Relevant bibliographies by topics / International business enterprises – Spain

Academic literature on the topic 'International business enterprises – Spain'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "International business enterprises – Spain"

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Medrano, Natalia, and Cristina Olarte-Pascual. "The effects of the crisis on marketing innovation: an application for Spain." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 31, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2013-0048.

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Purpose This study aims to identify the structural features of companies that have implemented marketing innovations at two different points, 2008 and 2010 (before and during the crisis). Design/methodology/approach The sample, obtained from the Technological Innovation Panel, consists of two subsamples of 9,415 enterprises each. The information was processed using a binomial logit model, parametric and non-parametric tests for independent samples and a test of structural stability. Findings Differences were found in the results from 2008 and 2010: enterprises in Spain were less likely to implement marketing innovations in 2010 than in 2008; the effect of an enterprise’s size on how likely it was to innovate in marketing decreased by more than half between the two periods; the likelihood of innovating in marketing increased in enterprises that also pursued organizational innovations; and in contrast to 2008, in 2010, the enterprises that were most likely to innovate in marketing were those that exported to countries outside the European Union. These findings show that innovation is part of the business ethos and that public policies that support exports can also foster innovation. Originality/value Marketing innovation has received little attention in the literature. We believe that marketing innovation can help to improve an organization’s results, even in times of economic crisis.
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Prokhorenko, I. "Center and Regions in Spain's System of Small and Medium Enterprises Support." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2010): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-10-32-43.

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Problems in small and medium entrepreneurship development are typical for any country. The main difference of Spain is that small and medium enterprises (SME) form here the basis for business and production structure of economy. Establishment and improvement of the modern government regulation and SME support system took place as late as during the post-Francoist period. In the article, the management model for such enterprises, their information support, sponsoring, access to innovations, the role of small and medium business in employment of population, especially amid the 2007–2009 global crisis are thoroughly actualized.
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Pons Pons, Jerònia. "Multinational Enterprises and Institutional Regulation in the Life-Insurance Market in Spain, 1880–1935." Business History Review 82, no. 1 (2008): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500037521.

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The number of multinationals in the life-insurance sector expanded during the first era of globalization. Many of these firms gravitated to Spain, attracted by factors such as the country's small number of national companies and minimal regulatory requirements. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, however, the Spanish government began to impose more institutional regulations, increasing the guarantees, deposits, and reserves required of insurance companies. In response, American and British multinationals began to leave the Spanish market, propelled both by the new requirements and by a series of external factors that obliged American companies to reduce their international business. Finally, the economic disruption that accompanied the outbreak of World War I convinced American and British multinationals to withdraw from the Spanish insurance business.
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Lewandowska, Małgorzata Stefania. "Blending Innovation Types in Order to Achieve International Competitiveness. Multi-country Approach." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (August 31, 2021): 1223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.114.

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The relationship between innovation and international competitiveness is the subject of many research studies. The aim of the paper is to examine the association between the introduction of product innovation individually and in pairs with process and marketing innovation and the exporting of enterprises from 13 European Union countries, mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. The study used anonymized micro data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) for 2012-2014. Based on the sample of 98 809 enterprises, 14 models were built using path analysis with the Bonferroni correction, one for the whole sample and 13 for each of the country studied. The analysis indicates positive link between the introduction of product innovation on sales activity on foreign markets of the enterprises of the surveyed countries (measured by exporting), but only for Germany and Spain. Surprisingly, adding process or marketing innovation to product innovation in most of the cases has an adverse effect on exporting.
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Mejías‐Sacaluga, Ana, and J. Carlos Prado‐Prado. "Integrated Logistics Management in the Grocery Supply Chain." International Journal of Logistics Management 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2002): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574090210806432.

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This work aims to highlight the importance of adequately defining relationships between firms in a supply chain management (SCM) framework as the basis for its integrated functioning. An empirical study is used to analyze the state of manufacturer‐retailer relationships and the implications of these on efficient functioning of the grocery supply chain in Spain with Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) as a backdrop. Using personal interviews with logistics managers in 48 manufacturers and retailers in Spain, the study focuses on the order fulfillment or demand satisfaction logistics process, and evaluates the willingness for collaboration among the enterprises using best practices and information and communication technologies (ICT's) associated with ECR.
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CURRY, JOHN, HAN DONKER, and RICHARD KREHBIEL. "DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS IN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES: THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 14, no. 01 (March 2009): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946709001119.

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This study examines the historical development of corporate governance structures in First Nations communities in British Columbia, where development corporations are employed to assist privately-owned and community-owned entrepreneurial enterprises. First Nations entrepreneurial activity functions in an environment where business must market to a global economy while preserving traditional values, beliefs and other cultural elements. A brief history of First Nations and their enterprise development efforts is presented. Empirical research findings describe the close relationship between local community and corporate goals and identify conflicts of interest between political leaders and management of development corporations. The evidence demonstrates entrepreneurial success and economic development of First Nations communities rely on an independent decision-making process within business development corporations. An alternative business model is developed utilizing the empirical research, social enterprise literature and the unique regional cooperative model of the Mondragon region of Spain. The new model respects the land base and other environmental and social values while providing a framework for economic success. Exploration of this unique enterprise-to-region development model, which incorporates consideration for the natural environment and social and cultural values, offers lessons to other societies and regions that will assist in the movement toward an economic system based on concepts of sustainability.
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Martínez Bobillo, Alfredo, Juan Antonio Rodríguez Sanz, and Fernando Tejerina Gaite. "Explanatory and predictive drivers of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capacity: Evidence from family enterprises." Cuadernos de Gestión 21, no. 2 (May 19, 2021): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5295/cdg.201329am.

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This paper aims to identify potential explanatory variables of the entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capacity (EO-IC) of family enterprises (FEs) through a comparative study of family businesses in Spain and Latin America. The innovation literature reports a paradigm shift whereby the dynamic boost provided by corporate governance and productivity is playing an increasing role as a driver of EO-IC and sustainable competitive advantage. This issue acquires particular relevance in the ase of family firms, where entrepreneurial and innovation capacities are characteristically hampered by socio-emotional and risk-aversion factors. We construct a panel of data on 182 large family enterprises (1,820 observations) domiciled in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Spain, drawing on the Thomson Onebanker and ORBIS databases for the period 2008-2018. The results reveal the emergence of new explanatory variables for the structure of the family-firm EO-IC framework, some related to productivity; others more basically to corporate governance. They also show that, in Latin America, the use of business efficiency (productivity) factors in the planning and potentiation of EO-IC by family firms is hampered by the institutional (legal, regulatory, labour and educational) environment, where traditional factors such as firm size and ownership concentration are more relevant. In the Spanish case, however, the evidence points to a transition from traditional inputs towards business efficiency and productivity-related factors.
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Demkiv, Oleh, and Natalia Chaplynska. "IMPROVEMENT OF BASIC INTERNATIONAL MANAGERIAL APPROACHES AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION (on the basis of Glovoapp Ukraine)." Business, Economics, Sustainability, Leadership and Innovation, no. 6-7 (December 30, 2021): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37659/2663-5070-2021-6-7-105-125.

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COVID-19 pandemic affected current enterprises and demand of consumers. Consequences of such changes affect managerial approaches that are used by companies to cope with new challenges on the market. This work deeply analyses correlation between managerial approaches and decisions that support competitive advantage on market. As a result, thesis will emphasize how appropriately picked managerial methodology can impact sustainable development of consumers on market, where enterprise operates. On this article we made an analysis of food delivery company “Glovo”, which is a delivery company that proceeds in more than 23 countries globally. It has started to operate in Spain in early 2015. Startup was founded by two proprietors Oscar Pierre and Sacha Michaud. Both proprietors were engaged in tech and digital areas that helped them to identify scales of tech resources to launch their own startup. In the article overview of overall performance of Glovo Ukraine with reference to its’ corporate structure, competitors that operate in delivery market and the way how company maintains customer expectations were described. The main goals is an identification of whether the company and its’ processes are effective in terms of competitiveness and communication with end users. Also, the article contains analysis of relation between theoretical information and practical findings. The goal of an analysis is an identification of the most efficient way of how Glovoapp Ukraine with food delivery business model can reach the highest ratio of market share with comparison to competitors. Theoretical information is being applied in order to identify current and recommended way of proceeding. The task of the article is to identify how usage of incorrect managerial approach can affect competitive advantage of certain enterprises. The relevance of this paper is defined by rapid growth of businesses that proceed on food delivery market and managerial decision, that are made by them. Such decisions form sustainability strategy of such enterprises, therefore contribution to fight against COVID-19 consequences and threats.
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Sánchez, Esther, and Rafael Castro. "“Foreign Assistance to a ‘Closed Economy.’ The Case of French Firms in Spain, c. 1941–1963”." Enterprise & Society 14, no. 3 (September 2013): 606–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/kht052.

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Spain emerged from the Civil War (1936-1939) with formidable economic problems. They were caused by military destruction, by foreign condemnation, and especially by the establishment of an autarkic system, in which the victorious Francoist side followed the political and economic path of other European fascist regimes. Despite legal restrictions, many foreign companies continued to seek out and exploit both new and old relationships in Spain, usually in association with the state-owned holding Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI). This foreign support was a major factor in ending Spain’s international isolation, increasing confidence in the Spanish economy, and removing obstacles for later growth. The purpose of this article is to analyze the collaboration between French firms and INI in the early Franco era (1940s and 1950s), identifying the main enterprises, agreements, and results. We assert that foreign assistance to Spain was present during the autarky period and highlight the continuity of the collaboration between Spain and France in those difficult years. Therefore, we defend multinationals' flexibility in adapting themselves to a hostile environment, particularly across political and economic networks with local partners.
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Gonçalves, Ramiro, José Martins, Frederico Branco, Manuel Perez-Cota, and Au-Yong Oliveira. "Increasing the reach of enterprises through electronic commerce: A focus group study aimed at the cases of Portugal and Spain." Computer Science and Information Systems 13, no. 3 (2016): 927–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis160804036g.

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E-commerce notably increases the reach of enterprises, bringing a firm's products and services into the international arena. In times of shrinking domestic markets, due to national crises, becoming available in global markets is essential for survival and growth. We have thus held three focus group interactions to produce a set of strategic recommendations with regards to how to improve e-Commerce adoption levels in Iberian enterprises, essential in times of local hardship and market contraction. Suggestions include creating actions to influence governments to re-evaluate the legislation that regulates e-Commerce, making it more transparent; encouraging venture capitalists, banks and business angels to finance such e-Commerce endeavors; encouraging higher education institutions (HEI) to partner with Iberian enterprises to ensure knowledge transfer in both directions; creating, with HEI and training organizations, a set of new training courses directed at Iberian enterprises and focusing on concepts such as Web 2.0 capabilities and a coherent online organizational identity. Fundamental is the perspective that e-Commerce is a strategic issue, warranting funds and qualified personnel, at different levels in the hierarchy, for adequate strategic e-intent, e-vision, and e-mission formulation, followed by effective e-process implementation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International business enterprises – Spain"

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Terra, Paulo Renato Soares. "Three essays on international business." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84202.

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This dissertation is presented in the form of three essays on International Business studies. The purpose of the dissertation is to address the interdependence between the macroeconomy and finance at three levels of analysis: the conceptual level, the economic policy level, and the corporate policy level. Each essay addresses one of these levels. The empirical focus is on developing countries in general---and Latin America in particular---because in recent history these countries have experienced large economic fluctuations and major regime shifts. The introduction surveys the literature on the relationship between the financial sector and economic growth. The first essay synthesizes the literature concerning the benefits, risks, and costs of financial liberalization in developing countries and presents illustrative data on its recent implementation and outcomes. The second essay investigates the causal relationships between real activity, inflation, and financial assets' returns in seven major Latin American economies (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela) over the period 1976--1999, using vector autoregression analysis to explore the puzzling negative relationship observed elsewhere between real stock returns and inflation. The third essay investigates whether macroeconomic factors are as important as traditional firm-specific and country-specific factors as determinants of capital structure for a sample of firms from the seven Latin American countries mentioned above in the period 1986--2000 using panel data analysis. Empirical comparisons are drawn with industrial economies: the G-7 economies in the second essay and a subset of United States firms in the third. The final chapter presents the conclusions of this dissertation. The main finding is that differences between advanced and emerging economies in the relationship among economic variables do not seem as clear-cut as often assumed by academicians, policy
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Lu, Yi. "Essays on multinational enterprises." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38999754.

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Klug, Michael. "Market entry strategies in Eastern Europe in the context of the European Union an empirical research into German firms entering the Polish market /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://www.myilibrary.com?id=134362.

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Draper, David M. "Connecting global performance support a horizontal and vertical performance analysis for a sustainable training and development support network within a global multinational enterprise /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007draperd.pdf.

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Cheng, Xiao Wei. "The impacts of internationalization on performance of New Zealand firms a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfillment [sic] of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/767.

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Härkönen, J. (Jere). "Multinational enterprises as potential acquirers." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201711283181.

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This literature review constructs together main features of potential acquirers on the markets. Also paper defines M&As separates them from each other also defining the existence of them through resource dependency theory, resource-based view and internalization theory. Basically big technologically oriented MNEs with M&A history are the most potential acquirers on the startup exit markets.
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Chik, Sing-wing. "Case studies of international joint venture /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18835867.

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Lu, Yi, and 陸毅. "Essays on multinational enterprises." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38999754.

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Heinzel, Sebastian. "Die mit den Wölfen heulen : österreichische Unternehmen und Korruption in Osteuropa /." Wien : Lit, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2007462204.html.

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Originally presented as the author's Diplomarbeit (Universität Wien) under the title: Die mit den Wölfen heulen : Eine Analyse der Korruptionsneigung internationaler Unternehmen auf Basis einer Umfrage ...
Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-122)
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Hutton, Elizabeth Anne. "The impact of multinational corporations on manufacturing : a comparative study of Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12323585.

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Books on the topic "International business enterprises – Spain"

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Explore Publications (Firm : Los Angeles, Calif.), ed. Legal insights to international business in Spain. Los Angeles, Calif: Explore Publications, 1991.

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Esteban, García-Canal, ed. The new multinationals: Spanish firms in a global context. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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The rise of Spanish multinationals: European business in the global economy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Foro de Marcas Renombradas Españolas. Atlas de las marcas líderes españolas: Atlas of the leading brands of Spain. Madrid: Foro de Marcas Renomabradas Españolas, 2013.

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K, Katsikas Sokratis, López Javier, and Soriano Miguel, eds. Trust, privacy and security in digital business: 7th international conference, TrustBus 2010, Bilbao, Spain, August 30-31, 2010 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

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Javier, López, and Pernul G. 1961-, eds. Trust and privacy in digital business: First International Conference, TrustBus 2004, Zaragoza, Spain, August 30-September 1, 2004 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Nurcan, Selmin. Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling: 14th International Conference, BPMDS 2013, 18th International Conference, EMMSAD 2013, Held at CAiSE 2013, Valencia, Spain, June 17-18, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Rabhi, Fethi A. Enterprise Applications and Services in the Finance Industry: 6th International Workshop, FinanceCom 2012, Barcelona, Spain, June 10, 2012. Revised Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Bennett, Roger. International business. London: M&E Pitman, 1996.

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International business. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "International business enterprises – Spain"

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Rugman, Alan M., and Alain Verbeke. "Multinational Enterprises and Public Policy." In International Business, 21–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596740_2.

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Kuznetsov, Alexey. "Multinational Enterprises." In World Economy and International Business, 599–609. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20328-2_29.

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Meel, Mari, and Maksim Saat. "International Enterprises and Trade Unions." In Business Challenging Business Ethics: New Instruments for Coping with Diversity in International Business, 117–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4311-0_12.

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Buckley, Peter J. "International Business versus International Management?" In Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Enterprises, 60–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230378513_5.

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Gao, Lan, and Xiaohui Liu. "The Internationalization of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises: What Challenges Do They Face?" In International Business, 63–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137007742_5.

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del Val Talen, Paula. "Social Enterprises and Benefit Corporations in Spain." In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 803–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_39.

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AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the legal framework for social enterprises in Spain and portrays the benefit-corporation phenomenon from the perspective of the Spanish law. The former is presided over by Ley 5/2011, de 29 de marzo, de Economía Social (LES), the main conceptual and policy aspects of which are discussed in this chapter. On the latter, since benefit corporations are not regulated in Spain, the contribution draws up their identifying elements from both a comparative methodology and a failed proposal for a general interest private limited liability company (S.L.I.G.). We consider benefit corporations and their applicable regime within the everlasting debate on the role of profit—both objective and subjective—as part of the cause of the company contract. Against this background, this chapter provides three theoretical models for benefit corporations under the Spanish company law and assesses how they may be adapted into the articles of association. We then examine how core finance and governance aspects may be touched, namely, the distribution of profits, directors’ duties, and shareholder protection mechanisms. The chapter supports the view that benefit corporations may be lawfully formed de lege lata under the Spanish companies and social enterprise law, although significant regulatory amendments are advisable to smoothen the process.
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Gerber, Rod. "Learning in Small Business Enterprises." In International Perspectives on Competence in the Workplace, 139–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0742-9_9.

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Carter, Martin J. "Governing Knowledge Sharing in Multinational Enterprises." In The Challenge of International Business, 167–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508644_9.

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Czychon, Christoph. "International Business Theory and Multinational Enterprises." In Regional and Global Multinationals, 27–100. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33737-7_2.

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Buckley, Peter J., and Mark Casson. "Multinational Enterprises in Less Developed Countries: Cultural and Economic Interactions." In Studies in International Business, 30–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12174-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "International business enterprises – Spain"

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Ogayar Manuel, Aranda, Pedrosa Ortega Cristina, Antequera Solís Jose Miguel, and Garcia Martí Elia. "Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises at Andalusia (Spain): Characteristics more outstanding." In Annual International Conference on Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour. Global Science and Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1970_bizstrategy26.

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Gebhard, Christian Alexander. "China Competence in Europe: Why It Matters and How to Achieve It." In 3rd International Conference. Business Meets Technology. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2021.2021.13613.

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The MERICS Institute thoroughly depicted the state of the art of China competences in Germany at the beginning of 2018. The report explained why it was important to strengthen these competences and made detailed suggestions on how to do so. This article takes a look at developments regarding these competences in Germany and Spain and sheds light on the current image of China among mainly small and medium-sized enterprises in Franconia, Northern Bavaria, by means of surveys and interviews. Suggestions are made on how to improve language skills.
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Mendonc¸a da Silva, Joao P., Francisco Cavaco, Joao Sarraipa, and Ricardo Jardim-Goncalves. "Knowledge Based Methodology Supporting Interoperability Increase in Manufacture Domain." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62327.

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The formation of cooperation and collaboration alliances between several small organizations is proving, in multiple cases, to be more efficient and competitive by comparison with big companies. Manufacturing processes span nowadays across borders as result of the globalization markets pressure, thus research on manufacturing management has turned from an intra-enterprise to an inter-enterprise focus. Consequently there is a growing interest in electronic business (e-business) solutions to facilitate information sharing between organizations in the supply chain. However, due to the worldwide diversity of communities, a high number of knowledge representation elements, such as ontologies, which are not semantically coincident, have appeared representing the same segment of reality. Even operating in the same domain, enterprises do not understand each other, making the communication among various systems parties more difficult and sometimes impracticable. As a result there is a demand for intelligent solutions capable of reinforcing partnerships and collaborations between enterprises, which needs to be able to manage its maintenance dynamically. Authors propose the increase of Interoperability in the mechanical manufacturing domain by the use of a knowledge–based methodology able to build a reference ontology and to provide its maintenance through the system user’s feedback.
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Papadopoulou, Kassandra A., and Robert A. Phillips. "A comparison of on-curricular and off-curricular activities in enterprise education for postgraduate students." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9434.

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A comparison of the effectiveness of two educational activities are carried out; a standard on-curricular postgraduate unit and an off-curricular school activity. The taught area for both is the theme of enterprise and entrepreneurship. They share similar intended learning outcomes, equipping participants with the same skills, knowledge and tools to set up their own business start-up. Another similarity is the number of contact hours with the students, however the main difference is the span these two activities take place; over a full semester or over a week. A survey was designed to be used in post teaching sessions to evaluate the effectiveness and impact the activities had on the students in the area of enterprise and entrepreneurship. The results indicated that both activities had an impact on start-up intention and activity however, the cost of the enterprise school per head and the fact that the on-curricular activities provide a recognized qualification in case the business fails means that short intensive off-curricular activities are better suited for researchers with limited time and who are still open minded about career choices. Both activities serve their own purpose and value as they provide the desired interventions for supporting positive attitudes towards enterprise and entrepreneurship.
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Hu, Bo, Jian Wang, Yutao Ma, and Liang-Jie Zhang. "Business Graphing for Internet-Enabled Enterprises." In 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdatacongress.2017.84.

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Polo Garrido, Fernando. "A critical perspective on governmental accounting regulation in Spain." In 1st International Conference on Business Management. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/icbm.2015.1331.

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"NEW TRENDS OF E-COMMERCE IN SPAIN." In 2nd International Conference on E-business and Telecommunication Networks. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001411501590163.

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Peja, Merita Gjyshinca. "Corporate Governance in Privately Owned Enterprises." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.286.

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Minaei-Bidgoli, Behrouz, and Laleh Rafati. "Business Service Modeling in Service-Oriented Enterprises." In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management (NCM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ncm.2008.219.

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Miftari, Vehbi, and Alma Shehu. "Leader’s Communication in Medium Enterprises in Peja." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2017.209.

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Reports on the topic "International business enterprises – Spain"

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Powell, Andrew, and Liliana Rojas-Suárez. Healthier Firms for a Stronger Recovery: Policies to Support Business and Jobs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004398.

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This report focuses on firms and labor markets in Latin America and the Caribbean during the COVID-19 crisis and recovery. Through a balance sheet analysis, it shows how larger firms have navigated the crisis by cutting back on variable costs and investment, depleting their productive capital. It also shows that small and medium-size enterprises suffered more in closures and restrictions on credit access, and the unprecedented impacts on labor markets, where participation rates and particularly women suffered the most. Moreover, labor informality has increased and is now more endemic than ever. The report provides a set of recommendations for policymakers and suggestions for international financial institutions to assist productive firms to invest, support the growth of new firms, and enhance labor market performance.
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Michel, Bob, and Tatiana Falcão. Taxing Profits from International Maritime Shipping in Africa: Past, Present and Future of UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.023.

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International maritime shipping is an essential part of global business. Since the establishment of the current international tax regime in the 1920s, there has been a consensus that profits generated by this business are taxable only in the residence state –the state where the shipowners are located. Source states – the port states where business physically takes place – are generally expected to exempt income from international shipping. This standard is currently reflected in Article 8 of the OECD Model and Article 8 (Alternative A) of the UN Model, and is incorporated in the vast majority of bilateral tax treaties currently in force. Exclusive residence state taxation of shipping profits is problematic when the size of mercantile fleets and shipping flows between two states are of unequal size. This is often the case in relations between a developed and developing country. The latter often lack a substantial domestic mercantile fleet, but serve as an important revenue-generating port state for the fleet of the developed country. To come to a more balanced allocation of taxing rights in such a case, a source taxation alternative has been inserted in UN Model Article 8 (Alternative B). From its inception, Article 8B has been labelled impractical due to the lack of guidance on core issues, like sourcing rules and profit allocation. This gap is said to explain the low adoption rate of Article 8B in global tax treaty practice. In reality, tax treaty practice regarding Article 8B is heavily concentrated and flourishing in a handful of countries in South/South-East Asia – Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand. All these countries subject non-resident shipping income to tax in their domestic income tax laws. Except for India, all countries are able to exercise these domestic tax law rules in relation to shipping enterprises located in the biggest shipowner states, either because they have a treaty in place that provides for source taxation or because there is no treaty at all and thus no restriction of domestic law. None of the relevant tax treaties contain a provision that incorporates the exact wording of Article 8B of the UN Model. If other countries, like coastal countries in sub-Saharan Africa, are looking to implement source taxation of maritime shipping income in the future, they are advised to draw on the South/South-East Asian experience. Best practice can be distilled regarding sourcing rule, source tax limitation, profit attribution and method of taxation (on gross or net basis). In addition to technical guidance on tax, the South/South-East Asian experience also provides important general policy considerations countries should take into account when determining whether source taxation of maritime shipping profits is an appropriate target for their future tax treaty negotiations.
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