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Journal articles on the topic 'Internalisation'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Internalisation.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 July 2024

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1

Vuong, An T., Hannah K. Jarman, Jo R. Doley, and Siân A. McLean. "Social Media Use and Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Thin- and Muscular-Ideal Internalisation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 13222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413222.

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Internalisation of appearance ideals moderates the relationship between exposure to media images and body dissatisfaction. To date, the role of thin- and muscular-ideal internalisation in the context of social media remains under explored, particularly for boys. As such, we aimed to explore how social media use (Instagram and Snapchat) was related to body dissatisfaction, and whether thin- and muscular-ideal internalisation would moderate this relationship in a sample of 1153 adolescent boys and girls (55.42% males; Mage = 13.71, SD = 1.14). As hypothesised, social media use, and thin- and muscular ideal internalisation were positively correlated with body dissatisfaction in both genders. In moderation analyses, thin-ideal internalisation emerged as the only variable that had a significant effect on body dissatisfaction in both genders. Additionally, the influence of social media use on body dissatisfaction was moderated by muscular-ideal internalisation in boys, whereby for boys with high muscular-ideal internalisation, greater social media use was associated with greater body dissatisfaction. The two-way (muscular x thin-ideal internalisation) and three-way interaction (social media use x thin-ideal internalisation x muscular-ideal internalisation) effects on body dissatisfaction were non-significant. These findings emphasise the importance of considering the sociocultural environment (i.e., new media influences) as frameworks for understanding body dissatisfaction and suggest targeting of internalisation of appearance ideals in body dissatisfaction prevention programs.

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2

Pedder, Jonathan. "Loss and Internalisation." British Journal of Psychotherapy 1, no. 3 (March 1985): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.1985.tb00902.x.

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3

Kowalkowski, Christian, Daniel Kindström, and Lars Witell. "Internalisation or externalisation?" Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 21, no. 4 (July 12, 2011): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09604521111146252.

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4

Rojek, Paweł. "Internalisation of Relations." Philosophia 48, no. 4 (January 29, 2020): 1575–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-020-00164-y.

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5

J. Buckley, Peter. "Forty years of internalisation theory and the multinational enterprise." Multinational Business Review 22, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-06-2014-0022.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the key analytical principles of internalisation theory as a general theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE). It illustrates the vitality, relevance and flexibility of the approach in explaining the continued evolution of the MNE. As a grounded social science theory, it provides, in combination with history and economic geography, satisfying and novel explanations of the key phenomena of the modern globalising economy. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the origins and principles of internalisation theory as the foundation theory of the MNE. It considers internalisation theory in the context of current and mainstream theories and concepts in the field of international business. Findings – Internalisation theory is equally valid for the MNEs of yesteryear as it is for those today. The theory continues to have strong explanatory power for MNE activity. Current research areas, such as multiple embeddedness, fine-slicing of the value chain, etc., and other theories, such as dynamic capabilities and the resource-based view, either are subsets of internalisation and thus explained by the theory, or contain weakness and/or inconsistencies not found in internalisation theory. Originality/value – This paper coherently synthesises internalisation theory, its origins and evolution. It shows how commonly held and current concepts and theories are related to internalisation theory or have weaknesses, thus making internalisation theory a superior theory to explain the MNE, and identifies potential applications of the theory to novel research areas in the field of international business.

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6

Chung, Tan. "Sino-Indian Intercultural Internalisation." China Report 28, no. 2 (May 1992): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944559202800201.

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7

Petersen, Bent, Lawrence S. Welch, and Gabriel R. G. Benito. "Managing the Internalisation Process." Management International Review 50, no. 2 (March 16, 2010): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0031-6.

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8

Buckley, Peter J., and Jean J. Boddewyn. "A manifesto for the widening of internalisation theory, being a reply to Hillemann and Verbeke." Multinational Business Review 24, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-11-2015-0055.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the purview of internalisation theory in understanding the global allocation of resources in different institutional contexts. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical extensions of internalisation theory are proposed in response to a comment. Findings The traditional focus of internalisation theory can be extended beyond the normal market exchange context, first, by expanding the range of transactions; second, by including non-market actors; and third, by expanding the relevant welfare criteria. Originality/value Comparative institutional analysis is enhanced by expanding the consideration of the range of intermediate goods that are traded, the potential providers examined and extending the criteria of assessment beyond efficiency to include equity, sustainability and legitimacy. These extensions add value to the internalisation theory.

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9

Escrig-Tena, Ana B., Beatriz Garcia-Juan, and Mercedes Segarra-Ciprés. "Drivers and internalisation of the EFQM excellence model." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 36, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 398–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-08-2017-0161.

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Purpose Although the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model has been widely adopted throughout Europe, a thorough examination of the factors that contribute to the internalisation of the model (i.e. a substantive adoption) has been neglected in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to present a model that analyses the drivers of the real internalisation of the EFQM excellence model, with a focus on the role of motives for adoption, and appraisal and compensation systems. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study was carried out based on a sample of Spanish organisations that had been awarded EFQM recognition. Structural equation models, cluster analysis and ANOVA were used to examine the research questions. Findings Internal motives concerning the creation of a participative style are the main driver of internalisation. Moreover, having an appraisal system-oriented towards the development of employees helps the substantive adoption of the EFQM model. These findings reinforce the importance of the soft elements of the EFQM model. Originality/value This study enhances evidence about the motives for adoption and their influence on the internalisation of the EFQM model. It analyses internalisation in a novel context, EFQM recognised organisations, and contributes to the debate about the efficacy of the EFQM model to performance improvement, by unveiling the factors that could foster the internalisation of the model within the organisational routines.

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10

Signoret, N., M. M. Rosenkilde, P. J. Klasse, T. W. Schwartz, M. H. Malim, J. A. Hoxie, and M. Marsh. "Differential regulation of CXCR4 and CCR5 endocytosis." Journal of Cell Science 111, no. 18 (September 15, 1998): 2819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.111.18.2819.

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The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are major co-receptors/receptors for the CD4-dependent and CD4-independent entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. The chemokines that bind and activate these receptors can inhibit the entry of viruses that use the respective co-receptor molecules. Chemokine-induced co-receptor internalisation is a significant component of the mechanism through which chemokines inhibit virus entry. CXCR4 internalisation is induced by the CXCR4 ligand stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), phorbol esters and, in T cells, cellular activation. Here we show that CXCR4 endocytosis can be mediated through either one of two distinct internalisation signals. A COOH-terminal serine rich domain is required for ligand- but not phorbol ester- induced CXCR4 internalisation. However, a Ser/IleLeu motif, similar to that required for the endocytosis of CD4 and the T cell receptor/CD3 complex, is required for phorbol ester-induced, but not ligand-induced, CXCR4 endocytosis. By contrast, CCR5 internalisation is induced by the beta-chemokine RANTES but not by phorbol esters. CCR5 lacks the Ser/IleLeu sequence required for phorbol ester-induced uptake of CXCR4. Together these results indicate that distinct mechanisms can regulate CXCR4 and CCR5 endocytosis and trafficking.

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11

Palacios Gazules, Sergio, Gerusa Giménez Leal, and Rodolfo de Castro Vila. "Longitudinal study of lean tools in Spanish manufacturing firms." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 34, no. 9 (July 17, 2023): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-11-2022-0406.

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PurposeLean management is a suitable methodology for companies that want to improve their productive performance and competitiveness. This study aims to research levels of implementation and internalisation of Lean production tools in Spanish manufacturing companies, and explores differences in behaviour between SMEs and large companies based on data gathered over three time periods. The correlation between Lean adoption and company performance is also analysed.Design/methodology/approachCompany survey data for the years 2012, 2015 and 2018 collected from 354 respondents were used to conduct a longitudinal study on the level of lean tool adoption and internalisation in manufacturing companies.FindingsOver the years, the use of Lean tools has increased, whereas levels of internalisation have remained stable. Lean tool use in SMEs and large companies show significant differences in 2012 and 2015, but this is no longer the case 2018. Results also show that higher Lean tool use helps increase return on sales (ROS), and higher levels of internalisation of tools helps reduce the number of products rejected.Originality/valueTo date, there are no known studies on the use and internalisation of Lean tools or their correlations with business performance indicators in Spanish manufacturing companies.

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12

Kromerova, Enrika, and Saulius Šukys. "ADOLESCENT INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS ACTIVITIES AND INTERNALISATION OF MORAL VALUES." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 1, no. 100 (2016): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v1i100.43.

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Background. Relatively little knowledge is available to date about moral values among adolescents. As participation in sports activities may contribute to positive youth development, this study aims to examine the relations between adolescents’ involvement in sports activities and the internalisation of their moral values. We assessed this relationship with respect to gender as well. Methods. The sample included 385 adolescents (192 girls and 193 boys) between 13 to 16 years of age (M age = 14.6, SD =1.11); 43.4% (n = 167) of the research participants were involved in competitive sports. The studied adolescents had participated in their respective sport for an average of 2.97 (SD = 1.12) years. The internalisation of moral values was assessed using the 24-item adolescent-report Moral Values Internalisation Questionnaire (Hardy, Padilla-Walker, & Carlo, 2008). Four forms of value regulation were assessed (external, introjected, identified and integrated). Overall value internalisation was also evaluated. Results. Significant differences were found between adolescent involvement in sports activities and external regulation (p < .05), introjected regulation (p < .01), identified regulation (p < .05) as well as integrated regulation (p < .01). In depth analyses showed that the four forms of value regulations were higher for the athletes with experience up to three years and tended to be lower in the group of athletes with higher sports experience. The same relationship was established in the sample of boys, but not in that of girls. Conclusions. The research results demonstrated that the identified regulation manifested more than other regulations did (external, introjected and integrated). Adolescent athletes possessed higher points of moral value internalisation in all regulations than adolescent non-athletes. Nevertherless, referring to sports experience, the internalisation forms of moral values of adolescent athletes with more than the three-year sport experience did not differ in comparison with those of adolescent non-athletes. Research results show that the internalisation of moral values for adolescents with higher sports experience is lower compared to that of adolescents with lower sports experience.

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13

Loewald, Hans W. "Internalisation, séparation, deuil et Surmoi." Revue française de psychanalyse 71, no. 3 (2007): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfp.713.0877.

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14

Vermersch, Dominique. "Internalisation efficiente et « agriculture durable »." Économie rurale 208, no. 1 (1992): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoru.1992.4473.

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15

Madsen, Steen. "Photochemical internalisation for solid malignancies." Lancet Oncology 17, no. 9 (September 2016): 1173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30274-1.

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16

Thelestam, M. "Cellular internalisation of bacterial toxins." Cytotechnology 5, S1 (1991): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00736811.

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17

Whitehead, Kimberly K. "Sustainable development: legitimisation to internalisation." International Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management 4, no. 3 (2014): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijssm.2014.064357.

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18

Buckley, Peter J. "Alan Rugman and internalisation theory." International Business Review 25, no. 3 (June 2016): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.01.016.

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19

Limniou, Maria, Charlotte Mahoney, and Megan Knox. "Is Fitspiration the Healthy Internet Trend It Claims to Be? A British Students’ Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041837.

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The increasingly popular #fitspiration community on Instagram aims to promote body positivity and inspire health in its followers. However, fitspiration accounts often endorse unattainable, overly fit body ideals. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of viewing fitspiration photos on body image and fit-ideal internalisation. We compared 109 British students’ (18–50 years-old) responses on state self-esteem, mood satisfaction, body satisfaction and fit-ideal internalisation before and after viewing fitspiration photos. Online questionnaires exposed students to either five male or five female fitspiration photos, respectively for their given gender. Photos were sourced from public Instagram accounts. This study also examined the influence age and Instagram usage have on body image. Exposure to fitspiration photos produced a significant reduction in state self-esteem, mood satisfaction and fit-ideal internalisation, but had no significant influence on body satisfaction. Age had no effect on body image; however, gender impacted mood satisfaction and fit-ideal internalisation. Instagram usage influenced fit-ideal internalisation, with specific Instagram factors, such as how the importance of a photo’s “likes” were negatively associated with state self-esteem, mood and body satisfaction. Unexpectedly, Instagram frequency use and posting were related to higher levels of state self-esteem. Detailed explanations of the findings and potential future research opportunities are also discussed.

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Szabó, Ildikó, Françoise Illien, Levente E. Dókus, Mo’ath Yousef, Zsuzsa Baranyai, Szilvia Bősze, Shoko Ise, et al. "Influence of the Dabcyl group on the cellular uptake of cationic peptides: short oligoarginines as efficient cell-penetrating peptides." Amino Acids 53, no. 7 (May 25, 2021): 1033–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03003-w.

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AbstractCell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are promising delivery vehicles. These short peptides can transport wide range of cargos into cells, although their usage has often limitations. One of them is the endosomatic internalisation and thus the vesicular entrapment. Modifications which increases the direct delivery into the cytosol is highly researched area. Among the oligoarginines the longer ones (n > 6) show efficient internalisation and they are well-known members of CPPs. Herein, we describe the modification of tetra- and hexaarginine with (4–((4–(dimethylamino)phenyl)azo)benzoyl) (Dabcyl) group. This chromophore, which is often used in FRET system increased the internalisation of both peptides, and its effect was more outstanding in case of hexaarginine. The modified hexaarginine may enter into cells more effectively than octaarginine, and showed diffuse distribution besides vesicular transport already at low concentration. The attachment of Dabcyl group not only increases the cellular uptake of the cell-penetrating peptides but it may affect the mechanism of their internalisation. Their conjugates with antitumor drugs were studied on different cells and showed antitumor activity.

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Wai, Zubairu. "About a Will to Power: Post-cold War Conflicts and the Politics of Knowledge Production." Tripodos, no. 51 (January 27, 2022): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51698/tripodos.2021.51p33-47.

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This paper proposes a critical interrogation of the dominant interpretations of the post-cold war conflicts in order to demonstrate their political nature and how they internalised the causes of conflicts. By internalisation, I refer to the move to locate the causes of conflicts in internal sources. It argues that the region of emergence of the dominant interpretations of conflicts—the so-called new wars— and the internalisation of their causes is the attempt by the West to ideologically suppress or discredit third world anticolonial solidarity and worldmaking. To make this argument, the paper pays specific attention to the broader historical contexts and structural conditions within which internalisation emerged, which it argues are significant for understanding not only the political nature of the dominant interpretations of conflicts, but also the material forces and social processes that informed their production and circulation. In other words, that the framing of the post-cold war conflicts and the internalisation of their causes were never innocent or impartial acts of knowledge production, but political, ideological, and temporal acts linked to power, interests, and specific agenda.

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Vázquez, Patricia, Isabel Roncero, Enrique Blázquez, and Elvira Alvarez. "The cytoplasmic domain close to the transmembrane region of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor contains sequence elements that regulate agonist-dependent internalisation." Journal of Endocrinology 186, no. 1 (July 2005): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06179.

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In order to gain better insight into the molecular events involved in the signal transduction generated through glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors, we tested the effect of deletions and point mutations within the cytoplasmic tail of this receptor with a view to establishing relationships between signal transduction desensitisation and receptor internalisation. Wild-type and truncated (deletion of the last 27 amino acids (GLPR 435R) and deletion of 44 amino acids (GLPR 418R)) GLP-1 receptors bound the agonist with similar affinity. Deletion of the last 27 amino acids decreased the internalisation rate by 78%, while deletion of 44 amino acids containing all the phosphorylation sites hitherto described in this receptor decreased the internalisation rate by only 47%. Binding of the ligand to both receptors stimulated adenylyl cyclase. In contrast, deletion of the region containing amino acids 419 to 435 (GLPR 419Δ435) increased the internalisation rate by 268%, and the replacement of EVQ408–410 by alanine (GLPR A408–410) increased this process to 296%. In both receptors, the efficacy in stimulating adenylate cyclase was decreased. All the receptors studied were internalised by coated pits, except for the receptor with a deletion of the last 44 amino acids, which also had a faster resensitisation rate. Our findings indicate that the neighbouring trans-membrane domain of the carboxyl-terminal tail of the GLP-1 receptor contains sequence elements that regulate agonist-dependent internalisation and transmembrane signalling.

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Wickramasinghe, Rochana D., Paul Ferrigno, and Christian Roghi. "Peptide aptamers as new tools to modulate clathrin-mediated internalisation — inhibition of MT1-MMP internalisation." BMC Cell Biology 11, no. 1 (2010): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2121-11-58.

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Kaplanović, Snežana, and Radomir Mijailović. "THE INTERNALISATION OF EXTERNAL COSTS OF CO2 AND POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM PASSENGER CARS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 18, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 470–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2012.702694.

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The paper's goal is to unify practical and theoretical aspects of internalisation of external costs, in line with the “polluter pays” and “user pays” principles. Due to the impossibility of applying an ideal economic solution for internalisation of external costs, alternative solutions have to be developed and implemented. One of the possible solutions for internalisation of external costs of CO2 and pollutant emissions from passenger cars is presented in this paper. It is a new methodology for calculating annual circulation taxes on passenger cars. This methodology, besides CO2, also takes into account the pollutants whose emissions are regulated by the Euro standards (CO, HC, NOx and PM), as well as the vehicle age and kilometres driven. The proposed methodology has been tested on some of the best-selling passenger cars in Europe. The results of analysis show significant differences between our methodology and the methodologies that are used in five European countries (Ireland, the United Kingdom, Malta, Luxembourg and Sweden), which use the CO2 emissions as a reference value for their calculation. Also, we have proved that the annual circulation tax, calculated using our methodology, provide better internalisation of external costs compared to the fuel tax.

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Kurniawan, Rio, Lian Agustina Setiyaningsih, and Imam Sofyan. "Islamic Boarding School Journalism As a Way of Strengthening Literacy Culture." Mediator: Jurnal Komunikasi 15, no. 1 (July 13, 2022): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mediator.v15i1.9493.

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Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) can be a locus of change concerning technology and journalism. Values and traditions in pesantren are a challenge in the practice of internalising a new culture. This study aims to formulate a pattern of internalisation in journalistic literacy culture based on local wisdom. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a constructivism paradigm. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The purposive sampling technique resulted in three informants related to journalistic activities at Darul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Banyuanyar Pamekasan. The methods of data analysis used are based on Miles and Huberman. The study results showed that the internalisation of literacy culture used traditional methods by extracting the value of journalistic literacy and applying it to make Islamic religious students (santri) cadres maintain journalistic values. There is also a categorisation of journalistic literacy skills. The internalisation of journalistic literacy culture started from developing wall magazines, Ikhwan magazines, online journalism forums, namely Forum Lingkar Pena (FLP), journalistic training, and alumni networks. Meanwhile, the study's recommendation is to develop a pattern of internalisation for journalistic literacy culture based on local values (local wisdom).

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Carse, Sinead, Dirk Lang, Arieh A. Katz, and Georgia Schäfer. "Exogenous Vimentin Supplementation Transiently Affects Early Steps during HPV16 Pseudovirus Infection." Viruses 13, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122471.

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Understanding and modulating the early steps in oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has great cancer-preventative potential, as this virus is the etiological agent of virtually all cervical cancer cases and is associated with many other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Previous work from our laboratory has identified cell-surface-expressed vimentin as a novel HPV16 pseudovirus (HPV16-PsVs)-binding molecule modulating its infectious potential. To further explore its mode of inhibiting HPV16-PsVs internalisation, we supplemented it with exogenous recombinant human vimentin and show that only the globular form of the molecule (as opposed to the filamentous form) inhibited HPV16-PsVs internalisation in vitro. Further, this inhibitory effect was only transient and not sustained over prolonged incubation times, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, possibly due to full-entry molecule engagement by the virions once saturation levels have been reached. The vimentin-mediated delay of HPV16-PsVs internalisation could be narrowed down to affecting multiple steps during the virus’ interaction with the host cell and was found to affect both heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding as well as the subsequent entry receptor complex engagement. Interestingly, decreased pseudovirus internalisation (but not infection) in the presence of vimentin was also demonstrated for oncogenic HPV types 18, 31 and 45. Together, these data demonstrate the potential of vimentin as a modulator of HPV infection which can be used as a tool to study early mechanisms in infectious internalisation. However, further refinement is needed with regard to vimentin’s stabilisation and formulation before its development as an alternative prophylactic means.

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Sánchez-Marín, Paula, Claude Fortin, and Peter G. C. Campbell. "Copper and lead internalisation by freshwater microalgae at different carbonate concentrations." Environmental Chemistry 10, no. 2 (2013): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en13011.

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Environmental context Metal–carbonato complexes have been reported to contribute to metal uptake and toxicity in aquatic organisms. We show that in the presence of lead–carbonato complexes, Pb internalisation by the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is higher than that predicted on the basis of the free Pb2+ concentration. This effect, which was not observed for another microalga that takes up Pb more slowly, is attributed to the very high rates of Pb uptake by C. reinhardtii, which result in diffusion limitation. Abstract The possible contribution of metal–carbonato complexes to metal uptake or toxicity has been mentioned several times in the literature, often in studies where dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations and pH were varied together, but a thorough study of the effect on DIC on metal bioavailability to aquatic organisms has not been done. By using closed systems – allowing changes in DIC concentrations at fixed pH – and ion selective electrodes to determine free metal ion concentrations, we show that lead internalisation by the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the presence of high DIC concentrations is higher than predicted by the free Pb2+ ion concentration at bulk [Pb2+] lower than 50nM, but not at higher [Pb2+]. This effect is not observed for another microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, which shows a lower rate of Pb internalisation. Copper internalisation by C. reinhardtii seems also to be slightly higher than predicted on the basis of free Cu2+ at low (20nM) bulk Cu2+ concentrations but not at higher ones. The possibility that Pb (and Cu) internalisation by C. reinhardtii is partially limited by diffusion from the bulk solution to the algal surface is identified and discussed as a possible explanation for these results.

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Maternová, Andrea, Andrej Dávid, Vlatka Stupalo, and Matúš Materna. "A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL COSTS OF ACCIDENTS." Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/ems.2023.1.63-75.

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Research background: This paper focuses on the concept of external costs in transportation and the implications of incorporating them into decision-making processes. It highlights that external costs of transport encompass the disparity between social costs, representing all expenses associated with transport infrastructure provision and usage, and private costs borne by individual transport users. The absence of market incentives prevents transport users from considering external costs, leading to account for only a part of social costs when making transport decisions, which ultimately leads to suboptimal outcomes. Thus, internalisation of external costs represents a crucial part of the decision-making process for transport users. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to provide a theoretical approach to the research problem of internalisation of external costs into decision-making processes in transportation. It aims to define the concept of external costs, the methods used for quantification of externalities and show current state of transport accident costs in EU and nonEU countries. Methods: This study was conducted through a research design and methodology that involved existing literature analysis, collecting input values on external costs of transport, and assessing the current stage of internalisation of externalities in various countries and transport modes. The sample size included relevant countries and a specific period of time. Findings & Value added: The paper provides an overview of the input values and methodologies used to provide estimates for the external costs of transport. Moreover, the paper presents total, average and marginal external costs for all relevant countries. The current extent of internalisation of external costs by current taxes and charges for all countries and transport modes. It also investigates recommended options for further internalisation.

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Standing, Taryn-Ann, Erika du Plessis, Stacey Duvenage, and Lise Korsten. "Internalisation potential of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in lettuce seedlings and mature plants." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 2 (April 11, 2013): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.164.

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The internalisation potential of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium in lettuce was evaluated using seedlings grown in vermiculite in seedling trays as well as hydroponically grown lettuce. Sterile distilled water was spiked with one of the four human pathogenic bacteria (105 CFU/mL) and used to irrigate the plants. The potential for pathogen internalisation was investigated over time using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and viable plate counts. Additionally, the identities of the pathogens isolated from internal lettuce plant tissues were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction with pathogen-specific oligonucleotides. Internalisation of each of the human pathogens was evident in both lettuce seedlings and hydroponically grown mature lettuce plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. aureus internalisation in lettuce plants. In addition, the levels of background microflora in the lettuce plants were determined by plate counting and the isolates identified using matrix-assisted laser ionisation–time of flight (MALDI–TOF). Background microflora assessments confirmed the absence of the four pathogens evaluated in this study. A low titre of previously described endophytes and soil inhabitants, i.e., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis were identified.

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Oksvold, Morten P., Henrik S. Huitfeldt, Anne Carine Østvold, and Ellen Skarpen. "UV induces tyrosine kinase-independent internalisation and endosome arrest of the EGF receptor." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.4.793.

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We have compared the activation and trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induced by UV light and EGF. Tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR was not detected in UV-exposed cells by immunoblotting of whole cell lysates or EGFR immunoprecipitates with antibodies specific for each of the five activated autophosphorylation sites of EGFR. In addition, EGFR of UV-irradiated cells did not demonstrate increased 32P-incorporation. However, UV-exposed cells demonstrated a gel mobility shift of EGFR, which was not abolished by alkaline phosphatase treatment. UV-exposure did not induce dimerisation of EGFR. Furthermore, UV induced internalisation of EGFR without polyubiquitination or degradation. UV-exposed EGFR was transferred to early endosomes and arrested in transferrin-accessible endosomes close to the cell surface. Whereas inhibition of the EGFR tyrosine kinase effectively inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation and internalisation of EGF-activated EGFR, internalisation of UV-exposed EGFR was unaffected. UV induced neither relocalisation of Shc and Grb2 nor activation of Raf, but activation of MEK and MAPK was observed. Our work indicates that UV induces internalisation of EGFR independent of its phosphorylation or receptor tyrosine kinase activation, and altered EGFR trafficking compared with ligand-activated receptor. In addition, MAPK activation by UV does not appear to be mediated by EGFR activation.

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Kaur, Harprit, and Dr Swati. "Moral Identity and Moral Judgement of Subclinical Psychopaths in Normal Population." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 4 (October 3, 2018): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.13404.

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Subclinical psychopaths are those individuals who have most of psychopath’s traits but doesn’t indulge in serious antisocial behavior and thus rarely get imprisoned1. Psychopaths have been generally reported to be low on ethical behaviours. This study is an attempt to see if subclinical psychopaths too are low on moral aspects like clinical psychopaths. For this study data of 279 young adults in the age group of 18 to 25 years were collected from various colleges and universities of Punjab. Correlation analysis revealed that subclinical psychopathy is negatively related to moral identity internalisation, however, no relation was found with moral judgement and moral identity symbolisation. When the two group subclinical psychopath’s ad non-subclinical psychopaths were compared they were found to differ on moral identity internalisation. With regression analysis subclinical psychopathy was found to be a significant predictor of moral identity internalisation.

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Butz, M., and R. Oomen. "Internalisation by electronic FX spot dealers." Quantitative Finance 19, no. 1 (September 5, 2018): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2018.1504167.

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Urbanucci, A., M. Myrmel, I. Berg, C.-H. von Bonsdorff, and L. Maunula. "Potential internalisation of caliciviruses in lettuce." International Journal of Food Microbiology 135, no. 2 (October 2009): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.07.036.

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Casson, Mark, and Nigel Wadeson. "Emerging market multinationals and internalisation theory." International Business Review 27, no. 6 (December 2018): 1150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.04.006.

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Whalley, John, and Ben Zissimos. "An Internalisation‐based World Environmental Organisation." World Economy 25, no. 5 (May 2002): 619–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00453.

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Williams, Gianna. "Reflections on the process of internalisation." Journal of Child Psychotherapy 17, no. 2 (April 1991): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00754179108256729.

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Knight, Gary A., and Peter W. Liesch. "Information internalisation in internationalising the firm." Journal of Business Research 55, no. 12 (December 2002): 981–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(02)00375-2.

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Ye, Haixin, Qian Yang, Huaxia Guo, Xing Wang, Lifang Cheng, Bingqi Han, Mukeng Hong, et al. "Internalisation of neutrophils extracellular traps by macrophages aggravate rheumatoid arthritis via Rab5a." RMD Open 10, no. 1 (March 2024): e003847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003847.

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ObjectivesAlthough elevated levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the role of NETs in RA and the relationship between NETs and macrophages in the pathogenesis of RA requires further research. Here, we sought to determine the role of NETs in RA pathogenesis and reveal the potential mechanism.MethodsNeutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA were measured in human serum and synovium. NETs inhibitor GSK484 was used to examine whether NETs involved with RA progression. We stimulated macrophages with NETs and detected internalisation-related proteins to investigate whether NETs entry into macrophages and induced inflammatory cytokines secretion through internalisation. To reveal mechanisms mediating NETs-induced inflammation aggravation, we silenced GTPases involved in internalisation and inflammatory pathways in vivo and in vitro and detected downstream inflammatory pathways.ResultsSerum and synovium from patients with RA showed a significant increase in NE and MPO, which positively correlated to disease activity. Inhibiting NETs formation alleviated the collagen-induced arthritis severity. In vitro, NETs are internalised by macrophages and located in early endosomes. Rab 5a was identified as the key mediator of the NETs internalisation and inflammatory cytokines secretion. Rab 5a knockout mice exhibited arthritis alleviation. Moreover, we found that NE contained in NETs activated the Rab5a-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway and promoted the inflammatory cytokines secretion in macrophages.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that NETs-induced macrophages inflammation to aggravate RA in Rab 5a dependent manner. Mechanically, Rab5a mediated internalisation of NETs by macrophages and NE contained in NETs promoted macrophages inflammatory cytokines secretion through NF-κB-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signal pathway. Therapeutic targeting Rab 5a or NE might extend novel strategies to minimise inflammation in RA.

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Kumar Prajapati, Prince, and Amit Kumar Sinha. "How Internalisation of Rupee Helps to Growth of Indian Economy." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 4 (April 5, 2024): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24329232545.

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Raffone, Antonino, Marta Olivetti Belardinelli, and Cees van Leeuwen. "Regularities, context, and neural coding: Are universals reflected in the experienced world?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 4 (August 2001): 701–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01620089.

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Barlow's concept of the exploitation of environmental statistical regularities may be more plausibly related to brain mechanisms than Shepard's notion of internalisation. In our view, Barlow endorses a bottom-up approach to neural coding and processing, whereas we suggest that feedback interactions in the visual system, as well as chaotic correlation dynamics in the brain, are crucial in exploiting and assimilating environmental regularities. We also discuss the “conceptual tension” between Shepard's ideas of law internalisation and evolutionary adaptation. [Barlow; Shepard]

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Fatt, Scott J., Jasmine Fardouly, and Ronald M. Rapee. "#malefitspo: Links between viewing fitspiration posts, muscular-ideal internalisation, appearance comparisons, body satisfaction, and exercise motivation in men." New Media & Society 21, no. 6 (January 1, 2019): 1311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818821064.

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Exposure to fitspiration content via social media can influence women’s body satisfaction and exercise inspiration, but fitspiration exposure has not been investigated in men. This study examined links between the frequency of viewing fitspiration content on Instagram, and men’s body satisfaction, appearance-based exercise motivation and health-based exercise motivation, and whether those relationships were mediated by muscular-ideal internalisation and/or appearance comparison tendency. Participants were 17- to 27-year-old Australian men who used Instagram ( N = 118). Frequency of viewing fitspiration content was not directly associated with body satisfaction or reasons for exercise. However, significant indirect pathways were observed through greater muscular-ideal internalisation and appearance comparison tendency. Viewing more fitspiration content was associated with greater muscular-ideal internalisation and higher appearance comparison tendency, which in turn was associated with less body satisfaction, more appearance-based exercise motivation and less health-based exercise motivation. Fitspiration appears to be more closely related to appearance than health in men.

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Castellano, F., P. Montcourrier, and P. Chavrier. "Membrane recruitment of Rac1 triggers phagocytosis." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 17 (September 1, 2000): 2955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.17.2955.

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Rac1 is a Ρ-family GTP-binding protein that controls lamellipodia formation and membrane ruffling in fibroblasts. Recently, Rac1 and Cdc42, another member of the Ρ-family, have been shown to regulate Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages by controlling different steps of membrane and actin dynamics leading to particle engulfment. Here, we investigated the function of Rac1 using a membrane recruitment system that mimics phagocytosis. Recruitment of an activated Rac1 protein to the cytoplasmic domain of an engineered membrane receptor by using rapamycin as a bridge induces ingestion of latex beads bound to the receptor. Rac1-mediated bead uptake depends on actin polymerisation since actin filaments accumulate at the bead/membrane binding sites and internalisation is inhibited by cytochalasin D. Internalisation is also abolished upon substitution of Phe37 to Leu in the Rac1 effector region. Our results indicate that by promoting actin polymerisation at particle attachment sites, Rac1 by acting through specific downstream effectors induces plasma membrane remodeling that allows particle internalisation in a membrane-enclosed phagosome.

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Kromerova, Enrika, and Saulius Šukys. "DOES INTERNALISATION OF MORAL VALUES PREDICT ADOLESCENTS’ PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND LESS TOLERANCE TOWARDS ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR?" SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 25, 2018): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3270.

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The purpose of the current qualitative cross-sectional design study was to examine relations between the internalisation of moral values and prosocial behaviour as well as tolerance towards antisocial behaviour in adolescence. A total of 385 adolescents (192 girls and 193 boys) aged 13 and 16 years (mean age = 14.6, SD = 1.11) completed the self-reported measures of moral values internalisation, adolescents’ prosocial behaviour, and tolerance towards antisocial behaviour. Girls scored significantly higher than boys on moral values internalisation and such prosocial behaviour types as altruism and help in emergency situations. Girls were significantly less tolerant towards antisocial behaviour. Multiple regression analysis showed that external and introjected value regulations were the significant predictors of altruistic behaviour. Only the identified regulation was a significant predictor of adolescents’ intention to help others in emergency situations. Adolescent tolerance towards antisocial behaviour was predicted by the identified and integrated value regulations. Overall, these findings reflected the importance of personal values, especially moral values for encouraging adolescents’ moral behaviour and intolerance towards antisocial behaviour of peers.

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Aguiló-Aguayo, Noemí, Lionel Maurizi, Sandra Galmarini, Marie Gabrielle Ollivier-Beuzelin, Géraldine Coullerez, Enric Bertran, and Heinrich Hofmann. "Aqueous stabilisation of carbon-encapsulated superparamagnetic α-iron nanoparticles for biomedical applications." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 36 (2014): 13764–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00085d.

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Carpentier, JL. "Internalisation et recyclage du récepteur de l'insuline." médecine/sciences 4, no. 2 (1988): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/3773.

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TIMOFTI, Iulia Cristina. "Formation, Internalisation and Transformation of Personal Values." Anuarul Universitatii Petre Andrei din Iasi - Fascicula: Asistenta Sociala, Sociologie, Psihologie 25 (2020): 192–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/upasw/25/44.

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The present study presents the complex process of generating and transforming personal values. It presents the major factors that influence the formation of values, the primary and secondary socialisation, and also the transformations that occur at an individual level.

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Hogset, A., L. Prasmickaite, B. Engesaeter, M. Hellum, P. Selbo, V. Olsen, G. Maelandsmo, and K. Berg. "Light Directed Gene Transfer by Photochemical Internalisation." Current Gene Therapy 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566523034578438.

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Andreotti, Antonino. "Globalisation and corporation internalisation: a critical viewpoint." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 4, no. 4 (2004): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2004.005480.

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Selbo, Pål Kristian, Anders Høgset, Lina Prasmickaite, and Kristian Berg. "Photochemical Internalisation: A Novel Drug Delivery System." Tumor Biology 23, no. 2 (2002): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000059713.

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Lana, Erica, Mahbod Khanbolouki, Charline Degavre, Eva-Britt Samuelsson, Elisabet Åkesson, Bengt Winblad, Evren Alici, Christina Unger Lithner, and Homira Behbahani. "Perforin Promotes Amyloid Beta Internalisation in Neurons." Molecular Neurobiology 54, no. 2 (January 16, 2016): 874–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-9685-9.

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