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KOSTA, BRUNILDA, and COLIN C. WILLIAMS. "EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF THE INFORMAL SECTOR ON THE GROWTH OF FORMAL SECTOR ENTERPRISES: LESSONS FROM ITALY." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 25, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946720500193.
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This paper evaluates the effect of unregistered and informal sector business ventures on the growth of formal sector enterprises. The hypotheses tested is that formal sector enterprises that have to compete against unregistered or informal sector business ventures suffer from lower levels of performance, measured by annual sales growth, annual employment growth and annual productivity growth. To evaluate this thesis, data is reported from a World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) of 760 enterprises in Italy collected in 2019. The finding is that formal sector enterprises that report competing against unregistered or informal sector business ventures have significantly lower annual sales growth and annual productivity growth than enterprises that do not. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications, along with the limitations of the study and future research required.
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Novak, Aleš, Majda Kokotec-Novak, and Nives Halužan. "Accounting Aspects of Reporting Business Relationships between Public Enterprises and Municipalities in Slovenia, Individual Comparisons with Italy and Austria, and International Guidelines." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 8, no. 3 (July 31, 2010): 265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/8.3.265-291(2010).
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Adequate accounting information is the foundation of an efficient public sector. As of 2010, the accounting aspect of business relationships between public enterprises and municipalities in Slovenia had to be redefined due to the abandonment of ‘assets under management’ reporting. The regulation recommending municipalities to hand over infrastructure to public enterprises in the form of an operating lease has resulted in the need for different accounting information on the part of the municipalities. Regarding the water sector of municipalities in Austria and Italy, the need for more comprehensive accounting information exists as well. Due to the application of New Public Management concepts, many countries have adopted or committed to adopt some variant of accrual accounting also for the public sector. The large-scale adoption of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (the IPSASs) would significantly enhance the international public sector comparability.
KEYWORDS: • accrual basis accounting • cash basis accounting • municipality • public enterprise • Slovenia • Italy • Austria
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Tanasiichuk, Alona, Svetlana Kovalchuk, Olha Hromova, Hryhorenko Inna, and Fedortsova Olena. "Evaluation of the Convergence of International Markets for Agricultural Enterprises of Ukraine under International Diversification Conditions." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p467.
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It is proposed the classification of indicators of convergence assessment of international markets for determining their marketing attractiveness for the enterprise, which includes absolute and relative indicators of measurement of general statistical data, evaluation of factors of production, information on products and services, dynamic indicators and convergence indicators used by enterprises for the search of new international markets. In the expert assessment of convergence indicators, the markets of foreign countries, the indicators of which are as close as possible to the Ukrainian economy, are distinguished, the result of the assessment allowed to draw conclusions about the marketing opportunities of domestic enterprises in the conditions of the export of goods to the markets of these countries. As the analysis of practical aspects of the functioning of agricultural enterprises and their associations results, a scientific and methodical approach to a comprehensive convergence of agricultural enterprises activities of Ukraine assessment under the conditions of international diversification has been developed. The proposed approach is based on the method of summing up the ranks to rank foreign markets according to the system of dynamic indicators application, which allowed to determine the marketing attractiveness of new international markets for the domestic enterprises activity in these markets and to assess their convergence. As the application of the proposed approach result, foreign markets have been identified which demonstrate favorable conditions for doing business on them, indicating the convergent conditions existence, which is a prerequisite for domestic agricultural enterprises to the markets of these countries release, and also determines the factors and criteria for making managerial decisions regarding realization of domestic agrarian enterprises activity under international diversification conditions. It is proved that the markets of Belgium, Italy, Ireland, Switzerland, and Japan have demonstrated favorable conditions for doing business with them, indicating a significant convergence of markets in these countries. It is determined that the markets of Greece and China are promising for domestic enterprises in the presence of opportunities to overcome a significant margin of discretion. Keywords: convergence, international diversification, international markets marketing attractiveness, convergence evaluation of international markets
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Corbetta, Guido. "Patterns of Development of Family Businesses in Italy." Family Business Review 8, no. 4 (December 1995): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00255.x.
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Italy is characterized by a considerable presence of small-, medium-, and even large-sized family businesses. After identifying four types of family businesses, this article analyzes three patterns of development: managerialization, the rise in the number of family partners, and the opening of the capital to nonfamily partners. The article, based on empirical research involving almost seventy Italian enterprises of various sizes, aims at informing an international audience of the state of the art of family businesses in Italy.
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Festa, Giuseppe, Matteo Rossi, Ashutosh Kolte, and Mario Situm. "Territory-based knowledge management in international marketing processes – the case of “Made in Italy” SMEs." European Business Review 32, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-06-2019-0129.
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Purpose This study aims to analyze the territory as a distinctive factor through which the concept and practice of “Made in Italy” operates. Specifically, the study considers the role of local and sub-national entrepreneurial collaborations that preserve and enhance factors such as history, style and talent as the essence of Italian “quality” and as the pillar of Italian territorial capitalism. Design/methodology/approach The research examines this Italian phenomenon by investigating small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that successfully compete abroad (and also in the domestic market) with a “glocal” approach, adopting the entrepreneurial formula of industrial districts. Findings The results indicate that international expansion is becoming increasingly more complex (as is every growth/development strategy) but that “glocalism” could represent a potential driver for the success of internationalization strategies. Specifically, for SMEs operating in industrial districts, territorial capitalism could emerge as a unique competitive factor, because it is a component of local structural capital and global reputational capital, as in the case of “Made in Italy.” Originality/value In an increasingly globalized market environment, many companies look to foreign markets to maintain and expand competitive advantage and business performance. Once the companies embark on this endeavor, organizations are involved in governing and managing these networks of finance, production and communication and the distribution-related relationships that constitute globalization. The push to engage in international development is currently imperative for SMEs, which need to extend their business engagement beyond conventional local markets and identify and exploit their distinctive competitive advantage to be able to succeed. One possible way of achieving this is the close interaction with the local territories in which these enterprises reside.
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Xie, En, and K. S. Redding. "State-owned enterprises in the contemporary global business scenario: introduction." International Journal of Public Sector Management 31, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-01-2018-0015.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the special issue on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the contemporary global business scenario. Against the theoretical background of and the invited themes for the special issue, the paper presents a summary of key findings and practical implications of the accepted papers and suggests future research directions. Design/methodology/approach The paper is conceptual, which organized through utilitarianism or legitimism; SOEs scenario 1 – hungry fox, hunting bears; SOEs scenario 2 – dancing elephant, flying bears; what do we know and what we wish to explore; what have been examined; what we need to study further; closing note by bears’ well-wishers; and protocol of the special issue. Findings By deeply looking into emerging economies (China, India), developed economies (Denmark, Italy, Sweden), transition economies (Tunisia) and diverse sectors (public transport, space), coupled with cross-country sample data, the nine accepted papers have discussed several interesting findings and recommended numerous implications for the policymakers and SOEs’ managers. Drawing upon the interdisciplinary literature, empirical and qualitative papers would deepen the understanding of the growth strategies and performance of SOEs, and the application of management theories such as institutional theory, agency theory, social exchange theory, managerial grid theory, incomplete contracts theory and public governance view, among others. The issue also brings a review-cum-citation analysis paper on the impact of privatization on the performance of SOEs. Originality/value The papers have made unique contributions to the public economics, new public management, international business and organizational development literature by critically analyzing the burgeoning phenomenon of the changing dynamics and globalization of SOEs.
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Rabino, Samuel, Christian Simoni, and Lorenzo Zanni. "Small & Medium Gold & Fashion Enterprises (SMEs) in Arezzo, Italy: Competitive Challenges and Strategic Implications." Journal of Global Marketing 21, no. 2 (June 11, 2008): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08911760802135525.
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Spadavecchia, Anna. "Building Industrial Districts: Do Subsidies Help? Evidence from Postwar Italy." Business History Review 94, no. 2 (2020): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000768051900117x.
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The “historical alternatives” approach calls for research into the role of national institutions and public policies in the resilience or decline of industrial districts. Policies in support of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were launched in various Western economies in the second half of the twentieth century. This article focuses on the paradigmatic Italian case and investigates the importance of government subsidies for SMEs on firms located in a southern and a northeastern district, between 1971 and 1991. This discussion deepens our understanding of the role of national policies in the reemergence of industrial districts in the decades of the Second Industrial Divide. It also indicates the importance of firms’ utilization of subsidies and their ecosystem as complementary to the policy's effectiveness.
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Gherardi, Silvia, and Manuela Perrotta. "Daughters taking over the family business." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 8, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-11-2014-0044.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore gender and legitimacy in family business succession. Design/methodology/approach – Within the theoretical framework of French pragmatic sociology, the authors conceptualise the family business as the locus where two regimes of engagement are present, generating the co-presence of two orders of worth, namely the domestic and the industrial. Taking a processual approach to entrepreneuring, and using case studies of small enterprises in Italy, this paper explores the case of daughters taking over the family firms. Findings – The paper shows how the daughters’ perceived gender inequality in the succession process is justified and how the justification work and the production of legitimacy are accomplished, shifting from one order of worth to the other. Originality/value – The value of the contribution consists in pointing to how gender inequality is reproduced and justified inside the family business. The dual regime of engagement is what justifies the reproduction of a specific gender regime within the family business. Moreover, the paper adds a “gender” perspective to French pragmatist sociology.
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Rose, Alessandra De, Filomena Racioppi, Pietro Checcucci, Maria Felice Arezzo, and Corrado Polli. "The Workforce Aging and Challenges for Policy and for Business. The Case of Italy." Review of European Studies 11, no. 4 (November 14, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n4p60.
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Across Europe, the working age population is decreasing and aging. In this study, with reference to Italy, we analyze the main demographic trends underlying these processes. By using data from the continuous Labor Force Survey, we show the effects of the overall population dynamics on workforce age structure and its composition by professional activities and economic sector. We argue that the observed changes in the labor market are only partially due to demographic trends since they are strictly intertwined with the rigidity of the Italian economic system. We then illustrate the results of two sample surveys conducted among large and small-medium Italian enterprises, respectively. The main result is that the Italian businesses are moderately aware of the aging process of their human resources, and only a few are worried about it. Only few larger companies are actively implementing strategies of age management in order to cope with the issue. Finally, we discuss the implications for the policy of the above results, also in the light of recommendations from the international organizations.
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Manfrellotti, Stefania. "Longevità e capacità di resilienza delle imprese familiari nella provincia di Salerno fra XX e XXI secolo = Longevity and resilience of family firms in the province of Salerno between the 20th and 21st century." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 18 (June 30, 2014): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i18.1642.
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<p>La provincia di Salerno ha rappresentato, nella seconda metà del Novecento, una delle realtà più rilevanti del Mezzogiorno d’Italia sotto il profilo industriale. Nel secondo dopoguerra l’industria nell’area salernitana visse un’intensa crescita, soprattutto grazie agli aiuti per il Mezzogiorno. Rispetto alle altre aree del Sud Italia, non vi furono grandissimi stabilimenti siderurgici, metalmeccanici e petrolchimici ma vi fu un movimento vivace di piccole e medie industrie soprattutto nel settore manifatturiero. Tra gli anni Settanta e Ottanta le crisi nazionali e internazionali segnarono il passo dell’economia italiana e più in generale di tutte le economie occidentali. Nella provincia di Salerno le fabbriche statali, quelle appartenenti a multinazionali estere o alle grandi imprese del settentrione furono le più colpite dalla crisi. Al contrario molte aziende locali riuscirono, sebbene con momenti di incertezza, ad avere un ciclo di sviluppo ininterrotto. Si tratta principalmente di imprese familiari, create e gestite da imprenditori salernitani, espressione del territorio, della cultura, delle tradizioni, che hanno saputo trarre dal contesto locale le energie e spesso le risorse per puntare all’eccellenza. Ancora oggi, sebbene quarant’anni di legislazione speciale per il Mezzogiorno non siano bastati a mettere in moto uno sviluppo duraturo e soprattutto autonomo delle imprese meridionali, lo sviluppo industriale meridionale è legato alle piccole e medie attività imprenditoriali operanti soprattutto nel settore manifatturiero. Tra le diverse esperienze di capitalismo locale e familiare di quest’area del Mezzogiorno si è scelto di analizzare una delle realtà imprenditoriali più longeve della provincia salernitana: il sistema di imprese della famiglia Di Mauro di Cava de’Tirreni. Dalla fine dell’Ottocento, la famiglia ha saputo affermare, espandere e reinventare la propria attività nel campo della tipografia, dell’editoria, e della cartotecnica, passando indenne per le difficili congiunture del ’900, e giungendo a essere attualmente una realtà di punta nel tessuto imprenditoriale del Mezzogiorno.</p><p>In the second half of the twentieth century, the Salerno province represented one of the most important industrial reality of the southern Italy. After Second World War, the Salerno province industry lived an intense growth, mainly thanks to the aids for the southern Italy. There were not many steelworks, petrochemical and engineering mills, compared to other areas of the southern Italy, but there was a lively movement of small and medium industries, especially in manufacturing. Among the seventies and eighties the national and international crisis damaged the Italian economy and also other Western economies. In the Salerno province, the state enterprises, those belonging to the foreign multinationals or the great enterprises of the northern Italy, were the worst hit by the crisis. On the other hand, although with uncertainty, many local enterprises managed to have a continuous development. They were mainly family businesses, created and managed by the Salerno province entrepreneurs, expression of the territory, the culture, the traditions that have been able to take energy from the local context and the resources to aim at the excellence.</p> <p>To this today, though forty years of special legislation for the southern Italy are not enough to launch a continuous development and in particular an independent development of the southern enterprises, the industrial development of southern Italy is linked to small and medium enterprises, especially in the manufacturing sector. Among the several experiences of local and family capitalism of the southern Italy, I have chosen to analyze one of the entrepreneurial reality more long-running of the Salerno province. It is the system of enterprises of the Di Mauro family from Cava de’Tirreni. Since the end of nineteenth century, the Di Mauro family was able to establish, expand and reinvent its business in the field of printing, publishing, and converting industry, passing unscathed to the difficult junctures of the twentieth century, and now coming to be very important in the business of the southern Italy.</p>
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Scuotto, Veronica, Elisa Arrigo, Elena Candelo, and Melita Nicotra. "Ambidextrous innovation orientation effected by the digital transformation." Business Process Management Journal 26, no. 5 (December 3, 2019): 1121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-03-2019-0135.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new perspective on ambidextrous innovation orientation looking at how the current digital transformation is accepted in the fashion industry in Italy. Precisely, the objective of the paper is to test whether the use of social media platforms positively influences ambidextrous innovation orientation in fashion companies. Design/methodology/approach Empirical quantitative research was carried out on a sample of 853 small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the fashion industry in Italy. Using a logistic regression methodology, four hypotheses were tested to verify the correlation of four dimensions of social media platforms with an ambidextrous innovation orientation among fashion firms. Findings The four hypotheses were validated: the structural dimension, the relational behaviour dimension, the cognitive dimension and knowledge transfer practices of social media platforms were proven to positively influence ambidextrous innovation orientation in fashion firms. Research limitations/implications Though this is one of the few research studies that offers a quantitative analysis in this field, it could be further developed, for instance by extending the sample of firms to SMEs operating in other countries or by comparing multinationals with SMEs. Originality/value This paper provides an original contribution to studies on the use of social media to promote ambidexterity in firms, which has only been studied to a limited extent in the extant literature. From this perspective, the originality of the study is further strengthened by the unique context of analysis, namely, the fashion industry in Italy.
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Al Shawwa, Haya, Elisabetta Maini, and Lucio Poma. "Industry 4.0 and big data: role of government in the advancement of enterprises in Italy and UAE." International Journal of Business Performance Management 21, no. 3 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbpm.2020.10029543.
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Poma, Lucio, Haya Al Shawwa, and Elisabetta Maini. "Industry 4.0 and big data: role of government in the advancement of enterprises in Italy and UAE." International Journal of Business Performance Management 21, no. 3 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbpm.2020.108317.
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Scarlato, Margherita. "Social Enterprise and Development Policy: Evidence from Italy." Journal of Social Entrepreneurship 3, no. 1 (March 2012): 24–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2012.659675.
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Pietro, Previtali, Zatti Andrea, and Scarozza Danila. "Public owned enterprises in Italy: A hybrid nature for a hybrid regime of over -compliance." African Journal of Business Management 12, no. 6 (March 28, 2018): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajbm2017.8472.
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Pastore, Patrizia, Antonio Ricciardi, and Silvia Tommaso. "Contractual networks: an organizational model to reduce the competitive disadvantage of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Europe’s less developed regions. A survey in southern Italy." International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 16, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 1503–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11365-019-00616-2.
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AbstractLimitations faced by southern Italy’s small enterprises due to their dimensions may be overcome by cooperation strategies and network contracts. The international literature has highlighted that effectively governed business networks appear to more successfully allow partner firms to improve their economic performance and survive over time. This paper combines qualitative and quantitative analyses to test the above hypothesis. It also analyses the performance of southern Italian firms that have joined business network contracts equipped with legal personality — the so called “reti soggetto” or “heavy contractual networks” (HCNs) — compared to firms participating in business networks based only on contractual agreements, devoid of legal personality—the so called “reti contratto” or “light contractual networks” (LCNs). Our findings demonstrate that only 13% of all registered business networks are in fact operative. Among the networks with legal personality, approximately 28% are active networks. A similar trend was observed for network contracts devoid legal personality: only 11% are truly active. Performance measures (including profitability, financial situation indicators, and debt sustainability) also differ for firms belonging to HCN, compared to those belonging to LCN, in the years following the subscription of the network contract. Empirical analysis suggests that HCNs have significant positive effects on the performance of participant firms. We thus propose to verify the conditions that strengthen business networks in the south of Italy. We also recommend promoting the establishment of networks with juridical subjectivity. Such networks can be effective tools to strengthen the competitiveness of SMEs despite external diseconomies, which can markedly improve their creditworthiness.
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Musso, Fabio, and Barbara Francioni. "International strategy for SMEs: criteria for foreign markets and entry modes selection." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 21, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-10-2013-0149.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the internationalization of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in regard to the international market selection (IMS) and entry mode selection (EMS) processes. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this, an examination of the degree of systematic/active behaviour during IMS and EMS on a sample of 221 SMEs was conducted. Moreover, the paper sought to comprehend whether SMEs select foreign market and entry mode in a separate and sequential way, and whether there is a relationship between the sequentiality of IMS and EMS, on one side, and SME behaviour during these two processes, on the other side. Findings – Results revealed that SMEs have a non-systematic and passive behaviour during IMS and EMS, respectively. Moreover, a high predilection in performing the two processes contemporaneously or without any logic was found. Finally, a strong relation between sequentiality of IMS and EMS and degree of systematic and active behaviour during the processes existed. Originality/value – In this study, using a sample of SMEs located in a region of Italy, SME behaviour in the IMS and entry mode choice processes was tested.
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Reichardt, Dagmar. "PUT IT ON OR : USE IT AND ENJOY ! THE TRANSCULTURAL AND SYNERGIZING HISTORY OF ITALIAN FASHION AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN." Culture Crossroads 19 (October 11, 2022): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol19.36.
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Among the three international fashion hubs Paris, Milan, and New York that have dominated fashion production since the 20th century, Italian fashion stands out through its transcultural Italophony. Since the historic beginnings of the West, the development of fashion, taste and etiquette in modern Italy plays both culturally and historically a key role in European politics, economics, literature, fine arts, music and theatre. This applies also to Italian design, which is – like fashion – a powerful nonverbal language in cultural, aesthetical and economic terms, expressing a unique and life-affirming sociological habitus. This essay intends to pinpoint the outstanding impact of taste, fashion and design originating from Italy and perceivable all over the world on a transcultural and transdisciplinary level. Starting with antiquity and Renaissance, both disciplines enter a period of prosperity and success during the golden 1950s and 1960s, supported by the rise of Cinecittà, family business structures and crafts enterprises. In early postmodernity, a shift takes place from Alta Moda to Pronto Moda, from fashion as art to popular, serial industrial ready?to?wear, and a complex reciprocal synergetic effect builds up between the fashion and design brands. Both sectors are equal in terms of international influence and versatility, both are associated complementary to each other, and both disseminate a new standard of shapeliness, elegance and peachiness in the whole country as well as on a transnational scale.
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Fedele, Alessandro, and Raffaele Miniaci. "Do Social Enterprises Finance Their Investments Differently from For-profit Firms? The Case of Social Residential Services in Italy." Journal of Social Entrepreneurship 1, no. 2 (October 2010): 174–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2010.511812.
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Ciravegna, Luciano. "Forms of enterprise in 20th century Italy. Boundaries, structures and strategies." Business History 53, no. 3 (June 2011): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2011.563556.
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Camanzi, Luca, and Carlo Giua. "SME network relationships and competitive strategies in the agri-food sector." European Business Review 32, no. 3 (January 10, 2020): 405–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-08-2019-0150.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the main factors influencing agri-food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) participation in business networks and to evaluate the impacts of these factors on network structure and the ensuing competitive strategy. Design/methodology/approach The study is articulated in four main steps. First, a critical literature review is conducted concerning the main approaches to firm competitive advantage and the role of stakeholder relationships. Then, three research questions are formulated and discussed in the light of two case studies describing the implementation of an innovative contractual solution in Italy (i.e. business network contracts). Finally, based on these findings, a set of more general “propositions” are stated and included in a provisional conceptual model that schematically depicts an integrated vision of the antecedents and mechanisms influencing SMEs business network structure and competitive strategy. Findings The study results pointed out the opportunity to adopt an integrated approach, combining resource-based view and stakeholder causal scope approaches. The provisional conceptual model proposed illustrates the role of both external and internal resources and relational constructs to shaping network structure and competitive strategy. Originality/value The study’s contribution is twofold. First, the empirical study shed light on opportunities and limits of two business networks with different backgrounds, approaches and outcomes towards value creation. Second, the conceptual framework proposed advances our understanding and knowledge of the factors and mechanisms influencing SMEs business network structure and competitive strategy.
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Antonazzo, Luca. "Narratives of cooperation, resilience and resistance: workers’ self-recovery in times of crisis." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 9/10 (September 9, 2019): 851–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2019-0064.
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Purpose Worker-recuperated enterprises have appeared in Europe with increasing frequency since 2008, following the Great Recession that hit the western economies. The purpose of this paper is to depict the phenomenon of worker-recuperated enterprises in Italy, focusing on two different types of business recovery, that of workers buyouts and that of recovered social spaces. The paper compares these on the basis of four analytical dimensions: resilience/resistance, relationship with the market, relationship with the territory and workplace democracy. Design/methodology/approach The corpus of the research is based on the cross-sectional analysis of workers’ narratives. These were collected, within a small sample of theoretically relevant cases, in order to retrace and analyse the path from the crisis of the former companies to establishment of the workers’ cooperatives and their social and economic features. Findings The collected narratives allowed for a multi-level comparison between different types of worker-recuperated enterprises, providing some insights on their emergence, their features in terms of resilience and resistance, their relationship with the market economy and their outcomes in terms of workplace democracy and support to employment. Originality/value Worker buyouts are gaining ground in Europe as an effective mechanism to oppose the fall of the employment rate in consequence of economic crises. This research intends to offer some data and arguments to the current international debate on the effectiveness of these mechanisms in coping with economic shocks and opening up to a sustainable and cooperative work-driven economy.
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Köhr, Christopher Karl, Giulio Malorgio, and Maurizio Aragrande. "Exploring determinants of internationalisation: the case of late starters." International Journal of Wine Business Research 29, no. 2 (June 19, 2017): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-05-2016-0015.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of internationalisation among late starters in the wine sector. Strategic implications for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a young wine producing region are derived based on the findings. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a quantitative survey among 38 wineries that are engaged in export activity in the Romagna wine producing area (Italy). Both multivariate analysis of cardinal company data through multiple and fractional regression models as well as nonparametric analysis of Likert-type survey elements were carried out. Findings The study identifies several determinants that affect the export intensity of businesses in the sample: Resources within the business turn out to be important, as well as the choice of distribution partners. Characteristics of exported goods were found to differ on comparing intra- and extra-EU exports. Practical implications Competitiveness in the international marketplace is closely linked to the product quality, distribution network and productivity of a firm. Regional networks can help businesses to develop these factors, overcome export barriers and strengthen the competitiveness of a region as a whole. Originality/value This study investigated the determinants of internationalisation in a wine producing region which is considered a late starter of internationalisation in the wine industry and it is the first one spotlighting on a regional firm-level in the Italian wine industry.
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Zhezhova, Silvana, Sonja Jordeva, Sashka Golomeova-Longurova, Stefan Maksimov, and Vanga Dimitrijeva-Kuzmanoska. "The development of textile industry in Shtip." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 4 (2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2104014k.
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The city of Shtip is the main garment production center in the Eastern part of the Republic of North Macedonia. The textile industry participates with 70% in the total achievements of the industry in the Municipality. There are over 60 companies for production of clothes in Shtip, and among their most important partners are Germany, Italy, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands. Most of the clothing companies are organized as small or medium enterprises for production of casual clothes such as shirts, blouses, etc., which operate on the basis of the "LON" (LOHN) production system.
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Colapinto, Cinzia, Laura Gavinelli, Mariangela Zenga, and Angelo Di Gregorio. "Different approaches to the pursuit of internationalization by Italian SMEs." Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship 17, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrme-11-2014-0030.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to analyse why Italian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) pursue internationalization (current and future entry modes, motivations, advantages and difficulties) and how they go about it, with reference to four key areas: innovation and technology, networking, environmental approach and human resource (HR) competences. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was distributed to 792 enterprises with a response rate of 24.37 per cent. Data were collected using the computer assisted web interviewing (CAWI) method and processed with Rasch analysis, Principal Components Analysis and Cluster analysis methods. Findings – The paper presents the results of a quantitative research on SMEs located in the Province of Monza and Brianza – one of the most productive territories in Italy. Four different clusters emerged with specific approaches. Briefly, this paper points out that: innovation is mostly linked to the product and is incremental; HR and their competences are crucial for facing complex markets; the green issue is not dominant (it is considered only for saving energy and reducing cost production); and networking is not a key issue (except informal relations, contractual agreements and strategic alliances). Research limitations/implications – The research could be extended: through a longitudinal survey on the same sample; by covering different territories on the same topics. The cluster analysis identifies potential guidelines for entrepreneurial behaviour in respect to key factors for exiting from the economic and financial crisis: innovation and technology, formal and informal networks, the “green” approach, HR training. Originality/value – This paper presents a new interdisciplinary approach that may work beyond country boundaries, providing a new basis to the debate on the internationalization of SMEs.
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Caiazza, Rosa, and Tiziana Volpe. "Interaction despite of diversity: is it possible?" Journal of Management Development 34, no. 6 (June 8, 2015): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-10-2013-0131.
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Purpose – Italy is traditionally one of Egypt’s main trading partners, ranking first both as import and export partner. However, Italian firms face several cultural problems in Egypt. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of cross-cultural differences faced by Italian firms’ operating in Egypt. The investigation of cross-cultural differences is facilitated by the examination of interaction between Italian and Egyptian culture using Hofstede and GLOBE’s cultural attributes and dimensions. Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative analysis has been conducted through face to face interviews of individuals working for Italian firms operating in Egypt. These interviews were structured to specifically identify the impact of cultural differences on the interaction between Italian and Egyptian firms. Findings – The results show that Italy is one of the most important commercial partners of Egypt. However, cultural diversity results in Italian small and medium enterprises facing risks when operating in Egypt. Cultural distance is a problem for Italian firms investing in Egypt. Thus, interaction between Italian and Egyptian firms requires a common understanding of cultural diversity. Italian firms must develop an understanding of Egyptian culture if they are to avoid cultural clash. Egyptian policy-makers must adopt policies that open national culture to international interactions. Research limitations/implications – The paper is based on a sub-set of the cultural attributes identified in Hofstede and GLOBE’s study. The results presented in this paper may be complimented through a future quantitative analysis, evaluating the relationship between religious values and other cultural dimensions. Originality/value – This paper provides an insight into the interaction between Italian and Egyptian culture. It contributes to the extant literature by filling a gap in the existing literature on cross-cultural diversity and interaction between Europe and Middle East.
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SPAGNOLI, PAOLA, SUSANA C. SANTOS, and ANTONIO CAETANO. "ADAPTATION OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD ENTERPRISE TEST IN THE ITALIAN HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY CONTEXTS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 22, no. 01 (March 2017): 1750005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946717500054.
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The development of sound evidence-based entrepreneurial potential assessment tools is particularly recommended to foster entrepreneurship and to evaluate specific entrepreneurial training initiatives in schools and universities. The present study is aimed at examining construct, convergent and discriminant validity of the Attitude Toward Enterprise test (ATE test) in Italy. Configural and measurement invariance were conducted for testing construct validity using Structural Equation Modeling on three groups of students: high school; university undergraduate; and university postgraduate. Correlational and reliability analyses were conducted to test convergent, discriminant and consistency of the scale. Results show that the Italian version of the scale is a valuable tool for research and practical purposes in Italy. Limitations and suggestions for further research are also discussed.
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Rija, Maurizio, and Franco Ernesto Rubino. "The Internal Control Systems Integrated into the Various Profiles of Governance, Audit, Risk and Compliance." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 5 (March 29, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n5p21.
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It is necessary to distinguish the internal controls from external ones: the former are the responsibility of the appropriate bodies and business functions belonging to the organization of the companies, while the latter are exercised by subjects who fall outside the company and the functional structure of the company (audit company, Consob, Bank of Italy, etc.). In recent decades there have been several scandals that have hit large enterprises, also Italian ones, which have increased interest in the issue of corporate governance and in the inefficiencies presented in internal corporation controls (Munroa & Stewart 2011). Enhancing the effectiveness of controls, in particular the internal ones, has become a need increasingly felt by international and national legislators. Internal controls are an essential tool to achieve business goals (operating constantly in terms of efficiency and effectiveness), and at the same time to avoid wastage of resources, to safeguard corporate assets, producing accounting information and reliable management, to observe the strategies, the policies and the corporate procedures and, especially, to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. in this work, it will discuss, in the italian context, the role of the board of directors and the board of statutory auditors within the (SCIGR) System of Internal Control and Risk Management (Jaggi, Allini, Manes Rossi, & Caldarelli, 2016). Moreover, the study moves the analysis to other corporate figures well determined and in constant evolution, including the head of internal audit, the activity of compliance, the supervisory body ex D.Lgs.231/2001 and the manager in charge of drafting corporate accounting documents.
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Ibrahimov, Zohrab, Sakina Hajiyeva, Vuqar Nazarov, Azar Mazanov, and Jalil Baghirov. "Quality and Innovations in the Financial Reporting as a Way to Increase Attractiveness for Institutional Investors." Marketing and Management of Innovations 2, no. 1 (2022): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.2-22.
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At the present stage of global development there is a transition from understanding the financial statements of enterprises not only as a source of quantitative indicators of the company's development but also as a reputable tool for its reliability and readiness for transparent relations with counterparties. Investment decision-making has always been characterized by balancing profitability and reliability of capital investment. Accordingly, this requires increasing emphasis on the quality and complexity of companies' financial reporting, allowing you to maximize the amount of information provided to potential investors. The article aims to test the hypothesis about the impact of qualitative characteristics of financial reporting on the attractiveness of companies to investors. The study analyzes the evolution of financial reporting, the causes and consequences of innovative approaches to its preparation, and the dissemination of national and international standards. The second stage of the analysis involves modeling the impact of financial reporting and investment attractiveness of enterprises at the national level through economic and mathematical modeling (the specificity of the model is determined by testing the quantitative input data). According to the results of the study of financial reporting quality indicators, the general parameter is the strength of auditing and reporting standards, which the World Economic Forum assesses based on a survey of business leaders. Indicators of the country's investment attractiveness calculated by the World Bank's global statistical base were chosen as dependent variables. Calculations are performed on panel data for a sample of more than 20 countries (Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Estonia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Morocco, Mexico, Mongolia, New Zealand, Romania, Turkey, United States) over ten years. The obtained results of calculations are the basis for finding ways to improve further the quality of financial and nonfinancial disclosure of companies to increase their competitiveness in the investment market.
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Dal Mas, Francesca, and Paola Paoloni. "A relational capital perspective on social sustainability; the case of female entrepreneurship in Italy." Measuring Business Excellence 24, no. 1 (November 17, 2019): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-08-2019-0086.
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Purpose Female entrepreneurship has been part of the political agenda internationally. Public entities should promote entrepreneurship in general, and female entrepreneurship in particular, with dedicated resources and programs. Female entrepreneurs are considered a key asset for developing economic growth. However, women experience much more difficulties than men in opening their own ventures. Relational capital is particularly relevant when it comes to female entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the opening of new ventures and the role of relational capital in female entrepreneurship, taking into consideration the Italian context during the financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mixed-method approach analyzing data from a regional program to enhance the creation of new companies, trying to understand the issues of potential entrepreneurs in general and women in particular. A single case is then investigated using the characteristics – ambience – organization – sustainability model of micro-entrepreneurship and the network relationship model by Paoloni (2011). Findings The analysis highlights how women face much more difficulties in starting new ventures concerning their previous experience if their employment condition finds an extended period of inactivity. Additionally, potential female entrepreneurs are more sensitive to the complexity of the initiative, concerning the required investment and the number of employees, compared to male entrepreneurs. Relational capital is a crucial asset in fostering the success of the venture, especially in the start-up phase. Originality/value The purpose of the study is to contribute to the debate regarding the issues affecting the opening of new companies, as well as the link between relational capital and female enterprises. The paper offers some insights about a program covering a well-sized population during the financial crisis.
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Ferrandino, Vittoria, and Valentina Sgro. "Italian Migration and Entrepreneurship’s Origins in the United States of America: A Business History Analysis from the Post Second World War Period to the Present Day." European Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/813dbe72f.
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The opening of international markets following World War II highlighted the differences between territories at regional and national level in terms of the attractiveness of economic activities, investment and human resources. In this context, an important aspect concerned the entrepreneurial process: businesses and entrepreneurs have played a leading role in the activation of the paths of economic growth on the product value, employment and international competitiveness. From this perspective, the study of entrepreneurial dynamics - who the entrepreneurs are, their formation, the path followed for the creation of the enterprise, socio-economic and institutional context in which they acted - becomes crucial to understand the influence of economic and social conditions in the countries of origin as well as the employment and market opportunities, infrastructures and attractiveness of the destination countries. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial path is linked to the migration process and requires a study to highlight the relationship between these two phenomena and their impacts on the development and territorial competitiveness. Starting from the analysis of the literature and researches available at national and international level, in this paper we present the first results of a quantitative and qualitative research at the Archives of the American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, as well as in other American economic institutions. The study aims to highlight the scale of the phenomenon in the Italian-Americans economic relations after World War II, the characteristics of firms with immigrant entrepreneurs, as well as the relationship between immigrant entrepreneurship and entrepreneur training. Even though the two authors share the article’s setting, please note that introduction and paragraph 1 are by Vittoria Ferrandino and paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 are by Valentina Sgro. Both of the authors wrote the conclusions.
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Vincenza Ciasullo, Maria, and Orlando Troisi. "Sustainable value creation in SMEs: a case study." TQM Journal 25, no. 1 (January 4, 2013): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542731311286423.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study how a small to medium‐size enterprise (SME) in Campania (Italy) integrated sustainability into its corporate strategy, and how its sustainable corporate strategies reflect on intangible assets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper, an exploratory study based on grounded theory, analyzes are interviews with the entrepreneurial team and top and middle management. Findings are integrated with documentary analysis, internal process data and archival material.FindingsEthics and value systems play a significant role in devising sustainable corporate strategy. Competitive strategies, innovation, quality and responsibility are reflected in management procedures and the supply network system involving partners in sustainable innovation processes.Research limitations/implicationsA single case study obviously limits the generalizing of the findings.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurs and managers can benefit from the study to build a relational network for sustainable development.Originality/valueThe process of sustainable value creation, sharing and the co‐creation of knowledge emerges fully in the case study analyzed. The study pivots on issues of innovation and eco‐sustainability as drivers for corporate sustainability and business ethics.
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Banterle, Alessandro, Alessia Cavaliere, and Elisa De Marchi. "The Italian food industry in the era of the TTIP negotiate." British Food Journal 118, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1930–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2016-0191.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus, first, on the analysis of recent trends of the European and Italian food industries, and, second, on the possible implications that the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiate can exert on the Italian agri-food system. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on an in-depth analysis of current economic trends, characteristics of production structure, and the trade balance of Italy-USA commercial relationship in the context of EU market. The main advantages and disadvantages that can be derived from the TTIP negotiation are pointed out. Findings – The analysis of the Italian food industry highlights a very fragmented production structure characterized by the coexistence on the market of a small number of big companies and a large number of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Such bipolar structure constitutes a constraint to internationalization and limits the quantities of exportable products. The TTIP can represent an opportunity for the Italian food small businesses. On the other hand, the main disadvantages are related to the agricultural raw materials market. Originality/value – The study offers an in-depth analysis of the main features of the Italian food industry and of its role in international agri-food trades, describing the scenario that could be opened by the TTIP negotiation.
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Bianchi, Marina, Valentino Parisi, and Renato Salvatore. "Female entrepreneurs: motivations and constraints. An Italian regional study." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 8, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 198–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-08-2015-0029.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify the specific contextual constraints that women might face in becoming entrepreneurs; to correlate these constraints with the motivations that have determined this choice; and to ascertain how strongly constraints and motivations are correlated with individual rewards in terms of personal satisfaction and economic payoffs. Design/methodology/approach The empirical base is a survey that the authors conducted among female entrepreneurs in a Southern province of Italy in 2012. Data are analyzed through a correspondence and cluster analysis. The socio-economic context of the province within which these female-led firms operate is taken into account by means of a correspondence canonical analysis. Findings In terms of results: first, two-thirds of female entrepreneurs in the province are positively motivated, and this is a determining factor in their choice to become entrepreneurs. This translates into they also being satisfied with the choice they made. Second, contrary to the expectations, being positively motivated and satisfied holds both for firms operating in more dynamic and demanding sectors and for small firms using little financial or human capital. Research limitations/implications The chosen research approach has allowed to identify the most important decisional variables that affect female entrepreneurial choice. However, as most of the variables are categorical, the research’s results remain descriptive. Practical implications Positive motivations and personal rewards are clearly relevant for women making an entrepreneurial choice. However, they are not enough to stimulate fully the potential for growth of their enterprises: education and a social environment conducive to female creative expression are also necessary. To this end, the authors suggest that an important function of change could be played in particular by universities by fostering a culture of creativity and entrepreneurship. Social implications By stressing the connections between positive motivations and wellbeing, the authors suggest that the promotion of women’s entrepreneurial choices through networks and education generates more than purely economic benefits. It also has positive effects on their quality of life and on social welfare as well. Originality/value This paper responds to a need – not yet fulfilled in the literature – to better understand the relations between women’s motivation, satisfaction and the type of business selected.
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Palazzo, Maria, Pantea Foroudi, Alfonso Siano, and Philip J. Kitchen. "The value and significance of corporate community relations: an Italian SME perspective." Bottom Line 30, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 330–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-08-2017-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between community of place and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Lombard industrial districts in Italy. Design/methodology/approach A brief literature review of international authors from the stakeholder approach and Corporate Community Relations (CCRs) field is presented. This paper refers to a survey of Lombard industrial districts conducted by ALTIS. The data were collected via a telephone survey from 834 firms. Findings The main finding is that managing CCRs is of major importance for company success. The results of the survey show that there are some tools and actions that Italian industrial district SMEs use to interact with their particular communities of place to develop effective and coherent relationships with their stakeholder groups. Moreover, although the survey shows that though SMEs do implement different CCR activities, they are not able to communicate these effectively through systematic communication strategies. However, the narrow sample includes only a sample of some Lombard districts. Nonetheless, the findings indicate that effective CCR seems to confer competitive advantage based on stakeholder responses and rewards sought. Research limitations/implications The framework could assist in supporting CCR developments between industrial districts as various players would know how to improve CCR activities. One further suggestion is that University and Research Centers could have a role to play in creating and communicating codified knowledge concerning community relations in industrial districts, while other public players still have to develop specific tasks in improving infrastructures. Originality/value This study is in line with the main focus of CCR, which is in striving to meet stakeholder and societal needs. However, industrial district SMEs have to learn how to communicate their CCR activities from the examples set by large Italian companies. The paper links the notion of CCR with tools and actions to develop meaningful relationships with both community of place and interest. Moreover, considering the survey results, a new framework for local player roles is proposed.
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Battaglia, Daniele, Paolo Neirotti, and Emilio Paolucci. "The role of R&D investments and export on SMEs’ growth: a domain ambidexterity perspective." Management Decision 56, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 1883–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2017-0136.
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PurposeInternational sales are critical for the prosperity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), because of the limited size of their domestic market, but they can be difficult to attain for a number of reasons. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this topic and use a domain ambidexterity framework to analyze why the relationship between research and development (R&D) investments and export initiatives generates managerial tensions in high- and medium-technology industries. In this paper, it is claimed that R&D investments and internationalization can be conflicting objectives that entail a diversity of routines and managerial approaches. This aspect is critical, especially when SMEs are in the early stages of their life cycle and are resource constrained.Design/methodology/approachThis issue is tested using multiple regressions on data collected through a survey that was conducted in 2014. The sample is composed of 221 SMEs operating in Italy in high-and medium-technology industries.FindingsThe estimates show that combining contemporary high R&D investments and high export activities negatively affects the growth of revenues of SMEs. In detail, when exports over revenue are below 10 percent, R&D investments have a positive effect on revenue growth, whereas when exports over revenue are above 50 percent, the effect of R&D investments on revenue growth is negative. However, age acts as a moderator on this relationship, thus implying that the effect of combining these initiatives varies according to the life cycle of a firm. In particular, combining R&D investments and export generates tensions that limit the growth of revenues in young SMEs (less than ten years old). For firms aged between 10 and 25 years, the effect is positive, while the effect is positive but not statistically significant for mature firms (older than 25 years). These results demonstrate that the diversity of the organizational maturity in SMEs has an impact on their ability to combine activities that require different capabilities (technological vs market).Originality/valueThis paper offers a theoretical contribution to the literature on domain ambidexterity, as it shows that combining contemporary innovation-related activities with international activities may constrain the performance of SMEs, according to the age of the firm. It extends the theoretical framework of domain ambidexterity to international studies and it reconciles previous mixed evidence about the combination of innovation and internationalization activities of SMEs.
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Kučera, Zdeněk, Tomáš Vondrák, and Odřej Pecha. "Research and development in the field of Artificial Intelligence in EU framework programmes." ERGO 14, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ergo-2019-0005.
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Abstract The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the cooperation of the European countries in projects related to the AI in the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) and in the current Horizon 2020 Programme. The analysis is based on the information obtained from European Commission database eCORDA (External COmmon Research DAtawarehouse). Dynamic scientometric maps were constructed to describe in more detail the collaboration of European subjects in the EC funded AI research. Within the FP7, 1223 projects in the AI field received roughly 2,8 billion €. In the current H2020 programme the EC has already provided 2,1 billion € for 1081 projects in AI. In the FP7, higher education institutions dominated in both the number of awarded project and the received financial support. In the H2020 programme, a profound shift favouring business enterprise sector occurred. Approximately one third of AI projects in the FP7 was in the thematic area Information and Communication Technologies. In the H2020 programme the EC extended the support further to other thematic areas including global societal challenges especially in the field of transport and security. The extent of the involvement of the member countries varies extensively. The countries above average participating in the AI projects are Germany, Italy, Austria, Spain, Portugal, and Slovenia. The Czech Republic falls in the group of less participating countries. The Czech Republic also exhibits a smaller increase of the participation between RP7 and H2020. Universities involved in approximately two thirds of AI project have dominated in the Czech participation in the FP7. In the H2020 program their share in the AI project decreased by approximately 10 percent points. On the other side, their share of financial support was conserved. The most participating universities were the Czech Technical University Prague (24 projects, and 30% share of the EC contribution for the Czech AI projects) and the Brno University of Technology (14 projects, and 12,4% financial share). In the business enterprise sector Honeywell International s. r. o. attained the highest participation. The Czech subjects collaborate most frequently with German, British, Italian and French research teams.
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LoRomer, David. "Impresa e industria in Italia dall'Unità a oggi [Enterprise and Industry in Italy from Unification to the Present]. ByFranco Amatori andAndrea Colli. Venice: Marsilio, 1999. 414 pp. Bibliography, appendix, maps, illustrations, figures. Cloth, 48,000 lire (U.S.$22.50). ISBN 88-317-7289-9." Business History Review 75, no. 3 (2001): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116422.
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Sisto, Roberta, Alba Marseglia, and Edgardo Sica. "Agri-food Exports and Challenges of Foreign Markets for a Small region: a Network Approach." Economy of Region 17, no. 2 (June 2021): 607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-18.
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Over the last decades, the agri-food sector has been involved in a substantial process of internationalisation. For many agri-food firms, internationalisation has become a significant element of competitiveness and an essential condition for their survival and success in spite of the possible initial difficulties in competing and organising activities in uncertain and complex environments. These challenges concern mainly agri-food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that, due to their size, are in a more vulnerable position in relation to trade barriers compared to larger firms. Based on these premises, we investigated the structure of the agrifood exports of a small region by exploring its characteristics and evolution over time. While this research is relevant per sé, it can also explain the macroeconomic dynamics of the whole area and determine the further development of agri-food exports of a small region to non-EU countries. The analysis concentrates on exports to extra-EU countries from agri-food firms located in the province of Foggia (the south-east of Italy), a small area characterised by a large presence of SMEs and micro firms that are mainly devoted to agricultural production and food processing. To answer the research question, we employ the social network analysis, a method increasingly used for analysing international trade patterns. The use of this methodology has allowed us to conduct an in-depth analysis of firms and countries that occupy a strategic position in the network. These actors are crucial for the network’s survival since their removal could make the network more fragmented and disconnected. The analysis has been conducted in a dynamic way by exploring the characteristics of the network in 2014–2019, allowing us to assess its evolution over time. The results show that the structural properties of the analysed network have remarkably enhanced over time. However, the current network structure is not satisfactory yet since it relies, for the most part, on the connections among a few leading firms and a limited number of destination countries.
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Kovalskaya, Lesya, Lyubov Chorna, Halyna Shchuka, Lesya Polova, and Vitaliy Mykhailyuk. "IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM 2020." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 61 (2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2021.61.3-11.
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Aim: to analyze the sanitary-epidemiological situation in the world and in Ukraine, through the prism of political and economic planes both in the middle of the country and in neighboring countries; to determine the impact of the pandemic on the economy globally and domestically, in particular on the service sector, namely, the tourism industry. Methodology - the study of the impact of Covid-19 on tourism and socio-economic development of the country is based on a combination of methods of sectoral and territorial analysis. In particular, a systematic approach is used for the study using methods of comparison, statistical, analytical, etc. Results - the article states that the tourism image of the titan countries of the tourism business has lost its position in international and domestic markets against the background of the deployment of an infectious disease - Covid-19, which in scale and number of victims went into a pandemic. A number of measures to minimize economic and financial defaults in the tourism industry are presented on the example of the countries of the Republic of Poland and Bulgaria. At the international level, mass events, competitions, contests, etc. have been abolished and postponed indefinitely, vehicle restrictions have been restricted, hotels and entertainment establishments have been suspended, the movement of citizens has been restricted and strict quarantine measures have been carried out within individual countries. The authors found that the pandemic was hit hard by countries whose economies depend on the service sector, including the tourism industry. It is statistically presented that Ukraine, whose economy does not depend on the development of tourism, can get revenge on the domestic tourism market, which is associated with the forced suspension of international migration flows, passenger traffic and the initial development of active tourism and ecotourism. And thanks to the introduction of quarantine measures in the internetization and modernization of communications to present the unique natural heritage of the country and emphasize the quality of the tourist product. It was found that the introduction of quarantine measures on the one hand led to the minimization of diseases during the pandemic, and on the other - to the economic collapse (the work of enterprises was suspended, a significant number of migrant workers returned home). At the same time, economic stagnation in some countries has also led to the greening of the environment, such as China, Spain, Italy and others. Scientific novelty was discovered for the first time that Covid-19 emphasized the importance of the digital paradigm both in the creation of a tourist product, a simplified procedure for its access, and in its virtual presentation and the benefits of pricing policy. The relationship in the field of service (seller-buyer) received a challenge of integrity and emphasized the individuality of the consumer. Practical importance. Publication materials, conclusions can be used in writing dissertations, monographs, as well as tourism entities in the period of monetary and material collapse in order to develop the information and communication sphere - as a new impetus to the development of domestic tourism.
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Shumak, Ljudmila. "ENGINEERING LABOUR MARKET IN CONSTRUCTION IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-4-23.
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The purpose of the article is to analyse the engineering labour market on the example of the profession of design engineer in modern conditions of the construction market in Ukraine and abroad. It is also necessary to study the formation of the integrated view of the structure, state and dynamics of the labour market in design enterprises; qualification requirements for engineers; compliance of the vocational education system with these requirements. Design is a type of labour activity in construction as a branch of professional activity. The article contains statistical indicators of wages that characterize the profession of design engineer, and innovative activities of design enterprises. The indicator of the level of innovative development of design enterprises is the quality of products (projects). One of the main characteristics of design is the price of the product. It includes the Customer’s assessment of all other design properties. Pricing issues have been and continue to be one of the guiding problems of the country’s construction industry, including design and the salaries of design engineers. Methodology. The design market in Ukraine has a situation that reflects the overall state of the construction industry. The development of this type of business and its participants is differently influenced by many factors. Project market participants in Ukraine can be classified: by the form of ownership – state departmental institutions and commercial structures; by the volume of work – design enterprises and design institutes that act as general designers, who mainly perform all stages of the project. Architectural workshops, mainly specializing in the stages of “sketch project” and “project”; design departments at the construction and assembly organizations performing stages “working design”, “working documentation”, separate sections of projects or only detailing for production. There were about 70 design enterprises and about 200 architectural workshops in Kyiv in 2016, according to the Association of Design Enterprises. The potential of Ukraine as a “technical” state, that is able to solve complex problems and generate complex solutions and products with high added value, is due to the potential of the educational field of technical direction. Accordingly, in 2016 in Ukraine, the relative number of graduates of technical specialties was 2 times more than in the UK or Poland, namely, in European countries, thousands of people: Ukraine – 130; France – 105; Germany – 93; Turkey – 75; Great Britain – 71; Poland – 66; Spain – 56; Italy – 48; Romania – 39. In 2015-2016, training in the fields of construction specialties in Ukraine was carried out by 49 higher education institutions. Today, one of the shortcomings of education is the lack of modern curricula; technical fields are getting excessively humanitarian and detachment from practice, in particular, the application of European standards. Some Western academic subjects are not taught in Ukrainian universities at all, which reduces the competitiveness of graduates. Certification of responsible executors of design works in construction in 2012 was a significant step towards the liberalization of the market of design services. The responsibility of engineers was personified and strengthened, but at the same time their object and financial possibilities were increased. As of December 2015, more than 22,000 design engineers have been certified in Ukraine. It can be stated that for the period 2016-2019, a fairly developed market of design services has been formed in Ukraine. Its key features are the attraction to large cities, diversification by specialties and grounds on the existing, including the Soviet, experience, as well as concentration and duplication of functions, in particular, design institutes by the commercial sector, etc. Significant potential is due to intellectual capacity, diversity of tasks and the accumulated practice of Ukrainian designers, which provides certain advantages in the international market of design services. Today, the customer is moving away from design technologies, which means that the designer’s work must be built in such a way that the customer understands the need for investment at the design stage of the facility, taking into account further operation. The lack of design and the need to revise salaries affects the value of real estate. The lack of engineers affects the organization of construction and the market as a whole. Increasing the salaries of design engineers, creating more favourable working conditions lead to an increase in the cost of construction work from 9 to 15%. Understanding the difficulties faced by the design industry, it is logical to think about the ways to overcome them in the near future. Conclusion. Nowadays, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis of the engineering labour market in construction allows to understand the innovative activity of the project enterprise and to mark the course of further development of the market of design services in Ukraine. Reducing unhealthy competition among designers is possible due to new approaches to work aimed at optimizing and improving the performance of design companies. Stories of design engineers having to leave their favourite profession to make a living are a thing of the past. Now it is a prestigious and profitable speciality. To be relevant in the profession, you must, first of all, learn foreign languages, read technical literature in English. Self-education, i.e. the ability to independently search and analyse information, to develop oneself as a specialist, is of great importance. High erudition is a quality possessed by the Soviet-era engineers and often lacking in many modern design engineers. At the same time, it is of great importance because the building is a single organism, and the design engineer must understand not only construction, but also related fields. The main feature that distinguishes a design engineer is a certain mindset. And the work must be highly paid for this. Considering the issue of the engineering labour market in Ukraine, it is safe to say that there are temporary professions that are in vogue, and there are those that will always be in demand, and the profession of design engineer is one of them.
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Arnold, Denis G. "Global Justice and International Business." Business Ethics Quarterly 23, no. 1 (January 2013): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq20132315.
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ABSTRACT:Little theoretical attention has been paid to the question of what obligations corporations and other business enterprises have to the four billion people living at the base of the global economic pyramid. This article makes several theoretical contributions to this topic. First, it is argued that corporations are properly understood as agents of global justice. Second, the legitimacy of global governance institutions and the legitimacy of corporations and other business enterprises are distinguished. Third, it is argued that a deliberative democracy model of corporate legitimacy defended by theorists of political CSR is unsatisfactory. Fourth, it is argued that a Rawlsian theoretical framework fails to provide a satisfactory account of the obligations of corporations regarding global justice. Finally, an ethical conception of CSR grounded in an appropriately modest set of duties tied to corporate relationships is then defended. This position is cosmopolitan in scope and grounded in overlapping arguments for human rights.
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Ibrahim, Zalina, Firdaus Abdullah, and Azman Ismail. "International Business Competence and Small and Medium Enterprises." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 224 (June 2016): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.402.
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Gorina, G, O. "RATING ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TOURIST BUSINESS ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY." VISNYK оf Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhailo Tugan-Baranovsky 69, no. 2 (2018): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4819-2018-69-2-62-69.
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Linzalone, Roberto, and Antonio Lerro. "Between solidarism and business management: assessing management factors for social enterprise: a survey in Italy." Measuring Business Excellence 18, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-11-2013-0057.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate the management dimensions and factors of social enterprise, in order to identify valuable management innovation challenges. Given the deep social changes occurring, and strong public spending reviews, social enterprises are called to a shift from a traditional management model based on solidarity to a business oriented one. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a survey administered to 344 enterprises, based in five regions of south Italy, with a response of 67 social enterprises. After a first round of six open interviews administered to social entrepreneurs, a closed questionnaire was designed and administered through web survey tools to the 344. Findings – The paper investigates social enterprises, with particular regard to the social cooperatives, identifying and assessing the management dimensions and factors constituting their management model. The analysis reveals and addresses management challenges helpful in driving a competitive growth of social enterprises. Originality/value – The paper explores a sector slightly investigated by management literature, and usually focused by the social literature. Collective interest, social value, mutualism, solidarity appear to be gaps in today's management models, contributing to financial crisis, employment crisis, social emergencies. Social enterprise may represent a new management model, revealing dimensions and factors of interest for a new business management, until it is supported with a more business management oriented model.
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Ferreira, Manuel Portugal, Dan Li, Stephen Guisinger, and Fernando A. Ribeiro Serra. "Is the International Business Environment the actual context for international business research?" Revista de Administração de Empresas 49, no. 3 (September 2009): 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-75902009000300004.
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The International Business Environment (IBE) has been argued to be the essential context for international business (IB) studies and the distinguishing factor from other management studies and studies of large enterprises. Two content analysis show that many papers published in top tier IB journals either lack reference to any dimension of the IBE or tend to be uni-or bi-dimensional when addressing the IBE; it is not a surprise that the cultural dimension is the most often used. We suggest that: (a) there is need to developed more uni-and multi-dimensional environmental constructs; (b) a more holistic view of the IBE provides richer insights on the actual complexity underlying IB research. Future studies that provide more comprehensive models of the IBE that overcome the usual broad classifications of the international environment as undefined and uncontrollable factors are warranted to advance conceptual and empirical research.
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Szadziewska, Arleta, and Halina Waniak-Michalak. "Editorial." Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości 109, no. 165 (October 29, 2020): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4338.
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We would like to present to you a thematic issue of “Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachun-kowości” no. 109 (165) – (ZTR, “The Theoretical Journal of Accounting”), in English entitled Accounting as a source of financial and non-financial information. It is the second volume of our journal to be guest-edited by a foreign editor – Dr. Fredrik Karlsson (Linnaeus University, Sweden). The purpose of this issue of ZTR is to indicate the directions in the evolution of accounting theory and practice, in particular, with regard to corporate reporting, which constitutes the basis for assessing the effectiveness of an enterprise’s opera-tions. The articles submitted for publication raise important issues regarding the re-porting of financial and non-financial information that is requisite for the develop-ment of trust-based relationships with the stakeholders of companies operating on the market. Due to the lack of unified applicable non-financial reporting standards in corporate reporting, the provision of reliable and useful information on the environ-mental and social aspects of functioning presents a huge challenge. It is connected with adjusting the accounting systems that entities use in order to obtain a reliable picture of the impact of their economic activity on the environment. We believe that the articles presented in this volume will contribute to a better un-derstanding of the challenges accounting faces in the new, dynamically changing reality. We tried to involve scientists from various countries in the discussion on the directions in the evolution of accounting theory and practice. By accepting for publi-cation ten articles that have received positive reviews, we believe that we have succeeded in our attempt. The Authors of the works come from research centers in seven European and South American countries, such as Chile, Croatia, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, the UK, and Ukraine. The articles present the results of research on the disclosure of the financial and non-financial information in corporate reporting, which constitutes the basis for as-sessing companies’ economic, environmental, and social performance. The Authors additionally discuss the applicable accounting rules, which are requisite to obtain financial information of adequate quality for economic decision making. Various research methods have been used in the articles, such as statistical analysis, content analysis, comparative analysis, a review of the literature and legal acts, methods of deduction and synthesis, questionnaire surveys, and interviews. We can distinguish three main topic areas chosen by the Authors. The first group of papers concerns communication with users of the companies’ reports, especially regarding corporate social responsibility. The work written by Polish Authors from the University of Łódź (E. Śnieżek, M. Wiatr, K. Ciach, J. Piłacik) presents the results of research on the information needs of business information users with regard to improving the financial and non-financial information presented in annual reports. A total of 694 responses obtained from Polish accounting and tax specialists with professional experience were analyzed. The inter-pretation of the survey results takes into account the relationship between the responses received and the respondents’ characteristics, such as gender, age, and education. The Authors from Great Britain (A. Herdan, L. Neri, and A. Ruso) present the rela-tionship between sustainable development and financial indicators on the British mar-ket. The increasing social pressure exerted on enterprises, as well as the changes in legal regulations, are forcing enterprises to operate in a manner that considers the prin-ciples of sustainable development. For this reason, it is particularly important to deter-mine the relationship between the economic situation of an enterprise and sustainable development. The article written by Authors from Poland and Croatia (M. Remlein and V. Roŝka) examines the quality of the information on CSR-related investments presented in the reports prepared by Polish and Croatian companies. Based on a content analysis of re-ports prepared by non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and the Zagreb Stock Exchange, it has been found that socially responsible investment in Poland and Croatia is still at its infancy since not many investors have been exposed to this type of investment. The authors of the next article (A. Szadziewska, B. Kotowska, L. Kloviene, S. Legenchyk, D. Prša, and M.T. Speziale) noted the existence of differences in the implementation of Directive 2014/95/EU into the national law of individual countries included in their survey, i.e., Croatia, Poland, Lithuania, Italy, Great Britain, and Ukraine. Additionally, the results of the content analysis regarding the non-financial reports presented by branches of one corporation that operates in different countries indicated a different scope of the non-financial indicators published. What is more, sig-nificant differences were found between the scope of the non-financial indicators pub-lished by the capital group and its subsidiaries that operate in different countries. In the article by Polish authors from the University of Gdańsk (C. Kotyla and M. Hyży), we find a discussion on the disclosure of information on the environmental impact of companies from the mass passenger transport industry. The content analysis covered the financial statements and the management reports published by the three largest rail carriers and two airlines. The results indicate that the environmental disclo-sures in the reports analyzed do not allow for an objective assessment of the surveyed mass passenger transport enterprises’ impact on the environment. The second thematic area covered issues concerning the historical and current con-ditions that characterize accounting systems in different countries. The first article (H. Waniak-Michalak, I. Perica, and S. Leitonie) concerns non-gov-ernmental entities and the impact of accounting regulations on these organizations in Poland, Croatia, and Lithuania at the level of public trust. The results of their research indicate that accounting regulations are of marginal importance for social trust. How-ever, they have identified the possible impact of disasters and the country’s economic situation on public trust. B. Zyznarska-Dworczak, I. Mamić Sačer, and D. Mokošová conducted a compara-tive analysis of accounting systems in Central and Eastern European countries – Croa-tia, Poland, and Slovakia. The authors found important differences in the accounting standards of these countries despite their geopolitical proximity and Slavic roots. The other three articles concerned special rules of recording and reporting. M. Gierusz raises the problem of companies using the regulation of recognizing ac-quired goodwill in order to extend the useful life of goodwill. Authors from Poland and Chile (F. Morales Parada, R. Höllander Sanhueza, and M. Węgrzyńska) attempt to identify accrual adjustments as a tool to modify financial results. They indicate that Chilean firms exhibit more cases of accounting manipula-tions than Polish companies. According to the Authors, Polish firms use accrual adjust-ments to reduce the operating results, whereas Chilean companies apply accrual adjust-ments to increase their operating results. M. Szulc and P. Zieniuk answered the research question of whether listed compa-nies comply with the requirements of the International Financial Reporting Standards regarding the disclosure of events after the balance sheet date. They believe that the occurrence of such events in the economic practice of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange is much more frequent than in other European countries. The editorial team takes the opportunity to thank all the supporters of the English issue of ZTR. We very much appreciate the involvement of the reviewers, the commit-ment of the authors of the papers, as well as the help of other academics and friends engaged in the preparation of the issue. We also encourage you to visit our website, www.ztr.skwp.pl, where you can find the latest information on our projects as well as all the procedures needed to submit a paper to the journal. Please submit articles to the new special issue of ZTR in 2021, entitled Ethical Issues in Accounting in Prosperity and a Financial Crisis.
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Tzeng, Rueyling. "International Labor Migration through Multinational Enterprises." International Migration Review 29, no. 1 (March 1995): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900107.
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This research studies international migration of company transferees. The main purposes are to address how their individual characteristics have influences on their overseas assignment and what kinds of migration patterns are created by the multinational business enterprises. U.S. firms in Taiwan are the primary study focus. By using both quantitative and qualitative data, the results show that although an overseas appointment is mainly based on individual competence, nationality, ethnicity and gender also play crucial roles. And multinationals are important channels for sustainable, return and circular migration.
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Chaikova, Olena, and Yana Barabash. "RESEARCH OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS OF PRODUCERS OF YEAST PRODUCTS." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2021.2.84.
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The article studies the activities of yeast industry enterprises in the world markets. The given characteristics of yeast production and its systematization. Highlighting the world producers of yeast products, as well as the largest enterprises producing various types of yeast in Ukraine. Using the method of collecting and processing data, an analysis of the activities of yeast producers in international markets was carried out. The Ukrainian yeast companies and their presence in the world markets are considered in more detail. The leaders of the international yeast industry market are characterized. The volumes of yeast production in Ukraine are analyzed. Focused on the research of the company "Company BALEX". Discovered to which countries the company is exporting, as well as the main trading countries the partners of this company. The strengths and weaknesses of the company, as well as the opportunities and threats for the international business of the company producing and selling yeast products, have been identified. Forecasts made for the development of export activities of yeast industry enterprises. The growth of this market is mainly due to an increase in demand for food products such as baked goods (bread, rolls, donuts, pizza, etc.) and beverages (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) that contain special yeast as a main ingredient. Conclusions are made about the feasibility of increasing production volumes and increasing competitiveness in order to expand the export activities of enterprises that produce and sell yeast products.