development, and examines the role of branding in the process. The aim of the research is to analyse how international business opportunities and branding are intertwined in new and small firms’ activities. The study starts with a literature review where the phenomenon is approached by reviewing focal theories related to international business opportunity development and branding. The study continues with an empirical research by examining the international business opportunity development and branding of two Oulu-based newly founded firms operating in the high technology industry. The empirical research is carried out by theme-based interviews. The study revealed that international business opportunities can be supported by branding activities starting from the very early phase of founding a new firm. The different functions and actors of the international business opportunities are distinguished to analyse the connections to the branding activities and actors impacting branding process, and to analyse how branding efforts can support the international business opportunity development. Hence, the international business opportunity development within a new firm was depicted as a process incorporating the main activities of learning, networking, internationalising, innovating and creating customer value. The business opportunity is co-created together with the specialised capabilities of the main actors: entrepreneur(s), organisation, social networks and stakeholders. Branding being a continuous process to co-create value, building the brand identity and image promoting the awareness, reliability and recognition of the new firm can support also the development of the international business opportunity and nurture the network relationships management. The results show insights into how the development of the international business opportunity can utilise brand building endeavours to overcome the major challenges that occurred due to specific context of a newly established firm. The study advances the contemporary knowledge by pointing towards the supportive role of branding in establishing new customer and partner relationships to develop the international business opportunity. The purpose of this research was to gain a more profound understanding of the development of the international business opportunities, and to enhance the development of international entrepreneurship theory in order to explore the relations of the phenomenon. The scope of this study is not the emergence of the business opportunities as such, but the continuous interactive process of discovering, creating, evaluating and exploiting, thus, the development of opportunities in order to be able to collect the fruits of the specific international business opportunity. Branding has often regarded as a business functions for the bigger companies requiring heavy investments and big organization behind, which small firms with limited resources generally lack. This research is to understand the role of branding in new and small firms established for developing the international business opportunity. The present study encourages entrepreneurs to systematically think of the potential advantages of branding for the development of their international business opportunity and for tackling the challenges faced by a new and small firm.
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Kursenko, I. V. "International collaboration development in nanotechnology and nanomaterials." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81376.

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Робота досліджувала розвиток міжнародного співробітництва у галузі 89 нанотехнологій та нанометрії. Проведено аналіз цієї сфери діяльності в Україні, її залежності від міжнародних інвесторів та партнерів. Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є вивчення теоретичних підходів до розвитку міжнародного співробітництва в галузі нанотехнологій та наноматеріалів. Розкриття перспектив та актуальності галузі нанотехнологій та наноматеріалів, визначення міжнародного нанотехнологічного співробітництва окремих програм, виявлення недбалості вітчизняної влади щодо перспективних напрямків науково-технічної сфери нанотехнологій, наявність перспектив у разі вдосконалення співпраці Україна щодо Європейської рамкової програми.
The work investigated the development of international cooperation in the field of nanotechnology and nanometrial. The analysis of this sphere of activity in Ukraine, its dependence on international investors and partners is carried out. The purpose of qualification paper is to examine the theoretical approaches to development of international collaboration in nanotechnology and nanomaterials. Revealing the prospects and relevance of the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, definition of international nanotechnological cooperation of individual programs, revealing the negligence of the domestic authorities towards promising areas of scientific and technological spheres of nanotechnology, availability of prospects in case of improvement of cooperation of Ukraine on the European Framework Program
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Skirda, T. S., and Katya Doctorova. "International education, prospects and youth development strategies." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/42983.

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Schools, private colleges and universities around the world have gained such popularity among those who want to study abroad thanks to the level of education provided there. Higher-level teachers guarantee a significant increase in student knowledge. The main secret of success is that each educational institution has developed a special methodology for presenting information, taking into account the individual capabilities of each student or student. Regardless of the level of preparation and luggage knowledge, the program is interesting, accessible and understandable to everyone.
Школи, приватні коледжі та університети у всьому світі здобули таку популярність серед тих, хто хоче вчитися за кордоном завдяки рівню освіти, що надається там. Викладачі вищого рівня гарантують значне зростання знань студентів. Основний секрет успіху полягає в тому, що кожен навчальний заклад розробив спеціальну методику подання інформації з урахуванням індивідуальних можливостей кожного учня чи студента. Незалежно від рівня підготовки та багажних знань, програма цікава, доступна та зрозуміла кожному.
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Lima, Susana Maria Peixoto Godinho. "International cooperation for development in tourism destinations." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14082.

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Doutoramento em Turismo
The main goal of this thesis is to propose a conceptual theoretical model of critical success factors of International Development Cooperation programmes that are based in knowledge transfer approaches in the context of tourism development. The research was structured around three main theoretical pillars: international development cooperation (IDC), tourism as a tool for development, and knowledge transfer (KT). By exploring these pillars´ main interrelations, it was possible to gather the necessary background to develop the theoretical model and apply it to a real context. It was adopted a qualitative research approach using as a case study an IDC programme in tourism - the UNWTO.Volunteers programme. The key contribution of this thesis in the theoretical realm is the bridging of fields of study that are insufficiently covered in the scientific literature. The resulting model proposal applied to a real context of an IDC programme implementation permitted to test it partially providing useful insights for future research. It is postulated that IDC programmes in these contexts constitute a process rather than an end in itself. Therefore, they should be seen as a way of changing the state of the art of the tourism system in a sustainable manner so that it potentially generates positive development changes. This study suggested that it is not possible to achieve positive results if, instead of encouraging a KT and learning environment, it is simply disseminated knowledge in a linear, static, north-south approach. The characteristics of these interventions should be reviewed in that it was found that it is very difficult to guarantee the maintenance of the development changes induced by them if it is not safeguarded the necessary conditions and accountability to implement the recommended actions. While it was perceived a great potential for development changes to be induced by some IDC programmes in tourism destinations, it was concluded that these processes are too much dependent on the local political systems and existing power relations, as well as on the level of tourism development of the destination. However, more research is needed to examine the ability to generalise the findings to other IDC programmes and different destinations of developing countries.
O objectivo principal desta tese é desenvolver um modelo conceptual sobre os factores críticos de sucesso dos programas de turismo e cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento que se baseiam na transferência de conhecimento. O modelo teórico proposto procura preencher uma lacuna na literatura científica relativamente ao turismo e à cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento e o papel da transferência de conhecimento como um meio para induzir alterações positivas em termos de desenvolvimento humano. Foi desenvolvida uma abordagem de investigação qualitativa através de um estudo de caso do programa UNWTO.Volunteers. O principal contributo teórico desta tese é estabelecer uma ponte entre vários campos de investigação que não estão suficientemente estudados na literatura científica de forma integrada - transferência de conhecimento, turismo e a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Com o modelo teórico proposto pretende-se contribuir para a investigação futura, tendo este sido aplicado e testado parcialmente no contexto real da implementação de um programa de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Este estudo sugere que não é possível obter resultados satisfatórios nestes programas se, em vez de potenciar a transferência de conhecimento e a criação de um ambiente propício à partilha de conhecimento, forem adotadas abordagens estáticas e lineares Norte-Sul. O estudo sugere que as características destes projectos de desenvolvimento devem ser revistas no sentido em que se torna difícil garantir que as alterações induzidas inicialmente pelos programas perdurem no tempo depois daqueles terminarem. O estudo tornou evidente que existe um grande potencial para uma efetiva transferência de conhecimento que contribua para a melhoria das condições de vida e do desenvolvimento dos destinos intervencionados, mas que os mesmos estão demasiadamente dependentes dos sistemas políticos locais e das relações de poder existentes, assim como do seu nível do desenvolvimento turístico. É necessário desenvolver mais investigação para analisar outros programas em diferentes contextos de aplicação para que se possam generalizar os resultados para outros programas de cooperação de destinos de países em desenvolvimento.
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32

Zulu, Nancy Mwansa. "International development law : declaratory, aspirational and positive." Thesis, University of Buckingham, 2015. http://bear.buckingham.ac.uk/95/.

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This thesis considers the different understandings of what 'law' is and applies this to the specific area of international development law. Two central questions are addressed. Firstly, what is the basis of international development law? Put another way, in what sense can international development law be spoken of as 'real' or 'true' law? Secondly, and a precursor to the first question is the question of what is 'real' law. The following preliminary questions are also addressed: what is 'international development law'? What are the sources of international development law? Who formulates international development law? What characteristics or criteria can one use to identify law and thus identify international development law as true law? Paralleling growth of new areas of international law, and aspiring to a 'hard law', is a growing body of international development law. After World War II a distinct body of international development law emerged fostered by the newly independent countries of Africa and Asia. Despite the continued relevance of the legal aspects of the new international economic order (NIEO) debate of the 1970s, and the growing body of instruments, there is a dearth of current literature on the notion of international development law and its legal validity. This thesis addressed this gap. The questions are approached through a multiple grid of legal understandings. The thesis considers what stands as law in the positivist tradition, in the natural law or aspirational law tradition, and in the more recent tradition of legal process. Each of the types of law considered shows the different bases and varying status of international development law. Taken together, these also show the emergence of a legal structure consisting of norms, principles and rules. All this also points to increasing legalization of international development with a discernible movement towards hard law.
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Grillos, Tara. "Participation, Power and Preferences in International Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845452.

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Participatory development is widely touted as the remedy for ineffective and disempowering top-down development models of the past. However, participation can take many different forms, so an important open question for effective delivery of development assistance is: Which forms of participation influence which development outcomes under which circumstances? In this dissertation, I identify six key areas of research related to participatory development: the initial adoption of a participatory institution, the decision by individuals to participate or not, the direct outcomes of the participatory process, the effects on participants themselves, changes in the process over time, and carefully selected comparisons across contexts. I then make specific contributions to three of these areas through empirical research. The first essay, Popular Participation, Reciprocity Norms and Conservation Incentives in Bolivia, examines the decision to participate. In it, I compare the characteristics of participants and non-participants in a compensation program for environmental conservation in Bolivia, and I show that in addition to material incentives, social embeddedness plays a role in motivating participation. The second essay, Poverty Targeting and Elite Capture in Participatory Planning in Indonesia, addresses the direct outcomes of participation. In it, I examine the geographical distribution of the outcomes of a participatory planning process in Indonesia, and I show that the benefits are captured most by the least poor areas, but that this occurs in ways distinct from how capture is typically conceived. The third essay, Gender Inequality and the Multi-Dimensionality of Power in Northern Kenya, addresses the effects of participation on the empowerment of participants themselves. In it, I assess the impact on women’s empowerment of a program meant to enhance women’s political participation in northern Kenya, and I find that while the program largely fails to promote political participation, it has an impact on women’s empowerment within the household, very likely due to a component of the program which engaged directly with men. Overarching themes that emerge across these studies include (1) the importance of increased conceptual clarity not only with respect to the various forms that participation can take and the various goals it can be invoked to seek, but also regarding various hypothesized effects of and motivations for participation, (2) the potential relevance of the implementing agency and its relationship with pre-existing, overlapping social institutions, and (3) the usefulness of engaging with literature on psychology and behavioral economics. Understudied areas for future research include the evolution over time of a particular participatory process and more systematic comparisons of participatory processes across settings.
Public Policy
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Oleschak, Rekha. "The international law of development-induced displacement /." Table on contents, 2009. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00231710.pdf.

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35

Hoonsawat, Ratidanai. "Three essays in international trade and development." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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36

Dogbey, John. "Spillover effects in financial and international development." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10593.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 88 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78).
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Oesterle, Heidi. "International adoption : cultural socialization and identity development." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1672.

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Neequaye, Nii Amon. "Three Essays in Trade and International Development." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4447.

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This dissertation studies how society views corruption at different stages of economic development. It develops a theoretical framework that shows that at low levels of income or development, corruption increases and at high levels of income and development, corruption decreases. This theoretical proposition is also investigated empirically. The empirical analyses support the proposed theory and hint that fiscal policy, socioeconomic conditions, and incidences of war play significant roles in determining a country’s corruption level. In addition, this dissertation also explores the relationship between merchandise and service trade. I show theoretically that the two are related and determined simultaneously. An empirical investigation also confirms this proposition. Lastly, I investigate the issue of pollution in developing countries. I explore the existence of an inverted u-shaped relationship between emissions and income. I examine the role played by foreign investment in improving emissions in developing countries. The results support the inverted u-shaped relationship and suggest that environmental aid does not reduce emissions in developing countries.
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39

Löfgren, Angelika. "International network competitiveness : Technical and foreign market knowledge development in international SME networks." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Marknadsföring och strategi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-29182.

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How can small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) compete over time within international networks? This thesis takes a stance in that business network relationships are essential for international SMEs as such networks can provide knowledge and learning opportunities. International network competitiveness is, in this thesis, introduced as a concept that captures SMEs long term performance, resulting from the firms being competitive within international business networks. This thesis thereafter proposes that an analytical framework of International network competitiveness, can promote the study of SMEs' long term performance within international networks. The thesis subsequently acknowledges that SMEs frequently need to develop a combination of technical- and foregin market knowledge so as to stay competitive within international networks. In fact, technical knowledge development is central for an increasingly wider selection of firms, not only high tech firms. By investigating the function of co-innovation (innovation together with network partners), for the proposed components of international network competitiveness, the thesis demonstrate that innovation has intriguing and central functions for the international network competitiveness of SMEs.

Diss. Stockholm :  Stockholm School of Economics, 2014. Introduction together with 4 articles. At the time of the disputation the articles had the status accepted

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Addo, M. K. "The implications for some aspects of contemporary international economic law of international human rights law." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378354.

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41

Lind, Anna-Maria. "Struggle and Development : Approaching gender bias in practical international development work." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Social and Political Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1444.

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Since the Beijing Conference on women in 1995 ‘gender-mainstreaming’ has been the new buzz word within the international development regime. Gender equality is increasingly believed to be a major determinant for socioeconomic development in the Global South. However, the development agenda and the gender strategies for the Global South are still outlined and determined by development professionals at head quarters of the development business in the in the Global North. Heavy critique has been launched against the prevailing international development paradigm, not only for being increasingly centralised and categorised as business, which distances global policy from the lived realities in the Global South, but also for obscuring unequal power relations between men and women behind the political correctness of gender.

This study explores how gender and gender power relations are perceived and approached in practical development work in India. Through the example of the Self-Employed Women’s Association, SEWA, my ambition is to give an example of how gender bias and social inequality can be targeted through practical socioeconomic development work in a way that is both context sensitive and sprung from the Global South. SEWA is a women’s organisation, as well as a trade union and a cooperative movement. Aiming at improving employment and social and economic security for the female workers in the informal sectors, SEWA has organised its 800 000 members and social security services into cooperatives to bring about a process of social transformation with women at the centre.

My empirical findings show that SEWA approaches gender bias in concrete and particular forms. As gender discrimination and poverty are interconnected, dealing with low-income households’ basic socioeconomic needs will also restructure gender power relations. With a large member-base and with ties to NGOs, corporations and governmental bodies, regionally, nationally and internationally, SEWA has become a powerful actor for social development, even at times when they face heavy resistance due to their feminist principles and commitment to the poor and socially marginalised.

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Xu, Jiajun. "Buying influence? : the international diplomacy behind donor financing of the World Bank's International Development Association." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4e90a729-0a79-457a-9497-b35defeae456.

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This thesis addresses the puzzle of why changes in relative donor contributions to the World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA) did not reflect shifts in their relative economic capabilities. It addresses the grand debates about how power transitions shape a US-led hegemonic international system by exploring one specific international organisation. Drawing primarily on archives, elite interviews, and participant observation, I examine sixteen rounds of IDA replenishment negotiations from 1960 to 2010. There are three puzzles a close empirical analysis throws up. The first is why the hegemon maintained its burden shares regardless of rise or fall in economic status; I call this ‘Hegemonic Lag’. The second is why ascending powers were slow to assume greater burden-shares despite economic ascents; I call this ‘Challenger Inertia.’ The third puzzle is why significant burden-shifting occurred on a much greater scale than shifts in relative economic weight; I call this ‘Accelerated Burden-Shifting.’ Two conventional explanations – donors’ relative ‘ability-to-pay’ and their ‘country-specific interests’ – offer a first-cut analysis of donors’ ability and willingness to contribute. However, they fail to uncover how bipolar geopolitics and World Bank governance shaped IDA burden-sharing dynamics. This thesis tests whether the hegemon will maintain its shares even if its relative economic capacity wanes, if its bipolar rival poses a more intense external threat. Equally it tests whether a hegemon and/or waning powers with a desire to expand total IDA resources will cede voting rights to ascending powers in exchange for financial support to IDA. Finally, the research examines whether a hegemon violating the ‘fairness’ principle by shirking obligations but pursuing undue influence will face secondary states willing to take ‘exit/voice’ measures to restore an implicit contribution-to-influence equity line; and whether such countermeasures would be postponed if secondary states are structurally dependent upon the hegemon and/or lack viable outside options. In-depth case studies are used to test these hypotheses. Overall the thesis reveals that the US maintained or cut its burden share as the Soviet threat waxed and waned; and that as the Soviet Union collapsed the US abandoned both its leadership for IDA expansion to counter the Soviet threat and its self-restraint in controlling the World Bank, provoking the fairness concern among secondary states – the most potent factor in explaining IDA burden-sharing dynamics in the post-Cold War era.
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Weber, Janice Minna. "The agency for international development's (AID) urban development policy and its application." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78059.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 114-117.
by Janice Minna Weber.
M.C.P.
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44

Motloung, Tebogo Wilfred. "Human rights and international environmental law: Towards the development of an international environmental right?" University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6543.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The global state of the environment is deteriorating daily because of challenges posed by environmental degradation, including climate change. In recognition of the mounting global environmental crisis and its detrimental impact on the enjoyment of human rights, there is a growing call for the recognition of what is generally referred to as a human right to a clean environment, otherwise referred to in this study as an international environmental right. Proponents of an international environmental right hold a firm view that such a right will prevent or mitigate actions that are responsible for environmental degradation and thus contribute to environmental protection. This study seeks to determine the nature of the relationship between the environment and human rights and whether the proposal for the recognition of an international environmental right to address global environmental concerns that pose a threat to the enjoyment of human rights has merit. In determining the viability of recognising an international environmental right, a number of theories underpinning the recognition of new international human rights, the status of the right in existing international human rights agreements, political willingness and support of states, the notion of global constitutionalism, customary international law sources such as soft law instruments, international declarations etc., are considered.
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Haflidadottir, Helga. "The progressive development of international enforcement : public international law and compliance with environmental obligations." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14459.

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This thesis is concerned with the progressive development of international enforcement. In effect, it explores the normative pull of international law and its influence on compliance with international environmental obligations. Moreover, it looks to the notion of progress in international law and assesses its influence within the sphere of international enforcement. In recent decades, the effect of contemporary environmental challenges on the enjoyment of various values and rights have become more apparent. It is in light of this present situation that this thesis explores the progressive development of international enforcement. Furthermore, it is in light of this situation that the thesis makes a claim for enhanced compliance with international environmental obligations. The thesis main argument is that the normative pull of international law can increase the effectiveness of international enforcement within the context of some international environmental obligations. Furthermore, the thesis posits that looking to the notion of progress in international law can advance an understanding of how the normative pull impacts the authority and legitimacy of international enforcement measures. To that end, it is argued that the notion of progress in international law, by coinciding with authority in international law, justifies coercive enforcement actions; and further, that the notion of progress, by influencing the legitimacy of international enforcement, contributes to the necessity of compliance. In effect the notion of progress in international law, therefore, has the capacity to influence compliance with international environmental obligations. In order to contextualise the theoretical arguments and assumptions made, the thesis looks to two international environmental obligations: The obligation to avert the cause of climate change and the obligation to preserve and protect the marine environment.
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Steenkamp, Andre Eric. "Trade development - the impact of trade preferences in facilitating competitive Industrial development : an Agoa Case Study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13222.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The central question and motivation behind this paper is to determine whether trade preference agreements facilitate permanent economic development, or if they merely temporarily increase the volume of exports over the period of preferential market access. The paper will evaluate this, by using the case study of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) enacted by the United States (US) in 2000. The literature and empirical data show that exports do increase in certain cases under trade preference agreements, however what is missing to a large extent is the impact that these increased exports have on facilitating competitive industrial development through learning-by-doing spill over effects. The objective of this paper is to identity evidence which supports the notion that trade preferences have the potential to advance competitive industrial development, by specifically looking at the impact that AGOA has had on eligible Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries exports to third countries since its enactment in 2000 as the indicator of trade induced permanent economic development. This is one indicator of many, such as labour productivity, manufacturing output, foreign direct investment, and GDP per capita which could also be used as indicators of development. The remainder of this paper is organised as follows. In the second section, a review of the theoretical and empirical literature with respect to trade preferences and specifically AGOA preferences is discussed. Section three presents an empirical analysis, firstly in terms of a graphical analysis which is then followed by an econometric analysis. The aim of the empirical analysis is to firstly understand the aggregate story of apparel exports under AGOA preferences, and secondly to test the relationship that trade preferences facilitate economic development through enhanced trade. The fourth section concludes the paper by emphasising the key findings, issues and policy recommendations of the paper.
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47

Viitanen, Kauko. "The Finnish Urban Land Readjustment Procedure in an International Context." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Real Estate and Construction Management, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3067.

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The aim of urban land readjustment is to produce newbuilding land and to reorganise urban areas. The method used isdesigned to consolidate a group of adjoining land parcels fortheir unified planning and subdivision in an area with afragmented or an otherwise inappropriate property and ownershipstructure. The procedure can be considered either as a methodfor urban land development (by landowners) or as a tool forplanning implementation (by society). Different countries havereached different solutions depending on, for example, theplanning system already in existence and the attitude towardsthe responsibilities of the private and the public sectors inproducing urban land.

The urban land readjustment procedure is very closely linkedto detailed local planning and other land use planning. Theprocedure is justified not only on the basis of cost andefficiency but also on the basis of its fair treatment oflandowners, improvements in plan quality, savings to thecommunity, and environmental benefits. In the readjustmentprocedure the land value changes can be fairly and equallydistributed among landowners. The procedure will therefore alsohelp to prevent planning speculation. As property boundariescan be disregarded when preparing the plan, the number ofpotential plan solutions will essentially be increased andfinally the quality of the plan itself improved. At the sametime the existing social structure can also be maintained. Theprocesses needed are, however, often very demanding andcomplicated and require those involved to display considerableexpertise. The decision-makers should also be familiar with theoperating mechanisms and options so that implementation of theprocedure is not jeopardised through ignorance.

In 1997 a new Real Property Formation Act came into force inFinland which defined the Finnish urban land readjustmentprocedure. The strengths of the new procedure lie in itswell-defined structure and organisation, but it also has itsweaknesses. Although the aim of the procedure is to achievebetter detailed local plans, planners often do not know inpractice if the readjustment procedure can be carried out, dueto the extensive legal provisions. It seems, therefore, thatthe existing regulations are ineffective in meeting the needsof urban land readjustment, and further improvements areurgently required. Failure to take such measures will place injeopardy the future use of the procedure. By amending thestatutes and the proceedings the use of the urban landreadjustment procedure might become a familiar activity whendeveloping the urban structure in areas with fragmentedownership.

Keywords: Land development, joint development, landmanagement, land use planning, plan implementation, propertyacquisition, cadastral procedure, law and economics.

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48

Fukui, Elisabeth Tani. "Essays in international economics." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1680014711&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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49

Morgan, Melanie Josephine. "World music and international development ethnography of globalization /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3573.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: School of Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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50

Jolly, Jennifer Elaine. "The evolution and development of international health collaboration." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26847.

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The goal of this thesis is to document and explain the evolution and development of international health collaboration. Utilizing international relations theory, the initial development of the health regulatory regime is traced through the early sanitary conferences. The establishment of international health organizations is then documented, along with the transformation this entailed in international health collaboration. The resulting effect the institutionalization of the international health regime had upon international health collaboration is finally presented. It is determined that states initial interest in international health collaboration grew out of a concern for reducing the impediments to international trade and commerce that quarantine measures imposed. States were, at first, reluctant to collaborate, but as scientific knowledge increased, international cooperation in this area expanded. Realizing the benefits of joint technical cooperation, states formed international organizations. The special characteristics of international health under the guiding influence of medical specialists were to cause an evolution within this regime. Collaboration in this area has greatly increased. The primary concern of the international health regime is no longer the containment of pestilent diseases without significant interference to international commerce. This regime is now concerned with improving the level of health care to all states, regardless of the effects this might have on the interests of the developed states. Technical cooperation and aid to developing countries is now the central focus of the World Health Organization. This evolution has not occurred without some degree of conflict, however, as it is the developing states and the medical elites of the organization have forced the evolution of the previous norms of this regime. The developing states have a clear interest in securing assistance in developing their health infrastructures, and the elites of the WHO are committed by nature of their scientific training to work towards this ideal. The developed states are not in favour of this change as it threatens their interests and power within this regime. Although it initially appeared that collaboration in this area would be relatively easy to secure as an improvement in health would be to every state's benefit, this has not always been the case. International relations theory is utilized in this thesis to explain the origins, the obstacles, and the evolution that has occurred within this regime.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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