Relevant bibliographies by topics / International Criminal Accountability

Academic literature on the topic 'International Criminal Accountability'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "International Criminal Accountability"

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KENDALL, SARA. "Donors' Justice: Recasting International Criminal Accountability." Leiden Journal of International Law 24, no. 3 (August 5, 2011): 585–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156511000264.

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AbstractInternational legal scholarship to date has largely neglected the donor-driven dynamics of international criminal justice. This article advances what I term ‘donors’ justice’ as an analytic frame for interpreting the work of international criminal tribunals. Donors’ justice is defined as third-party financial support for tribunal activity. It imports market rationalities into the field of criminal accountability, which assume overlapping discursive, political, and economic forms. The Special Court for Sierra Leone provides a case study of the implications of donor-driven logics for international criminal justice, particularly the material problems of insecure funding and the ethical problems of limited personal jurisdiction.
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Palmer, Emma. "Localizing international criminal accountability in Cambodia." International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 16, no. 1 (July 28, 2015): 97–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/irap/lcv013.

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Cedrangolo, Ugo. "The Accountability for International Crimes Perpetrated by Children." International Criminal Law Review 19, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 698–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01904003.

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The issue of accountability for international crimes committed by children is one of the most complex legal and moral conundrums in international criminal justice. While children are excluded from the jurisdiction of international criminal courts, they can be sometimes the authors of heinous crimes, including international crimes. In the first section, the author examines whether prosecution at national level may be a solution in these cases. He then discusses if a minimum age of criminal responsibility should be agreed at international level and, if so, what this age should be. The issue of whether child soldiers possess the necessary mens rea for the commission of international crimes is also discussed. In the final section, the author suggests that more emphasis should be put on the accountability of those who use children to commit these crimes, notably through the legal concept of indirect participation, included in the icc Statute.
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Barber, Rebecca. "Accountability for Crimes against the Rohingya." Journal of International Criminal Justice 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 557–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqz031.

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Abstract In 2018, the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar found that there were reasonable grounds to believe the Myanmar military had perpetrated war crimes, crimes against humanity and possibly genocide against the Rohingya people. It recommended that the Security Council refer the situation to the International Criminal Court, but that recommendation is unlikely to be acted upon. This article considers whether, if the Security Council fails to act, the General Assembly may establish an ad hoc international criminal tribunal. It examines first the competency of the General Assembly to consider and make recommendations on matters of international peace and security, as explicitly articulated in the United Nations (UN) Charter and as implied by the purposes and principles of the UN. It then analyses the relevance and applicability of the General Assembly’s Uniting for Peace Resolution. It argues that the General Assembly has previously interpreted its powers to include the establishment of bodies it deems necessary for the maintenance of peace and security, and that in the case of Myanmar there is no reason it could not take the further step of establishing an ad hoc international criminal tribunal — albeit one without coercive powers.
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Hamilton, Rebecca J. "New Technologies in International Criminal Investigations." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 112 (2018): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.18.

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My current research looks at ways in which people and institutions are using technology to build the evidentiary record in international criminal litigation. In particular, I focus on the collection of, and reliance on, what I call user-generated evidence. This is footage that an ordinary citizen—the user—records on their smartphone, in an effort to achieve legal accountability.
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O’Brien, Melanie. "“Revolution is glorious! Revolution is no crime!” International Crimes and Chinese Domestic Law, and the Gang of Four Trial." New Criminal Law Review 19, no. 3 (2016): 313–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2016.19.3.313.

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China was active in the drafting of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, but has not become a state party, and the Chinese relationship with international criminal law is not strong. Given this, an examination of China’s own abilities and actions with regard to accountability for international crimes is warranted. China does not have any legislation proscribing violations of international humanitarian law, or war crimes, genocide, or crimes against humanity. This article will examine some of the options under current Chinese Criminal Law of 1997 that could be used to prosecute international crimes in lieu of express provisions. The second part of the article undertakes an international criminal law and human rights analysis of the Gang of Four trial, as the only trial of leaders linked to the mass crimes of the Cultural Revolution and thus the only real example of an attempt at accountability for mass crimes in modern China. These two parts of the article combine together to provide an analysis of China’s ability to enact and attempts at accountability for international crimes committed in China.
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Campbell, Kirsten. "Gender Justice Beyond the Tribunals: From Criminal Accountability to Transformative Justice." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300009077.

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What are the legacies for gender justice of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)? Darryl Robinson and Gillian MacNeil in this symposium describe the modernization of the law on sexual violence as a key legacy of the ad hoc international criminal tribunals. However, this characterization does not capture the wider challenges that gender based crimes have raised for the Tribunals, including other legacies of gendered hierarchiesand inequalities.How, then, is it possible to move past these issues to build international criminal justice so that it transforms, rather than reproduces, gendered injustices?
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Ramji-Nogales, Jaya. "Questioning Hierarchies of Harm: Women, Forced Migration, and International Criminal Law." International Criminal Law Review 11, no. 3 (2011): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181211x576366.

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AbstractThough international criminal law has made great strides in addressing harm perpetrated against women in wartime, its gendered structure diverts attention away from other significant harms that women endure as a result of armed conflict. In particular, international criminal law's hierarchy of harm elevates crimes committed as part of a plan or pattern across political groups over equally serious forms of harm perpetrated randomly, often within political groups. Thus the private and opportunistic harms enabled by situations of displacement and perpetrated against female forced migrants do not fall clearly within the framework of international criminal law. This vacuum of accountability extends beyond international criminal law, as female forced migrants cannot rely on their own governments, their host governments, and often even international humanitarian organisations to protect them against opportunistic violence. International criminal law could fill the void only after quite serious reconstruction, namely expansion of its scope and restructuring of its focus. It may be that a structure designed specifically to prevent and account for opportunistic violence against female forced migrants would be better equipped to perform that task. Criminal accountability might be better performed in national legal systems or informal justice systems created within camp environments. There are also solutions other than criminal accountability, such as human rights law, that might be more appropriate in addressing such harms. In the meantime, until a solution is found that places these 'private' crimes on equal footing with 'public' attacks currently prohibited by international criminal law, the serious and frequent harms suffered by forcibly displaced women will continue to be overlooked, relegated to the bottom of the hierarchy of harm.
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Singh, Shannon Raj. "Move fast and break societies: the weaponisation of social media and options for accountability under international criminal law." Cambridge International Law Journal 8, no. 2 (December 2019): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/cilj.2019.02.08.

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This article considers the application of international criminal law to the role of social media entities in fuelling atrocity crimes, and the legal theories that could be most valuable in fostering their accountability. While incitement of atrocity crimes is one way of framing social media's role in fomenting conflict, this paper argues that it may be more productive to conceptualise social media's role in atrocity crimes through the lens of complicity, drawing inspiration not from the media cases in international criminal law jurisprudence, but rather by evaluating the use of social media as a weapon, which, under certain circumstances, ought to face accountability under international criminal law.
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Burgis-Kasthala, Michelle. "Entrepreneurial Justice: Syria, the Commission for International Justice and Accountability and the Renewal of International Criminal Justice." European Journal of International Law 30, no. 4 (November 2019): 1165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chz065.

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Abstract This article argues that the crisis of governance generated by the Syrian civil war presents both a challenge and an opportunity to practitioners of international criminal justice. The article also argues that, irrespective of the Syrian case, international criminal law (ICL) institutions are in need of innovation and that increasingly ICL discourses display a blurring between public and private idioms. Evaluating the contribution of the Commission of International Justice and Accountability (CIJA) is one way then of assessing how ICL might evolve. This article characterizes CIJA’s work as exemplifying ‘entrepreneurial justice’, not only in Syria but also in a range of other (post-)conflict settings. We can define entrepreneurial justice as the identification of a gap or weakness in existing public accountability fora and the creation of a new private or privatized organization and/or approach that seeks to address (at least part of) this gap. Although questions remain about CIJA’s own accountability, along with its potential contribution to realizing accountability, this article suggests that its presence within the ICL field is a necessary one and that it has already started to have effects within Syria and beyond.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International Criminal Accountability"

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Kihara-Hunt, Ai. "Individual criminal accountability of UN police personnel." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16022/.

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UN police are involved in establishing the rule of law, in UN Peace Operations. However, they themselves commit serious crimes, but are not generally prosecuted. This is likely to have an impact on the UN’s effectiveness and legitimacy. Are the UN’s mechanisms for addressing criminal accountability effective? If there is a problem, how can it be mitigated? To answer these questions, the qualifications, qualities and functions of UN police were identified. Next, an attempt was made to quantify the problem of their criminal behaviour. Current accountability mechanisms were assessed. Jurisdictional and immunity issues were examined as potential barriers to prosecution. Finally, the obligations of States and the UN to investigate and prosecute criminal acts committed by UN police were examined. Research confirmed that UN police officers commit serious crimes, but probably mostly while not on duty. Whether officers commit crimes appears to be linked more to their personal integrity than their functions. In the main, they are not being called to account. In addition, the UN is not effective in generating information fit for use in criminal proceedings. However, the laws on jurisdiction and immunity do not constitute legal barriers to accountability, although immunity poses some problems in practice. The principal problem appears to be the lack of political will to bring prosecutions. The finding that States, and arguably the UN, have an obligation to investigate and prosecute crimes may encourage prosecution. The lack of criminal accountability of the UN police appears to be linked to the mismatch between the ambitious Peace Operation mandates and the number of qualified personnel these attract. The UN also lacks transparency, which makes it difficult accurately to determine the scale of the problem. It is recommended that these issues be discussed frankly in the UN’s political organs.
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Bielen, Carter. "International Obligations and the International Criminal Court: An Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3021.

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Thesis advisor: David Rasmussen
This thesis begins by analyzing three different philosophies on human rights. It looks to the foundations of these theories, but focuses primarily on the obligations that each system creates. It evaluates cosmopolitanism and two different institutionalist arguments, eventually settling on a tiered system of international responsibility as the strongest and most practical conception of rights. The second chapter of the thesis discusses the role of the International Criminal Court as a part of this tiered system, and as a means to promote human rights across the globe. This section evaluates the court by considering its historical foundations, its goals and responsibilities, and its actions over the past ten years. It concludes by providing recommendations for the future of the court
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Dale, Adi Dekebo. "Accountability for ISIS atrocities : is the International Criminal Court a viable prosecutorial option?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5512.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant is a jihadist militant group. The members of this militant group have committed criminal acts of unspeakable cruelty. These staggering criminal conducts are documented by the United Nations, international human rights organisations, and media. Besides, the group itself gives first-hand information through social media and its magazine. Having witnessed the atrocities committed by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the United Nations Security Council affirmed that the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’s conduct in Syria and Iraq is a threat to international peace and security. Therefore, the media and various role players have called for the intervention of International Criminal Court. This research paper analyses whether the International Criminal Court is a viable prosecutorial option to account the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members for their crimes. For the Court to be a viable prosecutorial avenue, it must have a jurisdiction. Accordingly, this research paper critically examines whether the International Criminal Court has subject matter, personal and/or territorial jurisdictions to try the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant perpetrators. The study concludes that although the criminal conducts by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members constitute crimes under the Rome Statute, the Court, however, has limited jurisdictional reach over the perpetrators. It is submitted that with a limited and fragmented territorial and personal jurisdictional reach over the perpetrators, the Court is not a viable prosecutorial avenue.
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
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Nortje, Windell. "The criminal accountability of child soldiers in the light of armed conflict." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4135_1365584342.

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Sedman, Dawn. "Challenging impunity? : the uneven exercise of criminal jurisdiction over individuals in international accountability mechanisms : a critical evaluation." Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534315.

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Pues, Anni Henriette. "A critical legal analysis of prosecutorial discretion at the International Criminal Court : towards more transparency, accountability, and legitimacy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8431/.

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The Prosecutor is the gatekeeper at the ICC. Her discretionary decisions determine in which situations the Court will commence an investigation and who will be brought before the Court. The Prosecutor’s focus on Africa has led to severe criticism of alleged anti-African bias and an erosion of the Court's legitimacy. Against this background, this thesis examines the exercise of prosecutorial discretion at the ICC. It identifies the scope for procedural discretionary decisions at the key junctures of the proceedings, covering areas such as how to conduct a preliminary examination, when to commence an investigation, who to prosecute and which charges to bring. The analysis is based on the theoretical understanding that the legality of decisions is crucial, which is why the thesis analyses the legal limitations of the exercise of discretion to clearly determine its boundaries. However, legality alone is not sufficient to serve the aim of safeguarding and enhancing the legitimacy of the Court. It is argued that the Prosecutor is not entirely free, but bound by the main principles and aims represented in the Rome Statute. She must ensure that her decisions demonstrate impartiality, maximize the deterrence effect of the ICC, and respond to victims' interests. To achieve a positive effect on the legitimacy of the Court, it is also required that the Prosecutor deliberates on individual decisions and makes these decisions more transparent. This will provide routes to pragmatic mechanisms of accountability, beyond the limited possibilities in the Rome Statute to hold the Prosecutor formally to account. In this regard, the thesis also analyses the role of the gravity notion, a concept that gained increased prominence in the evolving practice of the Prosecutor, and of the interests of justice, a notion that has not once been used yet. Both are indeterminate concepts that equip the Prosecutor with the necessary flexibility to respond to a variety of very different scenarios that might occur within the jurisdiction of the Court. The thesis demonstrates that the acts of applying these concepts contain a type of interpretative discretion. For the gravity notion, however, the scope is very limited, does not allow any managerial considerations, and must strictly be geared towards consistency. While the interests of justice currently appear redundant, this thesis demonstrates how this concept can gain new importance for the completion of situations, one of the challenges ahead for the Court. Overall, this thesis aims to identify avenues by which the Prosecutor can contribute to turning the Court into a more responsive institution, striking a balance between the preservation of its independence and open interaction with its stakeholders.
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Gassama, Diakhoumba. "Accountability and prosecution in the Liberian transitional society: lessons from Rwanda and Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_3458_1180416748.

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In the aftermath of World War Two, the International Community has shown a renewed commitment towards the protection of human rights. However, whether during wars or under dictatorial regimes, numerous human rights abuses occurred everywhere in the world, from Latin America to Eastern Europe and from Southern Europe to Africa. Countries which experienced oppressive governance or outrageous atrocities has to address the legacies of their past on the return of democratic rule or peace. In other words, they had to emerge from the darkness of dictatorship or civil war in order to establish a democracy. Today, after 14 years of civil war, Liberia is faced with the challenge of achieving a successful transition where the imperatives of truth, justice and reconciliation need to be met. The purpose of this research paper was to make some recommendations on the way the accountability process in Liberia should be shaped as far as prosecution is concerned.

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Foster-Thorpe, Frances C. "Accountability interactions : mutliple accountabilities in the Murray-Darling basin plan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aac0e39b-f397-4292-baf9-e99c93c98c7d.

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This thesis investigates whether different public accountability forums interact with one another when they oversee the same decision maker. It contributes to the larger study of how decision makers are held to account in constitutional democracies where the simultaneous operation of multiple accountability relationships has become routine. Looking beyond the dominant assumption that multiple forums autonomously assess a decision maker's accountability against different and diverging standards, I aim to understand whether forums can influence the standards against which other forums evaluate the same decision maker. I draw on political and normative understandings of public accountability to answer one central question: do different public accountability forums interact with one another in a way that influences the scope of what a decision maker is obliged to account for and the normative standards against which that account is evaluated? Answering this research question involves examining the mechanisms by which interactions might occur and the motivations of actors to interact. I begin by critically reviewing the literature on multiple accountabilities, arguing that existing approaches can only partially explain how public accountability is constructed in multiple accountability regimes. I argue the focus on typologies of accountability emphasise the attributes of individual forums and overlook the broader dynamics of the accountability regime. I then develop an analytical framework to examine how the interactions between different forums, and other actors, might reshape the accountability dialogue. This framework is used to analyse the case of the Murray-Darling Basin Plan in Australia (2008-2012). By presenting a contextSrich analysis of interactions between forums, and other actors, I find that multiple forums act in concert with one another and other actors to contest and then reshape the standards against which the two decision makers are evaluated. The thesis concludes by discussing the implications of recognising accountability interactions for understanding multiple accountability regimes.
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Heliso, Tamene Ena. "South-African german centre transnational criminal justice and crime prevention: An international and African perspective." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6381.

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Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure)
Corruption is a global problem, which poses a serious threat to the development of countries and their people. Although its impact varies, all nations are facing the evils of corruption and, therefore, the international community calls upon states to take preventive and deterrent measures against corruption. For example, the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AU Convention) obligate their member states to have both legal and institutional frameworks for effectively fighting corruption.
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Nichols, Lionel. "The International Criminal Court and the end of impunity in Kenya." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:34eab158-f675-492a-b844-f9a74e1a6ce6.

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This thesis considers the extent to which the International Criminal Court's Office of the Prosecutor ('OTP') has been successful in realising its self-defined mandate of ending impunity in Kenya. In particular, it focuses on the OTP's attempts to encourage domestic investigations and prosecutions as part of its strategy of positive complementarity. This strategy has been hailed as being the best and perhaps the only way that the OTP may use its finite resources to make a significant contribution to ending impunity. Despite this, no empirical study has been published that evaluates the effectiveness of this strategy and the impact that it has on ending impunity in the targeted situation country. This thesis seeks to address this gap in the literature by conducting a case study on the OTP's implementation of its strategy of positive complementarity in Kenya following that country's post-election violence in 2007/08. In doing so, I also hope to make a modest contribution to existing debates over the effectiveness of the ICC as an institution as well as international criminal justice and transitional justice more generally.
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Books on the topic "International Criminal Accountability"

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E, Stromseth Jane, ed. Accountability for atrocities: National and international responses. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, 2003.

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E, Stromseth Jane, ed. Accountability for atrocities: National and international responses. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, 2003.

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Arts, Karin, and Vesselin Popovski, eds. International Criminal Accountability and the Rights of Children. The Hague: Hague Academic Press, an imprint of T.M.C. Asser Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-425-7.

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Edel, Hughes, Schabas William 1950-, and Thakur Ramesh Chandra 1948-, eds. Atrocities and international accountability: Beyond transitional justice. New York: United Nations University Press, 2007.

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Accountability for collective wrongdoing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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S, Ellis Mark, Goldstone Richard, and International Debate Education Association, eds. The International Criminal Court: Challenges to achieving justice and accountability in the 21st century. New York: International Debate Education Association, 2008.

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S, Abrams Jason, and Bischoff James L, eds. Accountability for human rights atrocities in international law: Beyond the Nuremberg legacy. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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S, Abrams Jason, ed. Accountability for human rights atrocities in international law: Beyond the Nuremberg legacy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.

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Ratner, Steven R. Accountability for human rights atrocities in international law: Beyond the Nuremberg legacy. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

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S, Abrams Jason, ed. Accountability for human rights atrocities in international law: Beyond the Nuremberg legacy. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "International Criminal Accountability"

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Findlay, Mark, and Ralph Henham. "Accountability Frameworks." In Beyond Punishment: Achieving International Criminal Justice, 188–221. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250567_7.

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Tessema, Marshet Tadesse. "Criminal Accountability for Derg Crimes: Prosecution of Politicide." In International Criminal Justice Series, 171–239. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-255-2_5.

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Schabas, William A. "Truth Commissions, Accountability and the International Criminal Court." In Criminal Jurisdiction 100 Years after the 1907 Hague Peace Conference, 112–37. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-601-5_5.

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Ramji-Nogales, Jaya, and Danielle DerOhannesian. "Female Forced Migrants: Accountability Gaps in International Criminal Law." In International Human Rights of Women, 441–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8905-3_30.

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Ramji-Nogales, Jaya, and Danielle DerOhannesian. "Female Forced Migrants: Accountability Gaps in International Criminal Law." In International Human Rights of Women, 1–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4550-9_30-1.

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Nunn, Natalie J. E. "Creating legal frameworks to afford human accountability for AI decisions in war." In Futures of International Criminal Justice, 198–218. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003087533-12.

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Asaala, Evelyne Owiye. "Expanding the Scope of Complementarity? Towards Institutionalised Complementarity Between the International Criminal Court and National Criminal Justice Systems in Africa." In National Accountability for International Crimes in Africa, 173–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88044-6_6.

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Gevers, Christopher, and Linda Mushoriwa. "‘An Effective Complement to National Criminal Justice Systems, Operating Within the Highest Standards of International Justice’? African States, the International Criminal Court & Complementarity." In National Accountability for International Crimes in Africa, 31–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88044-6_2.

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Malunga, Siphosami. "Unpacking Gukurahundi Atrocities Against the Ndebeles of Zimbabwe: What Are the Possibilities for Individual Criminal Responsibility of the Perpetrators Under International Criminal Law?" In National Accountability for International Crimes in Africa, 583–637. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88044-6_16.

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Brennan, Anna Marie. "The accountability of transnational terrorist groups as a collectivity." In Transnational Terrorist Groups and International Criminal Law, 159–85. New York: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge research in international law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315264981-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "International Criminal Accountability"

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Harun, M., Nyoman Putra Jaya, and RB Sularto. "Criminal Accountability of Political Parties in Achieving Fair Election in Indonesia." In The First International Conference On Islamic Development Studies 2019, ICIDS 2019, 10 September 2019, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-9-2019.2289459.

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Syahputra, Surya Darma, Ronald Hasundungan Sianturi, and Mazmur Septian Rumapea. "Criminal Accountability for Renting or Transferring Ownership of the General House to Other Parties in Indonesia." In International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010312904170425.

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Verdi, Titik Prasetyowati, Jamal Wiwoho, and I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani. "Valuation of the Loss of State Owned Enterprise as the State Losses Based on the Object of Economic Criminal Accountability Perspective." In International Conference on Environmental and Energy Policy (ICEEP 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211014.056.

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Reports on the topic "International Criminal Accountability"

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Bo, Marta, Laura Bruun, and Vincent Boulanin. Retaining Human Responsibility in the Development and Use of Autonomous Weapon Systems: On Accountability for Violations of International Humanitarian Law Involving AWS. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ahbc1664.

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It is undisputed that humans must retain responsibility for the development and use of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) because machines cannot be held accountable for violations of international humanitarian law (IHL). However, the critical question of how, in practice, humans would be held responsible for IHL violations involving AWS has not featured strongly in the policy debate on AWS. This report aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of that very question. This report explores how the two central frameworks structuring the ascription of responsibility for IHL violations—namely the rules governing state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility—apply to the development and use of AWS. The report aims to help policymakers (a) deepen their understanding of the conditions necessary to hold states and individuals accountable for IHL violations; (b) identify issues that would make IHL violations involving AWS development and use potentially difficult to discern, scrutinize and attribute; and (c) formulate policy measures that could help uphold respect for IHL and reduce challenges to holding actors legally responsible.
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