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1
Ivanov, DMITRY V., and VALERIA V. Pchelintseva. "INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF THE POST-BREXIT MIGRATION POLICY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM." Journal of Law and Administration 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2022-4-65-34-46.
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Introduction. In March 2022, the Home Office of the United Kingdom of Great Britain published the Statement on New Immigration Plan according to which persons having no right to reside on its territory would be removed to “safe third countries” according to the agreements with such states. On April 13th, 2022, a Memorandum of Understanding between Great Britain and Rwanda was signed prescribing that persons whose applications for asylum were not considered by Great Britain be removed to Rwanda for those applications to be considered by the latter. Incompatibility of the contemporary immigration policy of Great Britain with its international law obligations justifies the topicality of the assessment of its implications for codification and progressive development of international law. Materials and Methods. The assessment of the contemporary immigration policy of Great Britain from the standpoint of international law includes the matching of the provisions of the international and national acts adopted by Great Britain as well as official statements of its state bodies and officials and the provisions of universal treaties and “soft law” acts. The writings of the publicists studying international law aspects of forced migration, asylum and human rights served as theoretical framework of the present study. Research Results. The assessment of the Memorandum of Understanding reveals the incompatibility of its provisions with the international law norms on asylum and human rights. Such international law policy of the state should be regarded as an example of rejection of international law which is referred to as “international law nihilism” in Russian legal doctrine.Discussions and conclusions. The authors argue that further adoption of legal and political measures contrary to states’ obligations under treaties and international custom as well as the absence of expressed official positions of states with regards to such measures may have an impact on construction and application of international law norms governing legal status of forced migrants.
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Ignatievа, A. "THE SYSTEM OF MILITARY LAW OF UKRAINE AND GREAT BRITAIN IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL LAW." “International Humanitarian University Herald. Jurisprudence”, no. 51 (2021): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32841/2307-1745.2021.51.33.
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Seligmann, Matthew S. "Great Britain, International Law, and the Evolution of Maritime Strategic Thought, 1856–1914." Mariner's Mirror 107, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2021.1862512.
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Grant, M. "Controlling Local Government Expenditure in Britain: The Experience of Rate Capping." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 4, no. 2 (June 1986): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c040165.
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Rate capping was introduced by the British Conservative Government in 1984 to impose a legally enforceable ceiling on the rating power of local authorities. It is a discriminatory measure. High-spending authorities, as assessed in accordance with current and historic data, are given annual rate limits by central government, with rights of appeal and negotiation. The process has generated great controversy, with some local authorities threatening municipal bankruptcy and all showing great reluctance to operate within the system. But the financial impact has so far been marginal: The government moved gingerly, and creative accounting has helped postpone financial difficulties.
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Miles, Cameron. "James Crawford and the Law of State Immunity." Australian Year Book of International Law Online 40, no. 1 (December 7, 2022): 115–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660229-04001007.
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Abstract In James Crawford’s later career as a public international lawyer, he was synonymous with the great topics of inter-state relations—the creation of states, state responsibility, and so forth—and with the work of the International Court of Justice. But he retained throughout his professional life an abiding interest in foreign relations law, being that loose collection of issues that characterises the interface between public international and municipal law. Nowhere is this better reflected than in his contribution to the law of state immunity—and, in particular, his preparation as Commissioner of the ground-breaking 1984 Australian Law Reform Commission Report No 24 on Foreign State Immunity (‘ALRC 24’), which led in due course to the Foreign States Immunities Act 1985 (Cth) (‘FSIA’) being passed by the Federal Parliament almost unchanged from Commission’s suggested text. This paper aims to assess the legacy of ALRC 24 alongside other writings on state immunity that Crawford published prior to and in conjunction with the report—in particular his significant articles in the Australian Year Book of International Law, the American Journal of International Law and the British Yearbook of International Law. This corpus of materials shows Crawford in two underexplored guises—as municipal lawyer and legislative draftsman. And they also show his instincts as one of the great liberalisers of public international law, committed to ensuring that the parameters of the restrictive theory of state immunity, then novel to the common law, were accurately reflected in legislative language.
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Travis, Toni-Michelle C. "Black Atlantic Politics: Dilemmas of Political Empowerment in Boston and Liverpool. By William E. Nelson Jr. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000. 344p. $74.50 cloth, $25.95 paper." American Political Science Review 96, no. 3 (September 2002): 667–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402800363.
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Studies of local politics have often narrowly focused on elites, the role of competing interest groups, or the influence of the business community in making key decisions. Nelson's comparative study raises the level of discourse by drawing our attention to the often overlooked role of blacks in municipal politics. In comparing Boston and Liverpool the study expands our understanding of the similarities between racial politics in the United States and in Great Britain.
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Barrie, David G. "‘Epoch-Making’ Beginnings to Lingering Death: The Struggle for Control of the Glasgow Police Commission, 1833–46." Scottish Historical Review 86, no. 2 (October 2007): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2007.86.2.253.
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Established in 1800, the Glasgow Police Commission is of great importance in the context of municipal history. As a specialist authority responsible for public services, the Commission was among the most advanced in Britain. Its wide-ranging achievements in law and order and public amenity provision helped create a new range of essential services in a rapidly expanding city. Moreover, the method of electing its representatives on a rotational ward basis provided a model for municipal reform later in the century. Yet, by the 1840s the Commission's incorporation into local government was keenly and successfully sought by those in influential circles after a bitter and prolonged conflict with commissioners and many lower-middle class/skilled working-class ratepayers. This article will analyse the political and social struggle behind the Commission's demise. Of principal benefit to those interested in police control and municipal governance, the study also uncovers a great deal about political and social representation by examining public attitudes, voting behaviour and electoral trends at annual police elections.
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Lillich, Richard B. "The Constitution and International Human Rights." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (October 1989): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203374.
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A decade ago Professor Henkin remarked that “there has been almost no examination at all of the relation between international human rights and the American Constitutional version of human rights.” Since then he has done much to fill this gap in the literature, as has, more recently, a distinguished barrister/scholar from Great Britain. Nevertheless, it may be useful, in this symposium celebrating the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution, to survey both the contribution it has made to the development of international human rights law and the extent to which the latter has influenced the evolution of U.S. constitutional law.
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Panova, Liydmyla, Liliya Radchenko, Ernest Gramatskyy, Anatolii Kodynets, and Stanislav Pohrebniak. "Digitization in Law: International-Legal Aspect." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 69 (July 17, 2021): 547–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.34.
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Due to the development of the information society, countries face the task of effectively regulating the relevant social relations. The mechanisms of such regulation should correspond to the specifics of such relations. Digitization is one of the modern methods of legal regulation, which is the use of information technology at the state level. The existing scientific achievements on digitalization processes need constant improvement, which corresponds to the specifics of this field. The object of research is digitalization in law in the light of international experience. The article aims to study and analyze digitalization in law in the international legal aspect. The following methods were used during the study: systemic, systemic-functional, comparative, sociological, analysis, synthesis, analogy, observation, classification, and statistical analysis. The article analyzes the phenomenon of digitalization, identifies the main approaches to understanding it. On the example of international experience (such countries as France, Germany, Italy, Georgia, Greece, and Great Britain), the mechanisms of using digitalization in public administration are determined, the legal regulation of informatization is analyzed. Also, based on the study and analysis of doctrinal teachings of international information experience, it is proposed to improve the domestic legal mechanism to ensure the effective functioning of public relations.
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Villalobos López, José Antonio. "Fiscal decentralization, federal resources and municipal public revenues in Mexico." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i8.416.
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In 1983 all municipalities in Mexico absorbed 2.6% of national public revenues, being that by 2019 it reached 6.6%, thus showing a substantial growth in 36 years. Of the total municipal public revenues, federal participations represented 37.1% in 2018 and 37.1% in 2019, while federal aportments represented 35.9% in 2018 and 35.3% in 2019; both federal resources meant 73% in 2018 and 73.8% in 2019, that is, out of every 4 pesos of revenues 3 come from the federation. In 2019, the main revenues of the municipalities that come from federal funds are: General Participation Fund (23.1%); FORTAMUN (15.2%); Social Infrastructure Aportments Fund (12.79%). The tax effort or municipal own revenues accounted for 22.6% of total municipal public revenues in 2018 and 23.1% in 2019. Property tax is the main figure of municipal own revenues, representing 47.1% and 45% respectively in 2018 and 2019.As an international comparison point property tax related to GDP yielded these figures: France 4.03%, Great Britain 4.08%, Canada 3.87%, United States 2.96%, Spain 2.43%, Colombia 1.79%, Chile 1.12% and Mexico only 0.33% of GDP; appreciating a very low percentage in relation to the two Latin American nations and much lower compared to developed countries.
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Kern, Holger Lutz. "Strategies of Legal Change: Great Britain, International Law, and the Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international 6, no. 2 (2004): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571805042782073.
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Kam, C. "Do Ideological Preferences Explain Parliamentary Behaviour? Evidence from Great Britain and Canada." Journal of Legislative Studies 7, no. 4 (December 2001): 89–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714003894.
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Furgała, Agata. "POLICE COOPERATION OF POLAND AND GREAT BRITAIN IN SCOPE OF BREXIT." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 141, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 241–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0407.
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Leaving the UE by the UK has brought a number of consequences for bilateral Polish-British police and justice cooperation. The subject of the article was to present legal regulations, which provide the basis for international cooperation for British law enforcement agencies. The author analyzed and then evaluated the effectiveness of instruments of mutual cooperation. The articles focuses also on the assessment of Brexit consequences and its possible impact on the Polish-British police cooperation. It is worth emphasising that cross-border law enforcement cooperation - which includes police, customs, secret services and other law enforcement agencies, mainly concerns the most serious threats such as terrorism, organised crime, human traffi cking, money laundering, drug traffi cking or cybercrime. The article shows that the most unfavourable changes result from dropping the Schengen acquis by the United Kingdom - is disconnection from the second generation Schengen Information System. The article includes also information about The Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which has retained a number of important mechanisms for effective police cooperation between EU Member States and the United Kingdom. But although, as mentioned in the article, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom provides upgrades of the tools of police and judicial cooperation, it is a matter of practise to verify these as sufficient.
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Henson, Billy. "Book Review: Indira Carr (Ed.) Computer Crime Cornwall, Great Britain: TJ International, 2009. 576 pp. $275.00 ISBN: 978-0754628354." International Criminal Justice Review 20, no. 3 (August 3, 2010): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567710373118.
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Nagorna, Olga. "Socio-Pedagogical Portrait of a Master’s Degree Student in International Arbitration: Experience of Great Britain." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2016-0017.
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Abstract International arbitration as the efficient means of alternative dispute resolution has become, due to globalization, a highly specialised service rendered by professionals. Master’s degree program (LLM) completion enables those interested to become competent and competitive specialists in arbitration on the international arena. Great Britain has accumulated broad practical experience in organizing professional training in the field of international arbitration. Many leading British universities offer prospective students Master’s programs in this speciality, encouraging all comers, even those with the initial non-legal background. Basic competences of LLM graduates in international arbitration (systemic competences, professional instrumental competences, professional social and personal competences) have been identified and clarified on the basis of relevant sources analysis. Professionally important knowledge, abilities and skills have been generalized and explained. For instance, an international arbitration LLM graduate is obliged to possess communicative and social skills, cognitive abilities and skills in the subject area, must be competent in English law, etc.
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Bristol-Alagbariya, Edward T. "Ancient Niger Delta Trading States, 1884/85 Negative Sovereignty Treaties, Positive International Law, British Colonization & Good Governance towards the Advancement of Civilization in Nigeria." International Journal of Developing and Emerging Economies 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 34–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijdee.13/vol10n23461.
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This socio-legal study examines the 1884/85 imperialistic vis-à-vis negative sovereignty treaties of friendship, commerce and protection, simply called treaties of protection, which were entered into by Great Britain and the Ancient Niger Delta Trading States, so as to maintain and strengthen the cordial relations that were existing between the parties. However, positive international law altered the hitherto proto natural law-based equal and cordial relations between the Ancient Niger Delta Trading States and the Western European nations, from the 15th Century AD, when the Portuguese explorers and merchants were dominant in the Niger Delta region, before the arrival of Great Britain and France in the region about the 18th Century AD. Positive international law, enhanced by British gunboat diplomacy associated with it, promoted Western imperialism and thereby enabled Great Britain to achieve her imperialist ambition of transforming the erstwhile naturally sovereign Ancient Niger Delta Trading States and their mainland and hinterland ethnic nationality areas into the 1885 British Protectorate of the Niger Districts. Based on British imperialist protectionism over the Niger Districts and the rest of pre-colonial Nigeria, the entire ethnic nationality areas of pre-colonial Nigeria became a single British colonial possession called the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, otherwise called modern Nigeria, in 1914. The British colonial government eventually granted political independence to modern Nigeria in October 1960. From the background of the aforementioned 1884/85 negative sovereignty treaties and continuing agitation of separatist groups in post-colonial Nigeria for improvement of their lots, the study makes a case for good governance, boosted by ethos of natural law and the social contract of governance, towards the advancement of civilization in the country.
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Taylor, James. "A social history of company law: Great Britain and the Australian colonies, 1854–1920." Business History 52, no. 5 (August 2010): 857–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2010.500167.
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Dhondt, Frederik. "Great Britain, International Law, and the Evolution of Maritime Strategic Thought, 1856–1914, written by Gabriela Frei." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international 24, no. 2 (June 9, 2022): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340205.
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Fabig, Holger. "Income mobility and the welfare state: an international comparison with panel data." Journal of European Social Policy 9, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a010295.
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This article examines gross and net equivalent income mobility in the western and eastern states of Germany, in Great Britain and in the United States, using panel data of these countries from the period 1989-95. By comparing the differences between the mobility of gross and net equivalent income internationally, it analyses to what extent the welfare state reduces income mobility, thereby testing hypotheses concerning international differences in the mobility-reducing effect of the welfare state. The results show that the largest mobility-reducing effect is observed in eastern states of Germany, followed by western Germany. While the reduction of gross equivalent income mobility by the tax and transfer system is much smaller in Great Britain, this reduction cannot be observed in the USA at all. These results support the hypothesis that the mobility-reducing effect of the tax and transfer system is much stronger in conservative welfare states like Germany than in liberal welfare states like Great Britain and the USA. Résumé Cet article étudie les flux de revenus brut et net (y compris transferts) des individus dans le temps en Allemagne de l'Est et de l'Ouest, en Grande-Bretagne et aux Etats-Unis à partir de données couvrant la période 1989-95. Sur base d'une comparaison international sur les dynamiques entre revenus équivalents nets et bruts, il analyse dans quelle mesure le système de protection sociale réduit ces différences. Les résultats indiquent que l'effet de réduction le plus important s'observe en Allemagne de l'Est, suivie de l'Allemagne de l'Ouest. Si en Grande-Bretagne, cette réduction par le système de redistribution et d'imposition est nettement plus faible, aucune réduction ne s'observe aux Etats-Unis. Ces résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'effet réducteur de la mobilité des revenus par le système d'imposition et de redistribution est plus important dans les systèmes de sécurité sociale conservateurs comme l'Allemagne que dans le systèmes de protection sociale qualifié de libéraux comme la Grande-Bretagne et les Etats-Unis.
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Lebedeva, Yulia V. "Brexatom and its legal consequences." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 13, no. 4 (2022): 990–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.410.
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The article provides information about the legal consequences of Brexatom after the entry into force on January 1, 2021 of the Agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the European Atomic Energy Community for cooperation on the safe and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. After the signing of the international agreement, a new stage of relations began for the Euratom and the UK, based on the provisions of international law and the IAEA’s “soft law” norms; although the peculiarity is that, the Parties recognized the four freedoms of internal nuclear common market of the EU. At the same time, the norms of English case law and EU law also formed the basis of bilateral relations between the UK and Euratom. Settling topical legal issues such as export controls, physical protection, nuclear safety, nuclear safeguards, enrichment, reprocessing, trade, procurement of equipment and devices, supply of nuclear material, nuclear transfers, the Euratom and the UK laid the basis law for further bilateral cooperation on nuclear research and development, exchange of information and technical expertise on matters within peaceful uses of nuclear energy. However, the UK maintains its participation in a number of European programs and projects. The European Commission and the Euratom began to rebuild the legal system for the supply of nuclear materials and to make changes to the work of the European nuclear fuel cycle. Further development of relations between the Great Britain and the Euratom will depend on London’s position and interests in the world nuclear market. If there is a clash of British interests for the European nuclear market with the companies of France, the USA, China and Russia, then this will lead to the legal regulation of bilateral relations between England and Euratom only based on international law.
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Browne, Katherine, and Catherine J. Nash. "Resisting LGBT Rights Where “We Have Won”: Canada and Great Britain." Journal of Human Rights 13, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2014.923754.
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Morris, Justin. "How Great is Britain? Power, Responsibility and Britain's Future Global Role." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 13, no. 3 (March 28, 2011): 326–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2011.00450.x.
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Chen, Li. "Universalism and Equal Sovereignty as Contested Myths of International Law in the Sino-Western Encounter." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international 13, no. 1 (2011): 75–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180511x552054.
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AbstractContrary to the relevant traditional historiography, this article argues that early modern Sino-Western conflicts are to a great extent attributable to the sustained contestation between China and the Western empires (particularly Britain) over their competing claims to sovereignty in China. The article shows that the Western empires' demand for extraterritoriality and natural rights to freely trade, travel, and proselytize in China originated in their assumption of universal sovereignty in the non-Christian world. The early Sino-Western encounter illustrates how the discourses of sovereign equality and universal justice, as two origin myths of modern international law and diplomacy, were constructed, deployed, challenged, and adapted in the course of Western expansion in the age of empire.
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Rigaldies, Francis, and José Woehrling. "Le juge interne canadien et le droit international." Les réactions de la doctrine à la création du droit par les juges 21, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 293–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042386ar.
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Given the almost total lack of constitutional or statutory provisions for the formulation and application of international law, Canadian courts have been invested with the basic responsibility for devising solutions to the problems that have arisen in this field. This paper examines how successful the courts have been as well as the way in which legal literature has reacted to their performance. It is the view of the authors that in dealing with international customary law, Canadian courts have applied solutions adapted from the law of Great Britain in a purely empirical way. While the absence of any theoretical framework has not been a crucial impediment until now, it is difficult to see how future problems can be resolved without any reference to basic principles. With respect to the interpretation and application of treaties, the transposition of principles derived from British practice to a federal context has been the source of notorious constitutional difficulties. Generally speaking, because of the traditional reverence accorded to the will of Parliamant, Canadian courts have been reluctant to recognize any measure of supremacy to international law.
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Lisitsyn-Svetlanov, Andrey G. "Theoretical foundations of International Criminal justice in the work “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace” (Moscow: Prospect, 2021. – 760 pp.)." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 7 (2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520021156-2.
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The review analyzes A.N. Savenkov’s monograph “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace” with a special emphasis on theoretical disputes and principled legal positions of legal scholars of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France in terms of understanding and types of international crimes; the possibility of bringing to criminal responsibility the state, its head and representatives of the ruling political group; understanding complicity in a crime; giving retroactive effect to the norms fixed in the Statute of the International military tribunal. The study scrupulously presents the arguments of each of the opposing parties. For the first time, the domestic reader gets the opportunity to get acquainted with the discussions held in Western specialized literature, therefore, one of the main scientific achievements of the monograph is the introduction into circulation of a huge, new array of bibliographic sources.
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Forbes, Kevin F., and Ernest M. Zampelli. "Accuracy of wind energy forecasts in Great Britain and prospects for improvement." Utilities Policy 67 (December 2020): 101111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101111.
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Duguid, Paul. "French Connections: The International Propagation of Trademarks in the Nineteenth Century." Enterprise & Society 10, no. 1 (March 2009): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700007837.
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The history of modern brands depends to a significant degree on the history of trademark law, but there are reasons to doubt how comprehensive standard versions of the latter history are. Business, economic, and even legal historians tend to accentuate the importance of the Anglo-Saxon common-law tradition and assume that the continental, civil law tradition followed in its wake. Yet the historical sequence of events suggests that almost exactly the opposite is true. Not only did the French have robust trademark law long before Great Britain and the United States, but the latter two countries only adopted trademark law after signing trademark clauses in diplomatic treaties with France. Drawing on newspaper accounts, public debates, specialist and general newspapers, as well as court cases and diplomatic negotiations, this paper argues that, to a certain degree, Anglo-Saxon trademark law was international before it was national. The evidence suggests that some of the easy verities on which arguments about modern brands, the “second industrial revolution,” and institutional economics are based may be more complex than is generally assumed.
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Chadwick, Elizabeth. "Gone with the War? Neutral State Responsibility and the Geneva Arbitration of 1872." Leiden Journal of International Law 12, no. 4 (December 1999): 787–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156599000400.
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The Geneva Arbitration of 1872 was convened to settle various differences between the United States and Great Britain and, in particular, American allegations of British collusion with regard to shipbuilding for the Southern Confederacy during the American Civil War. The Arbitrators ultimately found Britain liable, and awarded $15,500,000 to the United States. This decision remains controversial to the extent that it rested on rules which were not yet accepted as principles of general international law, and which clearly favoured the case of the United States from the outset. It is thus the purpose of this article to explore the facts behind the Geneva Arbitration, and to argue that the finding of British liability in Geneva marked the beginning decline of the laws of neutrality. Neutral Countries […] may be exploited by the Great Powers both strategically and as a source of additional armies and fleets. Of central importance to the game are those Neutral Countries and provinces which are designated as “Supply Centres.” […] A player's fighting strength is directly related to the number of Supply Centres he or she controls, whilst the game is won when one player controls at least 18 Supply Centres.
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Abu-Odeh, Lama. "On Law and the Transition to Market: The Case of Egypt." International Journal of Legal Information 37, no. 1 (2009): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003449.
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On the eve of independence from European colonialism, Egypt, like most other developing countries, undertook the project of de-linking itself from colonial economy through initiating domestic industrialization. The economic project known as Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) was designed to liberate Egypt from raw commodity production, agricultural and mineral, servicing its previous colonial master Great Britain. The engine of development would be an expanding public sector with nationalization and socialism as leitmotif. In re-orienting the economy towards industrial production, it was hoped that the terms of trade with the international economy for Egypt would significantly improve, leading thereby to an improvement in the living standards of its population.
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Nwaogazie, Innocent. "Diagnosis of Abortion Laws in Nigeria and Human Rights Trajectory: Lessons from Great Britain and United States of America." Nigerian Juridical Review 16 (June 28, 2022): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56284/tnjr.v16i1.21.
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Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before its birth for whatever reason. The present study is concerned with therapeutic abortion which is criminalized in Nigeria been the focus of this study. The Nigerian societal attitude to abortion is one of stereotyped stigmatization notwithstanding the validity of the reasons. The aim of the study is to examine the trajectory between abortion laws and human rights in Nigeria and the lessons Nigeria can learn from Great Britain and United States jurisdictions. The objective is to interrogate the extant abortion laws with a view to locating their inadequacies in the area of both the African and international human rights concerns of sexual and reproductive health of women on abortion rights. Using doctrinal design by reliance on primary and secondary sources analysed through deductive reasoning based on extant statutes and case law, this study interrogated the extant abortion laws in Nigeria in juxtaposition with the British and the United States legal framework on abortion as well as critical examination of the African and international human rights jurisprudences, and found out that the current position of abortion law in Nigeria is not in the same wavelength with both the African and international human rights jurisprudences on sexual and reproductive health rights of females to access safe abortions implicit in the fundamental rights and freedoms of privacy, non-discrimination, right to life, good health and bodily autonomy as it relates to unwanted pregnancies induced by other factors such as rape, incest or severe foetus abnormalities. The study recommended law reform by using the models provided by the British and United States legal framework to allow women access to legal abortion in deserving cases in conformity with African and international human rights treaties.
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Moretta, Andrew, Steve Tombs, and David Whyte. "The Escalating Crisis of Health and Safety Law Enforcement in Great Britain: What Does Brexit Mean?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 3134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053134.
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This paper explores occupational safety and health regulation in Great Britain following the UK’s exit from the European Union. In particular, the paper focuses on the credibility of regulatory enforcement. The prospects raised by the UK’s exit from the European Union have long been part of a free-market fantasy—even obsession—of right-wing politicians and their ideologues. As the UK’s relationship with the EU is recalibrated, this will present right-wing opportunists with a new rationale for undermining health and safety law and enforcement. The paper uses empirical evidence of Great Britain’s record in health and safety law enforcement to evidence a drift towards an extreme form of self-regulation. It deepens this evidence with a detailed analysis of key international policy debates, arguing that Brexit now raises an imminent threat of the UK entering a ‘race to the bottom’. The paper concludes that the 2021 EU/UK Trade and Co-operation Agreement may enable the UK to evade its formal health and safety responsibilities under the treaty because of the lack of the prospect of significant retaliatory ‘rebalancing’ measures. Should minimal health and safety requirements cease to apply in the post-EU era, then the UK Government will be free to pursue a system of self-regulation that will allow health and safety standards to fall even further behind those of other developed economies.
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Otynshiyeva, Aidana, Akhilbek Baikenzheyev, Joshua Castellino, Dina Baimakhanova, and Alua Ibrayeva. "International and legal aspects of citizenship on the basis of analysis of the legislation in Kazakhstan and Great Britain." International Journal of Public Law and Policy 6, no. 2 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijplap.2018.10016276.
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Otynshiyeva, Aidana A., Alua S. Ibrayeva, Joshua Castellino, Dina M. Baimakhanova, and Akhilbek S. Baikenzheyev. "International and legal aspects of citizenship on the basis of analysis of the legislation in Kazakhstan and Great Britain." International Journal of Public Law and Policy 6, no. 2 (2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijplap.2019.097539.
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Toon, Peter D. "Congratulations to the Department of Family Medicine of NWSMU named after I.I. Mechnikov for 25 years anniversary. Letter to the editorial board." Russian Family Doctor 25, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd64145.
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The letter briefly describes cooperation of the St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Studies and Royal college of general practitioners (Great Britain) with active participation of the author, aimed at improving the training of general practitioners in Russia and the contribution of the Department of Family Medicine of St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Studies (now North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov) in the implementation of joint international projects.
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Haersolte-von Hof, Jacomijn J. van. "US/UK Arbitration Concerning Heathrow Airport User Charges - Some Procedural Aspects." Leiden Journal of International Law 8, no. 1 (1995): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500003228.
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This arbitration arose under the Air Services Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (hereinafter: HMG) and the Government of the United States (hereinafter: USG) concluded at Bermuda, 23 July 1977, as subsequently amended. This Agreement, which is generally referred to as Bermuda 2, provides, inter alia, that airport charges should not discriminate between a state's domestic carriers and those of the other party, and that theparties should use their best efforts to ensure that charges should be based on certain principles.
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Robertson, Diana C., and Bodo B. Schlegelmilch. "Corporate institutionalization of ethics in the United States and Great Britain." Journal of Business Ethics 12, no. 4 (April 1993): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01666534.
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Naldi, Gino. "The Status of the Disputed Waters Surrounding Gibraltar." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 28, no. 4 (2013): 701–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341295.
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Abstract The long-standing dispute between Spain and the United Kingdom over the British overseas territory of Gibraltar was characterized in 2012 by repeated Spanish incursions into Gibraltar’s territorial sea. Spain claims these waters as Spanish historic waters that were never ceded to Great Britain under the Treaty of Utrecht 1713, and therefore insists that Gibraltar has no territorial sea. The United Kingdom maintains that Gibraltar’s entitlement to a territorial sea is in keeping with international law. Although the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht are open to interpretation, the Spanish position does not appear to be compatible with the law of the sea.
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Skrypniuk, Oleksandr. "International legal assistance to Ukraine in the fight against russian aggression." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE STATE, no. 13 (October 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2022-13-2.
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The article examines the issue of international assistance to Ukraine in the fight against Russia’s large-scale aggression. This aggression caused the biggest crisis of the system of international security, international law, and international relations after World War II and caused the destruction of the modern international order. At first, Russia’s actions caused a certain disunity in the democratic world. But the treacherous attack and the start of a full-scale war in the center of Europe rallied the leading states of NATO and the European Union. The main and consistent provider of aid to Ukraine is the United States of America and Great Britain. In total, US aid for the first three months of the war amounted to more than 50 billion dollars. Great Britain became a locomotive and an example for the old Europe in the defense and protection of democratic values. The next group of countries that came forward in defense of Ukraine and uncompromising support in the fight against the aggressor were Poland and the Baltic countries. The collective provider of aid to Ukraine is the European Union, NATO, the G7 countries, the IMF and other world, continental and regional organizations and associations. Thanks to military and technical assistance, Ukraine managed to contain the enemy and stabilize the front. In the article, considerable attention is paid to the problems of financial and economic, humanitarian, legal assistance in the investigation of crimes against the civilian population and assistance in the protection of cultural values, etc. A special and important direction of assistance is the support of Ukrainian refugees abroad (according to UN data, as of May 2022, there were 10 million of them) and assistance to displaced persons in the middle of the country. Key words: aggression, military-technical, financial, legal, humanitarian aid, states, international and European organizations.
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Van Gerven, W. "Bridging the Unbridgeable: Community and National Tort Laws after Francovich and Brasserie." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, no. 3 (July 1996): 507–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300059340.
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It has been believed for many years, indeed centuries, that the Channel between Great Britain and Continental Europe could be crossed only by boat. This belief has come to an end, albeit—at least for the time being—at a price which does not allow huge financial investments to be turned into a profit. The belief that in the legal field differences between English or Anglo-American common law and French and German—or, rather, Romanistic and Germanistic—legal systems are unbridgeable (or should I say “un-chunnelable”?) is even more widespread. That is the subject of this article: to show that differences between legal systems may, as a result of the European Union, be less unbridgeable than before, at least in certain areas of the law.
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Azaria, Danae. "Wightman et al. v. Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union." American Journal of International Law 113, no. 4 (October 2019): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2019.56.
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The CJEU held that the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is allowed to unilaterally revoke the notification of its intention to withdraw from the European Union (EU) as long as the revocation is submitted in writing to the European Council before the UK's withdrawal takes effect, and as long as the revocation is “unequivocal and unconditional, that is to say that the purpose of that revocation is to confirm the EU membership of the member state concerned under terms that are unchanged as regards its status as a member state, and that revocation brings the withdrawal procedure to an end” (para. 74).
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Magnusson, Jennie. "A Question of Definition – The Concept of Internal Armed Conflict in the Swedish Aliens Act." European Journal of Migration and Law 10, no. 4 (2008): 381–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181608x376863.
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AbstractFleeing the horrors of an internal armed conflict constitutes a ground for subsidiary protection under the Qualification Directive and in the Swedish Aliens Act. However, what is to be defined as such a conflict is disputed. This is obvious within the European context from the inconsistent interpretations of for example the situation in Iraq amongst Member States. In Sweden, the Migration Court of Appeal established the situation in Iraq as severe, but as not amounting to an armed conflict. In France and Great Britain however, Iraq is regarded as such a conflict. The argument of this article is that the concept of internal armed conflict in the Swedish Aliens Law is incoherent and inadequate. This is due to the fact that the Swedish interpretation is based upon international humanitarian law, a law which provides an unclear and anachronistic concept of internal armed conflict.
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Kennett, Wendy. "I. Jurisdiction." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 48, no. 4 (October 1999): 966–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058930006379x.
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The well established rule that an overseas company that establishes a place of business in Great Britain and does not provide an address for service can be served with process at that place of business1 was thrown into confusion by the insertion into the 1985 Companies Act of several new provisions including a new section 694A(2) which provides that process may only be served on a branch “in respect of the carrying on of the business of the branch”.2 The new rules did not purport to change the situation in relation to a place of business falling short of a branch, and thus created the anomaly that it was apparently easier to serve a place of business than a branch. The proper interpretation of these rules arose in Saab v. Saudi American Bank (Court of Appeal, 2 July 1999).3 Before the case was heard by the Court of Appeal, the new Civil Procedure Rules entered into force on 26 April 1999. Under Part 62(2):A company may be served by any method permitted under this Part as an alternative to the methods of service set out in—(a) section 725 of the Companies Act 1985 (service by leaving a document at or posting it to an authorised place);(b) section 695 of that Act (service on overseas companies); and(c) section 694A of that Act (service of documents on companies incorporated outside the UK and Gibraltar and having a branch in Great Britain).Under Part 6.5(6) where a party has not given an address for service, a document may be served on a company not registered in England and Wales at “any place of business of the company within the jurisdiction.”
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Gibson, Gary M. "Justice Delayed is Justice Denied." Ontario History 108, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 156–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050593ar.
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In 1811, William and James Crooks of Niagara built the schooner Lord Nelson. A year later, that vessel was seized by the United States Navy for violating American law, beginning a case unique in the relations between the United States, Great Britain and Canada. Although the seizure was declared illegal by an American court, settlement was delayed by actions taken (or not taken) by the American courts, Congress and the executive, the Canadian provincial and national governments, the British government, wars, rebellions, crime, international disputes and tribunals. It was 1930 before twenty-five descendants of the two brothers finally received any money.
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Baimuratov, M. O., and V. P. Ozhereliev. "THE ROLE OF THE RULES-BASED INTERNATIONAL ORDER DOCTRINE IN THE FORMATION OF RULES OF LAW: ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF PROJECTION ON THE NOOSPHERE MODEL." Соціальний Калейдоскоп 2, no. 1 (July 10, 2022): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47567/bomivit.2-1.2022.03.
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In this article, in the historiographical and legal aspect in the context of projection on a global topological information and noosphere, the authors consider the interaction between the conceptual structural components of the world civilization and legal system, as elements of a single legal triad: "Order-Rules-Law". In the meaningful sense, the terms of the terms "order", "rules" and "law" are the conceptual foundation of the doctrine "Rules-Based International Order" (RBIO), the name of which means "International (world) order based on the rules", and The International System Based on the Rules – The Rule Based International System (RBIS). The study of interactions between the components of the legal triad is of great importance for the study of the processes of formation of rules of law, especially in global systems of public international law and municipal law, as well as in international legal forecasting.
It is established that the modern balanced state of the IP-structure of the noosphere, according to the model that has historically developed, is a manifestation of the same "order and rules", which were naturally formed in the process of changing the types (forms) of the world order, which are reflected in the triad «Order-rules-rules- Right» that corresponds to the perceptions of Rbis and Rbio. They should be performed to prevent implosion (internal destruction) of the nuclear structure of the Noosphere, timely eliminate tendencies to autarcy entities of the nuclear of the Noosphere in the form of Russia and China, as well as to avoid the threat of complete reformatting of the "Christian world" "Islamic World Order".
Therefore, for a comprehensive study of the role of RBIO doctrine in the implementation of the rules of law, an objectively necessary is a deep – inclusive analysis of dynamic processes in the triad "Order – Rules – Law". It cannot be carried out without the study of archaic causes and development of public and municipal law, which took place at the turn of the XV-XVI centuries in line with the formation of a global topological double-circuit cone-nuclear information-law structure in the noosphere system. To this end, the authors use the bipolar model of the noosphere developed by them, which with the help of concepts about the topology of the global information and legal space allows to identify natural tendencies and identify natural mechanisms of support for the primate of Anglo-Saxon law on a global scale, in the context of ideas about RBIO and RBIS.
This methodology is aimed at preserving the sustainable development of world civilization, which in the concept of the model is represented on the one hand: system forming components of the noosphere shell-subjects of international public law in the form of the US Sides-System forming components of the nucleus of the Noosphere: Russia, India and China. This methodology is of particular importance in the conditions of manifestation of tendencies to reformat the IP structure of the noosphere: replacement of the archaic system of the "Christian world order" and its modern form of liberal world order-for "Islamic world order", which requires the correction of value instruments of international public and municipal law, which have historically formed on the basis of traditional concepts of Rbis-Rbio and the Anglo-Saxon law system.
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Baimuratov, M. O., and V. P. Ozhereliev. "THE ROLE OF THE RULES-BASED INTERNATIONAL ORDER DOCTRINE IN THE FORMATION OF RULES OF LAW: ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF PROJECTION ON THE NOOSPHERE MODEL." Соціальний Калейдоскоп 2, no. 3-4 (September 30, 2022): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47567/2709-0906.3-4.2022.40-63.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, in the historiographical and legal aspect in the context of projection on a global topological information and noosphere, the authors consider the interaction between the conceptual structural components of the world civilization and legal system, as elements of a single legal triad: "Order-Rules-Law". In the meaningful sense, the terms of the terms "order", "rules" and "law" are the conceptual foundation of the doctrine "Rules-Based International Order" (RBIO), the name of which means "International (world) order based on the rules", and The International System Based on the Rules – The Rule Based International System (RBIS). The study of interactions between the components of the legal triad is of great importance for the study of the processes of formation of rules of law, especially in global systems of public international law and municipal law, as well as in international legal forecasting.
It is established that the modern balanced state of the IP-structure of the noosphere, according to the model that has historically developed, is a manifestation of the same "order and rules", which were naturally formed in the process of changing the types (forms) of the world order, which are reflected in the triad «Order-rules-rules- Right» that corresponds to the perceptions of Rbis and Rbio. They should be performed to prevent implosion (internal destruction) of the nuclear structure of the Noosphere, timely eliminate tendencies to autarcy entities of the nuclear of the Noosphere in the form of Russia and China, as well as to avoid the threat of complete reformatting of the "Christian world" "Islamic World Order".
Therefore, for a comprehensive study of the role of RBIO doctrine in the implementation of the rules of law, an objectively necessary is a deep – inclusive analysis of dynamic processes in the triad "Order – Rules – Law". It cannot be carried out without the study of archaic causes and development of public and municipal law, which took place at the turn of the XV-XVI centuries in line with the formation of a global topological double-circuit cone-nuclear information-law structure in the noosphere system. To this end, the authors use the bipolar model of the noosphere developed by them, which with the help of concepts about the topology of the global information and legal space allows to identify natural tendencies and identify natural mechanisms of support for the primate of Anglo-Saxon law on a global scale, in the context of ideas about RBIO and RBIS.
This methodology is aimed at preserving the sustainable development of world civilization, which in the concept of the model is represented on the one hand: system forming components of the noosphere shell-subjects of international public law in the form of the US Sides-System forming components of the nucleus of the Noosphere: Russia, India and China. This methodology is of particular importance in the conditions of manifestation of tendencies to reformat the IP structure of the noosphere: replacement of the archaic system of the "Christian world order" and its modern form of liberal world order-for "Islamic world order", which requires the correction of value instruments of international public and municipal law, which have historically formed on the basis of traditional concepts of Rbis-Rbio and the Anglo-Saxon law system.
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Ellis, Evelyn. "Case C-84/94 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland v. Council, Judgment of 12 November 1996, not yet reported." Common Market Law Review 34, Issue 4 (August 1, 1997): 1049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/142278.
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Siekiera, Joanna. "Kondominium brytyjsko-francuskie — fenomen kolonialny na Vanuatu." Prawo 322 (July 6, 2017): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.322.6.
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The British-French condominium — the colonial phenomenon on VanuatuOver the entire 20th century, there was a joint government of France and the Great Britain in what is now the Republic of Vanuatu. This specific form of governance, called condominium, is legitimatised by the virtue of international law, but it occurs indeed rarely. This political system provides the equal distribution of rights and responsibilities in the colony, and also between the partner states. Nonetheless, the dual governments in Vanuatu deny this principle. The article presents the history of the Republic’s statehood as well as the implications of the joint British-French governments on the current legal order.
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Balliu, Henris. "Comparative Review of Tax Systems in the Republic of Albania and Great Britain." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejes-2018-0049.
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Abstract The taxation system is most certainly one of the main pillars of economic development towards sustainable growth.The aim of this paper is to critically assess the importance of an effective Tax System, its impact on the Albanian economy. Furthermore we shall outline a comparison of the Albanian Tax system to that of the United Kingdom. At this time a number of very important reforms are being undertaken by the government of Albania in light of future integration towards the European Union.The overview on the United Kingdom has the aim to enlighten the path on what should be our focus while building a Tax System that can help economic growth, to that effect Great Britain as a country of a stable and strong economy can be of example.Many differences can be noticed between the United Kingdom tax system and the Albanian one. This fact is simple to be accepted as Britain is one of the world superpowers, while the Albanian economy is a developing one. The tax systems in these two countries, the development history, application of VAT or Income Tax have had very different processions.The United Kingdom has one of the most voluminous Tax Acts in the world. The international company of legal research “LexisNexis” discovered that the Acts of Parliament on Taxation in the United Kingdom have more than doubled since 1997. The annual amendments to taxation are part of the Finance Act which has the power to change norms and principles of taxation as previously defined. Taxation in the United Kingdom usually includes payments for central government agencies called Her Majesty’s Revenues and Incomes and local councils. Local Councils collect a tax called business norms from businesses. The Albanian Taxation System consists of a packet of laws, regulations, guidance and tax agreements, on the procedure of application, measure, amendment and removal of taxes.Taxes are the main source of income in the state budget and the local government budget and the foundation of the whole Albanian tax system. In conclusion, we shall analyze the impact of the frequent changes to Taxation Law within the Albanian system and the challenges faced in light of this changes in terms of implementation and application.
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Xhelilaj, Ermal. "Legal instruments of the Law of the Sea related to the peaceful resolution of maritime disputes." Pomorstvo 36, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.36.1.14.
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During the last decades, the international practice has indicated that maritime disputes among coastal states have erupted as a result of direct infringements of maritime jurisdiction and rights of one coastal state towards another. These maritime disputes involve many aggravated issues and problems reflecting often conflicts of international nature which have to be tackled and given an appropriate resolution to avoid a possible escalation of a maritime conflict or crisis. The most problematic and dangerous cases related to these maritime conflicts are the maritime zones’ delimitation among coastal states which as their mechanism of sovereignty may utilize their armed forces to resolve the relevant disputes, considered very sensitive and paramount matters of national interests. The maritime dispute between Albania and Great Britain in the Corfu Channel incident is considered an aggravated interstate conflict where the armed forces of both coastal states confronted each other with lethal and extreme use of force. To avoid such a dangerous confrontation of maritime interests which can have dire consequences for international or regional peace and stability, the international organization such as the United Nations has adopted legal instruments for the resolution of maritime disputes through peaceful mechanisms and legal approaches such as international tribunals, international maritime conventions as well as diplomatic channels and political negotiations. It is the main objective of this article to examine these legal approaches and instruments to identify the legislative advantages and legal issues which may influence possible future maritime disputes among states.
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Vylegzhanin, A. N., Tim Potier, and E. A. Torkunova. "Towards Cementing International Law through Renaissance of the United Nations Charter." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 1 (July 25, 2020): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2020-1-6-25.
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INTRODUCTION. This year is the 75-th anniversary of the Great Victory of the Allies – Britain, the Soviet Union and the USA – over Nazi Germany. The most important legal result of this victory has become the Charter of the United Nations – the universal treaty initiated by Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the USA (and later – by China and France) aiming to save succeeding generations from the new world war by establishing United Nations mechanisms to maintain international peace and global security. The UN Charter has since become the foundation of modern international law, respected by States across continents and generations. That seems, however, to begin changing after the collapse of the Warsaw Pact, when its former-members «socialist» European countries (including Bulgaria and Poland) became a part of the Western military bloc – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). NATO seems to demonstrate now a new attitude to fundamental principles of the UN Charter, first of all, to the principle relating to the use of armed force only according to the UN Charter. NATO States-members launched in 1999 an air campaign against Serbia without authorization by the Security Council; then an ad hoc western coalition, led by the United States, resorted to armed force in 2003 against Iraq and organized in the occupied territory of Iraq the death penalty of the President Saddam Hussein. Even some western European States, France and Germany, first of all opposed such military action of the USA for ignoring the UN Charter. The apparent involvement of the USA in the unconstitutional removal of the Ukrainian President Yanukovich from power in Kiev in 2014 and the subsequent local war between those who recognize such a discharge as legitimate and those who do not (both referring to the right of self-defense) – these facts make the problem of international peace especially urgent. In this political environment, the risks of World War III seem to be increasing. This paper addresses such challenges to modern international law.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Th background of this research is represented by the teachings of distinguished scholars and other specialists in international law, as well as international materials including documents of the international conferences relevant to the topic. Some of such materials are alarming, noting that the international legal system is in danger of collapse and it is doubtful whether an international legal order will be possible in the coming decades at all. Others are not so pessimistic. The analytical framework includes also suggested interpretations of the UN Charter and other international treaties regulating interstate relations in the area of global security. The research is based on a number of methods such as comparative law and history of international law, formal logic, including synthesis of relevant facts and analogy.RESEARCH RESULTS. It is acknowledged that there is a need for a more coherent international legal order, with the system of international law being at its heart. Within the context of applicable principles and norms of international law, this article specifically provides the results of analysis of the following issues:1) centrifugal interpretations of international law as they are reflected in its sources; 2) the need for increasing the role of the UN Charter in the global international legal framework; 3) modern values of the UN Charter as an anti-confusion instrument; 4) the contemporary meaning of the Principles embedded in the UN Charter; 5) comparison of the main principles of international law and general principles of law; 6) jus cogens and the UN Charter.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. After discussing the issues noted above, this paper concludes that it is in the interest of the community of states as a whole to clarify the normative structure and hierarchy of modern international law. Greater discipline will need to be demonstrated in the use and classification of principles of international law and general principles of law in the meaning of Article 38 of the ICJ Statute. The content of jus cogens norms most probably will be gradually identified, after diffi lt discussions across the international community, both at interstate level and among academics. At the heart of such discussions may be the conclusion suggested in this paper on the peremptoriness of the principles of the United Nations Charter – Articles 1 and 2. Such an approach will further promote international law at the advanced quality of regulation of international relations and, for the good of all mankind, assist in the establishment of an international environment much more dependent on the rule of law.