Relevant bibliographies by topics / International

Academic literature on the topic 'International'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "International"

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Király, Miklós. "The Concept of International Sales in Uniform Law Instruments." European Review of Private Law 32, Issue 2 (May 1, 2024): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2024015.

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Deciding whether a contract of sale is an international transaction or not and according to which criteria is an inescapable task, not only for private international law (PIL) but also for the instruments aiming to create uniform substantive contract law. The paper reviews the different solutions from the 1930s to the development of the last decades, from the first drafts of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (‘UNIDROIT’) on international sales to the Draft Common European Sales Law. Of course, the Vienna Sales Convention (‘CISG’), as a successful international instrument, is also given special emphasis in this comparative and historical analysis. Although during the past century of unification, the definition of international character became clearer and simpler, much however depends on how broadly or narrowly legislators wish to define the scope of the uniform substantive law to facilitate the acceptance and ratification of an international convention. A further specific question is whether uniform law should apply to all international sales (universal application) or only to international transactions linked to Contracting States. The paper also analyses the different positions on this issue.Décider si un contrat de vente est une transaction internationale ou non et selon quels critères est une tâche incontournable, non seulement pour le droit international privé, mais aussi pour les instruments visant à créer un droit materiel uniforme des contrats. L’article passe en revue les différentes solutions depuis les années 1930 jusqu’à l’évolution des dernières décennies, des premiers projets d’UNIDROIT sur les ventes internationales au projet de droit commun européen de la vente. Bien entendu, la Convention de Vienne sur les ventes, en tant qu’instrument international couronné de succès, fait également l’objet d’une attention particulière dans le cadre de cette analyse comparative et historique. Bien qu’au cours du dernier siècle d’unification, la définition du caractère international soit devenue plus Claire et plus simple, beaucoup dépend toutefois de la manière dont les législateurs souhaitent définir le champ d’application du droit matériel uniforme pour faciliter l’acceptation et la ratification d’une convention internationale. Une autre question spécifique est de savoir si le droit uniforme devrait s’appliquer à toutes les ventes internationales (application universelle) ou seulement aux transactions internationals liées aux États contractants. Le document analyse également les différentes positions sur cette question.Die Entscheidung, ob ein Kaufvertrag ein internationals Geschäft ist oder nicht und nach welchen Kriterien, ist eine unausweichliche Aufgabe, nicht nur für das internationale Privatrecht, sondern auch für die Instrumente, die auf die Schaffung eines einheitlichen materiellen Vertragsrechts abzielen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Lösungen von den 1930er Jahren bis zu den Entwicklungen der letzten Jahrzehnte, von den ersten Entwürfen des UNIDROIT zum internationalen Kaufrecht bis zum Entwurf des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Kaufrechts. Natürlich wird auch das Wiener Kaufrechtsüberienkommen als erfolgreiches internationals Instrument in dieser vergleichenden und historischen Analyse besonders berücksichtigt. Obwohl die Definition des internationalen Charakters im Laufe des letzten Jahrhunderts der Vereinheitlichung klarer und einfacher geworden ist, hängt doch vieles davon ab, wie weit oder eng der Gesetzgeber den Anwendungsbereich des einheitlichen materiellen Rechts definieren will, um die Annahme und Ratifizierung eines internationalen Übereinkommens zu erleichtern. Eine weitere spezifische Frage ist, ob das einheitliche Recht für alle internationalen Verkäufe (universelle Anwendung) oder nur für internationale Transaktionen mit Verbindung zu Vertragsstaaten gelten soll. In dem Beitrag warden auch die verschiedenen Standpunkte zu dieser Frage analysiert.
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Goudie, Andrew. "International Association of Geomorphologists (Association Internationale des Géomorphologues)." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/50/2006/145.

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Dunoff, Jeffrey, and Mark Pollack. "International Judicial Practices: Opening the "Black Box" of International Courts." Michigan Journal of International Law, no. 40.1 (2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.40.1.international.

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This paper utilizes “practice theory” to identify and analyze the everyday practices of international judges, with particular focus on practices associated with judicial decision-making. Examining judicial practices illuminates a wide range of otherwise hidden activities that shape international judicial opinions; provides a pathway toward uncovering the subjective understandings that international judges attach to their own behaviors; and reveals underlying causal processes and mechanisms that influence tribunal decisions. By opening the “black box” of international courts, the practice turn permits us to shed light on their inner workings, and thereby enrich our understanding of these increasingly important bodies.
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Genord, Alexandra. "International Megan's Law as Compelled Speech." Michigan Law Review, no. 118.8 (2020): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.118.8.international.

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“The bearer was convicted of a sex offense against a minor, and is a covered sex offender pursuant to 22 United States Code Section 212b(c)(l).” International Megan’s Law (IML), passed in 2016, prohibits the State Department from issuing passports to individuals convicted of a sex offense against a minor unless those passports are branded with this phrase. The federal government's decision to brand its citizens’ passports with this stigmatizing message is novel and jarring, but the sole federal district court to consider a constitutional challenge to the passport identifier dismissed the plaintiffs’ First Amendment claim, deeming the provision government speech. This Note argues that this passport identifier is more appropriately analyzed as a form of compelled speech, triggering strict scrutiny review that the IML’s passport identifier would not survive.
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Mayer, Benoit. "International Advisory Proceedings on Climate Change." Michigan Journal of International Law, no. 44.1 (2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.44.1.international.

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Several island states are expected to be severely harmed by climate change and rising sea levels. In late 2021, several island states launched two legal initiatives aimed at requesting advisory opinions of international courts on the law applicable to climate change. In the hope of fostering more action to combat climate change, these states are asking international courts to clarify the obligations of states to cut greenhouse gas emissions and pay reparations for harm already caused. This article provides the first comprehensive assessment of the feasibility and desirability of international advisory proceedings on climate change. It analyzes recent developments and engages critically with the main substantive and procedural aspects of potential advisory proceedings. This article demonstrates that, contrary to the prevailing view, these well-intended initiatives are almost certain to fall short of their goals and may even be counterproductive. The likely failure of advisory proceedings on climate change results from several factors, including jurisdictional challenges and questions of judicial propriety. A court tasked with adjudicating such an advisory proceeding would find it difficult to determine the law applicable to key aspects of the questions presented, including modalities of burden-sharing in global climate change mitigation efforts. And even if a court were to offer a meaningful advisory opinion, it is highly uncertain whether powerful states would comply. These factors raise the risk that the issuance of an advisory opinion would further erode the credibility of international institutions, undermining the foundations of future cooperation combating climate change.
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Akseli, N. Orkun. "The Interpretation Philosophy of Secured Transaction Law Conventions." European Review of Private Law 21, Issue 5/6 (November 1, 2013): 1299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2013078.

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Abstract: Uniform secured transaction law conventions are critical instruments in efforts to reduce the cost of credit and increase cross-border investment and trade. They present neutral sets of rules. Their provisions need to be construed autonomously, considering their neutral and international character and the need to establish predictability, transactional certainty, and good faith. This article examines the interpretation philosophy of three significant uniform secured transaction law conventions, namely the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade, UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring, and UNIDROIT Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment. Résumé: Les conventions relatives à la législation uniforme sur les operations garanties sont des instruments indispensables pour réduire le coût du crédit, et pour accroître l'investissement et le commerce transfrontalier. Les conventions édictent des règles neutres. Leurs dispositions doivent être interprétées de façon autonome, à la lumière de leur caractère neutre et international et afin d'assurer une prévisibilité, une certitude transactionnelle ainsi que la bonne foi. Cet article examine la philosophie d'interprétation de trois conventions: la Convention des Nations Unies sur la Cession de Créances dans le Commerce International, la Convention d'Unidroit sur l'Affacturage International, et la Convention d'Unidroit relative aux Garanties Internationales Portant sur des Matériels d'Equipement Mobiles. Zusammenfassung: Die Konventionen zum Recht der Kreditsicherheiten spielen eine gewichtige Rolle für die Reduzierung von Kreditkosten und die Erleichterung von grenzüberschreitenden Investitionen und Handel. Sie stellen dabei neutrale Rechtsregeln dar. Die entsprechenden Vorschriften müssen demzufolge unter Berücksichtigung ihres neutralen und internationalen Charakters, sowie dem Grundsatz der Vorhersehbarkeit autonom ausgelegt werden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht die Auslegungsphilosophie von drei bedeutenden Konventionen zum Recht der Kreditsicherheiten, nämlich der UN Konvention über das Recht der Forderungsabtretung im internationalen Handel, der UNIDROIT Konvention über das internationale Factoring und der UNIDROIT Konvention über internationale Sicherungsrechte an beweglicher Ausrüstung.
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Dellapenna, Joseph. "International Law's Lessons for the Law of the Lakes." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 40.4 (2007): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.40.4.international.

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The eight Governors of the Great Lakes States signed a proposed new compact for the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence basin on December 13, 2005, and they joined with the Premiers of Ontario and Québec in a parallel agreement on the same topic on the same day. Neither document is legally binding-the proposed new compact because it has not yet been ratified by any State nor consented to by Congress; the parallel agreement because it is not intended to be legally binding. Both documents are designed to preclude the export of water from the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence basin apart from certain limited exceptions. The documents do little to promote rational resource management apart from limiting exports. There is debate over whether the two documents are adequate to achieve their announced goals and over whether the goals are the right ones. The lessons found in the well developed body of customary international law applicable to water resources, most recently summarized in the Berlin Rules on Water Resources, have largely been ignored. Comparison of the two documents with the Berlin Rules suggests that the documents will not provide satisfactory solutions to the challenges of managing the Great Lakes, even in the near future, given the broad ecological concerns that are not addressed in the two documents.
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Cuatrecasas, Lucas. "International Investment Policy and the Coming Wave of Data-Flow Disputes." Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 11.2 (2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.11.2.international.

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The ability to move digital data internationally has become an asset to countless businesses. Yet an increasing number of countries’ data regulations hinder these cross-border data flows. As such, many have speculated that companies could protect their interests in data flows through international investment law, a regime that lets companies sue foreign governments for harm to private assets. Yet the literature has largely been cursory or equivocal about these suits’ likely success. This Article argues that, under current law, such suits have a strong—if not unassailable—legal basis. Critically, the reality of global data regulation and digital commerce means such suits are only likely to arise in specific contexts. In those contexts, a close reading of the current law reveals that companies will have well-grounded arguments under the treaties, caselaw, and policy of today’s investment regime. The regime’s history also bodes well for them. The real viability of these suits has counterintuitive, opposing implications. On the one hand, such suits could bolster the resilience of—and even catalyze—beneficial domestic and international data regulation by solidifying emerging legal norms. On the other, they could deter countries from adopting such regulation. This negative effect results from the risk that international investment law, by superintending data regulation, will become a form of data regulation itself. To prevent this regulatory spillover, investment tribunals in data-flows cases should reinvigorate a longstanding but neglected tool in the international-investment caselaw: the Salini test. A binding application of Salini in data-flows cases can preserve international investment law’s ability to strengthen beneficial data regulation while ensuring the investment regime remains centered on its economic domain: capital flows—not data flows.
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Bitti, Gilbert. "Droit international - Cour pénale internationale." Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé N° 2, no. 2 (2015): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsc.1502.0483.

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Bitti, Gilbert. "Droit international - Cour pénale internationale." Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé N° 3, no. 3 (2016): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsc.1603.0609.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International"

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Chavagneux, Christian. "Analyser les organisations économiques internationales (Fonds Monétaire International-Banque mondiale-Banque des règlements internationaux) : une approche en termes déconomie politique internationale." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100106.

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Les organisations économiques internationales (OEI) sont présentées comme des institutions techniques, évoluant dans un monde où les rapports de force sont absents. L'objet de ce travail a été de montrer que cette dichotomie entre l'économique et le politique n'est pas représentatif du fonctionnement des OEI. Il a été mis en évidence que : les OEI sont placées au coeur de l'expression des asymétries de pouvoir entre acteurs étatiques. Elles reflètent également, résultat plus original, les rapports de forces entre acteurs privés et leurs asymétries qu'elles contribuent, comme pour les Etats, à entretenir. Elles s'inscrivent dans les processus de la répartition du pouvoir tel qu'il s'exerce dans l'économie mondiale, en participant aux basculements d'autorité entre acteurs étatiques et acteurs privés - au bénéfice de ces derniers. Elles contribuent aussi de manière paradoxale au dévéloppement de zones sans règle, en particulier dans la finance mondiale ; on a pu confirmer aussi leur capacité d'action politique autonome, en la caractérisant de plusieurs manières : sur les pays en développement, en tant qu'acteurs des dynamiques inetrnes de légitimisation politique des Etats, même si cela ne procède pas d'une stratégie délibérée, et dans le choix des moyens financiers qu'elles décident de mettre à leur disposition ; dans la concurrence qu'elles se livrent pour l'élargissement de leur champ d'intervention. Ces résultats nécéssitent de repenser les outils méthodologues qui permettent d'appréhender l'action des OEI. On montre que les approches d'Economie Politique Internationale, telles qu'elles ont été initiées et développées par Susan Strange, fournissent un cadre approprié car elles proposent des méthodes qui permettent d'associer les moyens d'analyse de la science économique et de la science politique. Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de ces approches et propose une économie politique internationale des OEI.
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Brandstätter, Jana. "International divergierende demographische Entwicklungen und internationale Kapitalbewegungen." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989361004/04.

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Tukan, Lina. "Equité et nouvel ordre économique international." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0024.

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La revalorisation de la notion d'équité, nettement apparente dans le contexte de l'instauration d'un nouvel ordre économique international, s'insère dans un effort de moralisation du droit international. L'équité n'apparait plus comme un simple facteur utilisé par le juge dans le processus d'application du droit ; elle est invoquée au niveau de la definition des règles juridiques et inspire l'élaboration de nouvelles normes ou la transformation d'anciennes normes en vue d'introduire plus de justice dans les relations internationales. Dans l'optique du nouvel ordre international, la signification de l'équité s'apparente aussi a l'idée de justice distributive. L'intégration de l'équité au droit positif, comme dans le cadre du nouveau droit de la mer ou de la succession d'Etats, produit des "standards" flexibles pouvant s'adapter a une variété de situations faisant corps avec la règle de droit, l'équité permet de consacrer une solution individualisée à chaque cas concret et constitue un véhicule permettant aux idées evolutives de justice de s'inflitrer dans le droit positif. L'invocation constante de l'équité dans des résolutions d'organisation internationales constate une rupture entre la légalite en vigueur et la légitimité et déconsidère les règles jugées injustes. La délégitimisation de ces règles peut eventuellement conduire a leur abrogation. S'opposant par définition à l'idée d'abstraction et se présentant comme une protestation contre la généralité de certaines règles, l'équité prend la forme d'une égalité proportionnelle et justifie un traitement différencié des pays en developpement. En tant qu'application des idees de la justice distributive, l'équité compensatrice fonde le principe du traitement préférentiel en faveur de ces pays. L'équité inspire le régime du patrimoine commun de l'humanité : partage équitable des avantages de la zone et de la lune, accès équitable à l'utilisation du spectre des fréquences et de l'orbite privilégiée. Sur le plan institutionnel, l'équité s'est traduite par une dissociation partielle entre la contribution financière et le pouvoir de décision dans les institutions du nouvel ordre (fida, fonds commun) et par l'institution de mécanismes tendant à promouvoir des termes de l'échange plus justes et équitables.
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Tabournel, Jean-Simon. "Nouvel ordre économique international et pouvoir." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020113.

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Le projet de nouvel ordre economique international (noei) tente de rebatir, a partir de la reconnaissance d'interets mutuels, des relations fondees jusqu'ici sur les rapports de force et la logique des interets divergents. L'hypothese est que cette pretention a proposer une nouvelle cybernetique internationale a ete combattue par les forces dominantes parce qu'elle a heurte de front le systeme mondial actuel dont la crise cache en realite un redeploiement geographique, politique et technologique fondamental. La demonstration est menee en trois parties, dans une approche machiavelienne. La premiere partie montre comment l'ideologie des classes dirigeantes mondiales dont le paradigme de reference est la transnationalite, impose un modele de developpement extraverti, qui fragilise l'ensemble des partenaires. C'est cette logique globale que conteste le projet de noei. La deuxieme partie presente le contenu du noei, qui, au travers des diverses perceptions que les protagonistes en ont (bouleversement pour les uns, offre de cooperation pour les autres) constitue une doctrine de nationalisme socio-economique voulant concilier la croissance economique et la couverture des besoins essentiels des populations; la dimension mythique du noei apparait, en termes d'ethno-psychiatrie, comme un phenomene de compensation et de sublimation, mais egalement comme un projet contre-utopique. La troisieme partie demonte les mecanismes de destruction du projet de noei: d'abord, des utopies de recuperation et des critiques doctrinales font voir la nocivite du projet, et son caractere "semi-socialiste"; ensuite, les etats des tiersmondes sont intrinsequement incapables de porter la dynamique globale du projet de noei; enfin, les tiers-mondes sont reduits a un terrain de parcours par la geopolitique et la geostrategie des deux super-grands et sont considerablement affaiblis par les strategies multinationales. Le projet de noei est lamine par la logique du capitalisme transnational
Based on the acknowlegement of mutual interests, the project for a new international economic order is an attempt at establishing a new type of relationships hitherto lying on the balance of power and the logic of conflicting interests. The hypothesis is that this claim to put forward new international cybernetics has been resisted by the ruling powers because it went against the current world system whose state of crisis helps indeed to hide geographical, political and technological basic redeployment. The demonstration, which falls into three parts, follows a machiavelian approach. The first part shows how the ideology of the world governing classes, whose paradigm of reference is transnationality, imposes a type of outward development weakening all the partners; such is the global logic which is challenged by the nieo project. The second part expounds the contents of the nieo which, through the various perceptions of the protagonists - upheaval for some, offer of cooperation for others - make up a doctine of socio-economic nationalism whose ambition is to reconcile economic growth and provision of the essential needs of the populations. The mythical dimension of the nieo project can be viewed, in terms of ethno-psychiatry, as a phenomenon of compensation and sublimation, and also as a counter-utopian project. The third part highlights the process of destruction of the nieo; first the noxiousness of the project and its "semi-socialist" character are exposed through doctrinal criticism and utopias that take over part of its contents, then the third-world states are intrinsically unable to sustain the overall dynamic of the nieo project. Eventually, the third world countries are brought into line by the geographical and geostrategical requirements of the two superpowers and are considerably weakened by the policies of multinational firms. The nieo project is wrecked by the logic of transnational capitalism
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Randretsa, Thierry. "Bombardement aérien et norme d’immunité des non-combattants." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30071/document.

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Norme séculaire et universelle, l’immunité des non-combattants a été gravement affectée par l’avènement de l’arme aérienne. L’introduction de la troisième dimension dans la guerre a permis d’attaquer des objectifs à l’arrière des lignes de front. Dans le contexte de la guerre totale, le bombardement stratégique a érigé la population et les biens civils en objectifs militaires afin de porter atteinte au moral de la première et de hâter la fin du conflit. Le résultat a été le massacre de millions de civils pour un bilan militaire plutôt mitigé. Ces bombardements tranchent avec la pratique actuelle par laquelle les États-majors s’efforcent de prévenir au maximum les dommages collatéraux. Comment expliquer un tel gouffre dans la manière d’envisager le bombardement aérien ?La population est devenue le centre de gravité des conflits contemporains. Que ce soit dans les interventions humanitaires ou dans la stratégie de la contre-insurrection, il convient de la préserver et de la conquérir sous peine de voir la mission échouer. Cette approche est exacerbée par la géographie moderne de la guerre se déroulant au sein de la population. Elle est compliquée par l’asymétrie morale opposée par les belligérants non-étatiques, se distinguant peu des civils et opérant à proximité ou à l’intérieur de zones peuplées. Dès lors, un paradigme de la modération s’applique aux bombardements aériens poussant parfois le commandement à aller au-delà du droit international humanitaire, là où, pendant une bonne partie du XXème siècle, ils étaient encore soumis au paradigme de la force de la guerre traditionnelle
Immunity of non-combatants is a secular and universal norm which has been severely affected by the advent of air power. The introduction of the third dimension in the war led to attack targets behind the front lines. In the context of total war, strategic bombing has elevated population and civilian objects as military targets in order to undermine the morale of the first and hasten the end of the conflict. The result was the massacre of millions of civilians for a military rather mixed record. These bombings contrast with the current practice whereby staffs strive to maximize the prevention of collateral damage. How to explain such a gap in the approach of aerial bombardment?The population has become the center of gravity of contemporary conflicts. Whether in humanitarian interventions or in counter-insurgency, it should be preserved and conquered in order to avoid mission failure. This approach is exacerbated by modern geography of the war taking place within the population. It is complicated by the moral asymetry of the non-state belligerents, who are not very distinguished from civilians. Furthermore, they operates near or within populated areas. Therefore, a paradigm of moderation applies to aerial bombing, sometimes pushing the command to go beyond the international humanitarian law. For much of the twentieth century, they were still subject to the paradigm of the strength of the traditional war
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Condé, Pierre-Yves. "Des juges à La Haye : formation d’une judiciabilité universaliste, des amis de la paix à la lutte contre l’impunité." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0020.

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Portant sur la consistance historique de la « justice internationale », cette thèse essaie de repérer et d’analyser certains des grands processus ayant eu part à la formation historique, depuis deux siècles environ, d’une judiciabilité universaliste. Par judiciabilité, elle désigne et se donne pour objet une forme historique d’autorité, à la fois générale et spécifique. Cherchant à réduire l’écart entre sociologies de l’institutionnalisation des cours internationales et sociologies du jugement, elle s’écarte ainsi des perspectives centrées sur telle ou telle juridiction en particulier, des rapprochements opérés entre certaines juridictions en raison d’un horizon normatif commun supposé comme des comparaisons à l’aune d’une éventuelle fonction politique. Par judiciabilité universaliste plus précisément, elle entend une forme d’autorité liée à l’ensemble approximativement systématique des connotations de l’expression « justice internationale », c’est-à-dire à un certain horizon de sens : il en va en l’occurrence de justice et de guerre et de paix, d’apaisement et de réconciliation, d’attentes de consolation, de réforme, voire de délivrance. Fondée sur un présentisme de méthode, privilégiant les expériences de justice internationale les plus intensives, qui se trouvent être aussi les plus récentes, la thèse tente de démontrer deux choses : premièrement, que la consistance historique de la justice internationale ne saurait être saisie sans que l’on s’intéresse à des processus de relativement longue durée - deuxièmement, que dans ce champ de judiciabilité universaliste dont la formation s’étend sur deux siècles se multiplient, outre les enjeux normatifs, les enjeux de vérité
This dissertation addresses the concrete historicity of “international justice”. It tries to map and analyze some important processes involved in the formation of a universalist judiciability since the 19th Century. By “judiciability”, it highlights a historical form of authority, general as well as specific – the very object of the inquiry. It therefore endeavours to bridge the gap between the sociology of the institutionalization of international courts on the one hand and the sociology of justice in action on the other and departs from analyses focusing on such or such international court, from assumptions of a common normative horizon allowing connections to be made between various courts, and from comparisons between courts and their respective political function, if any. More precisely, “universalist judiciability” refers to a form of authority associated with a particular horizon of meaning, the approximately systematic set of connotations of the phrase “international justice”: it is about justice and war and peace, appeasement, and reconciliation, expectations of solace, reform, or even wordly redemption. Based on a methodological presentism, the dissertation’s primary focus is on the most intensive experiments in international justice, which also happen to be the most recent ones. Two claims are made: firstly, that the concrete historicity of “international justice” cannot be grasped properly if due attention is not paid to relatively long range processes- secondly, that besides normative issues issues of truth have been multiplying in this field of universalist judiciability whose historical formation spans two centuries
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Ríos, Rodríguez Jacobo. "L'expert en droit international." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010317.

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Si la fonction d'expertise est devenue habituelle dans les relations internationales, le statut de l'expert qui l'exerce et les méthodes qu'elle emploie ne sont pas souvent évoqués. Distincts, mais aux côtés des diplomates et du personnel permanent des États et des organisations internationales, les experts, consultants ou techniciens donnent leur avis à ces derniers, qui les nomment pour accomplir cette mission. La thèse défendue est que l'utilisation d'experts internationaux dépasse les différences spécifiques des différents contextes dans lesquels elle intervient, et peut être analysée sous un certain nombre de caractéristiques communes: l'avis du technicien, agent international, peut être déterminant pour le contenu des décisions prises postérieurement par les sujets de droit international, en ce qui concerne notamment l'élaboration et l'application des normes. Les principes essentiels régissant le recours à l'expert en droit international et les méthodes d'insertion de son avis dans des décisions et instruments normatifs doivent être saisis.
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Lu, Shenghui. "Contrats internationaux en droit international privé chinois : comparaison avec le droit international privé français." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020037.

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Safferling, Christoph Johannes Maria. "Towards an international criminal procedure /." Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford University Press, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0615/2003276194-d.html.

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Rault, Charlotte Julie. "Le cadre juridique de la gestion des dettes souveraines." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010267/document.

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Les crises financières internationales ne se présentent pas comme des événements rares et isolés dans le temps. Des dénominateurs communs classiques à toute crise financière se retrouvent dans chaque cas historique : la détérioration des indicateurs macroéconomiques, la psychologie et les paniques des investisseurs, la spéculation. La problématique des dettes souveraines ne relevait jusqu’à présent principalement que des pays en développement, alors que les récentes perturbations financières ont démontré que les pays développés pouvaient également être gravement affectés. L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les évolutions du cadre juridique de la gestion des dettes souveraines pour réunir des éléments qui permettent de comprendre le choix normatif privilégié par chaque opérateur. L’actuel scénario d’endettement des États souverains entraîne nécessairement un bouleversement irréversible des règles et des structures juridiques connues qui visent à assurer le bon fonctionnement de l’économie mondiale. Face à l’actuelle incertitude normative, il est primordial d’étudier les supports du financement souverain, le traitement des crises, les propositions de réformes visant à améliorer le système et le rôle des institutions multilatérales dans la gestion de la dette souveraine. Après avoir déterminé l’existence d’un engagement international de gestion des dettes souveraines, nous plaidons pour la mise en œuvre d’un ensemble normatif d’outils conçus pour intégrer les réglementations nationales sur la base de modèles préexistants
Historically, international financial crises do not occur in isolation but rather go hand in hand with the deterioration of macroeconomic indicators, investor panic and speculation. Until recently, the sovereign debt issue has principally concerned developing countries. However, the recent financial turmoil has revealed that developed countries can similarly be severely affected. Since the beginning of the 20th century, experts in international law have periodically discussed the possible remedies to the endemic situation of sovereign indebtedness. In 2001, the International Monetary Fund launched a proposal for a Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism known as the ‘Krueger Plan’; this was quickly abandoned in 2003. Due to the present economic and political cul-de-sac, the legal framework of sovereign debt management strongly preoccupies the international community. The current sovereign debt scenario necessarily involves an irreversible disruption of the legal rules and structures that currently support a proper functioning global economy. This doctoral thesis analyses the evolution of the legal framework and the normative choices favoured by each actor. Identifying which particular legal issues are essential to evaluate such complexity allows us to deepen the theoretical and practical suggestions designed to facilitate the resolution of sovereign debt crises. After establishing the leading international requirements for sovereign debt management, this thesis advocates the implementation of a normative set of tools designed to integrate domestic regulations on the basis of previous models
Internationale Finanzkrisen erweisen sich als nicht seltene und zeitlich unbegrenzte Ereignisse. Jeder Finanzkrise in der Historie haften die gleichen klassischen Charakteristiken an: die Beschädigung makroökonomischer Indikatoren, der Psychologie sowie die Panik der Investoren, Spekulationen. Darüber hinaus beschränken sich die aktuellen Finanzstörungen nicht mehr nur auf Entwicklungsländer. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die Entwicklung des Rechtsrahmens der Verwaltung souveräner Schulden zu analysieren, um Elemente zusammenzutragen, die es erlauben die bevorzugten normativen Entscheidungen jedes Akteures zu verstehen, zu bewerten und im Anschluss entsprechend Handlungsanweisungen zu geben. Das gegenwärtige Szenario der Verschuldung souveräner Staaten führt unweigerlich zu einer unumkehrbaren Umwälzung der bekannten Rechtsverordnungen und -strukturen, die auf die Gewährleistung eines reibungslosen Funktionierens der Weltwirtschaft abzielen. Angesichts der gegenwärtigen normativen Unsicherheit, ist es von größter Bedeutung die Auseinandersetzung mit finanziellen Krisen, die entsprechenden Reformvorschläge, die Suche nach Systemverbesserungen hinsichtlich einer Marktregulierung und die Rolle der multilateralen Institutionen bezüglich der Verwaltung souveräner Schulden genauer zu untersuchen. Nach der Feststellung des Vorliegens einer internationalen Verpflichtung zum Staatsschuldenmanagement wird die Einführung einer Reihe normativer Werkzeuge befürwortet, um nationale Vorschriften auf Grundlage bereits bestehender Modelle zu integrieren
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Books on the topic "International"

1

Archer, Clive. International organizations. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1992.

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1944-, Gottwald Peter, ed. Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit =: Arbitrage international = International arbitration. Bielefeld: Gieseking-Verlag, 1997.

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H, Officer Lawrence, ed. International economics. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1987.

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Goldstein, Joshua S. International relations. 5th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009.

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Goldstein, Joshua S. International relations. 2nd ed. New York, NY: HarperCollins College Publishers, 1996.

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Goldstein, Joshua S. International relations. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

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Goldstein, Joshua S. International relations. 6th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005.

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Goldstein, Joshua S. International relations. 8th ed. New York: Longman Publishers, 2008.

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Goldstein, Joshua S. International relations. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2004.

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Goldstein, Joshua S. International relations. 2nd ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "International"

1

Bjelić, Predrag, and Ivana Popović Petrović. "Internationally: International Trade and Integrations." In World Regional Geography Book Series, 251–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74701-5_19.

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Woyke, Wichard. "Internationale Energieagentur/IEA (International Energy Agency)." In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 175–77. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_54.

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Andersen, Uwe. "Internationale Entwicklungsorganisation (International Development Association/IDA)." In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 177–79. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_55.

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Magiera, Siegfried. "Internationale Fernmeldeunion (International Telecommunication Union/ITU)." In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 180–83. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_56.

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Katgert-Merkelijn, J. K. "International." In The Letters and Papers of Jan Hendrik Oort, 135–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5764-3_8.

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Sullivan, Peter B., and Bhanu Williams. "International." In From an Association to a Royal College, 149–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43582-4_19.

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Dobrin, Adam. "International." In Homicide Data Sources, 37–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19881-1_5.

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Bracken, James K., and Christopher H. Sterling. "International." In Telecommunications Research Resources, 119–33. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003064084-8.

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Beard, Roger. "International." In Reading, 1–9. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003208648-1.

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Frieden, Jeffry A., and David A. Lake. "International Politics and International Economics." In International Political Economy, 25–33. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24443-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "International"

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Monger, Alastair, Ralph Lano, and Kenton Wheeler. "Teaching Databases Internationally, Teaching International Databases." In 24th British National Conference on Databases (BNCOD'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bncod.2007.21.

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Savkina, Anastasia Sergeevna, and Roman Viktorovich Chertkov. "VERLETZUNG DES VÖLKERRECHTS DURCH DIE VEREINIGTEN STAATEN VON AMERIKA IN BEZUG AUF AFRIKA UND ASIEN." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign international scientific conference «Joint innovation - joint development». Part 3. by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with PS of UA. October 2023. - Harbin (China). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231024.2023.38.76.067.

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The United States violates the international rights of various countries. In this article, we will study the US interference in the internal politics of the countries of Asia and African states. America has been violating international treaties for a long time, one can recall the Treaty on "Open Skies ", on the "elimination of medium-range missiles", accepts economic sanctions against a number of countries. Die USA verletzen die internationalen Rechte verschiedener Länder. In diesem Artikel werden wir die Einmischung der USA in die Innenpolitik der Länder Asiens und afrikanischer Staaten untersuchen. Amerika verstößt seit längerem gegen internationale Verträge, man kann sich an den Vertrag zum "offenen Himmel " erinnern, an die "Beseitigung von Mittelstreckenraketen", nimmt Wirtschaftssanktionen gegen eine Reihe von Ländern an.
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Milošević, Milan. "CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION OF DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATIVES: TRADITION, CRIMINAL AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW." In Tradicija, krivično i međunarodno krivično pravo. Srpsko udruženje za međunarodno krivično pravo, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tkmkp24.201m.

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There are several reasons why it is necessary to return again and again and critically evaluate the problems of criminal legal protection of diplomatic representatives in national and international criminal law. The same applies to the incrimination of endangering an internationally protected person, which has existed in the legislation of the Republic of Serbia since 1990. The essential international legal framework of that incrimination is contained in the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against. Internationally Pro- tected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents from 1973. The criminal offense of endangering an internationally protected person was omitted from our legislation in the period from 2005 to 2012, and in the mean- time its name and legal description have been changed several times. Despite this, the level of criminal protection of diplomatic representa- tives in Serbia has always been high and harmonized with the appro- priate norms of both customary and written international law.
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Oyson, Manjo, and D. Hugh Whittaker. "An opportunity-based approach to international entrepreneurship: pursuing opportunities internationally through prospection." In 18th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2010. University of Twente, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/1.268486946.

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This paper argues for a better understanding of entrepreneurship in international entrepreneurship – the ‘E in IE’. The paper suggests that the central role of opportunity formation and exploitation in entrepreneurship research should be fully explored in IE. The entrepreneur-firm-opportunity nexus in internationalisation is examined through an opportunity-based approach (OBA). This suggests that the process of internationalisation may be conceived as the formation and exploitation of international entrepreneurial opportunities. The subjective, entrepreneurial ability to create an imagined future – ‘prospection’ – is examined to show how entrepreneurs use prospection to: creatively imagine combinations of firm capabilities and market opportunities to form entrepreneurial opportunities. A typology of entrepreneurial opportunity formation is advanced which distinguishes between opportunity discovery, development, construction, and creation. The paper concludes by suggesting how the OBA can help explain the choice of foreign markets, early internationalisation, speed of internationalisation, and foreign entry modes.
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Oyson, Manjo, and D. Hugh Whittaker. "An opportunity-based approach to international entrepreneurship: pursuing opportunities internationally through prospection." In 18th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2010. University of Twente, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268486946.

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This paper argues for a better understanding of entrepreneurship in international entrepreneurship – the ‘E in IE’. The paper suggests that the central role of opportunity formation and exploitation in entrepreneurship research should be fully explored in IE. The entrepreneur-firm-opportunity nexus in internationalisation is examined through an opportunity-based approach (OBA). This suggests that the process of internationalisation may be conceived as the formation and exploitation of international entrepreneurial opportunities. The subjective, entrepreneurial ability to create an imagined future – ‘prospection’ – is examined to show how entrepreneurs use prospection to: creatively imagine combinations of firm capabilities and market opportunities to form entrepreneurial opportunities. A typology of entrepreneurial opportunity formation is advanced which distinguishes between opportunity discovery, development, construction, and creation. The paper concludes by suggesting how the OBA can help explain the choice of foreign markets, early internationalisation, speed of internationalisation, and foreign entry modes.
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Умарова, Мадина Алиевна. "RESTITUTION AND RESTORATION AS FORMS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY." In Образование. Культура. Общество: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/ecs291.2020.23.49.018.

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Государство, нарушая установленные в его отношении международно-правовые обязательства, совершает международно-противоправное деяние, тем самым нанеся определенный вред своими действиями пострадавшей стороне. В статье проанализированы реституция и ресторация как самостоятельные формы международно-правовой ответственности, их содержание и значение. The state, violating the international legal obligations established in relation to it, commits an internationally wrongful act, thereby inflicting certain harm by its actions to the injured party. The article analyzes restitution and restauration as independent forms of international legal responsibility, their content and significance.
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Strenger, Natascha, and Nilgün Ulbrich. "Internationalization @ home in Engineering Education: Enhancing Social Capital in English-taught Master´s Programmes." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9391.

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German higher education institutions attract students from all over the word for degree mobility, especially after the Bologna reform has led to an increase in internationally-oriented, English-taught study programmes. With such programmes, universities serve the politically intended purpose of attracting highly qualified talent in the form of international graduates that might potentially stay for the German job market. But for the transition from studies to the work market to be successful, it is essential for international students to acquire social capital in the form of contacts to people from the host country. This paper firstly presents results of a study on the situation of students who come to study in international engineering programmes at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum in Germany, focusing on the unsatisfactory contact situation of international and German students revealed in the study. Secondly, measures of the project ELLI2 – Excellent Teaching and Learning in Engineering Sciences – are introduced that aim at improving this situation, fascilitating contact between German and international engineering students. The set-up of a tandem-programme is presented, as well as participation structure and evaluation results of the first two runs of this programm in 2017/18. In addition, an international student council network will be introduced.
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Girdzijauskaitė, Eglė, Asta Radzevičienė, and Artūras Jakubavičius. "TRANSITION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITY: FROM LOCAL TO INTERNATIONAL." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.65.

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Universities are becoming entrepreneurial due to highly competitive environment, decreased government funding and external and internal pressure to generate income from research and education services. It is argued in literature that the competitiveness of higher education institutions (HEIs) will increasingly depend on their ability to operate internationally in the near future. However, the knowledge of entrepreneurial university management especially the ways to create the international presence and provide educational services cross-border is lacking and this research is contribution to filling this gap. The transition of higher education conception from public good to private good or tradable service in line with the contemporary theories and practices in international higher education have been analysed in the paper to illustrate the shift in approach to international activities of HEIs. The paper undertakes an analysis of the premises associated with the entrepreneurial model of university management, as well as analysis illustrating the growing transnational education (TNE) consumption globally and the growth of international education market as the potential venue of an entrepreneurial university.
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Todos, Irina. "Ensuring security of supply chain through the implementation of ISO 28001." In The 8th International Conference "Management Strategies and Policies in the Contemporary Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2023.11.

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Locally as well as internationally, supply chains are subject to security risks and incidents, which can have negative influences on both trade and the economy as a whole. It is also attested that the industrial revolution 4.0 imposes mandatory conditions on companies to expand and connect all internal processes with customers and suppliers, in order to adopt effective strategies for the supply chain. The model that offers practitioners a modern tool to streamline international supply chains and ensure security is the ISO 28001 international standard, which recognizes the complexity of supply issues, because they are dynamic and involve many business actors (organizations, partners). Ensuring an adequate level of security of the international supply chain is possible with the partial or total implementation of the ISO 28001 standard. This standard can be considered as a tool of strategic supply chain management, with the help of which any company could increase the competitiveness of the chain. This paper comes with a theoretical approach to what supply chain and international supply chain means, and how it can be improved by applying/implementing the requirements of the ISO 28001 standard. The research objectives were achieved by using traditional research methods, such as theoretical, empirical qualitative and quantitative. The literature was researched, both in traditional format, but also in the form of electronic publications in the field of procurement, international supply chains and international ISO standards.
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Simeon, James C., Hugo Washington Cahueñas Muñoz, Itzel Barrera De Diego, and Vania Ramírez Camacho. "Globally Networking Learning (GNL) on Refugees and Forced Migration Through Innovative Collaborative Pedagogy in Mexico, Ecuador, and Canada." In Sustainable on the Go: Sustainable and Inclusive Internationalization Virtual Conference. York University Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/10315/38628_01.

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This Globally Networking Learning (GNL) experience was brought together in August 2020 per the initiative of the York International’s GNL Initiative at York University and involved York University (Canada), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (Ecuador) and Tecnológico de Monterrey (Mexico). The courses of the three institutions were very different but did share the main axis of talking about diverse international people having to adapt to an unknown international context. This GNL course came together several months after the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic “lockdown” of higher educational institutions across the globe. Students enjoyed the opportunity to work with students from other countries and cultures on the subject matter cited above, that is international by its very nature.
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Reports on the topic "International"

1

Razin, Assaf, and Efraim Sadka. International Migration and International Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4230.

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Frankel, Jeffrey. International Coordination. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21878.

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Cecchetti, Stephen, and Anil Kashyap. International Cycles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5310.

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Blanchflower, David, and Andrew Oswald. International Happiness. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16668.

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Perri, Fabrizio, and Vincenzo Quadrini. International Recessions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17201.

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Gordon, Roger, and James Hines. International Taxation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8854.

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Obstfeld, Maurice. International Finance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2077.

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Roback, Edward. SRI International:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4453.

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Eyzaguirre, J., C. Morton, C. Wabnitz, M. Copage, R. McLeman, D. Lassaline, J. Palacios-Abrantes, and K. Pillay. International dimensions. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328406.

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Buckner, Billy J. International Criminal Court: A Watershed in International Relations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416339.

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