Relevant bibliographies by topics / International agencies – Decision making

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'International agencies – Decision making'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "International agencies – Decision making"

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Baekkeskov, Erik. "Reputation-Seeking by a Government Agency in Europe." Administration & Society 49, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399714528177.

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Reputation-seeking can explain some decisions of U.S. federal agencies. However, it has remained unclear whether it could be used in the European context where agencies have proliferated in national and regional governance in the past few decades. This article shows that reputation-seeking can occur at autonomous agencies in the European context. A unique participant-observational study of an international public health agency acting in response to the 2009 H1N1 “swine” influenza pandemic provides bases for this conclusion. It adds empirical support for the proposition using real-time observations of and in-depth interviews on the agency’s decision-making processes.
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Bujar, Magdalena, Neil McAuslane, Patricia Connelly, and Stuart R. Walker. "Quality Decision-Making Practices in Pharmaceutical Companies and Regulatory Authorities: Current and Proposed Approaches to Its Documentation." Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science 54, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 1404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43441-020-00167-7.

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Abstract Background Pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies endeavor to relate their decision making with outcomes to improve future decision making and to ensure that gained knowledge is fed back into a learning system. Nevertheless, such a correlation can only be achieved by documenting the expected outcome of a decision at the time it is made, enabling comparison of the expected outcome with the actual result. Methods Participants at an international workshop discussed how the documentation of decisions could be evolved as companies and agencies look to improve their knowledge base. Discussions were informed by a pre-workshop survey of pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies. Results Most survey participants from 12 companies (55% response rate) and 11 agencies (73% response) have a system in place to enable documentation of major decisions, however, systems are used primarily to document outcomes rather than the process, while information from documentation is not always used, and feedback loops are not in place. The majority of participants indicated that their organization currently documents most decision-making practices included in the proposed template. Workshop participants agreed that all major past decisions should be referenceable and suggested incentives to enable decisions to be referenced, and confirmed elements and characteristics of a decision-documentation template. Conclusions This survey and workshop identified the current landscape and gaps in the documentation of decision making and suggested revisions for a proposed documentation template. The use of technology to enable information extraction with support from artificial intelligence and future decision making was a recommendation highlighted by participants.
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Galli, Brian J. "Economic Decision-Making and Risk Management." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 10, no. 4 (October 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.20211001.oa2.

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Because of the recent financial crisis in the United States that shook the financial sector, the need for adopting effective Risk Management practices has increased. Essentially, the volatility of the sector calls for an augmented re-evaluation of the framework, as well as the components of uncertainty management practices by commercial banks, regulatory agencies, and scholars. By doing so, the stakeholders in the financial sector would ensure the conformity to the best practices. To further fortify this, the research herein uses the Ames National Corporation (ANC), which is a commercial Bank in Iowa, USA, as a case study. The institution risk profile and risk management practices are evaluated to give insights on conforming to the best international practices. The research also seeks to establish whether effective risk management results in enhanced performance and profitability for financial institutions.Stating areas on which further research should be conducted is how the study is concluded.
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Faisal, Mohd Nishat, and Bilal Mustafa Khan. "Selecting an Advertising Agency: A Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 12, no. 4 (October 2008): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290801200402.

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Indian economy is evolving day by day, and with an upswing spending power of its inhabitants advertising has been emerging as one of the most effective tools for the companies to reach out to their customers. Best advertisement agencies create value through giving the product personality, developing an understanding of product/service, creating an image or memorable picture of that product and above all trying to distinguish the product apart from its competitors. Today, advertising budgets of companies are rising and thus there are numerous agencies in the market vying for their shares. But there exists no method, which can take into account numerous criterions and their impact simultaneously under consideration while selecting a best advertisement agency. Selecting an advertisement agency is a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem that requires considering large number of complex factors as multiple evaluation criteria. A robust MCDM method should consider the interactions among criteria. Analytic network process (ANP) is a relatively new MCDM method which can deal with all kinds of interactions systematically. This paper proposes an ANP based methodology for the selection of advertisement agencies. ANP is capable of measuring the relative importance that captures all indirect interactions in a network required to be considered in an advertisement agency selection and also their interactions. Additionally, the proposed model is evaluated for a case company.
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Hewitt, C. D., E. Allis, S. J. Mason, M. Muth, R. Pulwarty, J. Shumake-Guillemot, A. Bucher, et al. "Making Society Climate Resilient: International Progress under the Global Framework for Climate Services." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): E237—E252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0211.1.

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Abstract There is growing awareness among governments, businesses, and the general public of risks arising from changes to our climate on time scales from months through to decades. Some climatic changes could be unprecedented in their harmful socioeconomic impacts, while others with adequate forewarning and planning could offer benefits. There is therefore a pressing need for decision-makers, including policy-makers, to have access to and to use high-quality, accessible, relevant, and credible climate information about the past, present, and future to help make better-informed decisions and policies. We refer to the provision and use of such information as climate services. Established programs of research and operational activities are improving observations and climate monitoring, our understanding of climate processes, climate variability and change, and predictions and projections of the future climate. Delivering climate information (including data and knowledge) in a way that is usable and useful for decision-makers has had less attention, and society has yet to optimally benefit from the available information. While weather services routinely help weather-sensitive decision-making, similar services for decisions on longer time scales are less well established. Many organizations are now actively developing climate services, and a growing number of decision-makers are keen to benefit from such services. This article describes progress made over the past decade developing, delivering, and using climate services, in particular from the worldwide effort galvanizing around the Global Framework for Climate Services under the coordination of UN agencies. The article highlights challenges in making further progress and proposes potential new directions to address such challenges.
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Shmahelska, Marina. "World ratings: features of formation and impact on the on the country’s economic growth." Socio-Economic Research Bulletin, no. 2(77) (June 30, 2021): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33987/vsed.2(77).2021.181-192.

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The article investigates the ratings formation as a special type of activity that is actively implemented in a market economy. The process of creating a rating system is considered. It is established that the analysis results of economic entities activities are expressed as the results of evaluation in the rating scale. The main difference between the concepts of «rating» and «ranking» is determined, which allows building economic entities according to the ranking, that is, according to one of the indicators. The criteria that underlie the classification of ratings are analyzed. It is noted that in the economic literature, in most cases, it is carried out by rating agencies and companies. It is established that the rating process, as a business, has not only a methodological, but also a certain moral component. The regulatory element of rating agencies and features of their national and international rating scales are studied. A set (system) of national rating scales are determined, which provides the most complete and objective assessment of the issuer’s creditworthiness. The ratings of international rating agencies, which are assigned, usually, on two scales: international and national, are studied. It has been proven that changes in ratings play an important role for transactions with interest rate risks, as information for investors in decision making. The main methods of rating are established, which are largely closed. The leading credit ratings of international agencies, which are used by portfolio investors in decision-making, including country and regional ratings, are named. The main advantages that provide credibility to the ratings are substantiated, such as: the agency’s reputation; the agency has a generally recognized and accessible reporting methodology; differences in approaches to the analysis of rating subjects.
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Simonova, Marina D., and Elvira A. Yarnykh. "REVIEW OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF STATISTICAL AND ANALYTICAL DATA FOR THE ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 2-3 (2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2022-2-3-07.

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Under modern conditions, decision-making in the field of business and public administration requires reliable information. Comparable statistics on macroeconomic indicators, markets for goods and services, and the activities of international and national companies are based primarily on the standards of international and regional organizations. International statistical standards ensure the comparability of statistics necessary for adequate management decisions at all levels. This is the case with Internet resources and publications of international organizations and their statistical bodies, such as the UN Statistical Division, CIS-STAT, OECD, EU Statistical Commission, etc. Analytical publications of sectoral international organizations, branch agencies, international companies are aimed at specialized applied research.
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Hailey, David. "A preliminary survey on the influence of rapid health technology assessments." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, no. 03 (July 2009): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309990067.

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Objectives:The aim of this study was to obtain information on rapid health technology assessments (HTAs) prepared by members of the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA).Methods:A questionnaire was prepared, drawing on earlier INAHTA documents for recording HTA impact. A request for responses was sent to member agencies, seeking information on rapid HTA reports prepared during 2006.Results:Responses were provided on fifteen rapid HTAs, which covered both new and widely distributed technologies. The most common purpose for the HTAs (n= 8) was to inform coverage decisions, but other reasons included capital funding, formulary decisions, referral for treatment, program operation, guideline formulation, influence on routine practice, and indications for further research. All the rapid HTAs were considered by the agencies to have had some influence. The most common indications of influence were consideration by the decision maker, use of the HTA as reference material (bothn= 10), and acceptance of recommendations or conclusions (n= 8).Conclusions:Rapid HTAs are used for a broad range of technologies, to inform several types of decision, and are effective in informing the decision-making process. Supplementation of their findings by further assessments will be appropriate in some cases.
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Bronckers, Marco, and Yves Van Gerven. "Legal Remedies Under the EC’s New Chemicals Legislation REACH: Testing a New Model of European Governance." Common Market Law Review 46, Issue 6 (December 1, 2009): 1823–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2009075.

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The REACH legislation constitutes a milestone for the European Union. It sets new standards for environmental law, which are becoming the benchmark for many countries and companies around the world. This new chemicals legislation also introduces institutional novelties at the European level. An independent European agency with decision-making powers has been created to administer this complex and highly technical legislation. Nevertheless, the European Commission and the Member States have maintained direct influence over the agency’s work, and participate in various roles in the implementation of REACH. These environmental and institutional innovations are not making the position of companies, who are the immediate addressees of the legislation, any easier. The present article analyses the decision-making processes under REACH, and inquires which legal remedies, if any, registering companies have in the event they encounter decisions that adversely affect them. It will be shown that companies are not always in an enviable position. They are paying a price, it seems, for the still evolving institutional architecture of the European Union. In other words, the deficiencies in legal protection we identify point to more fundamental problems surrounding the effectiveness and accountability of European agencies. Thus, this analysis can also serve as a case study to test new models of European governance. The article offer recommendations for improvement.
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Tharp, Marye, and Jaeseok Jeong. "Executive Insights: The Global Network Communications Agency." Journal of International Marketing 9, no. 4 (December 2001): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.9.4.111.19939.

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Cross-ownership of brand-name agencies, spin-offs of functional areas, and incorporation of nontraditional marketing communications services are the structural foundations of the global network communications agency. Global capabilities are the new criteria for managing agency–client partnerships. In response, agencies differentiate themselves, increase input, and assure clients of uniform decision-making processes across their network by using “branded” decision tools and agency–client intranets. The core competencies expected from the global network communications agency include brand-planning skills, understanding of relevant consumers, decision aids that facilitate decision processes, information systems that maximize experiences and communications, and an ability to bridge cultures. These changes highlight the need to improve human resources management and the competitive appeal of service portfolios, as well as institutionalized knowledge sharing within networks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International agencies – Decision making"

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Ravndal, Ellen Jenny. "A force for peace : expanding the role of the UN Secretary-General under Trygve Lie, 1946-1953." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4524630e-0f72-4169-b3e3-c53d250a3424.

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The UN secretary-general plays an important political role in world politics, yet the UN Charter describes him merely as "the chief administrative officer of the Organization". How did such a development come about? The existing narrative tends to emphasise the contribution made by Dag Hammarskjöld, the United Nation's second secretary-general from 1953 to 1961. This thesis argues that there are two problems with this narrative. First, it overlooks the precedents set under the first UN secretary-general, Trygve Lie, who was in office from 1946 to 1953. Second, it places too much emphasis on the personal role played by Hammarskjöld, and fails to adequately consider the importance of institutional factors. The main empirical contribution of this thesis is to highlight the importance of precedents set during the first years of the UN's existence while Lie was secretary-general. Through his active stance on political issues in relation to Iran, Palestine, Berlin, Chinese representation, and Korea, as well as his consistently strong defence of the UN's unity and principles, Trygve Lie succeeded in carving out space for the secretary-general to act autonomously on political issues, which later secretaries-general could build on. The thesis' main theoretical contribution is to emphasise the importance of institutional factors in the development of the UN secretary-general's political role. In a conceptual framework based on institutionalism, the thesis explains how the UN secretary-general should be understood to play a 'role' within the 'institution' of the United Nations, and how this makes change of the role and the institution possible. Furthermore, through an examination of the founding of the United Nations and early expectations for the role of the secretary-general, the thesis shows that the institution of the United Nations had been set up from the start in such a way that it not only allowed for an expansion of the office of UN secretary-general, but also made such an expansion likely. The body of the thesis demonstrates how this process played out over time, by examining Lie's activities as secretary-general, and offering a historical narrative of several episodes where the institution 'pulled' to expand the office, just as much as, or even more than, Lie 'pushed' for the same outcome.
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Khalil, Doris Deedei. "A study of four international donor agencies : their role and influence in decision-making and health policy in Ghana from 1983-1995." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343997.

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Kelly, Michael T. "Effective communication, its significance to organizational decision-making in public agencies." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1986. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Moore-Nothnagel, Beatrice. "'n Ondersoek na die opkoms van kliëntepublikasies: moontlike riglyne vir adverteerders." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4038.

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Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte daarvan dat die vyf tydskrifte met die hoogste sirkulasiesyfer in Suid-Afrika almal kliëntepublikasies (Engels customer publications) is, skiet advertensie-agentskappe klaarblyklik steeds dié publikasies ten gunste van verbruikerspublikasies af omdat hulle dit waarskynlik nie as geloofwaardig beskou nie. Waar talle verbruikerstydskrifte egter min of geen groei in ’n ál meer mededingende en gefragmenteerde mark toon, ervaar die top-kliëntepublikasies steeds merkwaardige groei. In die verlede is die meeste kliëntepublikasies deur die betrokke maatskappy se bemarkingsbegroting gefinansier. Vandag egter, word finansiering al meer deur adverteerders verskaf. Die vraag wat dog dikwels deur skeptiese advertensie-agentskappe gevra word, is of derdeparty-adverteerders dieselfde waarde geniet as wat die maatskappy se handelsmerk in dié publikasies doen. Hoewel Suid-Afrikaanse kliëntetydskrifte net soos hul eweknieë in die VK en VSA die grootste sirkulasiesyfers het, geniet hulle egter nie dieselfde advertensie-ondersteuning as in dié lande nie. Dit is ’n interessante verskynsel en hierdie studie wil onder meer poog om vas te stel waarom dit so is. Kontrakuitgewers stem in die algemeen saam dat ’n standaard stel riglyne waarop advertensie-agentskappe hul besluitneming kan grond, beslis sal help om ’n gelukkiger stand van sake te bewerkstellig. Hierdie studie poog om binne die teoretiese raamwerk van die politieke ekonomie van die media ’n stel riglyne saam te stel waarop advertensie-agentskappe hul besluitneming oor advertensieplasing kan grond. Die metodologie wat gebruik is, behels veldnavorsing met indiepte-onderhoude as fundamentele navorsingstegniek en gevallestudies met inhoudsanalise as aanvullende tegniek. Om die riglyne te kon saamstel, is advertensie-agentskappe en die kontrakuitgewer New Media Publishing betrek en is vier kliëntetydskrifte – Edgars Club Magazine, Horizons, Skottel en Woolworths TASTE – ontleed.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite the fact that the five magazines with the largest circulation figures in South Africa are all customer publications, advertising agencies still seem to shun these publications in favour of consumer magazines because they say they do not deem them credible. Where several consumer magazines showed very little or no growth in an ever increasing and fragmented market, top customer publications continue to experience remarkable growth. In the past, most customer publications were financed by a company’s marketing budget. Today, however, they are often financed by advertisers. The question that sceptical advertising agencies ask is whether third party advertisers benefit from the same value as the company’s own brand. Although South African customer magazines have the same large circulation figures as their counterparts in America and the United Kingdom, they seem not to enjoy the same advertising support as these countries. This is an interesting phenomenon and this study aims to determine why that is the case. In general, contract publishers seem to agree that a standard set of guidelines on which advertising agencies could base their decision-making, would assist in ensuring a happier state of affairs. Within the theoretical framework of the political economy of the media, this study aims to compile a set of guidelines on which advertising agencies could base their decision-making regarding advertisement placements. The methodology includes field research with in-depth interviews as fundamental research technique and case studies with content analysis as supplementary technique. To compile these guidelines, advertising agencies and the contract publisher New Media Publishing are concerned and four customer magazines – Edgars Club Magazine, Horizons, Skottel and Woolworths TASTE – analysed.
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Stafford, D. (Daniel). "Cross-border venture capital investment decision making." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201605251912.

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Jackson, James F. C. "Regime theory, epistemic communities and international health decision-making." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268645.

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Azam, Akbar <1974&gt. "Strategic decision making in international firms: effect of top management team internationalization on international strategic decision process." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6886/1/azam_akbar_tesi.pdf.

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In this research project, I have integrated two research streams on international strategic decisions making in international firms: upper echelons or top management teams (TMT) internationalization research and international strategic decision making process research. Both research streams in international business literature have evolved independently, but there is a potential in combining these two streams of research. The first empirical paper “TMT internationalization and international strategic decision making process: a decision level analysis of rationality, speed, and performance” explores the influence of TMT internationalization on strategic decision rationality and speed and, subsequently, their effect on international strategic decision effectiveness (performance). The results show that the internationalization of TMT is positively related to decision effectiveness and this relationship is mediated by decision rationality while the hypotheses regarding the association between TMT internationalization and decision speed, and the mediating effect of speed were not supported. The second paper “TMT internationalization and international strategic decision rationality: the mediating role of international information” of my thesis is a simple but logical extension of first paper. The first paper showed that TMT Internationalization has a significant positive effect on international strategic decision rationality. The second paper explicitly showed that TMT internationalization affect on international strategic decision rationality comes from two sources: international experience (personal international knowledge and information) and international information collected from managerial international contacts. For this research project, I have collected data from international software firms in Pakistan. My research contributes to the literature on upper echelons theory and strategic decision making in context of international business and international firms by explicitly examining the link between TMT internationalization and characteristics of strategic decisions making process (i.e. rationality and speed) in international firms and their possible mediating effect on performance.
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Azam, Akbar <1974&gt. "Strategic decision making in international firms: effect of top management team internationalization on international strategic decision process." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6886/.

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In this research project, I have integrated two research streams on international strategic decisions making in international firms: upper echelons or top management teams (TMT) internationalization research and international strategic decision making process research. Both research streams in international business literature have evolved independently, but there is a potential in combining these two streams of research. The first empirical paper “TMT internationalization and international strategic decision making process: a decision level analysis of rationality, speed, and performance” explores the influence of TMT internationalization on strategic decision rationality and speed and, subsequently, their effect on international strategic decision effectiveness (performance). The results show that the internationalization of TMT is positively related to decision effectiveness and this relationship is mediated by decision rationality while the hypotheses regarding the association between TMT internationalization and decision speed, and the mediating effect of speed were not supported. The second paper “TMT internationalization and international strategic decision rationality: the mediating role of international information” of my thesis is a simple but logical extension of first paper. The first paper showed that TMT Internationalization has a significant positive effect on international strategic decision rationality. The second paper explicitly showed that TMT internationalization affect on international strategic decision rationality comes from two sources: international experience (personal international knowledge and information) and international information collected from managerial international contacts. For this research project, I have collected data from international software firms in Pakistan. My research contributes to the literature on upper echelons theory and strategic decision making in context of international business and international firms by explicitly examining the link between TMT internationalization and characteristics of strategic decisions making process (i.e. rationality and speed) in international firms and their possible mediating effect on performance.
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Mitchell, David Hermann Margaret G. "Making foreign policy Presidential management, advisors and the foreign policy decision-making process /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Schrefler, Lorna Sarah. "The role of economic analysis in the decision-making process of Independent Regulatory Agencies." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3393.

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It is conventional to argue that the autonomy and reputation of regulatory agencies depend on their expertise. Yet the studies on how independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) create and deploy their knowledge capacity are few and far apart. Normatively, the justification for delegating decision-making powers to IRAs is that they operate by using technical analysis and expertise rather than political considerations. But yet again, although delegation has been discussed as a design principle, systematic evidence on the conditions under which IRAs make use of knowledge and how is still scarce. The literature on knowledge utilization portrays a rather complex link between expertise and policy, where relevant knowledge is not always reflected in policy outcomes and plays several functions besides facilitating the solution of policy problems. Unfortunately, scholars of IRAs have not exploited the insights of this literature yet. This dissertation addresses the under-explored question of the usage of economic knowledge by IRAs. We identify four possible uses of expertise: instrumental (i.e., to solve problems); strategic (e.g. to advocate a position); symbolic (e.g., to gain legitimacy), and non-use. Our aim is to explain under which conditions a certain usage is more likely to occur. To do so, we draw on the methodological device of explanatory typologies (Elman 2005). Specifically, we select two explanatory dimensions that reflect both the context and the content of policy: the level of conflict in the policy arena, and the degree problem tractability. We use different combinations of these two dimensions to derive four hypotheses on the possible uses of expertise mentioned above. The elusive nature of knowledge utilization makes the identification and measurement of these different usages highly dependent on an in-depth understanding of the institutional, organisational, and political context in which a regulatory decision is taken. We have thus opted for a qualitative approach based on case studies and process tracing (Bennett 2010; Brady 2010; Freedman 2010) to appraise the four hypotheses. Empirically, we performed three case studies on regulatory policy decisions taken by the UK Office of Communications (Ofcom) between 2005 and 2010. We find that, given certain scope conditions, the prevalent use of economic analysis is instrumental - a finding that contradicts previous research that labelled instrumental learning as extremely rare, if not a sort of technocratic utopia. Other uses still exist however, and given other scope conditions regulators can be strategic and symbolic in their approach to knowledge and expertise. This is not surprising if we accept the notion that regulators operate in a policy environment that is eminently but not exclusively technical: to survive in a (at least partially) political environment, regulators have to deploy usages of knowledge that deviate from the instrumental type.
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Books on the topic "International agencies – Decision making"

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Bob, Reinalda, and Verbeek Bertjan 1960-, eds. Decision making within international organizations. London: Routledge, 2004.

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Bob, Reinalda, and Verbeek Bertjan 1960-, eds. Autonomous policy making by international organizations. London: Routledge, 1998.

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Benvenisti, Eyal. Public choice and global administrative law: Who's afraid of executive discretion. New York, NY: Institute for International Law and Justice, New York University School of Law, 2004.

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Kingsbury, Benedict. The emergence of global administrative law. New York, NY: Institute for International Law and Justice, 2004.

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M, Joachim Jutta, Reinalda Bob, and Verbeek Bertjan 1960-, eds. International organizations and implementation: Enforcers, managers and authorities. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2007.

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Zaĭt͡seva, O. G. Mezhdunarodnye organizat͡sii: Prini͡atie resheniĭ. Moskva: "Nauka," Glav. red. vostochnoĭ lit-ry, 1989.

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Efraim, Athena Debbie. Sovereign (in)equality in international organizations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2000.

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Hague Academy of International Law, ed. Law of global governance. [The Hague]: Hague Academy of International Law, 2014.

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Castro, Renato De. Decision making in regional organization: The EC and ASEAN experiences. Manila, Philippines: Foreign Service Institute, Research Development Center, 1989.

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Blumberg, Leora. Southern African regional organisations: Recommendations of an institutional nature on decision-making and dispute resolution. [Halfway House, South Africa]: Development Bank of Southern Africa, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "International agencies – Decision making"

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Cerreta, Maria, and Simona Panaro. "Collaborative Decision-Making Processes for Local Innovation: The CoULL Methodology in Living Labs Approach." In Regenerative Territories, 193–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_12.

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AbstractThe concept of the Living Lab is closely connected to the priorities of the Europe 2020 strategy and of the Digital Agenda for Europe and is the subject of numerous user-centric open innovation programs and European projects supported by the European ENoLL Network. The chapter presents a new methodology, called Collaborative Urban Living Lab (CoULL), to support the Collaborative Decision-Making Processes to activate local innovation processes at the neighbourhood, city or landscape scale. Starting from the Quintuple Helix framework and the literature review on the Living Lab concept, its extension to the city and territorial context, and the related people-centred approaches have been discussed. The potentials to using them for putting open innovation into practice and developing innovative solutions for the cities have been shown. Nowadays, the built environments need to accelerate the transition to sustainable, climate-neutral, inclusive, resilient, healthy and smart prosperous. In the last few years, the Living Lab approaches have been promoted and used by local and international research and innovation agencies in collaboration with enterprises, NGOs and local governments to find solutions to the new issues. However, the Living Lab methodologies to guide the urban scale’s co-development solutions are few and need more accurate research and experimentations. In that direction, the CoULL methodology, tested in four different research projects (including the REPAiR project), has defined a suitable process for supporting the co-design, co-production and co-decision cycles of urban innovative and sustainable solutions.
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Stevens, Wes. "Decision Making in Nonprofit Human Service Agencies." In Applications of Decision-Aiding Software, 253–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12498-5_16.

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Forrest, Jeffrey Yi-Lin, Jeananne Nicholls, Kurt Schimmel, and Sifeng Liu. "International Trade and Firm Performance." In Managerial Decision Making, 211–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28064-2_10.

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Elstein, Arthur S., Alan Schwartz, and Mathieu R. Nendaz. "Medical Decision Making." In International Handbook of Research in Medical Education, 231–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0462-6_9.

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Saaty, Thomas L., and Luis G. Vargas. "Infertility Decision Making." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 295–303. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1665-1_21.

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Saaty, Thomas L., and Luis G. Vargas. "Infertility Decision Making." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 323–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3597-6_23.

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Eiselt, H. A., Vladimir Marianov, and Joyendu Bhadury. "Multicriteria Decision Making." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 37–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23876-5_3.

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Rothlin, Stephan, and Dennis McCann. "Moral Decision-Making in Business." In International Business Ethics, 65–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47434-1_4.

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Roberts, Jonathan M. "The Decision-Maker." In Decision-Making during International Crises, 36–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19482-7_4.

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Keeley, Timothy Dean. "Communication and Decision-making." In International Human Resource Management in Japanese Firms, 141–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597655_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "International agencies – Decision making"

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Tran, Cuong, Ferdinando Fioretto, Pascal Van Hentenryck, and Zhiyan Yao. "Decision Making with Differential Privacy under a Fairness Lens." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/78.

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Many agencies release datasets and statistics about groups of individuals that are used as input to a number of critical decision processes. To conform with privacy and confidentiality requirements, these agencies are often required to release privacy-preserving versions of the data. This paper studies the release of differentially private datasets and analyzes their impact on some critical resource allocation tasks under a fairness perspective. The paper shows that, when the decisions take as input differentially private data, the noise added to achieve privacy disproportionately impacts some groups over others. The paper analyzes the reasons for these disproportionate impacts and proposes guidelines to mitigate these effects. The proposed approaches are evaluated on critical decision problems that use differentially private census data.
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Lin, Sheng-Wei, and Yu-Chun Su. "Factor affecting information technology outsourcing decision-making in travel agencies." In 2nd Annual International Conference on Tourism and Hospitality Research (THoR 2013). Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3426_thor13.39.

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Bahurmoz, Asma M. "Integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process Methodology into the Procedures of Decision Making in Governmental Agencies." In International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2014.110.

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Boucher, Laurel. "Elements of a Strong and Healthy Interagency Partnership." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96334.

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In an era of budget cuts and declining resources, an increased need exists for government agencies to develop formal and informal partnerships. Such partnerships are a means through which government agencies can use their resources to accomplish together what they cannot accomplish on their own. Interagency partnerships may involve multiple government agencies, private contractors, national laboratories, technology developers, public representatives, and other stakeholders. Four elements of strong and healthy interagency partnerships are presented as well as three needs that must be satisfied for the partnership to last. A diagnostic tool to measure the strength of these building blocks within an existing partnership is provided. Tools, techniques, and templates to develop these fundamental elements within a new partnership or to strengthen those within an already existing partnership are presented. This includes a comprehensive template for a partnership agreement along with practical suggestions as membership, operations, and decisions-making.
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dos Santos, Sidney Pereira, Maria Ange´lica S. Bittencourt, and Luiz Diogo Vasconcellos. "Compressor Station Availability: Managing Its Effects on Gas Pipeline Operation." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10560.

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As competitive market for gas transmission becomes more and more dynamic and we face an increase of regulatory agencies influence, the pressure on cutting down cost of service without affecting reliability and safety is a consequence. Notwithstanding this trend, transportation companies must act in a way that guarantees a fair return on investment and optimizes assets and operation costs. Contractual obligations play an important role since most of the contractual capacity is on a firm basis and subject to liabilities related to capacity shortage or interruption. Compressor stations availability study play a fundamental role in providing information that will support decision making in terms of defining a criterion for installing stand-by units. This paper presents two methods adopted for the Bolivia-Brazil Gas Pipeline Project: (1) Monte Carlo Simulation and (2) Scheduled and Unscheduled Maintenance. A technical end economic feasibility study is also presented to support the decision of installing stand-by units.
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Nguyen, Thanh H., Arunesh Sinha, and He He. "Partial Adversarial Behavior Deception in Security Games." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/40.

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Learning attacker behavior is an important research topic in security games as security agencies are often uncertain about attackers' decision making. Previous work has focused on developing various behavioral models of attackers based on historical attack data. However, a clever attacker can manipulate its attacks to fail such attack-driven learning, leading to ineffective defense strategies. We study attacker behavior deception with three main contributions. First, we propose a new model, named partial behavior deception model, in which there is a deceptive attacker (among multiple attackers) who controls a portion of attacks. Our model captures real-world security scenarios such as wildlife protection in which multiple poachers are present. Second, we introduce a new scalable algorithm, GAMBO, to compute an optimal deception strategy of the deceptive attacker. Our algorithm employs the projected gradient descent and uses the implicit function theorem for the computation of gradient. Third, we conduct a comprehensive set of experiments, showing a significant benefit for the attacker and loss for the defender due to attacker deception.
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Alves, Douglas, Ana Bahiense, Michelle Bastos, Cassiano Borges, and Gilson Lima. "A Brazilian Pipeline Incident Database: The PETROBRAS and TRANSPETRO Initiative." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78584.

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Statistical data available from several international sources, such as the reports provided by the European institutions EGIG, CONCAWE and UKOPA, as well as by the American Department of Transportation – DOT, indicate that pipelines represent the safest mode of transportation for hydrocarbons and other dangerous products when compared to other alternatives, such as road, rail, waterway, etc. Operators ensure a high level of safety of their pipelines by investing large amounts of effort and resources in accident prevention, efficient contingency procedures, environmental protection and reliability along the life cycle of their assets. However, the pipeline industry, both in Brazil and abroad, is frequently asked to demonstrate their safety performance both by environmental and regulatory agencies, as well as by society, considering the assets already in operation and also those that will still be built (new pipelines). Such requests are based on the most opened and detailed communication between pipeline operators and the other stakeholders involved. In this context, the organized and standardized collection of data related to pipeline failure events, such as failure mechanisms and their consequences, along with relevant and specific data regarding the assets and their operations, is essential to foster the process of knowledge construction on this topic. It allows generating consistent information both to meet the stakeholders’ requests and to improve risk management of pipelines by the operators, ultimately supporting decision-making. Therefore, this work aims to create a Brazilian Pipeline Incident Database, considering firstly gas pipelines and oil pipelines operated by TRANSPETRO, a PETROBRAS Subsidiary. This research intends to study the characteristics, the architectures, the assumptions and the principles adopted by the international pipeline failure databases currently available, considered here as benchmarks, in order to propose an analogous and specific structure for the reality of the Brazilian Pipeline System.
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Ale, B. J. M., G. M. H. Laheij, and J. G. Post. "The Use of Performance Criteria in Developing Standard Methods for Land-Use Planning." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1155.

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Abstract The assessment and management of risk has been a matter of public and political interest for some decades. The growing industry and the growing number of industrial products and services and the associated transport of goods have presented more and more partly unfamiliar hazards with which industry itself, but also the population and governments have had to cope. The Netherlands is one of the countries that struggled most explicitly with this problem. In the Netherlands risk is controlled by setting quantitative performance standards for the industry and for the spatial planners. These standards are expressed in limiting values for individual and societal risk. The standards are used in the policy to reduce the number of people exposed to the effects of an accident. In principle, the societal risk for each new land-use plan should be re-calculated. Since this is proving increasingly cumbersome for planning agencies, several methods have been developed to determine the effects of new land-use plans on the societal risk. These methods give the uniform population density from a certain distance around the establishment at which the indicative limit for the societal risk is not exceeded. Correction factors are determined for non-uniform population distributions around the establishment, non-continuous residence times and alternative societal risk limits. Using these methods allows decision-making without the necessity of repeating quantified risk analyses for each alternative proposal.
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Lawless, W. F., Mito Akiyoshi, John Whitton, Fjorentina Angjellari-Dajci, and Christian Poppeliers. "A Comparative Study of Stakeholder Participation in the Cleanup of Radioactive Wastes in the US, Japan and UK." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40219.

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We review case studies of stakeholder participation in the environmental cleanup of radioactive wastes in the United States, Japan and United Kingdom (e.g., [21,26,27,66,78]). Citizen participation programs in these three countries are at different stages: mature in the US, starting in Japan, and becoming operational in the UK. The US issue at the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina (SC) had been focused on citizens encouraging Federal (DOE; US Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA; and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or NRC) and State (SC’s Department of Health and Environmental Compliance, or DHEC) agencies to pursue “Plug-in-RODs” at SRS to simplify the regulations to accelerate closing seepage basins at SRS. In Japan, the Reprocessing of spent fuel and deep geological disposal of vitrified high-level waste have been among Japan’s priorities. A reprocessing plant in Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture is expected to commence operations in October 2010. The search of a site for a deep geological disposal facility has been ongoing since 2002. But the direct engagement of stakeholders has not occurred in Japan. Indirectly, stakeholders attempt to exert influence on decision-making with social movements, local elections, and litigation. In the UK, the issue is gaining effective citizen participation with the UK’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). We hope that the case studies from these countries may improve citizen participation.
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Shamsuzzaman, Muhammad. "Challenges of spatial planning in coastal regions of Bangladesh. A case for Chalna." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mkmg5699.

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The delta land Bangladesh has a unique coastline where numerous rivers meet the Bay of Bengal, creates a complex net of tidal river estuaries, forming the base for world’s largest mangrove forest the Sundarbans. Chalna is small town located at the confluence of Rupsha and Chunkuri rivers, only 9 km north of the Sundarbans, and a well know river port. The Sundarbans, which acts as a buffer between the sea and the human habitats including arable lands. The forest is rich in unique biodiversity and natural resources providing livelihoods of a large number of people living in the towns and villages around it. As the region is near the sea and land morphology is plain and of low altitude it is always vulnerable to natural disasters. Due to global warming and sea level rising the land mass is vulnerable to flooding. The sign of climate change; erratic behavior of rainfall and draught, intrusion of salinity etc., are changing the usual pattern of agriculture and fishing, affecting the livelihoods of the people here. The eco system of this mangrove forest is also threatened by recent policies of the Government and initiatives of private sectors of establishing high risk industrial establishments like thermal power plant, liquid petroleum gas stations etc., around Chalna and its surrounding region in sprawling manner. The potential of running large number of vessels through the rivers and canals of the Sundarbans might have negative impacts of the flora and fauna living there. Popular protests against these harmful interventions are being observed, international public organizations and concerned learned societies are also recommending not let these damaging developments going on. Although there are some promises from the government to the international agencies, there is no sign of management of such developments. This paper systematically investigates the reasons of this phenomenon, identifies the challenges and concludes that; absence of regional spatial planning in Bangladesh, neglecting the values of environment and public goods, defying the regulations in various ways and not accounting public opinions in the decision making process are the core ones.
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Reports on the topic "International agencies – Decision making"

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Brinkerhoff, Derick W., Sarah Frazer, and Lisa McGregor-Mirghani. Adapting to Learn and Learning to Adapt: Practical Insights from International Development Projects. RTI Press, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0015.1801.

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Adaptive programming and management principles focused on learning, experimentation, and evidence-based decision making are gaining traction with donor agencies and implementing partners in international development. Adaptation calls for using learning to inform adjustments during project implementation. This requires information gathering methods that promote reflection, learning, and adaption, beyond reporting on pre-specified data. A focus on adaptation changes traditional thinking about program cycle. It both erases the boundaries between design, implementation, and evaluation and reframes thinking to consider the complexity of development problems and nonlinear change pathways.Supportive management structures and processes are crucial for fostering adaptive management. Implementers and donors are experimenting with how procurement, contracting, work planning, and reporting can be modified to foster adaptive programming. Well-designed monitoring, evaluation, and learning systems can go beyond meeting accountability and reporting requirements to produce data and learning for evidence-based decision making and adaptive management. It is important to continue experimenting and learning to integrate adaptive programming and management into the operational policies and practices of donor agencies, country partners, and implementers. We need to devote ongoing effort to build the evidence base for the contributions of adaptive management to achieving international development results.
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Unal, Beyza, Julia Cournoyer, Calum Inverarity, and Yasmin Afina. Uncertainty and complexity in nuclear decision-making. Royal Institute of International Affairs, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135157.

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Complex systems modelling is already implemented in critical policy areas such as climate change and health. It could also play an important role in the nuclear weapons sphere – by opening alternative pathways that may help mitigate risks of confrontation and escalation – but such modelling has yet to be fully embraced by policymakers in this community. By applying a complexity lens, policy- and decision-makers at all stages along the nuclear chain of command might better understand how their actions could have significant consequences for international security and peace. Nuclear decision-making is shaped by, and interacts with, the ever-changing international security environment and nuclear weapons policy. Tackling problems in the nuclear weapons policy field requires the implementation of ‘system of systems’ design principles, mathematical modelling approaches and multidisciplinary analysis. This research paper presents nuclear weapons decision-making as a complex endeavour, with individual decisions being influenced by multiple factors such as reasoning, intuition (gut feeling), biases and system-level noise. At a time of crisis, these factors may combine to cause risks of escalation. The authors draw on past examples of near nuclear use to examine decision-making in the nuclear context as a ‘wicked problem’, with multi-layered, interacting and constantly fluctuating elements.
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Lenhardt, Amanda. Progress Towards Meaningful Women’s Participation in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Decision-makingt prevention and peacebuilding decision-making. Institute of Development Studies, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.044.

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The Women, Peace and Security or Gender Peace and Security (WPS/GPS) agenda has expanded significantly over the 20+ years of concerted efforts at many levels to expand the role of women in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Yet many authors note that the expansion of international agreements and national plans to support greater women’s participation in decision-making have yet to translate into concrete changes. This report examines progress in promoting women’s meaningful participation in decision making processes in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, with a focus on changes since 2018. Evidence on women’s meaningful participation in decision-making tends to focus on a small range of measurable outcomes with some studies considering the outcomes of women’s involvement in those processes to determine the extent to which they might be ‘meaningful’. Few studies examine differential outcomes of such initiatives for different groups of women, and most data does not allow for the disaggregation of intersecting identities between gender, ethnicity, race, disability, migration status and other key factors. Evidence collected for this report suggests that policies and programmes seeking to support greater women’s participation in decision-making in conflict prevention and peacebuilding often struggle to address the broader structural factors that inhibit women’s empowerment. Tackling longstanding and often deeply embedded harmful social norms has proven challenging across sectors, and in conflict or post-conflict settings with highly complex social dynamics, this can be especially difficult. Many of the issues highlighted in the literature as hindering progress on the WPS agenda relate to cross-cutting issues at the heart of gender inequality. Multiple authors from within women’s movements in conflict and post-conflict settings emphasise the need for policies and programmes that support women to act as agents of change in their own communities and which amplify their voices rather than speak on their behalf. Recent achievements in South Sudan and the Pacific region are indicative of the potential of women’s movements to affect change in conflict prevention and peacebuilding and suggest progress is being made in some areas, though gender equality in these processes may be a long way off.
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Vigneri, Marcella. Timely evaluation in international development. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmwp7.

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A central issue in impact evaluation is supporting quick data collection and analyses while an intervention is being rolled out to assist urgent decision-making or update knowledge of what works. This paper reviews approaches to timely evaluation that balance speed with rigour of analysis and are often combined with more standard evaluation methods. We review approaches to timely evaluation from different traditions and combine them in a conceptual framework that describes their goals, speed, and how they address complexity. Each method is paired with a case study to illustrate its value for international development evaluation research.
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Vigneri, Marcella, and Howard White. When time is of the essence: Timely evaluations in international development evaluation. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb8.

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Timely evaluations produce results when they are needed to inform decision making while using appropriate, rigorous designs. While traditionally evaluations are carried out at the end of a programme, this brief explores methods for evaluation during the course of a programme. Such approaches are important for informing decisions on project design for which information is needed in a timely manner. Timely evaluations can be used when trying out new intervention approaches, when working in a new context, or when the context is rapidly changing.
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Bano, Masooda. International Push for SBMCs and the Problem of Isomorphic Mimicry: Evidence from Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/102.

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Establishing School-Based Management Committees (SBMCs) is one of the most widely adopted and widely studied interventions aimed at addressing the learning crisis faced in many developing countries: giving parents and communities a certain degree of control over aspects of school management is assumed to increase school accountability and contribute to improvements in learning. Examining the case of Nigeria, which in 2005 adopted a national policy to establish SBMCs in state schools, this paper reviews the evidence available on SBMCs’ ability to mobilise communities, and the potential for this increased community participation to translate into improved learning. The paper shows that while local community participation can help improve school performance, the donor and state supported SBMCs struggle to stay active and have positive impact on school performance. Yet for ministries of education in many developing countries establishing SBMCs remains a priority intervention among the many initiatives aimed at improving education quality. The paper thus asks what makes the establishment of SBMCs a priority intervention for the Nigerian government. By presenting an analysis of the SBMC-related policy documents in Nigeria, the paper demonstrates that an intervention aimed at involving local communities and developing bottom-up approaches to identifying and designing education policies is itself entirely a product of top-down policy making, envisioned, developed, and funded almost entirely by the international development community. The entire process is reflective of isomorphic mimicry—a process whereby organisations attempt to mimic good behaviour to gain legitimacy, instead of fixing real challenges. Adopting the policy to establish SBMCs, which is heavily promoted by the international development community and does not require actual reform of the underlying political-economy challenges hindering investment in education, enables education ministries to mimic commitment to education reforms and attain the endorsement of the international community without addressing the real challenges. Like all cases of isomorphic mimicry, such policy adoption and implementation has costs: national ministries, as well as state- and district-level education authorities, end up devoting time, resources, and energy to planning, designing, and implementing an intervention for which neither the need nor the evidence of success is established. Additionally, such top-down measures prevent state agencies from identifying local opportunities for delivering the same goals more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost. The paper illustrates this with the case of the state of Kano: there is a rich indigenous culture of supporting community schools, yet, rather than learning why local communities support certain kinds of school but not state schools, and trying to replicate the lessons in state schools, the SBMC model introduced is designed by development agencies at the national level and is administratively complicated and resource-intensive. The opportunity for local learning has not been realised; instead, both the agenda and the implementation framework have been entirely shaped by international aid agencies. The paper thus demonstrates how apparently positive policy interventions resulting from pressure exerted by the international community could be having unintended consequences, given the national-level political-economy dynamics.
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Mwamba, Isaiah C., Mohamadali Morshedi, Suyash Padhye, Amir Davatgari, Soojin Yoon, Samuel Labi, and Makarand Hastak. Synthesis Study of Best Practices for Mapping and Coordinating Detours for Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) and Risk Assessment for Duration of Traffic Control Activities. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317344.

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Maintenance of traffic (MOT) during construction periods is critical to the success of project delivery and the overall mission of transportation agencies. MOT plans may include full road closures and coordination of detours near construction areas. Various state DOTs have designed their own manuals for detour mapping and coordination. However, very limited information is provided to select optimal detour routes. Moreover, closures or detours should provide not only measurable consequences, such as vehicle operating costs and added travel time, but also various unforeseen qualitative impacts, such as business impacts and inconvenience to local communities. Since the qualitative aspects are not easily measurable they tend to be neglected in systematic evaluations and decision-making processes. In this study, the current practices obtained based on an extensive literature review, a nation-wide survey, as well as a series of interviews with INDOT and other state DOTs are leveraged to (1) identify a comprehensive set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for detour route mapping, (2) understand how other state DOTs address the qualitative criteria, (3) identify how the involved risks during the planning, service time, and closure of the detour routes are managed, and (4) recommend process improvements for INDOT detour mapping guidelines. As demonstrated by two sample case studies, the proposed KPIs can be taken as a basis for developing a decision-support tool that enables decision-makers to consider both qualitative and quantitative aspects for optimal detour route mapping. In addition, the current INDOT detour policy can be updated based on the proposed process improvements.
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Hubbard, Sarah M., and Bryan Hubbard. Investigation of Strategic Deployment Opportunities for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) at INDOT. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317126.

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Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are increasingly used for a variety of applications related to INDOT’s mission including bridge inspection, traffic management, incident response, construction and roadway mapping. UAS have the potential to reduce costs and increase capabilities. Other state DOTs and transportation agencies have deployed UAS for an increasing number of applications due to technology advances that provide increased capabilities and lower costs, resulting from regulatory changes that simplified operations for small UAS under 55 pounds (aka, sUAS). This document provides an overview of UAS applications that may be appropriate for INDOT, as well as a description of the regulations that affect UAS operation as described in 14 CFR Part 107. The potential applications were prioritized using Quality Function Deployment (QFD), a methodology used in the aerospace industry that clearly communicates qualitative and ambiguous information with a transparent framework for decision making. The factors considered included technical feasibility, ease of adoption and stakeholder acceptance, activities underway at INDOT, and contribution to INDOT mission and goals. Dozens of interviews with INDOT personnel and stakeholders were held to get an accurate and varied perspective of potential for UAVs at INDOT. The initial prioritization was completed in early 2019 and identified three key areas: UAS for bridge inspection safety as a part of regular operations, UAS for construction with deliverables provided via construction contracts, and UAS for emergency management. Descriptions of current practices and opportunities for INDOT are provided for each of these applications. An estimate of the benefits and costs is identified, based on findings from other agencies as well as projections for INDOT. A benefit cost analysis for the application of UAS for bridge inspection safety suggests a benefit cost over one for the analysis period.
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Luo, Hao, Ricardo Chahine, Arianna Rambaram, Elizabeth Theresa Rosenzweig, Konstantina Gkritza, and Hua Cai. Assessing the Travel Demand and Mobility Impacts of Transformative Transportation Technologies in Indiana. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317374.

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The rapid development of transformative transportation technologies, such as bike-sharing, shared e-scooters, and ride-hailing systems, is reshaping the transportation landscape. These transformative transportation technologies have the potential to significantly change travel behavior and travel demand and affect transportation agencies’ planning, operations, and decision-making. The objective of this project is to develop a framework and models to quantify the potential travel demand and mobility impacts of transformative transportation technologies in Indiana cities. This project analyzed historical system usage data and conducted survey studies to evaluate the availability and use of transformative transportation technologies in select Indiana cities. The project also proposed a data-driven model to study the relationship between shared micro-mobility and the existing transit system and developed a simulation model to analyze the potential mode choice change under different future development scenarios. Additionally, based on a comprehensive literature review, a list of operations; environmental, health and safety; and accessibility and equity metrics were identified as the Key Performance Indicators to evaluate transformative transportation technologies. Furthermore, as this study was conducted in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impacts of the pandemic on both traditional and transformative transportation systems were also examined as documented in the literature and stated in our survey.
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Knowlton, Nancy, Emily Corcoran, Thomas Felis, Sebastian Ferse, Jasper de Goeij, Andréa Grottoli, Simon Harding, et al. Rebuilding Coral Reefs: A Decadal Grand Challenge. International Coral Reef Society and Future Earth Coasts, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53642/nrky9386.

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This document is the work of a team assembled by the International Coral Reef Society (ICRS). The mission of ICRS is to promote the acquisition and dissemination of scientific knowledge to secure the future of coral reefs, including via relevant policy frameworks and decision-making processes. This document seeks to highlight the urgency of taking action to conserve and restore reefs through protection and management measures, to provide a summary of the most relevant and recent natural and social science that provides guidance on these tasks, and to highlight implications of these findings for the numerous discussions and negotiations taking place at the global level.
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