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1
Chen, Hunglin Maggie. "An analysis of the impact of cultural differences upon management styles of selected Taiwanese managers within business/industry organizations of Southern California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1045.
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Manning, Elizabeth Sophie Mary. "Local content and related trade policy: Australian applications /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm2832.pdf.
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Van, Zyl Stefan Daniel. "The diplomacy of multinational corporations (MNCs) : bargaining with developing states." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50137.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment investigates the bargaining relationship between multinational
corporations (MNCs) and developing countries. The units of analysis of this study in
Global Political Economy are MNCs (non-state actors) and nation-states. In the
contemporary global production structure the 'balance of power' between MNCs and
developing countries has shifted in favour of MNCs. Descriptive secondary sources
were used to illustrate the MNC-State bargaining relationship in telecommunications
privatisation in Sub-Saharan Africa.
In the contemporary global economy nation-states only rarely still compete for territory,
but rather for wealth-creating activities to be located within their borders. Important
changes in the global production structure have resulted in the increased mobility and
economic power of MNCs. These developments have affected the strategic relationship
between MNCs and nation-states and the former have used their advantage to gain
preferential treatment in the bargaining process. The nation-states are also competing
amongst themselves for the investment and technology and knowledge transfers from
these firms. Privatisation programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa have substantially
increased MNC participation on the continent, which has been historically marginalised
from global foreign direct investment receipts. Research has shown that MNC
participation in infrastructure service provision is more efficient than government
ownership. However, this does not constitute a loss of sovereignty, but rather
emphasises the changing role of nation-states as facilitators of global market relations.
On examination, the distinct bargaining relationship in telecommunications privatisation
clearly illustrates the dependence of Sub-Saharan African countries on technologically
advanced MNCs. Thus, the 'balance of power' has shifted more to MNCs in the global
political economy.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingswerkstuk ondersoek die bedingingsverhouding tussen multinasionale
korporasies (MNKs) en ontwikkelende lande. Die ondersoekeenhede in die studie van
die Globale Politieke Ekonomie is MNKs (nie-staatrolspelers) en regeringstate. In die
huidige globale produksiestruktuur het die mag tussen MNKs en ontwikkelende lande
verander sodat die MNKs nou die magsoorwig het. Beskrywende sekondêre bronne is
gebruik om die MNK-regeringstaat se bedingingsverhouding in telekommunikasie
privatisering in Sub-Sahara Afrika te illustreer.
In die teenswoordige globale ekonomie kompeteer regeringstate selde met mekaar om
territoriale mag, maar oorwegend om welvaartskeppende bedrywe binne hul grense aan
te moedig. Belangrike veranderings in die globale produksiestruktuur het MNKs se
mobiliteit en ekonomiese mag verhoog. Hierdie ontwikkelinge het die strategiese
verhouding tussen MNKs en regeringstate verander. MNKs gebruik hierdie invloed om
voordeel te trek uit regeringstate wat kompeteer vir belegging en die tegnologie- en
kennisoordrag van hierdie korporasies. Privatiseringsprogramme in Sub-Sahara Afrika
het MNK-deelname op die kontinent verhoog, wat histories gemarginaliseer is van
buitelandse direkte belegging. Navorsing dui daarop dat MNKs se deelname in
infrastruktuurdienslewering meer doeltreffend is, as wanneer dit onder staatsbeheer is.
Dit lei egter nie tot 'n verlies aan soeweriniteit nie, maar beklemtoon die regeringstaat
se veranderde rol as fasiliteerder van globale markverhoudinge. Die ondersoek na die
uitsonderlike bedingingsverhouding in die privatisering van telekommunikasie
beklemtoon Sub-Sahara Afrika se afhanklikheid van tegnologies-ontwikkelde MNKs.
Die magsbalans het gevolglik na die MNKs oorskuif in die globale politieke ekonomie.
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Makgatho, Mathane. "The use of the Brink model to assess Mozambique's political risk before and after major project investments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5542.
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Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mozambique managed to attract a lot of foreign direct investment despite it being one of
the poorest countries in the world and after it has been through a devastating 17 year
civil war. GOP per capita in 1995 was about US$ 144 which was one of the lowest
in the world. The country was faced with enormous challenges and risks in terms of
both country and political risk. Major risks were associated with investment in that
country because of prolonged civil war with no record of macro-economic stability.
Despite these huge challenges, Mozambique managed to attract a lot of investment
with Mozal 1 being the first big project post civil war. This paper analyses and
quantifies where Mozambique was before and after mega projects. This is done by
looking at where Mozambique was before Mozal 1 being the first mega project in the
country post civil war. The analysis is in terms of political risk as it relates to cross
border transactions with specific reference to a number of political risk indicators as
suggested by Brink (2004) that prevailed and how the projects were structured to
minimize risk. A political risk rating is developed for 1995 and 2005 using the Brink
model to check if the project did improve the country's economic health.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mosambiek het daarin geslaag om grootskaalse direkte buitelandse investering te lok ten spyte van sy status as een van die wereld se armste lande en die verwoestende burgeroorlog wat 17 jaar geduur het. Die BBP per capita was ongeveer US$ 144 in 1995, wat dit een van die laagstes in die wereld gemaak het. Die land het enorme uitdagings en risiko's in die gesig gestaar in terme van die land en die politiek. Die hoofrisiko's het met investering verband gehou vanwee die langdurige burgeroorlog en geen makro-ekonomiese stabiliteit in die land se verlede nie. Ondanks hierdie reuse
uitdagings het Mosambiek daarin geslaag om baie investering te lok, waarvan Mozal 1 die eerste megaprojek na die burgeroorlog was. Hierdie tesis analiseer en kwantifiseer
Mosambiek se posisie voor en na megaprojekte. Dit is gedoen deur te kyk na hoe
Mosambiek daar uitgesien het voor Mozal 1. Die analise is in terme van die verband
tussen politieke risiko en oorgrenstransaksies gedoen. Daar word spesifiek verwys na 'n
aantal aanwysers van politieke risiko, soos voorgestel deur Brink (2004), wat geheers
het en hoe projekte gestruktureer is om risiko te verminder. 'n Gradering van politieke
risiko is vir 1995 en 2005 aan die hand van Brink se model ontwikkel om te kontroleer of
die projek die land se ekonomiese gesondheid verbeter het.
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Deva, Surya. "Violation of human rights by multinational corporations : an integrated theory of regulation." Phd thesis, Faculty of Law, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11721.
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Sally, Mohomed Razeen. "States and firms : the political economy of French and German multinational enterprises in international competition." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287047.
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This thesis entails the examination of the internationalisation during the 1980s of the twelve leading French and German-owned multinational enterprises [MNEs] in chemicals and electronics. They represent a significant part of the phenomenon of Europeanowned MNEs taking their places alongside U.S. and Japaneseowned MNEs as the main commercial actors in international competition. MNEs in the chemical and electronics sectors have been selected for analysis because they are technology-intensive in many of their businesses, which are at the cutting-edge of industry globalisation. This process of recent internationalisation is used to address a problematique that goes to the roots of institutional political economy : how and why has the internationalisation of these MNEs interacted with their "embeddedness" in the domestic structures of the French and German political economies, particularly in terms of their power relationships with external actors such as the home governments and financial institutions ? What are the French-German comparisons involved ? The primary political economy themes are as follows : the MNEs' roles as political actors, especially viewed in terms of their bargaining power relations with the home [central] governments; home government industrial policy vis-â-vis the MNEs; MNE financial relations with banks in France and Germany; MNE political activity at the level of the European Community -- the main geographical focus of internationalisation -- which is especially evident in technology policy. The empirical argument presented is that internationalisation imparts a dynamic that induces convergence effects between the French and German political economies, most importantly in the manner in which the MNEs are embedded in them. Such convergence is however limited and qualified by the enduring differences in the constitution of state-finance-industry linkages in France and Germany. It is argued that the primary theoretical contribution of this study is the inclusion of a business organisation approach, at the level of the firm, to put the spotlight on fundamental questions of political economy. Research in political economy has tended to overlook the role of the firm. The changes wrought by the internationalisation of business urgently require better firm-level conceptualisation and empirical research.
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Howard, Christopher O. "Approaches to the problems of political risk in foreign direct investment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18270.
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This thesis examines the challenges multinational enterprises face from political risk when making and operating foreign direct investments. The thesis considers political risk and a wide variety of approaches to its analysis and provides insight into the process of foreign direct investment, the nature of the political threat facing it, foreign investment decision making by multinationals, and the tools developed in the commercial, academic, and governmental arenas to avoid and combat the effects of political risk. In essence, the thesis addresses a business application of theories and methodologies used in political studies. The first hypothesis is: if political risk is properly understood as a phenomenon of the political environment, then it a) defies direct quantification and b) can be explained as a series of discrete elements which can be analyzed separately. The second hypothesis is: if political risk is properly understood as a series of non-quantifiable elements, analysis of political risk cannot be depended upon alone to protect multinational enterprises from political risk in foreign direct investment. The first hypothesis is addressed through a critical review and consideration of business and political risk literature. Two analytical tools are developed in this process: a ladder of cognition consisting of a series of conditions of knowledge which can be held regarding a specific risk, and indicating the type and approximate accuracy of analysis which can be undertaken of such risk; and a representation of the political risk equation as a two stage process consisting of an abstract (environmental) risk event and a discrete effect which the event may or may not have on a specific investment. The second hypothesis is addressed through a critical review of methods of political risk analysis including "qualitative" approaches with roots in traditional studies and "quantitative" approaches derived from statistical analysis and behavioralist-based determinism. Critiques of each approach include operational strengths and weaknesses, performance histories (when applicable), conceptual and practical capabilities from the perspective of the analytical tools described above, and theoretical strengths and weaknesses from the perspective of the political studies discipline. Both hypotheses are supported and the thesis concludes by reviewing tools which can be used by multinationals to manage and mitigate the effects of political risk and considering additional academic work in this arena which would be useful in developing this application of political studies.
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Abramowitz, Alan F. "Transnational corporations : an examination of the consequences for society." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9895.
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Olivier, Daniel. "The globalisation of port business an Asian perspective /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36265007.
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Pellegrino, Juan M., and n/a. "Strategy, learning and knowledge in the internationalisation process : a comparative study of NZ incremental and early-internationalising SMEs." University of Otago. Department of Marketing, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090826.101221.
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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which represent around 95% or more of the total number of enterprises in many countries, are often considered critical for a country's economy because of their effects on economic output and their contribution to overall employment. However, as a result of globalisation and the deregulation of the New Zealand economy, SMEs in this country have been faced with the need to internationalise in order to grow because of increased domestic competition. Moreover, when they make their move to offshore markets they also face fierce competition. Hence, it is in this largely integrated and competitive global marketplace that it becomes critical for smaller firms to learn about international business to succeed. Therefore, this thesis aimed to understand and explain how internationalising NZ SMEs learn and develop knowledge throughout their internationalisation process.
To frame this problem an extensive review of the literature on internationalisation, organisational knowledge and organisational learning was conducted. This assessment revealed a gap related to the evolution of learning and knowledge in SMEs' internationalisation process. It also identified the incremental and born-global internationalisation types, two more common and distinctive internationalisation paths that SMEs follow. The literature described the several common forms of knowledge that played more or less critical roles in these firms' internationalisation. Furthermore, extant research also stated that experiential learning and other learning processes were important for the internationalisation of these firms but it did not delve into the development of these learning processes over time. Finally, the evaluation of the knowledge and learning literatures identified three most distinctive and important forms of knowledge that organisations develop as a result of several learning processes.
Anchored on the research problem and the specific research questions, derived from the literature review, and framed by a post-positivist worldview, this study developed a methodology that combined theory building, process-based research and case studies to address the problem. More specifically, the methodology involved the selection of and collection of historical, or retrospective, data from eight cases, four incremental and four early-internationalising firms. The data collected through interviews and document analysis was examined using different process analysis techniques.
This research has found that there were important differences in the incremental and early-internationalising firms' learning and knowledge during their creation. Furthermore, the early-internationalising firms identified and implemented an internationalisation strategy from the beginning. Thus, the knowledge about international markets and products acquired through congenital learning and their initial intention to offer their products offshore allowed the early-internationalising firms to expand internationally from their creation or soon after. In contrast, the incremental firms only decided to internationalise after they learned from their experience in their domestic market that they had a successful product that had international potential. Besides their initial internationalisation strategy, or lack of it, and knowledge, other factors, such as firm resources, product and industry characteristics and previous learning and knowledge, influenced these firms' subsequent internationalisation strategy, learning and knowledge.
Publication associated with this thesis: Pellegrino, J. (2005) Organisational Learning Processes in Internationalising Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: a Comparison between Traditional and Born-Global firms. Udevalla Symposium & McGill International Entrepreneurship Conference, Udevalla, Sweden, September 2005.
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Gouws, Stephanie. "A study on the cultural adjustment of the domestic partners of German expatriates in the Nelson Mandela Bay automotive industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1540.
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This study explores the cultural adjustment of the domestic partners of German expatriates working in the Nelson Mandela Bay automotive industry of South Africa. The data was collected by distributing pre-interview questionnaires to the participants and conducting in-depth interviews with them. Grounded theory was used in the data collection and analysis and an auto-ethnographic approach was employed, allowing for reflexivity. The findings suggest that the expatriated domestic partners did not necessarily experience much difficulty in adjusting to South African culture as they did, for example, adjusting to not being able to work for the duration of their stay. The research has also shown that the unmarried domestic partners of expatriate employees are at a disadvantage compared to their married counterparts; receiving less assistance from the companies of their partners. Based on the findings, it has been recommended that companies refine and streamline the assistance they offer to the domestic partners of their expatriate employees, providing all domestic partners with the same pre-departure training and entitling them to the same benefits.
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Li, Juan Julie, and 李娟. "Social relations of foreign firms in China: afocus on trust, network ties and social capital." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36296326.
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Gu, Fang Flora, and 顧芳. "Three studies on business-to-business relations: effects of fairness, guanxi, and national animosity on firmperformance in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3625342X.
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Schortgen, Francis. "Chinese Enterprise Internationalization: The Case for Contextual Analysis." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1208961224.
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Mitchell, Samantha Laura. "Environmental, social and corporate governance reporting : perspectives from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and an international metals and mining sample." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95862.
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Thesis (MComm) – Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Global interest in responsible investing has grown in recent years. To make effective
decisions, responsible investors require listed companies to report on financial and nonfinancial
performance, giving particular attention to environmental, social and corporate
governance (ESG) considerations. This study was undertaken to address the paucity of
academic research on ESG reporting in South Africa. A number of local studies had focused
on environmental and governance reporting, but no studies had taken a holistic view of ESG
reporting. Nor had any studies focused on the metals and mining industry in particular. This is
a very important industry from an economic and ESG perspective, both in South Africa and
internationally.
The primary objective of this study was two-fold. Firstly, it was to investigate the extent of
ESG reporting (both in South Africa and in a sample of international Metals and Mining
companies). The second objective was to evaluate the factors that could potentially influence
ESG reporting in these two samples.
A positivistic research methodology was adopted as this approach allowed the researcher to
test the stated research hypotheses. Quantitative secondary data were thus collected and
analysed. The data collection process consisted of three phases: the first phase involved an
extensive literature review of the key constructs; the second phase dealt with the collection of
data for the dependent variable (Overall ESG score) from MSCI ESG Research’s database;
and the third phase entailed collecting data for the 12 independent variables from Bureau van
Dijk and selected websites. MSCI ESG Research’s universe was used to establish the two samples used in this study. The
JSE sample consisted of 110 listed companies, whereas the international Metals and Mining
sample consisted of 173 companies. Because MSCI ESG Research had completed only one
year of ESG research when this study commenced, only data for 2012 were available.
Descriptive and inferential statistics were completed to analyse the data.
The empirical findings of the JSE sample show that the Governance pillar mean score was
significantly higher than the Social pillar mean score and the Environmental pillar mean
score. ESG reporting was found to be positively associated with companies which were
included in the Nedbank Green Index. Companies included in the JSE Socially Responsible Index produced significantly better ESG reports than those excluded from the index.
Significant differences were also noted in the Overall ESG score based on the nature of the
industry in which a company operated.
In the international Metals and Mining sample, two statistically significant relationships were
found: larger companies had higher ESG score than smaller companies; and the greater the
ownership concentration in a company, the better the ESG reporting on average. Four
statistically significant differences were observed. Companies included in the FTSE4Good
Index Series had better ESG scores than companies excluded from the index. Companies in
developed countries had better ESG reporting than companies in emerging markets. The third
difference related to companies which used the Global Reporting Initiative’s guidelines.
These companies had higher Overall ESG scores than those which did not use the guidelines.
The same applies to companies which were participants of the UN Global Compact and those
who were not.
It was concluded that investors who favour sound ESG reporting (and hence ESG
management) should ideally focus on larger companies, those which are included in an
responsible investing index, use the Global Reporting Initiative’s guidelines, and are
participants of the UN Global Compact. Listed companies, particularly those in the Metals
and Mining industry, should give more attention to environmental and social considerations,
to the overall quality of their ESG reports, and should make more use of available initiatives
to aid non-financial reporting.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afgelope jare het belangstelling in verantwoordelike beleggings wêreldwyd toegeneem.
Ten einde verantwoordelike beleggers in staat te stel om doeltreffende besluite te neem, moet
genoteerde maatskappye oor hul finansiële én nie-finansiële prestasie verslag doen, met
bepaalde klem op omgewings-, maatskaplike en korporatiewe beheer (OMB) kwessies.
Hierdie studie is onderneem om ’n leemte in akademiese navorsing oor verslagdoening in
Suid-Afrika te vul. ’n Aantal plaaslike studies het al op omgewings- en beheerverslagdoening
gekonsentreer, maar geen navorsing tot dusver het OMB-verslagdoening holisties beskou nie.
Ook het geen studies nog die soeklig op die metaal- en mynboubedryf in die besonder gewerp
nie. Hierdie is ’n baie belangrike bedryf uit ’n ekonomiese en OMB-oogpunt, in Suid-Afrika
sowel as internasionaal.
Die hoofoogmerk van hierdie studie was tweeledig. Eerstens wou die studie ondersoek instel
na die omvang van OMB-verslagdoening (by ’n Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef sowel as ’n
steekproef van internasionale metaal- en mynboumaatskappye). Tweedens wou die navorsing
die faktore bepaal wat ’n moontlike invloed op die OMB-verslagdoening van hierdie twee
steekproewe kan hê.
’n Positivistiese navorsingsmetodologie is gebruik, aangesien hierdie benadering die navorser
in staat gestel het om die navorsingshipoteses te toets. Kwantitatiewe sekondêre data was dus
ingesamel en ontleed. Die data-insamelingsproses het uit drie fases bestaan: In die eerste fase
was ’n omvattende literatuurstudie oor die hoofkonstrukte onderneem; die tweede fase het uit
data-insameling oor die afhanklike veranderlike (algehele OMB-telling) uit die databasis van
MSCI ESG Research bestaan, terwyl die derde fase data-insameling oor die 12 onafhanklike
veranderlikes uit Bureau van Dijk en op uitgesoekte webtuistes behels het. Die universum van MSCI ESG Research is gebruik om die twee steekproewe in hierdie studie
te bepaal. Die Suid-Afrikaanse steekproef het uit 110 genoteerde maatskappye bestaan, terwyl
die steekproef van internasionale metaal- en mynboumaatskappye 173 entiteite ingesluit het.
Aangesien MSCI ESG Research met die aanvang van hierdie studie nog net een jaar van
OMB-navorsing onderneem het, was data slegs vir 2012 beskikbaar. Beskrywende en
inferensiële statistieke is ontwikkel om die data te ontleed. Die empiriese bevindinge van die Suid-Afrikaanse-steekproef lewer ’n beduidend hoër
gemiddelde telling vir beheerverslagdoening as vir maatskaplike en
omgewingsverslagdoening op. OMB-verslagdoening blyk ’n positiewe korrelasie te toon met
maatskappye wat by Nedbank se groen-indeks ingesluit is. Maatskappye wat ingesluit was in
die Johannesburg Effektebeurs se indeks vir maatskaplike verantwoordelikheid het op hulle
beurt aansienlik beter OMB-verslae opgestel as dié buite die indeks. Beduidende verskille in
algehele OMB-tellings is ook opgemerk op grond van die aard van die bedryf waarin ’n
maatskappy funksioneer.
In die internasionale metaal- en mynbousteekproef is twee statisties beduidende
verwantskappe aangetref: Groter maatskappye het ’n hoër OMB-telling as kleiner
maatskappye getoon, en hoe hoër die eienaarskapskonsentrasie in ’n maatskappy, hoe beter
die OMB-verslagdoening oor die algemeen. Vier statisties beduidende verskille is boonop
waargeneem. Maatskappye wat deel was van die FTSE4Good-indeksreeks het beter OMBtellings
opgelewer as maatskappye buite die indeks, en maatskappye in ontwikkelde lande het
beter gevaar met OMB-verslagdoening as dié in ontluikende markte. Die derde verskil hou
verband met maatskappye wat die riglyne van die Globale Verslagdoeningsinisiatief (GRI)
volg, wat algeheel hoër OMB-tellings gehad het as diegene wat nié die riglyne gebruik nie.
Dieselfde geld vir maatskappye wat aan die Verenigde Nasies (VN) se wêreldverdrag
(“Global Compact”) deelneem en diegene wat nie deelneem nie. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat beleggers wat goeie OMB-verslagdoening (en dus goeie
OMB-bestuur) verkies, behoort te konsentreer op groter maatskappye, maatskappye wat by ’n
indeks vir verantwoordelike belegging ingesluit is, wat die riglyne van die Internasionale
Verslagdoeningsinisiatief volg, en wat aan die VN se wêreldverdrag deelneem. Genoteerde
maatskappye, veral dié in die metaal- en mynboubedryf, behoort ook meer aandag te skenk
aan omgewings- en maatskaplike sake sowel as die algehele gehalte van hul verslae, en
behoort meer gebruik te maak van beskikbare inisiatiewe om nie-finansiële verslagdoening te
ondersteun.
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Zhang, Ying. "Developed countries or developing countries?: MNEs' geographic diversification and corporate social performance." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/560.
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Research (e.g., Strike, Gao, & Bansal, 2006) has pointed out that international firms diversifying geographically can be both socially responsible and socially irresponsible. However, the research has failed to provide a strong theoretical explanation based on a major theory. I propose to address this gap by testing two competing perspectives based on institutional theory, i.e., the institutional-transfer approach and the institutional-void approach. Based on relevant literature, I propose a contingency model predicting the different effects of geographic diversification (GD) on corporate social performance (CSP) by focusing on the institutional differences between developed and developing countries. Moreover, arguing that the institutional approaches should also consider the effects of internal firm resources, I also predict the moderating effects of firm slack resources (the slack) on the relationship between the diversification and CSP. Adopting the approach that considers the slack in a continuum of managerial discretion, i.e., low- and high-discretion slack resources (George, 2005), I argue that high-discretion slack can strengthen the relationship between GD and CSP while low-discretion slack can weaken this relationship. To test the above hypotheses, I analyze the data of multinational enterprises (MNEs) listed on the New York Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2015. The whole sample contains 477 MNEs or 1,560 firm/year observations. Through analyzing empirical data, I have obtained evidence that there is a positive relationship between GD and corporate social responsibility (CSR) when MNEs diversify into developed countries. On the other hand, the results show a negative relationship between GD and CSR and a positive relationship between GD and corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) when MNEs diversify into developing countries. Moreover, low-discretion slack can weaken the relationship between GD and CSR in developing countries. Theoretically, this thesis makes four contributions to the literature. First, it contributes to the GD literature by focusing on CSP. Second, it enriches institutional theory by testing the predictive validity of its two approaches (i.e., institutional-transfer approach and institutional-void approach) on the GD-CSP relationship. Third, it enriches the understanding of CSP research. Finally, it reveals that different types of slack resources could affect the GD-CSP relationship. In addition to the theoretical contributions, this thesis provides findings with practical implications for managers, governments, and stakeholders. First, managers should be aware of the institutional environments where their firms diversify. Second, managers should maintain an appropriate utility to different kinds of slack resources in their firms. Third, the government should reinforce its supervision on MNEs' diversification strategies, especially in developing countries. Fourth, stakeholders should stay alert that MNEs from developed countries can also perform CSIR behaviors.
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Casanova-Jimenez, Richard P. "Trade and investment disputes : whose business is it anyway ?" Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78207.
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This thesis is a discussion on whether every sector of human activity really is or needs to be 'global'. It discusses the impact that economic globalization has on the role of the nation-state and on the concept of democracy, at both local and international levels. Particular emphasis is put on some of the democratic challenges associated with dispute settlement at the WTO and also under foreign investment international instruments. It is argued that increased participation by non-state actors, particularly NGOs, in state-to-state and in investor-state arbitration threatens to weaken the arbitration process and does little to remedy alleged democratic deficiencies. The author concludes that many democratic concerns regarding these types of dispute settlement processes may be better addressed by strengthening national democracies. Increased public information, consultation, and participation in the shaping of foreign policy could reduce much of the criticism concerning both, international dispute settlement and decision-making.
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Gonzalez, Vicente Ruben. "The internationalization of China's mining industry : a critical political economy of Chinese mining investment in Peru." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252289.
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Chirwa, Danwood Mzikenge. "Towards binding economic, social and cultural rights obligations of non-state actors in international and domestic law: a critical survey of emerging norms." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study argued that the issue of non-state actors requires a comprehensive response that includes the recognition of both non-binding and binding human rights obligations of these actors. It examined critically the emerging norms on voluntary obligations, state responsibility, and direct responsibility of these actors with regard to human rights at both international and domestic levels.
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Krueger, Paula Kay. "China and the USA: An analysis of intercultural training methods in the corporate environment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2563.
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This project presents the cultural significance of establishing and maintaining business relationships with Chinese counterparts. It includes sample training modules to provide intercultural training for all firms engaged in business with China.
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Masindi, Ntungufhadzeni Austin. "Foreign direct investment through privatisation of state-owned enterprises : a comparative analysis of South Africa and Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51767.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment seeks to explore the role of privatisation in attracting foreign
direct investment (FDI) to South Africa and Zambia. In doing this, literature
review method based on primary and secondary documentary sources have
been utilised. In order to attract FDI, the study revealed that it is necessary to
get the policy environment right. Creating an investor-friendly environment
which promises good return on investment in line with the international
"regulatory" framework - the World Bank's International Finance Corporation
(IFC) and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and the World
Association of Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA) requirements - is
therefore significantly important.
The World Bank regards Zambia's privatisation programme as the model for
Africa. South Africa finds itself in a contradictory position. On the one hand it
is the leading economic power in Africa, while on the other hand it still lags
behind in terms of restructuring its parastatals. Privatisation programme in
South Africa has been very slow. However, the government and other
stakeholders, particularly in 1997, have been trying to get privatisation off the
ground.
The conclusion is that both South Africa and Zambia succeeded in attracting
FDI through their processes of privatisation. In both countries major FDI
inflows have been an outcome of privatisation. FDI is important for creating
employment, debt reduction, empowerment, transfer of technology and
managerial skills. However, these countries follow different approaches to
privatisation. Due to the slow privatisation pace in South Africa, it is
recommended that South Africa learn from Zambia's approach and
experience. This would enable South Africa to fully explore some of the
benefits of privatisation.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie opdrag ondersoek die rol van privatisering in die trek van direkte
buitelandse beleggings (DBB) in Suid-Afrika en Zambie. Ten einde hierdie
doelstelling te kon bereik is 'n literere oorsig van primere en sekondere
bronne gedoen. Hierdie studie het bevind dat 'n gunstige beleidsomgewing
DBB sal trek. Die skep van 'n beleggings-vriendelike omgewing wat goeie
dividende beloof en in Iyn is met die internasionale "regulerende" raamwerk -
die Wereldbank se International Finance Corporation (IFC), Multilateral
Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) en World Association of Investment
Promotion Agencies (WAIPA) - se vereistes is van kardinale belang.
Die Wereld Bank beskou Zambie se privatiseringsprogram as die model
program vir Afrika. Suid-Afrika bevind haarself in 'n teenstrydige posisie. Aan
die een kant is sy Afrika se voorste ekonomiese moondheid, en aan die
anderkant is die programme om haar staatsondernemings te herstruktureer
nog in hul kinderskoene. Privatiseringsprogramme in Suid Afrika het tot
dusver baie stadig verloop. In 1997 het die regering en ander
belanghebbende partye egter privatisering van die grond af probeer kry.
Die konklusie is dat beide Suid-Afrika en Zambie daarin geslaag het om DBB
te lok met hul privatiseringsprogramme. In beide lande was groot DBB die
uitkoms van privatisering. DBB is belangrik om werk te skep, skuld
vereffening, bemagtiging, en die oordrag van tegnologie en
bestuursvaardighede. Hierdie lande volg egter verskillende benaderings tot
die privatiseringsproses. Vanwee die stadige privatiseringsproses in Suid
Afrika word die voorstel gemaak dat Suid-Afrika by Zambie leer in hul
benadering en ervaring. Dit sal Suid-Afrika toelaat om al die voordele van
privatisering te ontdek.
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Detomasi, David Antony. "Alliance capitalism, political economy, and the multinational corporation, a theoretical and empirical investigation of government-business relations in Canada, 1971-1999." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/NQ42941.pdf.
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Cincera, Michele. "Economic and technological performances of international firms." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212081.
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The research performed throughout this dissertation aims at implementing quantitative methods in order to assess economic and technological performances of firms, i.e. it tries to assess the impacts of the determinants of technological activity on the results of this activity. For this purpose, a representative sample of the most important R&D firms in the world is constituted. The micro-economic nature of the analysis, as well as its international dimension are two main features of this research at the empirical level.<p><p>The second chapter illustrates the importance of R&D investments, patenting activities and other measures of technological activities performed by firms over the last 10 years.<p><p>The third chapter describes the main features as well as the construction of the database. The raw data sample consists of comparable detailed micro-level data on 2676 large manufacturing firms from several countries. These firms have reported important R&D expenditures over the period 1980-1994.<p><p>The fourth chapter explores the dynamic structure of the patent-R&D relationship by considering the number of patent applications as a function of present and lagged levels of R&D expenditures. R&D spillovers as well as technological and geographical opportunities are taken into account as additional determinants in order to explain patenting behaviours. The estimates are based on recently developed econometric techniques that deal with the discrete non-negative nature of the dependent patent variable as well as the simultaneity that can arise between the R&D decisions and patenting. The results show evidence of a rather contemporaneous impact of R&D activities on patenting. As far as R&D spillovers are concerned, these externalities have a significantly higher impact on patenting than own R&D. Furthermore, these effects appear to take more time, three years on average, to show up in patents.<p><p>The fifth chapter explores the contribution of own stock of R&D capital to productivity performance of firms. To this end the usual productivity residual methodology is implemented. The empirical section presents a first set of results which replicate the analysis of previous studies and tries to assess the robustness of the findings with regard to the above issues. Then, further results, based on different sub samples of the data set, investigate to what extent the R&D contribution on productivity differs across firms of different industries and geographic areas or between small and large firms and low and high-tech firms. The last section explores more carefully the simultaneity issue. On the whole, the estimates indicate that R&D has a positive impact on productivity performances. Yet, this contribution is far from being homogeneous across the different dimensions of data or according to the various assumptions retained in the productivity model.<p><p>The last empirical chapter goes deeper into the analysis of firms' productivity increases, by considering besides own R&D activities the impact of technological spillovers. The chapter begins by surveying the alternative ways proposed in the literature in order to asses the effect of R&D spillovers on productivity. The main findings reported by some studies at the micro level are then outlined. Then, the framework to formalize technological externalities and other technological determinants is exposed. This framework is based on a positioning of firms into a technological space using their patent distribution across technological fields. The question of whether the externalities generated by the technological and geographic neighbours are different on the recipient's productivity is also addressed by splitting the spillover variable into a local and national component. Then, alternative measures of technological proximity are examined. Some interesting observations emerge from the empirical results. First, the impact of spillovers on productivity increases is positive and much more important than the contribution of own R&D. Second, spillover effects are not the same according to whether they emanate from firms specialized in similar technological fields or firms more distant in the technological space. Finally, the magnitude and direction of these effects are radically different within and between the pillars of the Triad. While European firms do not appear to particularly benefit from both national and international sources of spillovers, US firms are mainly receptive to their national stock and Japanese firms take advantage from the international stock.<p><br>Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Lee, Shu-Yir. "Impact of cultural factors on transnational teams: Diversity, adaptation, communication quality, and trust." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3284.
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The present research proposes a general model of Transnational Teams (TNTs) to investigate how value placed on cultural diversity, cultural adaptation, communication quality, and trust affect the performance of TNTs and their interaction to each other. TNTs contribute to decisions about a firm's total portfolio of transnational interests, global brands and products, organizational configuration, and global sourcing strategy. Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in this study of thirty members of TNTs from diverse teams. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis, relationships between theory and practice are examined. The analysis shows that there is a strong relationship between trust and performance of TNTs.
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Janz, Nicole. "The impact of foreign direct investment on human rights and labour standards : an industry sector approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708829.
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Areff, Sameer. "Foreign direct investment by South African companies in the Peoples Republic of China : opportunities and risks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53431.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study addresses the topic of foreign direct investment in the People's Republic of
China (P.Re.) by South African companies, focusing on opportunities and risks in the
context of 'South-South Co-operation' between the P.RC. and South Africa. Relations
between the two developing countries have only been forged since January 1998 when
South Africa recognised the P.RC. government as the dejure representative of China.
With the Chinese market of 1.3 billion potential consumers proving to be a lucrative
opportunity for all international, multinational and transnational companies, it is
imperative for South African companies to gain a foothold in the Chinese market.
Therefore, entry requirements as well as impediments that could emerge have to be
scrutinised. Analysis of governmental relations currently being forged between the two
states is assessed as well as the wider context of 'Sino-Africa' co-operation. China's
recent entry into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has and will continue to have a
substantial effect on the international trading system. The implications of this for South
African companies is given considerable attention in order to highlight resulting
opportunities.
Apart from assessmg the current state of relations and identifying investment and
business opportunities, the study also focuses on the method of conducting business in
China which has highly complex rules and regulations for companies entering the P.RC.
An analysis of the different modes of entry is conducted, coupled with a focus on the
cultural sensitivities and norms that are associated with building relationships when
negotiating possible business partnerships. The study finally identifies potential risks that
foreign direct investors need to continually assess, namely, the transfer of political power
to a new generation of relatively young leaders, corruption that is spreading within China
and the restructuring of State Owned Enterprises (SOE's) and the inevitable consequence
of job losses.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie spreek die onderwerp van buitelandse direkte investering in die
Volksrepubliek van Sjina (VRS) deur Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye aan, en fokus op
geleenthede en risikos in die konteks van 'Suid-Suid samewerking' tussen die VRS en
Suid-Afrika. Betrekkings tussen die twee ontwikkelende lande is eers onlangs
gesmee nadat Suid-Afrika in Januarie 1998 die VRS as die dejure verteenwoordiger
van Sjina erken het.
Met In Sjinese mark van meer as 1.3 miljard potensiële verbruikers wat In
winsgewende geleentheid vir alle internasionale, multinasionale en transnasionale
maatskappye skep, is dit imperatief vir Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye om hulself in
die Sjinese mark te vestig. Dus moet toegangsvereistes asook moontlike hindernisse
noukeurig ondersoek word. Die studie doen 'n analise van betrekkings wat huidiglik
tussen die twee state se regerings gesmee word, en die breër konteks van
samewerking tussen Sjina en Afrika word ook geëvalueer. Die VRS se onlangse
toetrede tot die Wêreldhandelsorganisasie (WHO) het en sal aanhou om 'n wesenlike
impak op die internasionale handelsstelsel te hê. Daar word ook aansienlike aandag
geskenk aan die implikasies hiervan vir Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye om sodoende
geleenthede uit te lig.
Bo en behalwe 'n evaluering van die huidige stand van betrekkings en 'n identifisering
van beleggings- en besigheidsgeleenthede, fokus hierdie studie ook op die manier
waarop besigheid in Sjina onderneem word, wat uiters gekompliseerde reëls en
regulasies insluit vir maatskappye wat die land betree. 'n Analise van die verskillende
wyses van toegang is onderneem, tesame met 'n fokus op die kulturele sensitiwiteite
en norme wat 'n invloed op die bou van verhoudings tydens die onderhandeling van
moontlike besigheidsvennootskappe kan hê. Laastens identifiseer die studie
potensiële risikos wat buitelandse direkte beleggers voortdurend in ag moet neem,
naamlik die oordrag van mag na 'n nuwe generasie van relatief jong leiers, die
verspreiding van korrupsie, die herstrukturering van staatskorporasies en die
onvermydelike gevolge van werksverliese.
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Puk, Wing Kin. "Salt trade in sixteenth-seventeenth century China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670133.
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Wang, Xingmin. "Cross-cultural leadership by Chinese managers with their South African Xhosa-speaking employees." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21386.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Purpose. This study investigates how foreign-born Chinese managers in the Cape Town area
perceive their own leadership in a cross-cultural business situation, and compares these perceptions
with how the local South African Xhosa-speaking employees perceive the styles of their foreign
managers. The study is important because of the growing private investment in Africa by people
from China.
Approach. Ten small businesses owned and managed by Chinese nationals were studied: five
retail, two wholesale, one restaurant and two Chinese supermarkets. A Likert-type questiormaire
was created by operationalising 10 of the 19 aspects of cross-cultural leadership identified by
Suutari and Riusala (2001). These ten aspects are: decision participation, autonomy-delegation,
consideration, rewarding, informing, conflict management, production emphasis, criticizing, goal
setting, and inspiration. Each aspect had four questions associated with it.
The questiormaire was given individually to the ten managers and to 20 of their Xhosa-speaking
employees, two per business. It was followed by an open interview based mainly on the
questiormaire content. The questionnaire responses were analysed statistically, first to test for the
sameness of responses of the employees as well as the sameness of responses of the managers,
using the Sign Test. Responses of the two groups were compared for each aspect. Interview
responses were used to help interpret the numbers and formulate findings.
Findings. There are clear, statistically significant differences between the perceptions of the
managers' leadership style by the two groups on all ten of the aspects. The Chinese managers show
a similar leadership approach when interacting with their employees. The Xhosa-speaking
employees have perceptions similar to one another about their managers' leadership style. Thus a
disjunction is shown between the two culturally different groups. The responses of the Chinese
managers were analysed in light of the literature on Chinese culture, and in most ways they were
seen to be managing using a traditional Chinese-based style. In general, they make the decisions
and do the planning, do not delegate much, withhold infonnation, do not reward good performance,
and are not inspirational. However, they do tend to be kind.
Research limitations. The study compared only those two ethnic groups in a small geographic
area, with small sample sizes. It also studied reported perceptions. Further research could tty to
isolate just cultural differences, and focus more on leadership behaviours.
Practical implications. Acknowledgement of the local culture and perhaps use of a more
inclusive, less authoritarian management-leadership style seem important for existing and future
Chinese managers. Culturally-based management training can be offered for them and for
potential investors, to support future small business investors in South Africa and beyond.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel. Hierdie studie behels 'n ondersoek na hoe buitelands-gebore Sjinese bestuurders in
Kaapstad hulle eie leierskap beoordeel in 'n kruis-kulturele sake omgewing. Hierdie sienings
word dan vergelyk met die persepsies van hoe plaaslike Suid-Afrikaanse Xhosa-sprekende
werknemers die bestuurstyl van hulle buitelandse werkgewers beoordeel. Hierdie studie is
belangrik vanweë die toenemende private belegging in Afrika deur Sjinese burgers.
Benadering. Tien klein sake-ondememings wat deur Sjinese burgers besit en bestuur word, is
ondersoek: vyf in die kleinhandel, twee in die groothandel, een restaurant en twee Sjinese
supermarkte. 'n Likert-tipe vraelys is saamgestel deur die operasionalisering van 10 van die 19
aspekte van kruis-kulturele leierskap s00s deur Suutari en Riusala (2001) geïdentifiseer. Hierdie
tien aspekte is: besluit-deelneming, outonomie-delegasie, konsiderasie, beloning, inkennisstelling,
konflik-bestuur, produksie-beklemtoning, kritisering, doelsteIling-bepaling, en inspirasie. Elke
aspek is aan vier vrae gekoppel.
Die vraelys is aan elkeen van die tien Sjinese bestuurders gegee, en aan 20 van hulle
Xhosa-sprekende werknemers, twee per sake-ondememing. Dit is opgevolg deur 'n oop
onderhoud wat hoofsaaklik op die inhoud van die vraelys gebaseer was. Die antwoorde op die
vraelys is statisties ontIeed, eerstens vir die ooreenstemming van die antwoorde van die
werknemers, sowel as die ooreenstemming van die antwoorde van die bestuurders deur middle
van die "Sign" toets. Die antwoorde van die twee groepe is met mekaar vergelyk vir elke aspek.
Die terugvoering vanaf die onderhoude is gebruik om die getalle te interpreter en om resultate te
help formuleer.
Bevindings. Daar is helder, statistiese beduidende verskille tussen die beoordeling van die
bestuurders se leierskapstyl deur beide groepe wat betref al tien die aspekte. Die Sjinese
bestuurders toon 'n soortgelyke leierskap benadering wanneer hulle met hul werknemers omgaan.
Die Xhosa-sprekende wer1cnemers het onderling soortgelyke persepsies betreffende hul
bestuurders se leierskapstyl. Dus bestaan daar 'n uiteenlopende siening tussen die twee kulturele
groepe. Die beoordeling van die Sjinese bestuurders is ontleed in die lig van literatuur oor
Sjinese kultuur, en dit het geblyk dat hulle 'n tradisionele Sjinese bestuurstyl navolg. In die algemeen is daar bevind dat hulle die besluite neem en die beplanning doen, dat hulle nie veel
delegeer nie, dat hulle inligting weerhou, dat hulle nie goeie werkverrigting beloon nie, en dat
hulle nie werkers aanmoedig nie. Desniteenstaande is hulle goedhartig.
Navorsingsbeperkings. In hierdie studie is slegs twee etniese groepe in 'n klein geografiese
gebied, met klein steekproewe, ondersoek. Persepsies waaroor verslag gedoen is, is ondersoek.
In verdere navorsing kan daar probeer word om kulturele verskille te isoleer, en om op
leierskapsgedrag te fokus.
Praktiese implikasies. Erkenning van die plaaslike kultuur en miskien 'n meer insluitende,
minder outoritêre bestuurstyl blyk belangrik te wees vir bestaande en toekomstige Sjinese
bestuurders. Kultuur-gebaseerde bestuursopleiding kan vir hulle en voornemende beleggers
aangebied word om toekomstige klein sake-beleggers in Suid-Afrika en elders te ondersteun.
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Santos, Flávio Rosendo dos. "A influência política na gestão das empresas estatais à luz do direito fundamental à boa administração e da governança corporativa e pública." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1592.
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Este estudo dedica-se a explicar em que medida a influência política na gestão das empresas estatais pode ser considerada legítima à luz do direito fundamental à boa administração pública e da governança corporativa e pública, motivo pelo qual se empreendeu pesquisa bibliográfica e documental pautada no método dedutivo de trabalho, na qual foram investigados e apresentados conceitos e questões relativas ao Estado, governo, política, Administração Pública direita e indireta, princípios constitucionais da Administração Pública, direito fundamental à boa administração pública, governança corporativa e pública e empresas estatais. Com base nas premissas encontradas nas obras e legislações consultadas, foi possível concluir que a influência política na gestão das empresas estatais pode ser considerada legítima à luz do direito fundamental à boa administração pública quando promova o interesse público e o atingimento de finalidades públicas, com eficácia, eficiência e observância dos direitos dos cidadãos e dos princípios e regras que compõem o regime jurídico da Administração Pública; e pode ser considerada legítima à luz da governança corporativa e pública se, de forma transparente e conforme as normas pertinentes, busca propiciar não o benefício privado dos agentes políticos, mas a promoção do interesse público ou, em outras palavras, o incremento do valor público produzido por elas, sem deixar de proteger e garantir os direitos de seus stakeholders e shareholders.<br>This study is dedicated to explain the extent to which political influence in the management of state-owned enterprises can be considered legitimate in the light of the fundamental right to good governance and corporate and public governance, for which was undertaken bibliographical and documentary research guided by the deductive method of work, in which were investigated and presented concepts and issues relating to the State, Government, politics, Public Administration, constitutional principles of Public Administration, the fundamental right to good administration, corporate and public governance and state enterprises. Based on the assumptions found in the works and consulted laws it was possible to conclude that the political influence in state-owned enterprises management can be considered legitimate in the light of the fundamental right to good governance if it promotes the public interest and the public purposes achievement, effectively, efficiently and if it preserves the citizens' rights and the principles and rules that make up the legal framework for public administration; and can be considered legitimate in the light of corporate and public governance to the extent that, in a transparent manner and according to the relevant rules, it seeks not the private benefit of politicians, but to promote the public interest or, in other words, the increase of public value produced by them, while protecting and guaranteeing the rights of its stakeholders and shareholders.
30
Trevisan, Lino. "Interculturalidade no ambiente empresarial: relações entre brasileiros e estrangeiros na Volkswagen/Audi de São José dos Pinhais-PR." Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Paraná, 2001. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/175.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho foi motivado pelo interesse de pesquisar as relações interculturais entre trabalhadores brasileiros e estrangeiros numa empresa multinacional do setor automobilístico instalada na região metropolitana de Curitiba. A empresa selecionada para a realização da pesquisa de campo foi a Volkswagen/Audi instalada em São José dos Pinhais. A referida pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos funcionários no relacionamento intercultural e as estratégias utilizadas para superá-las. Sendo uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, optou-se pela realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas para a coleta de dados. Foram entrevistados quinze trabalhadores brasileiros e dez "expatriados" dos setores de produção e de administração. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico os conceitos de cultura, diversidade cultural, interculturalidade e cultura organizacional. Para melhor compreensão das representações dos dois principais grupos de entrevistados - brasileiros e alemães - fez-se também uma breve caracterização da cultura e da cultura organizacional brasileira e alemã. Na apresentação dos resultados da pesquisa, faz-se a exposição das representações dos brasileiros, depois dos expatriados, para em seguida analisá-las à luz do referencial teórico que fundamenta este trabalho, apontando semelhanças e diferenças nas representações dos dois grupos de entrevistados sobre suas relações interculturais na empresa. As representações foram agrupadas em blocos e organizadas em itens, nos quais foram reunidas as características mais reveladoras das opiniões mencionadas pelos entrevistados e que respondem ao objetivo deste trabalho. Portanto, inicia-se com algumas considerações de ordem geral, depois são apresentadas as dificuldades identificadas pelos funcionários no relacionamento intercultural, seguidas das estratégias utilizadas para superá-las. Finalmente apresenta-se as representações recíprocas do "nós" e "eles" manifestadas nas entrevistas pelos funcionários brasileiros e xpatriados. A discussão destas representações e tentativa de análise, por sua vez, é uma nova interpretação, feita pelo autor. Em síntese este trabalho é uma interpretação de interpretações.<br>This investigation started from an interest to study the intercultural relationships between Brazilian and foreign workers in an automobile multinational company located in the outskirt area of Curitiba. The company chosen to be the setting of the research was Volkswagen/Audi located in São José dos Pinhais. The objective of this investigation was to identify difficulties employees faced in the intercultural relationships and the strategies they used to overcome the problems. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data since this study was designed in a qualitative paradigm. Fifteen Brazilian workers and ten expatriates of the production sector and administrative department were interviewed. The concepts behind this study are the cultural, cultural diversity, intercultural relationships and organizational culture concepts. In order to better understand the representations of the two main groups interviewed - Brazilians and Germans - brief features of the culture and organizational culture of Brazil and Germany were raised. In the results of the research, Brasilian representations weere shown followed by the "expatriates". Afterwards, these representations were analyzed using the concepts which support this study showing similarities and differences of representations of the two groups interviewed concerning their intercultural relationsships in the company. The representations were grouped in blocks and organized in items, the most revealing characteristics of the opinions mentioned by the interviewees were reunited and which meets the objetive of this study. Therefore, in this investigation some general considerations were made, followed by the presentation of the difficulties identified by the employees in the intercultural relationships, and after that, the strategies used by the group to overcomme the problems. Finally, reciprocal representations of "we ant "they", which were found in the interviews of the two groups, were presented. The discussion of these representations and the attempt to analyze them is a new interpretation done by the researcher. In sum, this study is the interpretation of interpretations.<br>5000-11-25
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SELLING, Niels. "Unity or fracture : explaining political preference formation among large American, British, and German firms." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/55584.
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Defence date: 28 May 2018<br>Examining Board: Professor Pepper Culpepper, formerly EUI / University of Oxford (Supervisor) ; Professor Philipp Genschel, European University Institute ; Professor Mark Mizruchi, University of Michigan ; Dr. Stefano Pagliari, City University of London<br>This is a theses on political preference formation, which refers to the ways in which actors learn to prefer one political option over another. In political science, these actors are usually private citizens, in their role as voters, and it is easy to see that voting behavior will continue to dominate the research on political preferences. After the referendum that saw a majority of Britons in favor of leaving the EU and the American election of 2016, which brought Donald J. Trump to the White House, people now call for political scientists to spend the next few years trying to figure out how this could have possibly happened.1 It is a safe bet that political science journals will be filled to the brim with articles on the topic and that many, many hours in university classrooms will be devoted to discussions of Trumpism, authoritarianism, anti-immigrant sentiments, white backlash, et cetera. As important as this is, the road that this study travels takes a different turn. It heads away from elections and referendums – “electoral spectacles”, as Hacker and Pierson (2011, p. 86) call them – and instead takes aim at preference formation among large firms, the type of actor that, according to the same authors, truly shapes politics in the long run.
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Manning, Elizabeth Sophie Mary. "Local content and related trade policy: Australian applications / by Elizabeth S.M. Manning." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22073.
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Namkoong, Young. "Political economy of Korean multinational corportations a mercantilist approach /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26953842.html.
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Solís-Soberón, Mireya. "Exporting losers the political economy of Japanese foreign direct investment /." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44047558.html.
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Allende, Juan Agustin. "State enterprises and political environments Chile's National Copper Corporation /." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20555624.html.
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Koffman-Xaba, Amanda Rentia. "Corporate social responsibility in multinational corporations : the realities of emerging markets." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10491.
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M.Com. (Business Management)<br>The financial downturn in developed economies has led to South Africa and the rest of Africa’s economies to become increasingly attractive to foreign investors. The establishment of operations in an emerging market poses various challenges for multinationals, one of which is implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) effectively across all its subsidiaries. The objective of this study is to determine whether there are differences in expectations of CSR in a multinational organisation and CSR in its subsidiaries which operate in emerging markets. This will allow the multinational to assess whether its CSR strategy meets the expectations of all stakeholders. The study is focused on the financial services sector, specifically the banking industry. Through qualitative research methods, a case study research design approach was utilised to study CSR activities in a global bank and CSR experiences in its African subsidiaries. Data collected from research subjects through interviews was analysed using open, axial and selective coding procedures. The study concludes that there are definite gaps in CSR expectation between a multinational and its subsidiaries based in African emerging markets. Global CSR strategies may be applied consistently across a multinational’s subsidiaries, but failure to address core issues faced in an emerging market economy renders such strategies impractical.
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Ong-Giger, Kim. "The political economy of the semiconductor industry in Malaysia : the new international division of labour revisited." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144276.
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Chetty, Yogeni. "Analysis of South Africa's use of soft power strategies as a small state within BRICS." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40765.
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Small states are challenged with lower levels of influence than larger states and require special strategies to overcome these challenges. Multilateral organisations (“MLOs”) are often dominated by larger members who have traditionally been leaders of these organisations. Soft power strategies, through attraction and co-option, are viable alternatives for small states to gain influence within MLOs.
The aim of this research was to formulate a typology of soft power strategies and a framework which small states can use to gain influence within MLOs. A qualitative and exploratory study was conducted, which involved semi-structured interviews with six respondents. A multiple case study approach that analysed four countries within four MLOs was used.
The findings were that the greater the number of soft power sources possessed by a party, the greater the strength of such party’s soft power. It was inconclusive that open markets and open communication is better suited to using soft power. The common interest principle was found to be a necessary condition for the effective use of soft power. The overall finding was that soft power strategies are dependent on the strength of the soft power source and the type of context within which it is exercised. A framework was formulated for the use of soft power.<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>ccgibs2014<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
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Renwick, Neil. "Multinational corporations and Australia : the political economy of corporate-government bargaining relations." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123112.
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This study seeks to identify the nature of the bargaining relationship
between manufacturing multinational corporations and a host government, to
assess the distributive pattern of power and authority in such a relationship
and the independence of government policy-making, and to evaluate the viability
of the modern State in the contemporary international system.
These objectives are pursued through an examination of the Australian
Government's relationship with manufacturing multinationals. Particular
attention is given to the motor vehicles industry.
The study advances the propositions that (1) the balance of bargaining
power between manufacturing multinationals and host governments is to the
advantage of the governments in the initial stages and to the advantage of the
corporations in the mature stages of the relationship (2> the distribution of
power and authority at each stage of the relationship reflects the respective
power bases of the actors, the degree of mutual need and the international
context of the relationship and (3) the viability of the modern State is not
undermined by the operations of manufacturing multinationals.
The research suggests that <1) the manufacturing multinationals have an
initial bargaining advantage over host governments with the latter gaining the
advantage as the relationship matures (2) the weight of the respective power
bases, mutual need and international relations does support these dynamic
bargaining positions and <3) the viability of the modern State is not
compromised by the activities of manufacturing multinationals.
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Msutwana, Xolile. "Emerging economy resilience and vulnerability to adverse exogenous economic shocks: The case of Sub-Saharan Africa." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40773.
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The impact of the recent global financial crisis on the global economy has highlighted the level of integration of economies and the potential spillover effects as a result thereof. The implications are that the negative effects of the crisis can quickly spread to other economies through numerous transmission mechanisms. The response of developing or emerging economies to these unpredictable exogenous shocks becomes a topical issue. The concepts of economic vulnerability to and resilience against adverse exogenous shocks for emerging economies have since taken centre stage in many economic forums. Policy makers for emerging economies have come to the realisation that the increased economic vulnerability and a lack of economic resilience in their economies can erode the hard-fought-for gains in economic growth over the past decade and potentially harm their prospects as attractive destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI).
This research analysed the resilience and vulnerability of emerging economies against adverse shocks using the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region as a case. The research used previous literature on emerging economies’ vulnerability and resilience to formulate four hypotheses around the major overarching themes of vulnerability and resilience. Two hypotheses looked at two functions of vulnerability, i.e. trade openness and financial integration, and two functions of resilience, i.e. international reserves accumulation and economic concentration.
The findings of this research study were that SSA economies were vulnerable and not resilient against adverse exogenous shocks, and that few economies in the SSA region were prepared to successfully manoeuvre in an economic crisis. The structure of these economies inherently rendered these economies vulnerable. However, these economic structures also allowed the SSA region to achieve the high economic growth experienced during the past decade. The output of the methodology utilised in this research study resulted in a model that can be used to reduce the likelihood of an SSA economy being severely affected by an adverse economic shock.<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>ccgibs2014<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
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Young, Owen Australian Graduate School of Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "The internationalisation of financial services firms." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40634.
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Most financial institutions have not been successful at internationalisation, with some being remarkably unsuccessful. There are fewer occurrences of cross-border mergers and acquisitions than in most other industries. Foreign financial institutions tend to underperform relative to domestic financial institutions. Rugman and others have argued that their internationalisation primarily occurs at the regional rather than global level. Existing theories identify some barriers to firms? internationalisation, but these theories, were developed for manufacturing firms, and were rarely applied to financial services firms. This research seeks to identify barriers to financial institutions' internationalisation and contribute to the under-researched area of services internationalisation. To better understand the barriers to internationalisation, qualitative research techniques were used for an in-depth case-study analysis of one firm and its attempts at internationalisation, followed by detailed interviews of internationally experienced financial institutions executives from other firms. Finally, the apparent preference for regional over global expansion was investigated, through a quantitative analysis of over 12,000 cross-border, financial-services merger and acquisition transactions from 1990 to mid-2005. The research identified thirty-eight barriers to internationalisation, consistent with Rugman's findings on regional expansion, but also with the effects of similarity variables such as language, culture and legal system. The quantitative analysis tested these effects and found that the region effect was high, and was stronger than language and cultural effects individually, but about the same as their combined effect. The legal system similarity is not statistically significant when all effects are combined. This research contributes to this under-researched field. Given that internationalisation supports economic growth in the host and home countries, an improved understanding of these barriers may assist policy makers and enable managers to make better international investment decisions. The findings on the effect of geography versus other factors, such as language and culture, may inform managers' choice of target countries.
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Lakew, Yehualashet Demeke. "Determinants and impediments in the internationalisation process of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Ethiopia." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19216.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate internationalisation of Ethiopian SMEs by examining internal and external factors that motivate or restrict internationalization process and the impact of internal and external barriers on SMEs export performance. The small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) sector in Ethiopia is a significant group within the economy in terms of firm numbers and total employment. However, the SMEs sector’s share of exports is disproportionately small, which raised considerable research concerns. Firm export propensity and export performance were the dependent variables and export stimuli and barrier factors were used as explanatory variables. The study was conducted through mixed
research design. A questionnaire was administered to 90(36 exporting and 54 nonexporting) SMEs in Leather and Leather Products Industry in Addis Ababa selected through stratified random sampling. In order to complement survey results nine (4 exporting and 5 non-exporting) SMEs were selected through critical case purposive sampling and an in-depth interviews were conducted. Statistical package for the
social sciences (SPSS 20) was used to analyse the quantitative data whereas, qualitative data were analysed manually. Analytical techniques used were, Chisquare test of independence, Spearman rank order correlation, factor analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. The statistical
results of binary logistic regression analysis and chi-square tests indicated that managerial factors, internal marketing factors and foreign government related factors, firm ownership and size are the most significant motivators of SMEs internationalisation in Ethiopia. On the contrary the result showed that, logistics problem, insufficient finance, functional barriers, lack of export knowledge and information, procedural barriers and international trade barriers are the factors
hindering it. Further analysis was conducted to examine the impact of export barriers on performance of firms. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that, export barriers significantly and negatively affect export performance. The overall results revealed that explanatory variables used in the analysis significantly predict the dependent variable at 95% confidence level. Considering these results
numerous implications for theory, practice, and future research were
recommended. Finally, the study concluded that internationalisation of SMEs has to be encouraged by mitigating both internal and external barriers identified in this study.<br>Business Management<br>D. Admin. (Business Management)
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BRESKOVSKI, Vassil. "After the Cold War: Does international trade and financial law matter?" Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4581.
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Mahavadi, Ram Mohan. "The effect of regulations on insurance companies expanding to emerging markets." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40797.
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Recent Solvency and Assessment Management (SAM) Regulations that are being proposed are the bone of contention in the Insurance Industry. Industry leaders argue that the financial regulations in South Africa are being imposed on companies too rapidly, despite South Africa’s financial regulations being one of the best in the world. However, South Africa’s Insurance market growth has reduced substantially and has reached a point of saturation. Insurers are analysing the international marketplace for growth opportunities in their business. Huge opportunities in Africa and in other emerging economies of the world have lured the Insurance companies to expand their operations beyond South Africa, at the expense of their operations in developed economies.
These expansions, especially in unstable emerging economies come at a huge cost and carries inherent risks in moving to these territories. Qualitative exploratory research techniques were used to understand the link between the regulations and expansion plans to ascertain what the former has effect on the latter. Sixteen senior managers from the industry were interviewed, their responses analysed and results aggregated in this report.
The results expressed that the effect of SAM on insurance companies is varied. Some companies endure the burden in terms of huge costs of implementation and operation and restrict their expansion plans; while large insurance companies with huge balance sheets see no impact on their plans. The research further includes the effect on insurance companies of other regulations such as nationalisation, sovereign rating downgrades and perceived skills gap in the market and proposed a model around these regulations.<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>pagibs2014<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
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Methakullawat, Phongpob. "An assessment of the environmental performance of the foreign firms in Vietnam : evidence from the manufacturing sector." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150289.
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Ernpirical evidence on the environmental performance of foreign-owned firms has been mixed at best. Recent studies by Eskeland and Harrison (2003) and Elliott and Cole (2008) argue that foreign ownership is associated with superior environmental outcomes relative to the domestic counterparts. In contrast, others such as Pargal and Wheeler (1996) and Dasgupta et al (2000) indicate that no such positive relationship between foreign firms and the environmental outcomes exist in their studies. As a result, this thesis attempts to contribute to the existing literature and the FDI-environment debate.
This thesis investigates the environmental performance of foreign-owned firms in the manufacturing sector in Vietnam. It offers several additional insights into whether the environmental performance of foreign firms depend on a country of origin or export orientation. It also employs alternative environmental measures to determine whether environmental outcomes depend on the choice of the measures used in the analysis. To do so, this study employs the Vietnamese 2004 Enterprise Survey.
The study carefully considers several econometric challenges inherent in the data, namely the non-reporting and the zero-coded observations which present problems under the OLS estimator. Several candidate estimators are reviewed and the negative binomial pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator is found to be the best estimator amongst the candidate estimators. The estimation results reject the hypothesis that foreign-owned firms perform better environmentally compared to private domestic firms. In fact, foreign-owned firms in the manufacturing sector in Vietnam discharge around forty per cent more of the liquid waste per revenue.
I also employ two alternative environmental measures: expenditure on environmental protection and the adoption of waste treatment methods to determine whether the environmental outcomes might be dependent on the measures used in the analysis. Using the likelihood of adopting different treatment methods, the estimation results indicate that foreign firms are not more likely to adopt a treatment method relative to the private domestic firms. The results also indicate that environmental outlay by foreign firms is higher that of the private domestic firms. However, amongst the firms which reported positive outlay of environmental spending, foreign ownership does not imply more spending than the private domestic firms.
Since these results are contrary to some of the literature and some of the theoretical predictions, this thesis also examines whether particular subsets of foreign firms are responsible for the lack of a finding of foreign "greenness". I consider exporting versus non-exporting foreign firms, as well as North (developed countries) versus South (developing countries) foreign firms. The findings show that there is significant statistical difference between the exporting and the non-exporting foreign firms in that the exporting foreign firms discharge more liquid waste per revenue than the non-exporting foreign firms. However, even the non-exporting foreign firms are no better environmentally than their domestic counterparts. A simple model is also developed to explain these results as arising from a combination of trade, FDI and disposal costs leading to sorting of foreign firms according to their environmental performance. Lastly, perhaps the most surprising result, the South foreign firms are no more polluting than their North counterparts, and that the North foreign investors are at least as polluting as the similar domestic counterparts.
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Jogessar, Yashmee Bhana. "Cultural factors in the development of international projects: a case study of South Africa and Germany in the engineering/construction industry." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25504.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering (Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering), October 2017<br>The research was conducted to investigate the existing cultural factors that influence international
projects and whether project teams are aware of these dynamics. The research specifically focused on
South African and German project teams. One company from each country was chosen for the
investigation; namely Company SA (from South Africa) and Company GER (from Germany);
Company SA is Company GER’s subsidiary company. The project teams that were included for data
collection were working on the Medupi/Kusile coal-fired, new-build power stations. The
commissioning of these power stations is severely delayed.
A case study approach was utilised to collect data; and qualitative methods were incorporated. This
entailed conducting semi-structured interviews with six managers; two of which were based at
Company SA and four at Company GER, respectively; and participant observations at Company SA’s
and Company GER’s prefabrication workshops.
Cultural factors do exist in international projects and the project-specific ones were summarised for
the project relationship between the South Africans and Germans. Furthermore, the management level
is mindful of cultural factors; however, their employees are not consciously aware that the reasons for
their differences stem from cultural diversities. All managers also were of the opinion that
management of cultural factors do affect the successful outcome of projects.
Both companies have not provided their employees with a fixed technique or process on how to
manage and adapt in projects with variable cultures. Some recommendations were included regarding
methods to increase knowledge and manage an international project where there is cultural diversity;
including specifics to manage a South African and German project.<br>CK2018
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Pillay, Kaashni. "Determinants affecting inward foreign direct investment in the biomedical industry in South Africa." 2013. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001321.
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M. Tech. Business Administration<br>This study focuses on innovator biopharmaceutical companies (also known as biomedical companies) and aims to explore the reasons why such companies invest into South Africa. Biomedical FDI (foreign direct investment) is the type of FDI (foreign direct investment) that takes place in research, both basic and clinical research and development. It also aims to provide useful information and insights about biomedical investments into South Africa, as there is a dearth of publications in this area.
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Thupa, Moliehi Florence. "Expansion strategies of multinational corporations in African emerging economies." Diss., 2019. http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/25637.
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Text in English with abstract in English, Northern Sotho and Xhosa<br>This study investigated the determinants of expansion strategies that are adopted by MNCs that invest in African emerging economies. Literature suggests that expansion strategies have received little research attention, especially in the African context. Previous studies suggest that MNCs initiate their internationalisation process through exportation, and then explore other resource-committed expansion strategies (FDIs) at a later stage. A number of theories have been used to explain the behaviour and decisions of MNCs in this regard. One of the prominent theories in this regard is Dunning‘s OLI paradigm that has been the most influential and widely used, but this study was premised on internationalisation theory. For the purposes of this study, two expansion strategies of MNCs were identified as greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports. The study sampled six top African emerging countries rated by the stock size and volume of FDI inflow they had attracted. The study utilised the cross-sectional time-series data for period spanning 1996 to 2016. The data were accessed from statistical records of African Development indicators (ADI), a statistical arm of the World Bank. This quantitative research employed econometrics estimation technique to achieve its objectives, namely OLS regression. The study relied on Durbin-Watson statistics contained in ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to attend to issues of autocorrelation. To establish long run relationship, Johansen‘s cointegration approach was employed.<br>Thutelo ye e nyakišitše ditšhupo tša maano a katološo ao a amogetšwego ke dikhamphani tše di dirago dinageng tše ntši (diMNC) tšeo di beeleditšego ka go diekonomi tše di golago tša Afrika. Dingwalo di šišinya gore maano a katološo a filwe šedi ye nnyane ya dinyakišišo, gagolo kemong ya Afrika. Dithutelo tše di šetšego di dirilwe di šišinya gore diMNC di thome tshepedišo ya go oketša tiro ya feme boemong bja boditšhabatšhaba ka mokgwa wa kišontle, gomme ka morago di hlohlomiše maano a mangwe a katološo a boikemišetšo go fa ditlakelo le thušo tše di nyakegago go fihlelela dinepo tše di filwego tša feme nakong ye e tlo latelago. Diteori tše mmalwa di dirišitšwe go hlaloša mokgwa wa go dira le diphetho tša diMNC malebana le se. Ye nngwe ya diteori tše bohlokwa malebana le se, gape yeo e bego e le ye e nago le khuetšo ye kgolo gape e dirišitšwego ka bophara, ke dikgopolo ka ga ka moo dilo di šomago tša OLI go ya ka Dunning, eupša thutelo ye e begilwego bjalo ka matseno go teori ya kgodišo ya difeme gore di dire dinageng tše dingwe. Ka lebaka la morero wa thutelo ye, maano a katološo a mabedi a diMNC a šupilwe bjalo ka peeletšo thwi ge motho a hloma khamphani nageng e šele (FDI) le kišontle. Thutelo e tšeere dinaga tše tshela tša boemo bja godimo tšeo di golago tšeo di lekantšwego ka bogolo bja thoto le bolumo ya ditseno tša FDI tšeo di di tlišitšego. Thutelo ye e dirišitše tshedimošo yeo e hweditšwego ka go lemoga dinomoro tšeo di kgobokeditšwego dinakong tše di fapanego dinakong ka sebaka sa nako seo se lekanago pakeng ya nako ya 1996 go iša go 2016. Tshedimošo e hweditšwe go tšwa direkhotong tša Dipalopalo tša African Development Indicators (ADI), lekala la Dipalopalo la Panka ya Lefase. Nyakišišo ka go kgoboketša le go sekaseka datha yeo e hweditšwego methopong ye e fapanego e dirišitše dithekniki tša dipalopalo go kwešiša ditaba tša ekonomi le diteori tša teko go fihlelela maikemišetšo a yona, e lego tswalano go OLS. Thutelo e theilwe go Dipalopalo tša Durbin-Watson tšeo di lego ka tekanyo ya tswalano ka go fokotša palo ya go fapana ga disekwere gare ga dipalo tše di lemogilwego le tšeo di akantšwego go lebelela ditlhagišo tša nyalanyo Go hlola ditswalanyo tša nako ye telele, mokgwatebelelo wa Johansen wa tatelano ya dikhutlo tša datha ya dinomoro ka go latelana ga tšona o dirišitšwe<br>Esi sifundo siphande izinto ezilawula amacebo okwandisa enziwa ngamaqumrhu amazwe ngamazwe (MNCs) natyala imali kumazwe aseAfrika anoqoqosho oluntshulayo. Uluncwadi olukhoyo luthi amacebo okwandisa awanikwa ngqwalasela yaneleyo kuphando, ngakumbi kwiimeko zaseAfrika. Izifundo ezidluleyo ziveze ukuba iiMNCs ziyiqala ngokuthumela iimveliso zazo inkqubo yokufaka la mazwe kushishino lwamazwe ngamazwe. Emva koko zizama ukuncedisa ngezixhobo nemithombo yokusebenza njengecebo lokwandisa. Ziliqela iingcingane ezisetyenzisiweyo xa kuchazwa indlela yokwenza nezigqibo zeeMNCs ngalo mbandela. Enye yeengcingane eziphambili nesetyenziswe kakhulu kulo mba yekaDunning, neyaziwa ngokuba yiOLI paradigm, nangona esakhe isifundo sasisekele kwingcingane yokudibanisa amazwe ngamazwe. Kwesi sifundo kuchongwe amacebo okwandisa amabini asetyenziswe ziiMNCs. La macebo kukutyala ngqo imali nemithombo (greenfield foreign direct investment - FDI) nokuthumela iimveliso zazo kuloo mazwe. Esi sifundo sikhethe amazwe aseAfrika amathandathu naphambili xa kubalwa izinto anazo la mazwe, nomyinge wemali nezixhobo ezifakiweyo. Isifundo sisebenzise iinkcukacha ezingamaqela amanani anqumlezanayo (cross-sectional time-series data) kwixesha elisukela kunyaka we-1996 ukuya kowama-2016. Ezi nkcukacha zafunyanwa kwiingxelo ezigciniweyo zeZalathisi Zophuhliso LwaseAfrika (African Development Indicators - ADI), kwicandelo lezobalo kwiBhanki Yehlabathi. Olu phando lusekelwe kumanani, lusebenzise indlela yokusebenza ngokuqikelela nekuthiwa yieconometrics estimation technique ukuze siphumeze iinjongo zaso zobalo olwaziwa ngokuba yiOLS regression. Esi sifundo saxhomekeka kwizibalo zikaDurbin-Watson ezifumaneka kubalo lweordinary least squares (OLS) regression ukuze lujongane nemiba yokuzilungisa. Ukuze simisele ulwalamano oluqhuba ixesha elide, kwasetyenziswa indlela yokuhlanganisa iinkcukacha zikaJohansen.<br>Business Management<br>M. Com. (Business Management)
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Mkhabela, Mpumelelo Kansas. "South African foreign policy in Africa : the case of South Africa retail multinational corporations." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13860.
Full textAbstract:
The significant role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the international political
economy necessitates innovative ways to study their activities and relationships with
states. This study, therefore, analyses the foreign policy of the South African
government in Africa during President Thabo Mbeki’s administration – 1999 to 2008
– juxtaposed with the corporate diplomatic strategies of selected retail MNCs. The
MNCs – Shoprite Holdings Limited, Massmart Holdings Limited, Woolworths
Holdings Limited and Pick n Pay Holdings Limited – are treated as actors.
The study uncovers the nature and extent of coalescences and divergences of
strategies between the government and the MNCs. It also finds divergences
between government’s policy pronouncements and interests. For example, the
government’s plan to craft a code of good business practice is found to be in
conflicts with its support for multilateralism. The study lays the basis for a new
model to study diplomatic strategies of firms and governments.<br>Political Sciences<br>M.A. (International Politics)
50
Satchel, Sally Alexandra. "Cognition and value systems at a leadership level in a multinational organisation." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14178.
Full textAbstract:
Globalisation had a major impact on the way organisations operate. Access to information and innovative technology connote that organisational leaders need to make timely decisions while considering a range of rapidly changing variables. Leaders of global organisations need to make sense of complex information and anticipate the long-term outcomes of making different decisions. This requires highly developed cognitive skills. However, these are not the only factors influencing strategic decisions. Value systems also affect the choices organisational leaders make. Limited existing research has investigated the relationship between values and cognition within organisational leadership.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive complexity, cognitive processes and individual values at a senior management level in a multinational company. Cognition is explored in terms of cognitive processes and levels of work (as measured by the Cognitive Process Profile), and values are explored in terms of value systems (as measured by the Value Orientations questionnaire).
The study is based on a quantitative research design, where a sample of 265 executives, senior managers and directors employed at a multinational organisation completed the assessments. The empirical study (N = 265) yielded some weak, yet statistically significant, relationships between cognition and value systems among organisational leaders in a multinational organisation.<br>Industrial & Organisational Psychology<br>M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)