Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International and municipal law – Bulgaria'
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Staker, Christopher Robert. "Acts of foreign States in municipal law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334169.
Full textMarinov, Marin kandidat na i︠u︡ridicheskite nauki. "Foreign direct investment in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Hungary : a comparative study of the current legislation." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26212.
Full textThe present study is divided into four parts. The first part states the thesis itself, the goals, and the structure of the discussion.
The second part provides the basic premises of the analysis, with emphasis on the current data on foreign investment in the three countries.
The third part presents the core of the comparative study and deals with the following issues: basic foreign investment laws, including corporate laws, property rights of foreign persons, currency regimes. Among other important aspects, attention is paid to the following subjects: general treatment of FDI, foreign investment in corporate capital, branches of transnational corporations, forms of FDI, special procedures for banking and insurance, closed sectors for FDI, financing of investment, incentives of FDI, domestic and international guarantees for FDI etc. The set of criteria used to assess the compared legislation focuses primarily on the essential features of that legislation. This narrow approach is expedient in terms of the huge area that relates to foreign investment.
The final part uses the findings of the comparative study of the relevant legislation in order to determine the reasons for the lagging interest of foreign investors in Bulgaria. These reasons are found not to be due to any deep-seated differences in the pertinent legislation, but rather to some other factors, such as historical, socio-cultural, and geopolitical.
The law in the present work is stated as of 1 January 1994. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Ketcheson, Jonathan William Gilbert. "The application of domestic law by international tribunals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283943.
Full textSasson, Monique. "Substantive law in investment treaty arbitration : the uneasy relationship of international law and municipal law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611808.
Full textMills, Alex. "The confluence of public and private international law : justice, pluralism and subsidiarity in the international constitutional ordering of private law /." Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9780521731300.
Full textBoll, Alfred Michael. "Multiple nationality : the context and significance of state practice in international law." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1540.
Full textTitle from title screen (viewed 21st January, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Law, University of Sydney. Bibliography: leaves 356-396. Also available in print form.
Boll, Alfred Michael. "Multiple nationality the context and significance of state practice in international law /." Connect to full text, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1540.
Full textTitle from title screen (viewed 21st January, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Law, University of Sydney. Bibliography: leaves 356-396. Also available in print form.
Bezuidenhout, A. E. M. (Anna Elizabeth Martha). "Die gelding van die volkereg in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/68727.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to Rumpf£ CJ in the Nduli decision, Roman-Dutch law is the fons et origo of the statement that customary international law is part of South African law. His sources, Fran~ois and Huber, are open to criticism because they are not Roman-Dutch authorities on this specific question, but the decisions in Ncumata v Matwa (1881-2), Du Toit v Kruger (1905), and Rex v Lionda (1944) emphasise that the reception of customary international law in South African law has taken place through Roman law. Various court decisions emphasise that the term Roman-Dutch law should not be interpreted narrowly, as it includes the common law of the whole of Western Europe and not only of the province Holland. If this quotation is interpreted in an ius commune context, it is clear why Rumpf£ CJ did not cite specific sources to prove his point: he accepted it as a given fact- as the jurists did in the middle ages. Roman-Dutch law serves only as a frame of reference out of which international law has developed. The courts therefore apply international law as international law and not as, for example, common law. Two important implications follow: firstly it means that customary international law need not to be transformed before the courts can apply the relevant rule and secondly that new rules of customary international law automatically form part of the law of South Africa. From the eighty South African court decisions discussed, it is clear that the courts do take judicial notice of customary international law. This justifies the statement that the judiciary regards customary international law as part of the law of South Africa since 1879. The influence of English law on this section of South African law must, according to Rumpf£ CJ, also be taken into account. The reason is that English law is the common law of the South African constitutional law which influences the application of international law by the courts. This can extend the courts' frame of reference. Only a fifth of the cases discussed refer to Roman-Dutch writers, and then only in a comparative sense. The South African courts rely mainly on Anglo-American decisions and tendencies. The South African courts follow their English counterparts by accepting the same qualifications on the general rule that customary international law forms part of the law of the land. The willingness of the courts to apply customary international law has diminished over the years especially in cases where state security features. It seems that politically contentious questions play an inhibiting role on the readiness of the courts to apply customary international law where conflict, real or imaginary, between customary international law and municipal law appears. Acts of state constitute the most important obstacle in the application of customary international law, because they could lead to the court abandoning its independent judicial function in favour of the executive. Because the South African courts follow the English law in this area also, it is assumed that safety measures developed there would be adopted by the South African courts to prevent their jurisdiction from being limited too easily. It is recommended that more attention should be given to the existence and application of customary international law principles and that a conscious effort must be made by the judiciary to resolve conflict between customary international law and municipal law and to do it in such a manner that due account is taken of the fact that in South Africa customary international law is part of the law of the land.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volgens Rumpff HR se uitspraak in die Ndu/i-beslissing, is Romeins-Hollandse reg die fons et origo van die stelling dat volkeregtelike gewoontereg dee! van Suid-Afrikaanse reg is. Sy bronne, Fran<;ois and Huber, is vatbaar vir kritiek omdat hulle nie Romeins-Hollandse gesag op hierdie spesifieke vraag is nie. Die beslissings in Ncumata v Matwa (1881-2), Du Toit v Kruger (1905), en Rex v Lionda (1944) beklemtoon egter dat die gelding van volkeregtelike gewoontereg in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg we/ deur die Romeinse reg plaasgevind het. Verskeie hofbeslissings beklemtoon verder dat die term Romeins-Hollandse reg nie eng gei"nterpreteer moet word nie, aangesien dit die gemenereg van die hele Wes-Europa omvat, en nie net die van die provinsie Holland nie. Indien hierdie aanhaling in 'n ius commune konteks gei"nterpreteer word, is dit duidelik waarom Rumpff HR nie spesifieke bronne aangehaal het om sy punt te bewys nie: hy het dit as 'n gegewe feit aanvaar - soos ook die juriste in die middeleeue. Romeins-Hollandse reg geld dus slegs as 'n verwysingsraamwerk waaruit die volkereg ontwikkel het. Die howe pas dus volkereg toe as volkereg en nie as, byvoorbeeld, gemenereg nie. Twee belangrike implikasies volg hieruit: eerstens beteken dit dat volkeregtelike gewoontereg nie getransformeer hoefte word voordat die howe die relevante reel toepas nie, en tweedens dat nuwe volkeregtelike gewoonteregreels outomaties dee! vorm van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg. Uit die tagtig Suid-Afrikaanse hofbeslissings wat bespreek is, is dit duidelik dat die howe wei geregtelik kennis neem van volkeregtelike gewoontereg. Dit regverdig dus die stelling dat die reg bank volkeregtelike gewoontereg reeds sedert 1879 as dee! van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg beskou. Die invloed van die Engelse reg op hierdie dee! van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg behoort volgens Rumpff HR ook in ag geneem te word. Die rede hiervoor is dat die Engelse reg die gemenereg van die Suid-Afrikaanse staatsreg vorm. Dit bei"nvloed die toepassing van die volkereg deur die howe- gevolglik kan dit die howe se verwysingsraamwerk uitbrei. Slegs 'n vyfde van die beslissings verwys na Romeins-Hollandse skrywers, en dan slegs in 'n vergelykende sin. Die Suid-Afrikaanse howe steun hoofsaaklik op Anglo-Amerikaanse beslissings en tendense. Die Suid-Afrikaanse howe volg hulle Engelse ewekniee deur dieselfde beperkinge op die algemene reel dat volkeregtelike gewoontereg dee! vorm van die reg van die land, te aanvaar. Die bereidwilligheid van die howe om volkeregtelike gewoontereg toe te pas het deur die jare afgeneerri, vera) waar staatsveiligheid ter sprake is. Dit blyk dat polities-kontensieuse vrae 'n striemende faktor is by die toepassing van volkeregtelike gewoontereg deur die howe, vera) waar daar 'n botsing tussen volkeregtelike gewoontereg en munisipale reg voorkom. Staatshandelinge is die verna.amste struikelblok by die toepassing van vol-keregtelike gewoontereg, aangesien dit daartoe kan lei dat die howe afstand kan doen van hul onafhanklike regsfunksie ten gunste van die uitvoerende gesag. Omdat die Suid-Afrikaanse howe die Engelse reg ook in hierdie gebied navolg, kan dit aanvaar word dat die veiligheidsma.atreels wat reeds daar ontstaan bet, deur die Suid-Afrikaanse howe gevolg sal word om te verhoed dat hul jurisdiksie ligtelik beperk sou kon word. Dit word dus aanbeveel dat aanda.g gegee word aan die bestaan en toepassing van volkeregtelike gewoonteregbeginsels en dat 'n daadwerklike poging deur die regbank gemaak moet word om botsings tussen volkeregtelike gewoontereg en munisipale reg te vermy, en om dit op so 'n wyse te doen dat in ag gehou word dat volkeregtelike gewoontereg in Suid-Afrika deel is van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg.
GRAF, VON LUCKNER Johannes. "Cornerstones of enhanced cooperation : the principles of openness and last resort in light of past experiences and future challenges." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/64644.
Full textSupervisor: Professor Deirdre Curtin
Enhanced cooperation is the EU’s most general, multi-purpose, and thus differentiation-friendly possibility to legislate without binding all Member States. After years of initial reluc-tance, it has been put into practice in a number of cases in the last years. In light of these developments, many perspectives on enhanced cooperation are worth revisiting. At the same time, the EU has recently been facing numerous fundamental challenges, and enhanced co-operation could be one of the tools for policy makers to consider when searching for solutions. It does so by analysing two crucial legal aspects of the enhanced cooperation mechanism in depth: the last resort principle and the principle of openness. Both principles stand out among the law governing enhanced cooperation as particularly important, defining notions – indeed, cornerstones of enhanced cooperation.
MARTINELLI, Thibault. "Intergovernmental action above, below and alongside the European Union : the law and practice of parallel and partial agreements between member states." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/74186.
Full textExamining Board: Professor Bruno de Witte (European University Insitute) ; Professor Marise Cremona (European University Institute) ; Professor Daniel Thym (Universität Konstanz) ; Professor Bernardus Smulders (Vrije Universiteit Brussel/European Commission)
In the last decades, the EU has gradually become Member States’ preferred vehicle through which they deepen intra-European cooperation. In that context, they act mainly through the European Union and its institutional apparatus, which they have endowed with defined missions and for the benefit of which they have limited their sovereign rights. Yet the establishment of the Union has also given rise to a Union system lato sensu outside the Union legal order stricto sensu but within the broader system of public international law within which that order is situated. In this grey area, Member States act collectively, alongside, below and above the Union in close connection with its integration agenda, by way of treaties governed by international law. In a cases-based analysis, this research unpacks those forms of intergovernmental action, from the early days of the EEC up until now. The thesis investigates the following questions: How to differentiate action through and outside the Union? Why do Member States take the intergovernmental route when they could have acted through the Union? What is the effect of ‘reverting to international law’ on the development of the Union and its institutional balance? And conversely how does Union law and its development affect the ways in which Member States act collectively outside the Union framework? The thesis ultimately nuances the dominant view that sees intergovernmental action in a negative normative light. In the current constitutional context, acting intergovernmental does carry significant risks in terms of legal compliance, accountability, and transparency. Yet many intergovernmental accords, it is argued, enhance, or protect the foundational trust between Member States and vis-à-vis the Union that makes common action possible.
CANTEKIN, Kayahan. "Global data flows and conflict of laws : a proposal for a new methodology." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/67290.
Full textExamining Board: Professor Giovanni Sartor (EUI, Supervisor); Professor Deirdre M. Curtin (EUI); Professor Horatia Muir-Watt (Sciences Po); Professor Dan Jerker B. Svantesson (Bond University)
This study examines how jurisdiction rules adapt to global data flows. To achieve this objective, a new methodological tool called the General Model of Conflicts Adjudication (GMCA) is formulated and used to analyze developments in American rules of personal jurisdiction and jurisdiction to prescribe which happened in parallel to technological and economic change. Chapter 1 examines how global data flows create economic and social dynamics that complicate the problems that conflict of laws rules must solve and explains the theoretical basis of the GMCA. Chapter 2 tests the explanatory power of the GMCA by using it to analyze the development of American personal jurisdiction rules starting with the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case of International Shoe (1945). The Chapter traces the adaptation of American conflict rules to technological developments, from the advent of the automobile to the proliferation of multinational corporations and the Internet. Commentary is made on recent important cases, such as Daimler (2014), BNSF Railway (2017), Bristol-Myers Squibb (2017), and Plixer v. Scrutinizer (2018). Apparent patterns in the development of the law and their normative implications are discussed using the GMCA. Chapter 3 focuses on the Microsoft. v. U.S. litigation (2016-2018) that concerned the extraterritorial reach of U.S. court orders in collecting electronic evidence stored in datacenters located abroad. The extensive documentation produced by the various governments, law enforcement agencies, service providers, and user groups that wanted to be involved in the dispute is examined and perceived interests of these stakeholders are determined. Commentary is made on the scholarly suggestions made for the solution of the problem. The CLOUD Act (2018), passed by the U.S. Congress to solve the issue, is examined and the comity-based solution of the Act is assessed within the GMCA. The work concludes with a summary of findings and a suggestion to use the GMCA in studying the ‘Europeanization’ of private international law.
Mangezi, Mutsa. "International law before municipal courts: the role of International Court of Justice decisions in domestic court proceedings with specific reference to United States case examples." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007325.
Full textMolitor, Michael Rene. "The United States Supreme Court and the law of the sea : an examination of the interpretation and application of international law by a municipal tribunal." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256288.
Full textBARANSKI, Marcin. "Constitutional pluralism in the European Union : a critical reassessment." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/72280.
Full textExamining Board: Professor Dennis M. Patterson (European University Institute); Professor Gábor Halmai (European University Institute); Professor Jan Komárek (University of Copenhagen); Professor Alexander Somek (University of Vienna)
The aim of this thesis is to offer a comprehensive and critical analysis of one of the most popular and prolific strands in European legal scholarship, i.e., constitutional pluralism. Specifically, the thesis seeks to challenge the central claim advanced by pluralist scholars with regard to the legal structure of the European Union: namely that the relationship between the EU and national legal orders is best conceptualized and understood as a heterarchical rather than hierarchical one. To that purpose, the thesis examines the work of leading scholars of pluralism– –Neil MacCormick, Kaarlo Tuori, Mattias Kumm, and Miguel Poiares Maduro–– all of whom advanced such heterarchical rather than hierarchical understandings of the aforesaid relationship. In so doing, the thesis attempts to address two main questions: first, does pluralism succeed in offering a descriptively and analytically sound account of the common European legal ordering; and second, how do the traditional, positivist, and hierarchical accounts of law fare in comparison with their pluralist contenders? The thesis concludes that while pluralist scholars should be given credit for bringing to light certain distinctive features of the European legal ordering, upon closer examination, their analyses appear to confirm (rather than deny) some crucial insights of said positivist theories, along with their allegedly outdated and distorting, hierarchical understanding of law and legality. Furthermore, it is argued that the pluralist attempts to set aside the positivist questions about the ultimate grounds of law, final authority and constitutional supremacy in the European Union prove unsuccessful in view of the growing constitutional disagreement therein. Finally, the thesis suggests that the nature of the current European legal or constitutional setting is better captured by the notion of national constitutional supremacy, rather than the core pluralist idea of heterarchy.
Wille, Angelo. "Die Pflicht der Organe der Europäischen Gemeinschaft zur loyalen Zusammenarbeit mit den Mitgliedstaaten." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52105797.html.
Full textKrenberger, Benjamin. "Deutschland im Spannungsfeld zwischen Europäischer Menschenrechtskonvention und nachzubefolgendem Besatzungsrecht : Reichweite der Verpflichtungen des souveränen Deutschlands nach der Liechtenstein-Entscheidung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/385300786.pdf.
Full textDelicostopoulos, Ioannis S. "Le procès civil à l'épreuve du droit processuel européen /." Paris : LGDJ, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/37181426X.pdf.
Full textBartels, Lorand. "Human rights conditionality in the EU's international agreements /." Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/490848184.pdf.
Full textKhalfan, Ashfaq. "State obligations beyond borders relating to economic, social and cultural rights : legal basis, extent and implications for development cooperation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669753.
Full textMikenberg, Eero. "Pskov region of the Russian Federation as foreign policy actor." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/211/.
Full textPh.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow, 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
Bauer, Stefan. "Die mitgliedstaatliche Finanzierung von Aufgaben der Daseinsvorsorge und das Beihilfeverbot des EG-Vertrages /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016404401&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textTuengerthal, Hansjürgen. "Zur Umsetzung von EG-Richtlinien und staatengerichteten EG-Entscheidungen in deutsches Recht : und Überprüfung der Umsetzung der Fleischhygienegebührenrechtsakte der EG /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/365118710.pdf.
Full textLu, Yun. "The preliminary ruling : jurisdictional mechanism of cooperation between the Court of Justice of the European Union and national courts." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182114.
Full textBarani, Luca. "Cour européenne de justice et les limites de son autonomie supranationale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210478.
Full textI) Limites inhérentes à l’interprétation juridique des Traités tels qu’ils se retrouvent dans les règles institutionnalisées du raisonnement de la Cour ;
II) L’interaction, au niveau européen, entre la Cour et les autres institutions ;
III) Les pressions et les stratégies d’influence des Etats membres vis-à-vis de la Cour comme agent de leurs préférences ;
IV) La dépendance structurelle de la Cour supranationale vis-à-vis ses interlocuteurs judiciaires au niveau national ;
V) Le degré d’obéissance que les appareils administratifs et exécutifs des Etats membres démontrent vis-à-vis la jurisprudence de la Cour.
Par rapport à ces facteurs, et leur importance relative dans la détermination de la ligne d’action de la Cour de Justice, la thèse évalue les changements et les défis auxquels est soumise la fonction de la Cour de justice au niveau de l’Union européenne, en particulier par rapport à l’environnement de plus en plus critique ou évolue la trajectoire jurisprudentielle de la Cour par rapport aux acteurs politiques et juridiques, l’érosion du caractère sui generis du droit communautaire dans le contexte du droit international, le rôle de plus en plus affiché des cours nationales, et le contexte institutionnel dans lequel se trouve à agir cette juridiction.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Marcondes, Rafael Marchetti. "A tributação da contraprestação paga pelo uso da imagem de artistas e esportistas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7020.
Full textThis work aims to examine taxation on compensation received by entertainers and sportspeople for the license granted to third parties to use their image rights. Current legislation approaches the matter in a generic way, either equating the use of an image right to a simple obligation to use or to an obligation to give or even not specifically regulating the subject. Therefore, we will present an investigative method by means of which it is possible to consistently decide whether or not to levy taxes in such operations. The proposal herein is to start examining the transaction concerning the use of an image by identifying the main activity agreed in order to subsequently evaluate if such rendering implies an obligation whose legal nature is either to do or to give. The conclusion for charging or not the various taxes will result from the comparison between each tax s material aspect and the legal nature of the analyzed obligation. Notwithstanding, we aim to previously define the characteristic features of personality rights, especially image rights, in order to be able to indicate the constitutional protection provided to the image in its several aspects: social image, sole external image and group external image, differentiating them from arena rights. The purpose is also to analyze distinctive features of the image, which make it a sole and unique right, as well as its legal nature from the several theories developed by the doctrine so as to define the parameters of the image. It is only after the abovementioned definition that this work will effectively examine the compensation gained by the image rights holder. The identification of the main activities involved and their legal nature will allow one to decide on the subsumption of facts concerning the use of the images of entertainers and sportspeople to the following taxes: Municipal Tax on Services (ISS), State Tax on Distribution of Goods, Transport and Communication Services (ICMS), Income Tax (IR), Social Contribution on Net Profits (CSL), Contribution for the Social Integration Program (PIS) and Contribution for the Financing of Social Security (COFINS), Contribution for Economic Intervention Royalties (CIDE-royalties) and Import and Export Duty. By examining the taxation by Income Tax, we will also analyze the possibility of entertainers and sportspeople to constitute legal entities aiming to exploit personal rights and the situations in which it is accepted to disregard the corporate entity. Finally, the paper will address the taxation regime applicable to international transactions comprising the use of the image of those entertainers and sportspeople, in situations which the purpose is an obligation to do and in those in which the purpose is an obligation to give, in compliance with OECD Model Convention and the treaties signed by Brazil in order to avoid double taxation
O trabalho tem por objetivo examinar a tributação da contraprestação recebida por artistas e esportistas em decorrência da licença concedida a terceiros para o uso do direito sobre a sua imagem. Como a legislação existente trata do assunto de forma genérica, ora equiparando a sua utilização a uma obrigação de fazer, ora a uma obrigação de dar, ou mesmo não regulando especificamente a matéria, apresentamos um método investigativo pelo qual é possível concluir com consistência pela incidência ou pela não incidência dos tributos nessas operações. A proposta aqui trazida é a de se examinarem os negócios que envolvam a utilização da imagem a partir da identificação da atividade-fim contratada, para, posteriormente, avaliar se tal prestação consiste em uma obrigação cuja natureza jurídica é de um fazer ou de um dar. A conclusão pela cobrança ou não das espécies tributárias decorrerá do confronto da materialidade de cada uma delas com a natureza jurídica da obrigação analisada. Antes, porém, vamos fixar os traços característicos dos direitos da personalidade e, em especial, do direito de imagem, passando a apontar a tutela constitucional conferida à imagem nas suas diferentes vertentes: atributo, retrato e retrato em obras coletivas, diferenciando-as do direito de arena. Também serão analisados os traços caracterizadores da imagem, que a tornam um direito único e singular, bem como a sua natureza jurídica a partir das diversas teorias desenvolvidas pela doutrina, a fim de delinear os contornos da imagem. Somente após isso é que o estudo passará efetivamente a examinar a contraprestação auferida pelo detentor da imagem, com base na identificação das atividades-fim envolvidas e sua natureza jurídica para concluir pela sujeição ou não dos fatos envolvendo o uso da imagem de artistas e esportistas ao ISS, ao ICMS, ao IR, à CSL, ao PIS e à COFINS, à CIDEroyalties, ao Imposto de Importação e ao de Exportação. Ao se examinar a tributação pelo IR, também será analisada a possibilidade de artistas e esportistas constituírem pessoas jurídicas com a finalidade de explorar direitos personalíssimos e as situações em que se admite a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica. Por fim, o estudo abordará o regime jurídico tributário aplicável às transações internacionais envolvendo o uso da imagem de artistas e esportistas, nas situações em que o fim pretendido é um fazer e naquelas em que ele consiste em um dar, diante do disposto na Convenção Modelo OCDE e nos tratados firmados pelo Brasil para evitar a dupla tributação da renda
BRAND, Marcus G. "Bulgaria in the Council of Europe : an appraisal after five years of membership." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5580.
Full textHsu, Hsu-yu, and 徐瑄輿. "Comparative Research on International Sales Law and Municipal Laws." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vmh36w.
Full text東吳大學
法律學系
96
International commercial or international trade which is the transaction over the national boundaries, is very complicate and among various scope. From the middle age, the lex mercatori which was formed by the community of international merchants who traveled from port to port and fair to fair, has already standard the actions between the merchants. During sixteenth to nineteen centuries, this was the period of the rising up of a-nation country and the development of national systems of law. There were also more and more conflicts of laws between different legal systems. Turning to contemporary, the third period of the international unification of international trade law on an international level, in order to resolve this situation, the uniform of the international trade law raise up. It resulted in a new law merchant which could reflect the spirit of today’s political and economic sphere. Sales of goods have always been an important part of the international trade. The periods of the unification of the international sales law were overlapped with the unification of the international trade law. In the period of contemporary after the World War Ⅱ, the unification of the international sales law was conducted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law( UNCITRAL). One of the most significant achievements was the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods (CISG) adopted by a diplomatic conference on 11 April 1980, the Convention establishes a comprehensive code of legal rules. The Convention entered into force on 1 January 1988. The Convention establishes a comprehensive code of legal rules governing the formation of contracts for the international sale of goods, the obligations of the buyer and seller, remedies for breach of contract and other aspects of the contract, such as the scope of application and general provisions, passing of risk, suspension of performance and anticipatory breach, exemption from liability to pay damages, preservation of the goods. In this thesis, we are going to discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between the international sales law (1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods, CISG) and some municipal laws, which include the Japan Civil Code, the Sale of Goods Ordinance of Hong Kong, the 1999 Uniform Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China, and the Taiwan Civil Code. As above mentioned, the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods establishes a comprehensive code of legal rules governing different part of the contract of sales of goods. In this thesis, we only discuss four section of the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sales of Goods, the formation of contracts for the international sale of goods, the obligations of the seller, the obligation of the buyer and the breach of the contract. In each chapter, we compare the CISG legal rules and the Japan Civil Code, the Sale of Goods Ordinance of Hong Kong, the 1999 Uniform Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China, and the Taiwan Civil Code, in order to find out the similarities and dissimilarities. The framework of this thesis is as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: The internationalization of international sales law Chapter 3: The history of the internationalization of international sales law Chapter 4: The formation of contracts Chapter 5: The obligation of the seller Chapter 6: The obligation of the buyer Chapter 7: The breach of the contracts Chapter 8: Conclusion
Olivier, Michèle Emily. "International law in South African municipal law: human rights procedure, policy and practice." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/743.
Full textLaw
LL. D. (Law)
Ward, Christopher. "International dispute resolution : the influence of international jurisprudence on domestic law." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148720.
Full textLILLI, Marco. "The principle of proportionality in EC law and its application in Norwegian law." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5458.
Full textHUNTER, Emilie. "The International Criminal Court and positive complementarity : the impact of the ICC's admissibility law and practice on domestic jurisdictions." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/34398.
Full textExamining Board: Professor Martin Scheinin, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Ruth Rubio-Marin, European University Institute; Professor Morten Bergsmo, Peking University, (Co-Supervisor); Professor Carsten Stahn, University of Leiden.
This thesis examines the effect of the International Criminal Court (ICC) on national criminal justice practices for core international crimes. It considers that the complementarity system of the ICC is firmly based upon the issues of admissibility established under Article 17 of the Rome Statute and that positive complementarity practices should remain coherent with and based upon that system. As such, the thesis is constructed to systematically analyse the legal requirements of 'admissibility-proof' criminal justice at the national level according to the law and early practices of the ICC. Through analysis of the applicable sources of law available to the ICC, including its emerging jurisprudence on admissibility, the thesis demonstrates that the ICC provides much greater latitude to national criminal jurisdictions than has previously been accepted and that this profoundly affects the concept of positive complementarity, including its legal foundation, its definition as well as its implementation, through policy and practice. Through analysis of each of the issues of admissibility the thesis proves that the emphasis on legal reform of substantive and procedural criminal law is over-emphasised to the negligence of several other factors. These factors include quantitative restrictions, shaped by the objects of reference of the ICC's own investigations and the ICC's case selection criteria. Turning to the indicators of willingness and ability, the thesis establishes that the early practice of the ICC has demonstrated that the complementarity system functions within a plural legal order that does not require States to exercise their criminal jurisdiction as a form of mimicry of the ICC, but largely according to the national laws and practices in place at the time. Notwithstanding this, the thesis argues that legal reform may be advisable to ensure the removal the omissions or procedural bars that could render a case admissible to the ICC.
NABLI, Beligh. "L'exercice des fonctions d'état membre de la Communauté Européenne : étude de la participation des organes étatiques à la production et à l'exécution du droit communautaire. Le cas français." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4722.
Full textExamining Board: M. Jacques Ziller, prof. à l'Institut Universitaire Européen ; Mme Jacqueline Dutheil de la Rochere, prof. à l'Université Paris II ; M. Jean-Claude Masclet, co-directeur de thèse, prof. à l'Université Paris I ; M. Bruno de Witte, prof. à l'Institut Universitaire Européen
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
MURKENS, Jo Eric Khushal. "Contested constitutional concepts : state, constitution, sovereignty in Germany and the United Kingdom, and the European challenge." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4721.
Full textExamining board: Prof. Neil Walker, European University Institute (supervisor) ; Prof. Bruno De Witte, European University Institute ; Prof. Carol Harlow, London School of Economics and Political Science ; Prof. Stefan Oeter, University of Hamburg
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
CARTABIA, Marta. "Principi supremi dell'ordinamento costituzionale e integrazione Europea." Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4591.
Full textExamining board: Prof. Antonio Baldassarre ; Prof. Paolo Caretti ; Prof. Renaud Dehousse ; Prof. Bruno de Witte (supervisor) ; Prof. Valerio Onida ; Prof. Federico Sorrentino
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
GNES, Matteo. "Diritto comunitario e tutela del cittadino nei confronti dei pubblici poteri." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4643.
Full textSupervisor: L.-M. Diez Picazo ; Jury members: J. Ziller, Y. Mény
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
In conseguenza del processo di integrazione europea, i cittadini dei paesi membri dell’Unione europea si trovano ad essere soggetti non solo alla normativa nazionale, ma anche - nei settori e nelle materie in cui i paesi membri hanno rinunciato alla propria esclusiva sovranità per trasferirla all’Unione - a quella comunitaria. Il che, da un lato, può portare ad una ulteriore complicazione dei rapporti tra le pubbliche istituzioni ed i cittadini, ma, dall’altro lato, può altresì portare ad una maggiore omogeneità nell’applicazione del diritto dei paesi comunitari, dato che la legislazione e l’interpretazione dei principi comunitari fanno (quasi) sempre riferimento ai principi comuni derivati dai vari paesi membri. Nei paesi dell’Europa comunitaria il paradigma che voleva esclusivamente bilateri i rapporti tra cittadino e Stato (ovvero tra cittadino e pubblica amministrazione) non trova più esclusiva applicazione1: infatti in aree cruciali per la vita economica dei paesi comunitari (dall’agricoltura alla concorrenza, dal credito alle imposte sul valore aggiunto), l’intervento comunitario é divenuto sempre maggiore, per non dire dominante.
PETROVIC, Drazen. "Differences and similarities between arguments on the direct effect of internal and external Community legal acts." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5651.
Full textWAGNER, Yvonne. "Deutsche Wiedervereinigung und europäische Einheit : Zu Zulaessigkeit und Grenzen der Uebergangsmassnahmen hinsichtlich des Gebotes der Einheitlichkeit im Gemeinschaftsrecht." Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5693.
Full textO'NEILL, Aidan. "The impact of the European Court of Justice on the constitutional order of the United Kingdom." Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5660.
Full textDRABKIN-REITER, Esther. "The Europeanisation of the law on legitimate expectations : recent case law of the English and European Union courts on the protection of legitimate expectations in administrative law." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/40324.
Full textSupervisor: Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute
This thesis considers the Europeanisation of English administrative law, in the specific context of the principle of protection of legitimate expectations. It assesses whether, how and to what extent the way in which the way in which legitimate expectations are protected in EU law has influenced the protection of legitimate expectations in English law. To make this assessment, a thorough analysis is conducted of case law in both jurisdictions. The thesis is structured into five main Chapters. Chapter A provides an introduction and looks at some general issues surrounding the concept of legitimate expectation, including which expectations are protectable and what is meant by legitimacy. Chapter B traces the development of the protection of legitimate expectations in English and EU law, and considers certain particular features in more detail for each jurisdiction, with the aim of establishing some parameters against which more recent case law can be tested and compared. In Chapter C an in-depth analysis of recent case law of the English courts, both falling within and outside the scope of EU law, is undertaken, and comparisons are drawn between these cases and with the traditional position of EU law on the protection of legitimate expectations. Chapter D contains a similar analysis in respect of recent cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Finally, Chapter E draws these analyses together and concludes that while there is limited convergence in the way English and EU courts approach the protection of legitimate expectations, both jurisdictions remain wary of external influence.
AUGUSTIN, Angela. "The influence of Community law on the Member States' criminal laws and its problems." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5473.
Full textDE, LA MARE Thomas. "Judicial cross-fertilisation in the European Community." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5569.
Full textNARDI, Wolfgang. "Die Einwirkung der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte auf nationale Gerichte." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5592.
Full textSCHLEISS, Yvonne. "The European Union and its regions : the position of sub-national levels in European integration and the contribution of the white paper on European governance." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5620.
Full textPOCHMARSKI, Robert. "Substitutive powers vis-a-vis regions : a means to improve compliance with European law? the cases of Germany, Italy and Austria." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5648.
Full textYIOLITIS, Emily. "Changing modes of governance : subsidiarity, partnership and democracy." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5696.
Full textLE, BRETON Gaelle. "La cooperation du juge national a l'ordre juridique communautaire 1992-1993." Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5461.
Full textKROEGER, Malte. "Disaggregation via 'governmental independence' : EU law as a trigger for domestic administrative authorities and the disaggregation of the member states' executive." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32134.
Full textSupervisor: Professor Loïc Azoulai, European University Institute.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The thesis addresses a recent development in EU administrative law at the interface between the principle of primacy of EU law and the competence of the Member States to enforce EU law. EU law obliges Member States in a growing number of directives or regulations to equip their administrative authorities with independence from the government (‘governmental inde-pendence’). On the basis of two recent decisions of the European Court of Justice concerning the independence of national data protection authorities the legal meaning of governmental independence will be elaborated. This thesis argues that there is a broader approach in EU law triggering the establishment of domestic independent administrative authorities. However, obliging Member States to decouple domestic authorities from the national government is not without consequences. In order to determine these consequences the reception of EU inde-pendence requirements in France and Germany is examined in-depth for which telecommuni-cations, data protection and statistics serve as the fields of reference. In the following, this thesis focuses on the effect within the executive of the Member States and claims that Mem-ber States lose their autonomy regarding the setting up of their internal administrative organi-sation while self-confident administrative authorities appear on the national level challenging governmental decisions: the disaggregating effect. In contrast to other analyses, this thesis provides arguments that this development is not directed to technocratic models of govern-ance, but to a more effective application and enforcement of EU law which exceeds field-specific approaches to independent institutions. Furthermore, the competence of the EU to oblige Member States to create independent domestic administrative authorities is neither constrained by the respect of the national identity (Article 4 (2) TEU) nor by the principle of institutional autonomy. However, granting independence to domestic independent administra-tive authorities combined with a re-integration to the European Commission infringes the principle of a decentralised administrative structure as laid down in Article 291 (1) TFEU.
FOURTOY, Frederic. "L'impact du droit communautaire secondaire sur le droit international privé français." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4627.
Full textExamining board: M. Christian Joerges, Directeur de recherches ; M. Eric Loquin, Codirecteur de recherches ; M. Hanns Ullrich, Suffragant ; Mme Elena Rodríguez Pineau, Suffragant
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Kuc, Oktawian. "International Court of Justice and municipal courts. Empirical and theoretical study on inter-judicial dialogue." Doctoral thesis, 2016.
Find full textCelem niniejszej pracy doktorskiej jest zbadanie, czy dialog międzysądowy pomiędzy Międzynarodowym Trybunałem Sprawiedliwości a sądami krajowymi istnieje oraz zaproponowanie pewnych empirycznych i teoretycznych ram opisu tego zjawiska.
NIGLIA, Leone. "Contract through Integration: The impact of the EC directive on unfair terms on national regimes of law of contract." Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4727.
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