Academic literature on the topic 'International business investment'

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Journal articles on the topic "International business investment"

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Lupton, Nathaniel C., Guoliang Frank Jiang, Luis F. Escobar, and Alfredo Jiménez. "National Income Inequality and International Business Expansion." Business & Society 59, no. 8 (December 7, 2018): 1630–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650318816493.

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We examine the extent to which host country income inequality influences multinational enterprises’ (MNE) expansion strategy for foreign production investment, depending on their specific strategic objectives. Applying a transaction cost framework, we predict that national income inequality has an inverted U-shaped relationship with foreign production investment. As inequality increases, MNEs accrue lower transaction costs arising from interactions with various local actors, leading to higher probability of investment. As income inequality increases further, its effect on location attractiveness will become negative, as its attraction effect is increasingly offset by additional monitoring, bargaining, and security costs owing to the more fractious nature of high inequality societies. In addition, we suggest that the impact of income inequality is contingent on investment objectives: The inverted U-shaped relationship is stronger for efficiency-seeking investment but weaker for market-seeking and competence-enhancing investments. We find substantial support for our hypotheses through an analysis of 27 years (1986-2012) of data on Japanese MNEs’ overseas production entries.
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DiMascio, Nicholas, and Joost Pauwelyn. "Nondiscrimination in Trade and Investment Treaties: Worlds Apart or Two Sides of the Same Coin?" American Journal of International Law 102, no. 1 (January 2008): 48–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000293000003983x.

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For global business, international trade and investment are bound at the hip. When businesses trade internationally, goods or services cross borders; when they invest, it is capital and other factors of production that do so. Companies trade to supply their foreign investments; they invest to facilitate and diversify their trade. In contrast, international law addresses trade and investment separately and regulates them in ways that are dramatically different. First, trade has been governed multilaterally since 1947 through what today is the World Trade Organization (WTO), whereas close to 2,600 separate bilateral investment treaties (BITs), which mushroomed only in the 1980s and 1990s, now regulate foreign direct investment (FDI). Second, hundreds of increasingly sophisticated WTO rules discipline trade, whereas a mere handful of principles cover investment—many of which derive from customary international law. Third, trade agreements are enforced exclusively between states, with reciprocal trade sanctions as the remedy of last resort; under investment treaties, private companies have standing to claim monetary damages from host country governments.
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Oviedo, P. Marcelo, and Rajesh Singh. "Investment composition and international business cycles." Journal of International Economics 89, no. 1 (January 2013): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.04.006.

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Toryanyk, V., V. Dzhyndzhoian, and O. Priz. "INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 22 (November 29, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2019.22.5.

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Cherepovskyi, K. V. "Interstate investment legal treatment as a factor of investment attractiveness." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE, no. 13 (October 1, 2022): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2022-13-69.

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The theses are devoted to one of the key components of international investment agreements – investment legal treatment, since an even fluent analysis of international investment arbitrations with participation of states and subjects of economic activity with investments from abroad delivers understanding that standards and guarantees of investment legal treatments have fundamental character at least for the mentioned legal practices. Kind of argument for this could be found in a position of agreed provisions of investment treatments at bilateral investment treaties, which usually follows introduction norms for investment permitting and admitting, being set from the very beginning of such treaties. But, is this fundamental character of investment legal treatments being remained in other important rules of international investment implementation? Scientific questions about corresponding dualism are likely the key at these theses, because the concept of investment legal treatment is quite deeply studied in the framework of international law and general law theories, but leaves a number of insufficiently disclosed scientific and practical issues regarding the specifics of this concept in certain branches, including international investment law in the first place. The analysis defines main practical problems of international investment law, including the legal protection of international investment and the delimitation of actions of states that constitute expropriation or the measures taken by states under the right to regulate within public interest. Separate researching attention also paid to legal interaction between the concepts of the investment legal treatment as legal instrument of an international lawyer, and the state guarantees for the protection of foreign investment – as remedy and element of specialist in domestic law practices. Provided research significates investment legal treatment importance as a factor of local investment attractiveness, it also outlines importance of development of state guarantees for protection of foreign investments by delivering progressive European approaches as the examples, focusing on effective balance reaching within the corresponding regulation. Scientific and practical conclusions on the most important legal sources in the field of international investment activities are made, the direction for the next stage of researching work is preoutlined. Key words: international investment law, international investments, investment legal treatment, bilateral investment treaties, international investment arbitration, state guarantees for the protection of foreign investments.
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Navissi, Farshid, VG Sridharan, Mehdi Khedmati, Edwin KiaYang Lim, and Egor Evdokimov. "Business Strategy, Over- (Under-) Investment, and Managerial Compensation." Journal of Management Accounting Research 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-51537.

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ABSTRACT This study examines whether and how business strategy influences a firm's over- and under-investment decisions. Prospector and defender strategies expose firms to different required levels of investment, monitoring, and managerial discretion, which have implications for managerial investment decisions. Our results provide evidence that firms with an innovation-orientated prospector strategy are more likely to over-invest, whereas firms following an efficiency-orientated defender strategy are more likely to under-invest. These over- and under-investments are associated with poorer future firm performance. Moreover, the level of over- (under-) investment is exacerbated in the presence of more stock- (cash-) based compensation in prospector (defender) firms. Our results are robust to a number of checks such as ordered logit analysis, individual components of business strategy, individual components of investment, year-by-year and industry-by-industry analysis, controlling for lagged investment residuals, controlling for firm fixed-effects, first-differenced specifications, and propensity score matching.
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Churuta, Ivan. "Ukraine’s position in international investment ratings." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(88) (June 6, 2016): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.02.036.

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The article reasons that foreign direct investments play a crucial role in the economy of every world country, since they ensure the effective functioning of economy and economic growth. It is found that the volume of foreign direct investments into the economy of a certain country depends on the investment climate, whose main indicator is the position of countries in international investment ratings that allows us to evaluate the investment climate, possible investment risks and the degree of investment safety. The subject of the study is the investment climate in Ukraine and its position in the main international investment ratings. The research methods used in the study include theoretical generalization, comparison, abstraction, analysis and synthesis. The paper presents a list of the main international investment ratings that should be taken into account by potential investors while analyzing the investment climate and investment image of the country and considering the practicality of investing into the economy. The current position and dynamics of Ukraine’s rankings in these ratings are analyzed: according to Global Competitiveness index – 81st position among 137 countries; according to index of Economic Freedom – 150th position among 180 countries; according to Ease of Doing Business index – 76th position among 190 countries; according to Investment Attractiveness index – 134th out of 174 countries. Based on the analysis of Ukraine’s position in the main international investment ratings, it is concluded that the investment climate in Ukraine is not favorable; therefore, Ukraine needs to take measures to improve its investment climate and its positions in these ratings in order to attract foreign investment to the required extent.
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Wang, Boge. "Research on Business Opportunities of International Investment Banks in China." E3S Web of Conferences 235 (2021): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123501050.

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As China’s capital market deepens reforms, international investment banks are also seeking further opportunities for business development in China. This article first introduces the corresponding overview of China’s investment banking business and international investment banks, and analyzes the development of China’s investment banking market from the four markets of IPO, equity refinancing, M&A and restructuring and debt financing, and then from business contract, undertaking and sales, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of international investment banks. It is concluded that under the background of the continuous expansion of the China’s investment banking business market, there are certain opportunities and development prospects for the development of international investment banks in China, but their operations need to be further improved. Based on this, relevant suggestions are proposed for international investment banks to operate in China.
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KHAIETSKA, Olha. "WAYS TO INCREASE THE INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF UKRAINE." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 3 (53) (October 4, 2020): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2020-3-9.

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The article describes the essence of investment, which is a key factor in economic development, highlights the current state of investment attractiveness of Ukraine. Attracting long-term international investments, their promotion is one of the priorities of economic policy. In the economy of Ukraine, there is a problem of lack of investment resources and lack of favorable conditions for their accumulation, imperfect assessment of the internal potential of national savings, the capacity of financial institutions for investment transformation of resources, features of investment regulation in changing economic relations. The general principles of investment policy and the main components of investment attractiveness are proposed, thanks to which a stable inflow of investments into the country is ensured. The course of modern political processes, goals and priorities for improving the investment climate in Ukraine, which negatively affect the international investment attractiveness, has been established. The dynamics of foreign direct investment in Ukraine, their structure by type of economic activity and the distribution of direct investment by investor countries are presented and analyzed. It was revealed that in 2019 the Ukrainian economy received investments from Cyprus, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, and promising industries for international investment are agriculture, industry, energy, wholesale and retail trade, information technology and infrastructure, financial corporations. and insurance activities. A number of indices are proposed that determine the investment attractiveness of countries, investment confidence. The rating of investment attractiveness of Doing business-2020 is substantiated, where Ukraine has improved its positions compared to last year.
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Nezhyva, Mariia, Olha Zaremba, and Viktoriia Mysiuk. "International trade risk management under the impact of globalization." SHS Web of Conferences 111 (2021): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111101016.

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Doing business in condition of international trade, a stable and competitive business environment is vital to operate efficiently and attract inward investment. Businesses can assess these factors alongside challenges such as corruption, political instability and terrorism to understand the strengths and weaknesses of an operating environment and for strategic investment decisions. In terms of open economy and globalization trends, business faced a lot of different challenges with their specific risks, hence an effective risk assessment approach and management is extremely vital for economic security of business and especially for all country doing business with other countries trying to succeed. The article presents risk management plan content that helps to structure business risk management process and provide with the measures how to deal with risks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International business investment"

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Usenko, A. V. "Alternative investment as a Tool of Risk Diversification in international Business: SWAG investments." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75551.

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У роботі досліджено функціонування сучасного ринку альтернативних інвестицій, зокрема інвестицій SWAG. Проведений аналіз основних показників альтернативних активів SWAG. Основною метою цього дослідження є розробка рекомендацій щодо вдосконалення інвестиційного портфеля інвестора у частині нетрадиційних реальних активів, зокрема активів SWAG.
The master’s thesis focuses on the functioning of the modern alternative investment market, in particular SWAG investments. The analysis of the main indicators of alternative SWAG assets was conducted. The main aim of this research is to develop practical recommendations for improving the investor’s investment portfolio in terms of unconventional real assets, in particular SWAG assets.
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Poole, Jennifer Pamela. "Mobility and information flows in international trade and investment." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3277677.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 10, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-109).
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Müllner, Jakob. "International project finance: review and implications for international finance and international business." Springer, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11301-017-0125-3.

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This literature review analyzes the global phenomenon of international project finance (PF) as both a management and finance instrument, allowing practitioners to realize large scale infrastructure projects in high risk contexts. After describing the characteristics of PF, its historical origins and its unique benefits for empirical inquiry, I summarize the findings of academic research from an interdisciplinary perspective. Based on this integration of Finance, Management and International Business research, I discuss the theoretical implications for each field that emanate from PF. Finally, I identify possibilities for future research and propose a more balanced, interdisciplinary academic treatment of PF.
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Stafford, D. (Daniel). "Cross-border venture capital investment decision making." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201605251912.

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Мішина, О. В. "TNC investment strategy: development and implementation." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76277.

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Theoretical bases of TNEs investment strategies and stages and timeline of the strategy implementation are represented. Analysis of the background and key factors defining international expansion strategy are provided, overview of strategic forms of entering foreign markets with evaluation of advantages and disadvantages are given . Dynamic analysis of investment climate and market development in Ukraine are provided, key success factors of a foreign market entry in the framework of long-term TNE strategy based on the business case outcome are provided.
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Drummond, Aldemir. "Enabling conditions for organizational learning : a study in international business ventures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299400.

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Nyamunda, James. "Mandatory Business-To-Government Data Sharing: Exploring data protection through International Investment Law." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443655.

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As more data is gathered, analysed and stored, private companies create new products and unlock new commercial frontiers. Simultaneously, governments are beginning to realise that the laws in place require a revamp for the good of commercial innovation and for execution of governmental prerogatives. Hence, in a bid to catch up with the data economy, governments have begun looking for new legal measures that allow them to legally access the data that is held by private companies. Amongst the existing solutions and sprouting suggestions, mandatory business-to-government data sharing often features as a measure through which obligations may be imposed upon private data holding companies to share their data with governments. Other governments have already put in place laws and adopted practices that impose mandatory business-to-government data sharing obligations on private companies.  Many of the countries where private enterprises carry out their businesses have entered into International Investment Agreements (IIAs) which invariably entitle investors to Fair and Equitable treatment and prohibit unlawful compensation. Against this background, this thesis discusses the subject of mandatory business-to-government data sharing by dwelling on three main issues, that is, (i) whether data is/are protected as investment, (2) whether mandatory business-to-government data sharing obligations may infringe the Fair and Equitable Treatment standard and (3) whether mandatory business-to-government data sharing obligations may amount to unlawful expropriation.
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Vukicevic, Jelena. "Foreign direct investment from China : implications for British business partners." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2014. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8888/.

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Li, Bochen. "Three Essays on the Effect of External Business Environment on Corporate Investment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1510917711796412.

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Casanova-Jimenez, Richard P. "Trade and investment disputes : whose business is it anyway ?" Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78207.

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This thesis is a discussion on whether every sector of human activity really is or needs to be 'global'. It discusses the impact that economic globalization has on the role of the nation-state and on the concept of democracy, at both local and international levels. Particular emphasis is put on some of the democratic challenges associated with dispute settlement at the WTO and also under foreign investment international instruments. It is argued that increased participation by non-state actors, particularly NGOs, in state-to-state and in investor-state arbitration threatens to weaken the arbitration process and does little to remedy alleged democratic deficiencies. The author concludes that many democratic concerns regarding these types of dispute settlement processes may be better addressed by strengthening national democracies. Increased public information, consultation, and participation in the shaping of foreign policy could reduce much of the criticism concerning both, international dispute settlement and decision-making.
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Books on the topic "International business investment"

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1949-, Buckley Peter J., ed. International investment. Aldershot, Hants, England: E. Elgar, 1990.

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Barton, John H. International trade and investment: Regulating international business. Boston: Little, Brown, 1986.

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Root, Franklin R. International trade and investment. 6th ed. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Pub. Co., 1990.

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Root, Franklin R. International trade and investment. 7th ed. Cincinnati, OH: College Division, South-Western Pub. Co, 1994.

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International trade and investment. 7th ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: College Division, South-Western Pub. Co., 1993.

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Root, Franklin R. International trade and investment. 6th ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western Publishing Co., 1990.

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Guertin, Donald L. Building an international investment accord. Washington, D.C: Atlantic Council of the United States, 1989.

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Guertin, Donald L. Building an international investment accord. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council of the United States, 1989.

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Nations, United. World investment report. New York: United Nations, 1999.

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Guertin, Donald L. Building an international investment accord. Washington, D.C: Atlantic Council of the United States, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "International business investment"

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Shenkar, Oded, Yadong Luo, and Tailan Chi. "Foreign Direct Investment Theory and Application." In International Business, 84–129. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003034315-4.

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Buckley, Peter J. "International Business versus International Management?" In Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Enterprises, 60–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230378513_5.

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Sezer, Haluk. "Foreign direct investment (FDI)." In International Business Economics, 186–222. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-62776-5_8.

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Wang, Peijie. "Foreign Direct Investment and International Portfolio Investment." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 439–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59271-7_19.

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Balasubramanyam, V. N. "Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries." In Regulating International Business, 29–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27738-4_2.

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Rothlin, Stephan, and Dennis McCann. "Investors: Investment, Ethics, and Corporate Responsibility." In International Business Ethics, 249–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47434-1_12.

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Mudambi, Ram. "On the Duration Dependence of MNE Investment." In International Business Organization, 83–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377851_7.

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Fahy, John, Graham Hooley, Tony Cox, and Boris Snoj. "Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Transition and the Impact on Marketing Practice in Slovenia." In International Business, 221–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596740_11.

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Clegg, Jeremy, and Susan Scott-Green. "The Determinants of New Foreign Direct Investment Capital Flows into Europe: The US and Japan Compared." In International Business, 159–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596740_8.

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Takagaki, Yukio. "Japanese Ownership Strategies in Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines: Japanese and US Foreign Direct Investment Preferences Compared." In International Business, 275–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596740_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "International business investment"

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Liu, Ting. "Economic Cycles and Business Investment." In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220307.007.

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Walsh, A. "Investment appraisal in a networks business." In 18th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2005). IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20051314.

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Zou, Caifen, Qian Yu, and Rong Ge. "Economic Fluctuation and Business Investment Behavior." In 2017 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceesd-17.2017.159.

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Arribas, Iván, Jairo González-Bueno, Francisco Guijarro, and Javier Oliver. "Impact of foreign exchange risk on investment portfolio performance in Latin American stock indexes." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.15.

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This article aims to analyze whether investing in international assets, and fluctuations in their own currencies, allow the possibility of structuring diversified investment portfolios that would not only maximize the expected return, but also minimize risk. For this,it is evaluated the impact of currency risk on the profitability of investment portfolios in the stock indexes in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru from the point of view 6 investors (one American and five located in each of these countries) during the period 2002–2014.
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Luta (Manolescu), Daniela Alice, Adrian Ioana, Daniela Tufeanu, Daniela Ionela Juganaru, and Bianca Cezarina Ene. "FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS SPECIFIC TO INVESTMENTS APPLICABLE IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.337.

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Our starting point is the definition and classification of investments, both financial and accounting. Thus, in a financial sense, an investment represents the change of an existing and available amount of money, with the hope of obtaining a higher but probable income in the future. In the accounting sense, an investment is the allocation of an amount available for the purchase of an asset, which will determine the future financial flows of income and expenses. Investments can be classified into two categories: domestic investments - consist of the allocation of capital for the purchase of machines, equipment, constructions, licenses, patents, etc. Their purpose can be to reduce costs, increase production, improve quality, increase market share, etc.; foreign investments - consist of capital investments in shares in other companies. They are also called financial investments and aim to increase the value of the company and diversify sources of income. We also analyze in this article the investment decision. The investment decision is the most important financial decision which a manager has to make. An investment usually involves allocating large sums of money in the long run, with a relatively high degree of risk. We also present and analyze both the stages of establishing an investment decision and the methods of evaluating an investment project. The article also presents management elements regarding the investment recovery term; discounted net value method, investment risk assessment.
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Bakhtiarian, Mohammad Farhad. "Investment Guide in Qatar." In 4th International Conference on Business, Management and Economics. Acavent, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/4th.icbmeconf.2020.12.47.

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Janowitz, Martin. "Sustainable Infrastructure--From Business Case to Investment." In International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784478745.074.

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Snieska, Vytautas, Ligita Vasiliauskiene, and Deimante Venclauskiene. "The Impact of Direct Foreign Investment on International Trade in Lithuania." In The 7th International Scientific Conference "Business and Management 2012". Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2012.067.

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Febrianto, Surizki, and Raja Febriana Andarina Zaharnika. "Investment Climate in the Indonesian Mining Business." In The Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education, and Humanity. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009149003520358.

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Maknickienė, Nijolė, Raimonda Martinkutė-Kaulienė, and Lina Rapkevičiūtė. "FAMILIARITY BIAS INVESTIGATIO IN PORTFOLIO CREATION." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.775.

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The prevailing opinion exists that investors include to their portfolio what they know or what is located around them. Investment decision, which is impacted by familiarity bias, avoid including international companies to portfolio which might lead to lower performance compared to portfolio which has both, local and international, stocks in a portfolio. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of familiarity bias on investment decision, to form port-folios from the stocks listed on the Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange and compare their performance to global portfolios, which are formed from the stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Investment portfolios were built using mean variance (MV) and Black–Litterman (BL) models. The analysis revealed that the returns of the portfolios built on the Nasdaq Baltic exchange are higher than the returns of the global portfolios. Additionally, the volatility of returns is lower for Nasdaq Baltic portfolios. When selected markets have different growth rates, investment decisions based on familiarity bias can achieve better results.
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Reports on the topic "International business investment"

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Pakko, Michael R. Trade, Investment, and International Borrowing in Two-Country Business Cycle Models. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.1997.023.

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2

Lee, Hyun-Hoon, Cyn-Young Park, and Ju Hyun Pyun. International Business Cycle Synchronization: A Synthetic Assessment. Asian Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220355-2.

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This paper presents findings from a study that synthetically assessed the three major transmission channels of international business cycles: trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and portfolio flows between economies with multiple fixed effects. Results showed that real and financial integration generates heterogeneous impacts on business cycle comovement. Trade integration and greenfield FDI lead business cycle comovements, likely due to deepening intra-industry trade and dense global value chains. Higher debt market integration is associated with more synchronized business cycle comovement, while equity integration leads to business cycle divergence.
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3

Saha, Amrita, Jodie Thorpe, Keir Macdonald, and Kelbesa Megersa. Linking Business Environment Reform with Gender and Inclusion: A Study of Business Licensing Reform in Indonesia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.001.

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Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations. It is intended to remove constraints to business investment, enabling growth and job creation, and create opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I). While a review of existing literature suggests that in general, there is no direct link between BER and G&I, indirect links are likely through the influence of BER on firm performance. Outcomes will be influenced by the differential ways in which women-led firms experience the business environment when compared to their male counterparts, with disparities based on how they are treated under the law, as well as structural and sociocultural factors. The fact that in many countries, female-led firms are fewer and smaller than those of their male counterparts, and may operate in different sectors, also affects these dynamics. This research offers new insights through an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) or one-stop shop business licensing reform in 2009 on firm performance in Indonesia, and how these impacts vary based on the gender of firm leadership. The results find that on average, firms benefited from improved business performance (sales), as a direct or indirect effect of this reform, as well as an increase in the number of medium and large-scale firms. Outside Jakarta (Bali, Banten, Lampung), women-led firms experienced a small but significant benefit relative to male-led firms, related to both sales and the number of medium and large-scale firms they run. In Jakarta, women-led firms continued to lag behind men and there were no significant effects on employment, and this held across province and gender. These findings are based on an analysis of the PTSP reform using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), a survey of small, medium and large firms (i.e. with more than four employees) which took place in Indonesia between 2009 and 2015.
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Macdonald, Keir. The Impact of Business Environment Reforms on Poverty, Gender and Inclusion. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.006.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how business environment reforms in middle-income countries impacts on poverty, gender and inclusion. Although, there is limited evidence on the direct impact of business environment reforms on poverty, gender, and inclusion, this review illustrates that there is evidence of indirect effects of such reforms. Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations and institutions, in order to remove constraints to business investment and expansion, enabling growth and job creation, as well as new opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I) outcomes, in terms of the potential to remove institutional barriers which exclude formerly marginalised groups from business opportunities, in ways that promote equal access to resources, opportunities, benefits, and services. The literature shows how the business environment affects women in business, and how women’s experiences of a given business environment can be different from those of men. This is the result of disparities in how they are treated under the law, but also based on structural and sociocultural factors which influence how men and women behave in a given business environment and the barriers they face.
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5

Hamdani, Khalil, Sebastian Reil, Axel Berger, Lucas Barreiros, Rodrigo Contreras Huerta, Yardenne Kagan, Karl P. Sauvant, Pablo Steneri, and Quan Zhao. What foreign investors want: Findings from an investor survey of investment facilitation measures in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003990.

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This report presents the results of a surveyed that queried members of the Americas Business Dialogue active as foreign investors in Latin America and the Caribbean on the importance they attach to a key set of investment facilitation measures. The objective of the report was to inform negotiators at the WTO working on an investment facilitation for development agreement. The results of the investor survey are put into perspective by highlighting consistencies and gaps in relation to the current state of the WTO Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD) negotiations and the actual level of adoption of investment facilitation measures at the national level. The survey yielded important insights that may contribute to the ongoing negotiations, as well as to other negotiations of international investment agreements that address issues of investment facilitation. It should also be of interest to investment promotion agencies (IPAs and other institutions whose mandate includes the facilitation of foreign direct investment. *The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent
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6

Powell, Andrew, and Liliana Rojas-Suárez. Healthier Firms for a Stronger Recovery: Policies to Support Business and Jobs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004398.

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This report focuses on firms and labor markets in Latin America and the Caribbean during the COVID-19 crisis and recovery. Through a balance sheet analysis, it shows how larger firms have navigated the crisis by cutting back on variable costs and investment, depleting their productive capital. It also shows that small and medium-size enterprises suffered more in closures and restrictions on credit access, and the unprecedented impacts on labor markets, where participation rates and particularly women suffered the most. Moreover, labor informality has increased and is now more endemic than ever. The report provides a set of recommendations for policymakers and suggestions for international financial institutions to assist productive firms to invest, support the growth of new firms, and enhance labor market performance.
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Jagannathan, Shanti, and Dorothy Geronimo. Reaping the Benefits of Industry 4.0 through Skills Development in the Philippines. Asian Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr200326.

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This report explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the future of the job market in the Philippines. It assesses how jobs, tasks, and skills are being transformed in the information technology-business process outsourcing industry and electronics manufacturing industry. These two industries have high relevance to 4IR technologies and are important to the country’s employment, growth, and international competitiveness. They are likely to benefit from the transformational effect of 4IR, if there is adequate investment on jobs, skills, and training. The report is part of series developed from an Asian Development Bank study on trends in skills demand in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam.
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8

Olsson, Olle. Industrial decarbonization done right: identifying success factors for well-functioning permitting processes. Stockholm Environment Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.034.

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1 Introduction 1.1 The urgency of industrial decarbonization The last few years have seen several of the world’s largest carbon dioxide-emitting countries and leading heavy industry companies committing to mid-century net-zero targets (Buckley 2021; Denyer and Kashiwagi 2020; McCurry 2020; Myers 2020). Consequently, the discussion on economy-wide transition to net-zero is accelerating, with focus shifting from “if” to “when” and “how”, even for heavy industry sectors like steel, cement and chemicals. This makes it increasingly urgent to analyse not just whether it is technologically feasible to decarbonize heavy industry, but also investigate issues more directly related to practical implementation. This includes site-specific planning, infrastructure availability, and consultation with local authorities and other stakeholders. Many of the latter considerations are formalized as part of the permitting processes that are an essential vehicle to ensure that industrial interests are balanced against interests of society at large. However, doing this balancing act can turn out to be very complicated and associated with uncertainties as to their outcome, as well as being demanding in resources and time. At the same time, to ensure broad buy-in and support from society, the investments needed must be implemented in a way that takes a broad spectrum of sustainability concerns into account, not just climate change mitigation. A key question is if and how permitting processes can run more smoothly and efficiently while still ensuring inclusive consultations, fair procedures and adherence to legal certainty. This policy brief discusses this question from the starting point of Swedish conditions, but many of the points raised will be relevant for a broader international discussion on taking industrial decarbonization to implementation. 1.2 Industrial transition and permitting processes in Sweden Decarbonization of the industrial sector in Sweden essentially entails a relatively small number of investment projects in the cement, steel, petrochemical and refinery sectors, where the vast majority of carbon emissions are concentrated (Karltorp et al. 2019; Nykvist et al. 2020). However, while few in number, the size of these investments means that their implementation will by necessity become relevant to many other parts of society. In connection with the increasing focus on how to implement industrial decarbonization in Sweden, discussions about permitting processes have been brought higher up on the agenda. While there has been an active discussion on permitting processes in Sweden for quite some time, it has primarily been focused on aspects related to mining and wind power (Larsen et al. 2017; Raitio et al. 2020). The last few years have, however, focused increasingly on industrial projects, in particular related to a proposed – though eventually cancelled – expansion of an oil refinery in the southwestern part of the country (Blad 2020). In terms of political discussions, both the governmental initiative Fossil-free Sweden (2020) and the Swedish Climate Policy Council (2020) emphasize that permitting processes need to become faster in order for Sweden’s industrial transition to be implemented in line with the time plan set by the 2017 Swedish Climate Act. Business representatives and organizations are also voicing concerns about the slow speed of permitting (Balanskommissionen 2019; Jacke 2018). At the same time, criticism has been raised that much of the environmental damage done in Sweden comes from activities conducted within limits set by environmental permits, which could be a flaw in the system (Malmaeus and Lindblom 2019). Finally, recent public inquiries have also discussed permitting processes.
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9

Stansel, Dean, José Torra, Fred McMahon, and Ángel Carrión-Tavárez. Economic Freedom of North America 2022 Dataset-All Government. Fraser Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/88975007.

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Dataset of the all-government index of the Economic Freedom of North America for comparison of jurisdictions (federal governments) in different countries. The Economic Freedom of North America measures the extent to which the policies of individual provinces and states are supportive of economic freedom—the ability of individuals to act in the economic sphere free of undue restrictions. The all-government index employs 10 variables for the 92 provincial/state governments in Canada, the United States, and Mexico in three areas: (1) Government Spending, (2) Taxes, and (3) Regulation. Also, we incorporate three additional areas at the federal level from Economic Freedom of the World Annual Report: (4) Legal Systems and Property Rights, (5) Sound Money, and (6) Freedom to Trade Internationally. In addition, we expand area 1 to include government investment, area 2 to include top marginal income and payroll tax rates, and area 3 to include credit market regulation and business regulations. These additions help capture restrictions on economic freedom that are difficult to measure at the provincial/state and municipal/local level.
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10

Stansel, Dean, José Torra, Fred McMahon, and Ángel Carrión-Tavárez. Economic Freedom of North America 2022. Fraser Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/88975004.

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Economic Freedom of North America measures the extent to which the policies of individual provinces and states are supportive of economic freedom—the ability of individuals to act in the economic sphere free of undue restrictions. It includes a subnational index for comparison of individual jurisdictions (provincial/state and municipal/local governments) within the same country, and an all-government index for comparison of jurisdictions (federal governments) in different countries. For the subnational index, Economic Freedom of North America employs 10 variables for the 92 provincial/state governments in Canada, the United States, and Mexico in three areas: (1) Government Spending, (2) Taxes, and (3) Regulation. In the case of the all-government index, we incorporate three additional areas at the federal level from Economic Freedom of the World Annual Report: (4) Legal Systems and Property Rights, (5) Sound Money, and (6) Freedom to Trade Internationally. In addition, we expand area 1 to include government investment, area 2 to include top marginal income and payroll tax rates, and area 3 to include credit market regulation and business regulations. These additions help capture restrictions on economic freedom that are difficult to measure at the provincial/state and municipal/local level.
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