Academic literature on the topic 'Internal working documents'
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Journal articles on the topic "Internal working documents"
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Zakirova, Alsou, Guzaliya Klychova, Ludmila Tarasova, Nadezhda Pimenova, and Olga Yu Abasheva. "Development of methodological basics of internal control of stocks at the agricultural enterprise." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125812010.
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Stocks are one of the key factors that ensure consistency and continuity of reproduction. In this regard, internal control of stocks is an essential element of enterprise management of the enterprise. The aim of the article is to improve the methodological support of internal control of stocks. The article establishes the peculiarities of internal control of availability and safety of stocks in the conditions of development of digital economy. In order to improve control procedures, working documents of internal control of availability and safety of Stocks were developed. In the course of the study, the main stages of internal control over the flow and efficiency of the use of Stocks have been considered. In order to comply with the principles of rationality, priority and consistency in the conduct of internal control, it was proposed to use a working document of internal control «Program for internal control of the movement and efficiency of Stock use». To verify the correctness of the assessment of Stocks during their receipt, procurement, purchase it is proposed to use a working document of internal control «Checking the correctness of the estimate of reserves when they arrive”. This document allows you to identify errors in the evaluation of Stocks, the formation of their actual cost, which affects the cost of production and the final financial result. To increase informativeness and sufficiency of working documents at the analysis of movement of stocks we recommend to use working documents of the internal control containing planned (standard) indicators, similar data of the last periods, indicators on an accrual basis since the beginning of the controlled period. Comparing the controlled indicators with planned values it is possible to estimate their fulfillment and to find out the reasons of discrepancies that can appear as a result of thefts, abuses and violations.
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Klychova, Guzaliya, Alsu Zakirova, Augul Klychova, Guliya Sattarova, and Il'dus Gimadiev. "IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF FINANCIAL RESULTS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-113-120.
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One of the key tools for managing the financial performance of enterprises is internal control aimed at ensuring the safety and efficient use of material, labor and financial resources. In order to avoid errors in reflecting the final results of activities in the enterprise, an effective system for its implementation must be formed, designed to check the correctness of the reflection of operations and the timeliness of drawing up reliable financial statements. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for improving the methodological support of internal control of financial results. In the course of the study, the procedures carried out during the internal control of financial results were ranked depending on the stages of control. Working papers are proposed that contribute to improving the effectiveness of audit planning, the timely collection of evidence and the full implementation of control activities. The developed form of the program of internal control of financial results determines the directions and intensity of control measures. Working papers “Checking the execution of primary documents” and “Checking the timeliness of receipt of payments under contracts” ensure the timely collection of evidence and the full implementation of control procedures. Based on the first of them, the controllers check the completeness and correctness of the documents, filling in all the necessary details; the legality of transactions and the logical linkage of individual indicators. Using the working document “Checking the timeliness of receipt of payments under contracts” for each counterparty, you can timely identify the formation of receivables, prevent the emergence of doubtful and overdue receivables. The application of the developed working documents in practice will contribute to the achievement of goals and the solution of urgent tasks of internal control for the effective management of the financial results of the production activity of the enterprise
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Zakirova, Alsu, Guzaliya Klychova, Amina Husainova, Angelina Dyatlova, and Igor' Nikitenko. "IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF INTERNAL MONEY CONTROL OF THE ENTERPRISE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 3 (November 21, 2021): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-112-120.
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Today, most of the business transactions carried out by an economic entity, including in the process of settlements with counterparties, are associated with cash flows. Therefore, the issues of internal control are of particular relevance, which contributes to information and consulting support and optimization of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise. The purpose of the work is to develop methodological tools for internal control of funds at the enterprise. In the course of the study, forms of working documents for internal control were developed. To determine a general strategy and a detailed approach to conducting effective control procedures, it was proposed to use an internal control program, which should take into account its resource support, namely, the personnel who will carry out the audit; normative and informational support of the audit; methodological support of verification. The proposed working document of internal control “Test for assessing the accounting system for cash transactions” is designed to collect complete and reliable information about the organization of the accounting system of cash flows, assess the degree of ensuring their safety and intended use at the enterprise. To summarize the results of checking cash flow operations at the cash desk of the enterprise and in bank accounts, their expediency and validity, as well as fixing violations identified in the process of internal control, reports on the results of the audit and detected violations were developed such working documents as: “Report on results checks of cash transactions”, “Checking operations on the movement of funds on settlement accounts in the bank” and “Revealed violations in the accounting of banking operations”. Based on the results of the audit, summarized in the proposed working documents of internal control, the company's management can make managerial decisions to improve the efficiency of the use of funds based on the creation of a liquidity management system.
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Krönert, Günther. "International standard for an office document architecture model." Journal of Information Science 10, no. 2 (February 1985): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016555158501000203.
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The office document architecture model shows the internal structures and correlations in documents, independently of applications. The model allows the derivation of different but mutually compatible protocols which take into account the requirements peculiar to applications such as transmission, processing or archiving of documents. The model discussed in the international standardization documents are presented and interpreted. It is shown how editing, formatting and dynamic embedding of documents in the office environment, or in office procedures, can be regarded as abstract processes working on the basis of this model. This demonstrates the usefulness of the architecture model for future implementations of office sys tems.
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Бондина, Наталья, Natal'ya Bondina, Игорь Бондин, Igor' Bondin, Юлия Егорова, and Yuliya Egorova. "Regulation and Documentation Internal Audit." Auditor 5, no. 8 (September 3, 2019): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d661460d8a326.92065242.
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Th e article presents the results of the analysis of practical issues of regulation of the activities of the internal audit service and increasing the importance of using for draft ing internal audit procedures working documents developed in accordance with the requirements of the International Standards on Auditing.
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Sieber, Jakub. "Internal Audit of the Informational Management Process." REFLEXIE Kompendium teórie a praxe podnikania 6, no. 1 (2022): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54937/refl.2022.6.1.90-105.
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Information is one of the most important and valuable tools available to management. A well-designed document registration system, which includes: Directives, working procedures, as well as e-mail communications, meeting minutes, and more. Organizations have at their disposal several dozen tools that allow the setting up of new processes and procedures with which an organization can streamline the process of transmitting and obtaining information. These tools include, among others, the external Microsoft-office tool, which allows vast amounts of information to be stored on disks, as a service for the organization. This paper will address the implementation of new workflows in the processes of the investigated organization in order to streamline the work of documents and information shared between those responsible throughout the organization.
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Romiko, Rohiima, and Pardi Pardi. "Analisis sistem informasi akuntansi pembelian di Pt. Suryamustika." Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 5, no. 5 (December 25, 2022): 2250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v5i5.2703.
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This study aims to determine the effect of purchasing components, supporting documents, document writing, and internal management on purchasing accounting information systems. This study used a quantitative method with a purposive sampling technique for 102 employees who are still actively working at PT. Suryamustika. The primary source of research data is primary data obtained from questionnaires. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 19. The results showed that the purchasing components, supporting documents, document writing, and internal management had an influence on the purchasing accounting information system at PT. Suryamustika. So it is important for companies to improve their accounting information system, which was previously done manually but is now digital because of increasingly advanced technology, so that each purchase order can be made faster and the data provided is also correct according to the updated data.
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Chakalova, N. "DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING DOCUMENTS FOR INTERNAL CONTROL OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES." Agrosvit, no. 22 (November 30, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6792.2018.22.81.
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Bondar, V. P. "Working Documents of an Auditor and the Quality Control of Financial Reporting Made up on Foreign Investor’s Demand." Statistics of Ukraine 80, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(80).2018.01.09.
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Specifics of using the working documents of an auditor when auditing the financial reporting made up on external user (foreign investor) demand are highlighted. It is demonstrated by statistical data that the foreign investment in Ukraine has been growing. It follows that investors need to have confidence that the financial information used by them for making decisions on the allocation of capital is authentic and reliable, which means that a foreign investor needs high quality audit. The abovementioned increases the responsibility of an auditor for the quality of audit conclusions made by the audit results. The commonly accepted quality criterion of audit is the requirements of the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) 2015, adopted in Ukraine as national ones. As ISA do not offer specific examples regarding the format of the auditor’s working documents, a practical example is taken to demonstrate the method for quality assurance of an auditor task using check lists (working documents) in the auditing practice. An example of check list and list to the company’s administrative personnel (the customer’s administration) on the audit results is shown. The list to the customer’s administration consists of the two parts: the address to administration and the section “Report on essential comments and defects identified in the process of audit”. This section reveals the auditor’s observations on the internal control and accounting system. An example of working document “cross control”, which is used in forming the auditor’s opinion and ensures the comparability of data obtained by an auditor, is given. Being the basis for forming the auditor’s opinion, the working documents of an auditor, once unified, will reduce the labor intensity of audit procedures. It is demonstrated that the standardized working documents allow for higher quality of audit and foreign investor’s confidence.
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Surovtseva, Nataliya G. "Classification of documents as a theoretical problem in office work and in the archive." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2022): 756–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-3-756-771.
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For archival and documentary studies, classification issues are of key importance for the development of the methodology of scientific research, the results of which should be applied in practice. The issues of document classification were raised by scientists and specialists in the field of working with documents throughout the Soviet period. K.G. Mityaev paid a lot of attention to the problem of document classification. He was the first to draw attention to the fact that it is necessary to achieve conjugation in the classification of documents in office work and archive. In archival science and archival work, the question of the classification of documents has traditionally been associated with the development of lists of documents with an indication of storage periods. The purpose of the selection of documents for archival storage determined the approach to the classification of documents as the formation of complexes of document systems and subsystems formed as a result of documenting various areas of society. In document science, the problem of document classification resulted in the development of the concept of "document type" and the construction of a specific classification scheme. The problem of classification was actualized in connection with the development of unified documentation systems and raised in the scientific research of A.N. Sokova on document systematics. Her attempt to deepen the classification scheme to the level of a document was unsuccessful and in document science the concept of "document type" was fixed in the meaning of the classification unit of documents with a common self-designation, functional purpose and design features. Modern possibilities of using information technologies in working with documents allow us to take a different look at solving the problem of document classification. It is necessary to abandon the idea of constructing a universal hierarchical classification, which is a flat, linear model. It is necessary to create an integral classification structure, which is based on numerous internal relationships between meanings. The model of such an integral classification is the database of the information system. The classification scheme of the database is based on specific measurements (details, attributes, indicators), the meanings of which are determined using the reference book. At the same time, the composition of classification measurements for all documents in one information system will be the same, but the values of these measurements for each document will be different. Practical possibilities for classifying documents are associated with the need to solve a number of theoretical problems. It is necessary to determine the composition of measurements for constructing a classification scheme and to establish those that are uniform for information systems in management and in the archive.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Internal working documents"
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Larher, Yann-Maël. "Les relations numériques de travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020012/document.
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Phénomène émergent, l’usage des réseaux sociaux en ligne et des outils informatiques mobiles croît de façon exponentielle et tend à se généraliser. Leur développement envahit peu à peu tous les espaces de vie, marquant plus particulièrement celui des entreprises, le monde du travail. La question du rapport entre les nouvelles technologies et le droit du travail n'est pas nouvelle, elle date de l'introduction de l'informatique dans la sphère sociale, notamment dans les relations collectives. Pour autant, l'examen de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence récentes témoigne largement de nouvelles problématiques juridiques quant à l'utilisation de moyens de communication sans limite de temps et d'espace. L’usage d’internet, et plus spécifiquement des réseaux sociaux dans l’entreprise déséquilibre les relations de travail en confrontant le pouvoir de l’employeur aux droits et libertés émergents et intimement liés aux nouvelles pratiques salariales. Ces nouveaux rapports invitent à remodeler la législation sociale pour une garantie des droits et libertés qui se veut effective. Les réseaux sociaux d’entreprises interrogent enfin sur le renouvellement du dialogue social dans l’entreprise dans une société démocratique de l’information. Brouillant les anciens cadres de référence, les nouvelles technologies de la communication invitent à une réflexion sur le devenir du droit du travailAn emerging phenomenon, online social network and mobile apps usage has increased exponentially and is becoming widespread. Their exponential adoption offers a multitude of possibilities which is gradually invading living spaces, and in particular the professional world. The link between new technologies and employment law is not really new and dates from the arrival of IT (Information Technology) into the professional world, especially in collective relationships. However, recent doctrine and jurisprudence examinations surface new legal issues in regards to the use of new communication means that don’t have any time and space limits. Internet usage, and more precisely social network usage within companies, destabilises employment laws and leads to a confrontation between employer rights and the employees’ emerging rights and freedoms according to new practices. Companies’ relationship to social networks resurface questions about the renewal of industrial relationships inside a company that belongs to a democratic information-based society. Reshaping old frameworks, and new communication technologies encourages a wider reconsideration of future employment laws
Books on the topic "Internal working documents"
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Commission of the European Communities. Working document of the Commission on a strategic programme on the internal market: Reinforcing the effectiveness of the internal market. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1993.
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Gadzhiev, Nazirhan, Natal'ya Ivlicheva, Pavel Ivlichev, Elena Kolesnikova, Sergei Aleksandrovich Konovalenko, Ruslan Kornilovich, Mihail Lobanov, et al. Accounting. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1032771.
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The textbook contains 29 topics that reveal the specifics of the discipline "Accounting". Their study will allow students to master the basic techniques, accounting techniques, learn to identify errors and violations in the work of the organization, signs of economic crimes, acquire skills in working with regulatory documents regulating accounting and financial work in the line of economic security and anti-corruption.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Designed for students majoring in 38.05.01 " Economic security "(specialization "Economic and legal support of economic security"), cadets, students of higher educational institutions, including educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
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Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.
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<p>The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre reinforced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000.<p> Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site.<p> Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining components.<p> Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increasingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively.<p> This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland.<p> This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.
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The Internal energy market (Commission working document). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1988.
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MacDonald, Scott. The Sublimity of Document. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052126.001.0001.
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The Sublimity of Document: Cinema as Diorama (Avant-Doc 2) is an international collection of in-depth, substantive interviews with moving-image artists working “avant-doc,” that is, making films that explore the territory between documentary and experimental cinema. The Sublimity of Document follows on MacDonald’s earlier Avant-Doc: Intersections of Documentary and Avant-Garde Cinema (Oxford, 2015), though the focus here is on filmmakers who are committed to document itself, willing to go anywhere on the planet (or within film archives or on the internet) to document what they believe we need to see—regardless of whatever political implications the film experiences they create may have for us. The book uses the early history of the museum habitat diorama of animal life, specifically the Akeley Hall of African Mammals at the American Museum of Natural History, as a way of rethinking both early and modern cinema of document—and especially those recent filmmakers and films devoted to providing a panorama of places and events that viewers might never have opportunities to experience in person. The twenty-seven interviews in The Sublimity of Document are organized panoramically within the volume.
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Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Medizinstrafrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748902744.
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Criminal law in relation to medical practice is subject to more public and specialist scrutiny than ever before, and the scope of duties of lawyers working in the field of medical law are as varied as they are different. The 9th conference on criminal law with regard to medical practice (9. Medizinstrafrechtstag) in Düsseldorf was therefore dedicated to satisfying the need of the victims of medical malpractice and legal advisory teams to gain a better understanding of this complex and wide-ranging branch of the law. These conference proceedings document the presentations held by academics and practitioners from this field, which address current developments in criminal law with regard to medical practice, internal investigations in medical institutions, medical criminal proceedings, the law on the licence to practise medicine, criminal liability for incorrect medical advice and the provision of patient care according to §§ 299a, b of the Strafgesetzbuch, Germany’s penal code. This book therefore provides jurists, doctors and all others interested in this subject with a sound and in-depth overview of the legal limits that govern the behaviour of those working in the healthcare sector. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Thomas Hillenkamp, Annika Hille, Dr. Maximilian Warntjen, Prof. Dr. Detlev Sternberg-Lieben, Dr. Andreas Penner
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Farias, Pedro Lima Gondim de, and Marcus Aurélio de Freitas Barros. Advocacia na Era Digital: Uma análise sobre possíveis impactos práticos e jurídicos das novas tecnologias na dinâmica da advocacia privada. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-213-1.
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This work aims to analyze the possible practical and legal repercussions of the implementation of technologies characteristic of the digital age in the dynamics of advocacy. Considering the increasing influence that scientific advances have exercised not only in human life, but especially in the ways of working and in the models of the professions, the objective was to prospectively investigate the transformations of this context in advocacy. In order to improve the understanding of the research, three common sectors-activities were separated between the more traditional advocacy: manual labor; systems and departments, highlighting the most recurring bottlenecks. Ahead, there were also three technologies highlighted in the technological revolution, which were: artificial intelligence; automation of legal documents and big data. In the meantime, possible resistance factors between law and technology were also discussed. Finally, through a bibliographic and exploratory methodological process, the research explored possible consequences of the direct insertion of these new technologies in each specific sector of traditional law, considering the functionalities and the problems that would be solved. Thus, there were several repercussions, both practical and legal, including the financial, methodological, strategic and organizational logistics of the offices, among which were mentioned: gain of time; fees. internal costs; data-based procedural strategy, and more. Still, in addition to the realization of the high probability of changes in the lawyer's practice, there was a need to seek solutions that really connect the law to innovations in this new scenario, with emphasis on the contracting of services offered by lawtechs.
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Millward, Gareth. Sick Note. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865748.001.0001.
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Abstract Sick Note is a history of how the British state asked, ‘who is really sick?’ Tracing medical certification for absence from work from 1948 to 2010, it shows that doctors, employers, employees, politicians, media commentators, and citizens each concerned themselves with measuring sickness. At various times, each understood that a signed note from a doctor was not enough to ‘prove’ whether someone was ‘really’ sick. Yet, with no better alternative on offer, the sick note survived in practice and in the popular imagination—just like the welfare state itself. Sick Note reveals the interplay between medical, employment, and social security policy. The physical note became an integral part of working and living in Britain, while the term ‘sick note’ was often deployed rhetorically as a mocking nickname or symbol of Britain’s economic and political troubles. Using government policy documents, popular media, internet archives, and contemporary research, this book covers the evolution of medical certification and the welfare state since the Second World War, demonstrating how sickness and disability policies responded to demographic and economic changes—though not always satisfactorily for administrators or claimants. Moreover, despite the creation of ‘the fit note’ in 2010, the idea of ‘the sick note’ has remained. With the specific challenges posed by the global pandemic in the early 2020s, Sick Note shows how the question of ‘who is really sick?’ has never been straightforward and will continue to perplex the British state.
Book chapters on the topic "Internal working documents"
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Bramwell, Donna, Kath Checkland, Jolanta Shields, and Pauline Allen. "1990s: The Introduction of the Internal Market." In Community Nursing Services in England, 43–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17084-3_5.
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AbstractThe National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990, set in motion by the publication of the 1989 White Papers—Working for Patients and Caring for People, saw an intense time of policy change which would profoundly impact community and district nursing services. These papers ushered in the introduction of the internal market with purchaser/provider split between commissioners and providers of services, aiming for better services, better patient choice and to reduce costs. This chapter focuses on how the NHS was re-structured to facilitate this quasi-market organisation with Health Authorities (HAs), once pivotal, replaced by Primary Care Groups (PCGs) at the end of the decade. We document here the impact of these changes on the district nursing service as well as bringing to the fore that it was a service in crisis and in need of attention. Heavy caseloads coupled with a diminishing workforce led to a review of the grading system and an increasing use of ‘skill-mix’. We also highlight that aligned with internal marketisation ideals, funding of community services was based on a crude count of average number of contacts rather than based on the complexities of the role. As ever, there was a need for district nurses to ‘deliver more for less’ (Audit Commission, 1999, p. 94) at the end of the era.
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Arabsolgar, Dena, and Andrea Musumeci. "Cloud-Based Platform for the Circular Value-Chain." In Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 271–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_14.
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AbstractThe FiberEUse IT platform is a tool that enables the exchange of information among stakeholders working into and crossing the glass and carbon fibers value chains. The list of stakeholders had been identified and is listed into the document. The list of users of the platform is also listed into the document, although it is not fixed. During the collection and analysis of the requirements, the circularity of the approach had been in the core focus. This drove to the identification of solutions able to cover all the different and innovative aspects of a Circular Economy Systemic Innovation. New products, new processes, new materials, new connections, quick and unexpected introductions of innovations, methodological approach, end of waste concept, availability of objects for dismantle, not-standardized parameters, are only some of the aspects arisen analysing deeply the requirements. They have all been approached in the platform which is by definition circular, dynamic, expandable and polymorphic. In the FiberEUse project, the validation activities of the IT platform had adopted an agile approach involving demonstrators during the preliminary phases of analysis, and mock-up creation. An internal technical validation had been completed. The methodology had been adopted and main results are reported in Sect. 5.
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Ramirez, Amelie G., and Edward J. Trapido. "Looking Forward: Continuing Collaboration for Action." In Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos, 209–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14436-3_18.
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AbstractThe second ASCL conference was held in February 2020, about 1 month after the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was documented in the United States and before evidence of community spread. Since then, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic that has disproportionately infected, hospitalized, and killed ethnic and racial minorities in the United States (Jacobson et al., Am J Prev Med 61(5):644–651, 2021; Moore et al., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69:1122–1126, 2020; Shiels et al., Ann Intern Med. https://doi.org/10.7326/m21-2134, 2021; American Cancer Society, Cancer facts & figures 2021. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 2021). According to a report of provisional life expectancy estimates from the National Center for Health Statistics, the life expectancy for US Hispanics decreased 3 years (81.8–78.8) between 2019 and 2020. As a result, the life expectancy advantage held by Hispanics over non-Hispanic whites narrowed by 60%, suggesting poorer health and mortality outcomes for the US Hispanic population. It is estimated that 90% of this decline in the life expectancy gap is the result of mortality caused by COVID-19 (Arias et al., Provisional life expectancy estimates for 2020. National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, 2021). Some speculate that this disease disparity exists because Hispanics and other underrepresented groups receive the greatest exposure to the virus. They are more likely to live in densely populated areas and multigenerational households; use public transportation; and have essential public-facing jobs in the service and healthcare sectors, where working from home is not an option (American Cancer Society, Cancer facts & figures 2021. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 2021; Hooper et al., JAMA 323(24):2466–2467, 2020; Balogun et al., JAMA Oncol 6(10):1531–1532, 2020). If infected, they are also more likely to experience severe symptoms of COVID-19 because of comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and other chronic conditions (Hooper et al., JAMA 323(24):2466–2467, 2020).
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Nyitrai, Erika, Balázs Varga, and Adam Tarcsi. "Towards an Ontology-Based Educational Information System." In Enterprise Resource Planning Models for the Education Sector, 123–44. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2193-0.ch008.
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Nowadays in higher education, we create lots of documents and datasets for every activity. We have to maintain course, program, and syllabus information, and also the connections between the course themes. We can download some documentation for this information, but there are many questions difficult to answer. Also we can find some HR related or organizational issues. The authors are working for an ontology which is able to picture the connections between the actors of a higher education system. Their ontology is built with integrating some existing one, for example AIISO (Academic Institution Internal Structure Ontology), FOAF (Friend of a Friend) and DC (Dublin Core). The ontology has four connected parts. These can describe an organization with its internal structure, the program and courses of a University, the people connected with the organizations, the courses or some documents. The authors can also characterize course materials, such as documents, books, or multimedia contents and can connect the knowledge base with ERP systems also.
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Aguirre-Muñoz, Zenaida, Brian Dang, and Elias S. Loria Garro. "Impact of Integrated Science and Mathematics Instruction on Middle School Science and Mathematics Achievement." In Advances in Research in STEM Education [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104082.
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Despite the impetus from professional organizations for science and math integration, evidence in support of such efforts in raising both science and mathematics achievement is scarce, particularly for underrepresented students. The available literature is mixed especially regarding impact on mathematics outcomes. This exploratory study documents the impact of the Middle School Math and Science (MS)2 Integration project based on the results of the internal evaluation of an intensive teacher training model for integrated science and mathematics in middle school. Multivariate analysis of variance shows (MS)2 positively impacted middle school students’ science and mathematics knowledge in this sample of diverse students. Overall, the (MS)2 group outperformed the comparison group. There was also evidence that students who received (MS)2 integrated instruction in science classrooms slightly outperformed those who received (MS)2 integrated instruction in math classrooms. Multiple regression results indicated that (MS)2 group membership and opportunity to learn through integrated instruction were significant predictors of students’ science and mathematics scores. Although students in (MS)2 classrooms were more likely to have higher achievement scores, the frequency of integrated instruction opportunities also significantly predicted student achievement, particularly in mathematics classrooms. Ethnicity and gender were not significant predictors of student scores. Implications are discussed.
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Dimitrov, Martin K. "Studying Government Perceptions of Popular Discontent in Autocracies." In Dictatorship and Information, 31—Aa1P14. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197672921.003.0002.
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Abstract Opacity is a fundamental feature of nondemocratic politics. Understanding the mechanisms of autocratic rule requires piercing the veil of authoritarian secrecy by utilizing direct sources that are generated internally for regime insiders rather than for public distribution. The chapter engages with two central questions that arise when working with internal government materials. The first is definitional: What are these direct sources? Where are they located? And how have they been constituted? The second is methodological: How do we approach documents of this kind? This chapter argues that archival ethnography is the most effective technique for engaging with direct sources. This methodological approach yields both empirical and theoretical insights about information gathering in communist autocracies that are presented in the remainder of the chapter and in Appendix A1, which illustrates how direct sources enrich our understandings of the complex issue of estimating the size of the corps of informants in autocracies.
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Panhwar, Aijaz, Ateeq Rehman Memon, Azhar Naeem, Aftab Kandhro, Syed Zainulibad, Sofia Qaisar, and Awais Panhwar. "Internal Audit." In Six Sigma and Quality Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107220.
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The internal audit is an efficient, free, and documented procedure for gathering audit evidence and objectively evaluating it to ascertain the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled. The internal audit is very effective tool not only to judge the level meeting the needed requirements but also to improve the Quality Management System of the organization and great impact for the improvement of the performance of testing laboratories, inspection, certification agencies, and can play vital role for the strengthening of any organization. Internal Audit is a major way out to read through to gain guarantee that the organization is actually doing what it says is doing. During the internal audits in accordance with any of the required check, an auditor makes sure that the actions taken to meet the quality objectives of the organization are appropriate, and management system is in compliance with the relevant standard/ check. Nowadays, quality is important in business and industrial world as it is actually the value addition. The organization must have a quality system in place to guarantee that the product or service being offered is of a high enough calibers to satisfy the needs of the clients.
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Benger Alaluf, Yaara. "Defining the Product." In The Emotional Economy of Holidaymaking, 77–99. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866152.003.0004.
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This chapter explores how the objectives of the nascent holiday resort industry transformed in relation to dynamics of health, pleasure, and social class. It analyses the process of defining holiday as a product by drawing on source material from the different actors in the resort economy, including internal documents of the local corporations, resort publications, travel guides, railway advertising, vacationers’ accounts, and medical literature referring directly to holiday practices. It shows that the emotionally loaded encounter between different social classes at the resort was a core aspect of the shifting practices of holidaymaking from ‘taking the waters’ to commercial amusements, or from health to recreation. In order to comprehend these transformations, the chapter focuses on three watering-places that were among the most popular holiday destinations in Victorian and Edwardian Britain, but which differed in their characteristics: Harrogate—an aristocratic inland spa; Scarborough—a spa and seaside resort with mixed social clientele; and Blackpool—the exemplary working-class seaside town. The chapter concludes by pointing to the impact of the therapeutic rationalization of recreational activities on the resort industry, arguing that the notions of health and pleasure in the history of holidaymaking should not be addressed as opposites, but as interrelated concepts defined and valued within a wider context, namely the relation between leisure, class, gender, scientific expertise, and emotion knowledge.
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Suh, Woojong, and Heeseok Lee. "Managing Organizational Hypermedia Documents." In Advanced Topics in Database Research, Volume 1, 250–66. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-41-9.ch013.
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Recently, many organizations have attempted to build hypermedia systems to expand their working areas into Internet-based virtual work places. Increasingly, it becomes more important than ever to manage organizational hypermedia documents (OHDs); metadata plays a critical role for managing these documents. This chapter redefines metadata roles and proposes a metadata classification and the corresponding metadata schema for OHDs. Furthermore, a meta-information system, HyDoMiS (Hyperdocument Meta-information System) built on the basis of this schema is proposed. HyDoMiS performs three functions: metadata management, search, and reporting. The metadata management function is concerned with workflow, documents, and databases. The system is more likely to help implement and maintain hypermedia information systems effectively.
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Suh, Woojong, and Heeseok Lee. "Hypermedia Document Management." In Human Computer Interaction Development & Management, 71–92. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-931777-13-1.ch005.
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Recently, many organizations have attempted to build hypermedia systems to expand their working areas into Internet-based virtual workplaces. Thus, it is important to manage corporate hypermedia documents effectively. Metadata plays a critical role for managing these documents. This paper identifies metadata roles and components to build a metadata schema. Furthermore, a meta-information system, HyDoMiS (Hyperdocument Meta-information System) is proposed by the use of this metadata schema. HyDoMiS performs three functions: metadata management, search, and reporting. The metadata management function is concerned with workflow, documents, and databases. The system is more likely to help implement and maintain hypermedia information systems effectively.
Conference papers on the topic "Internal working documents"
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Balkey, J. J., L. J. Sanchez, and R. E. Wieneke. "Integrated Quality Assurance Program for Transuranic Waste Management at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Plutonium Facility." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4588.
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Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is one of two design laboratories in the United States Department of Energy’s (DOE) weapons complex. It has over 60 years of experience in handling radioactive materials and, consequently, in radioactive waste management. The current focus at LANL for actinide research and development is the Plutonium Facility, which has been in operation since 1978 and is the major source of transuranic (TRU) waste. The Nuclear Materials Technology (NMT) Division is responsible for operating the Plutonium Facility. It has a dedicated group of personnel who manage radioactive and hazardous waste, and address environmental regulations. The TRU Waste Certification Program has prescriptive requirements that must be met for waste to be certified by the DOE’s Carlsbad Field Office, which provides oversight to the final waste repository, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in Carlsbad, New Mexico. Quality assurance expectations are also well defined, from top-tier documents such as 10 Code of Federal Regulations 830.120. Quality Assurance Requirements, which carry the force of law, through CAO-94-1012, Quality Assurance Program Document, from WIPP, to LANL internal working documents. Internal and external audits are conducted regularly to verify the adequacy of the program for meeting these requirements. To ensure compliance with quality requirements in waste operations, the NMT-7 Waste Management and Environmental Compliance Group has two full-time quality assurance (QA) specialists. They are responsible for maintaining the Quality Assurance Program (QAP). They work directly with waste management personnel, and they are frequently in the field, working beside waste management technicians. They are responsible for ensuring that applicable QAP elements are implemented as required, and that waste operations are effective. They review waste management program documents and waste operations for compliance with requirements, and they observe selected waste operations regularly to ensure that these operations are being conducted in accordance with established procedures. A yearly surveillance schedule is established to guide assessment activities, but it has the flexibility to allow the QA specialists to address any problem areas they may encounter. The QA specialists track performance indicators and evaluate them for systemic issues that may affect quality, including tracking program corrective actions to completion. Monthly reports on QA activities are submitted to group managers. The QA specialists are also asked, on occasion, to lead quality-related investigations and to work with operations personnel to propose solutions. As a direct result of their efforts, the waste management group won Pin˜on quality assurance recognition from Quality New Mexico for the group’s commitment to quality.
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Herstead, S., M. de Vos, and S. Cook. "Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission: Readiness to Regulate SMRs in Canada." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6561.
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The success of any new build project is reliant upon all stakeholders — applicants, vendors, contractors and regulatory agencies — being ready to do their part. Over the past several years, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) has been working to ensure that it has the appropriate regulatory framework and internal processes in place for the timely and efficient licensing of all types of reactor, regardless of size. This effort has resulted in several new regulatory documents and internal processes including pre-project vendor design reviews. The CNSC’s general nuclear safety objective requires that nuclear facilities be designed and operated in a manner that will protect the health, safety and security of persons and the environment from unreasonable risk, and to implement Canada’s international commitments on the peaceful use of nuclear energy. To achieve this objective, the regulatory approach strikes a balance between pure performance-based regulation and prescriptive-based regulation. By utilizing this approach, CNSC seeks to ensure a regulatory environment exists that encourages innovation within the nuclear industry without compromising the high standards necessary for safety. The CNSC is applying a technology neutral approach as part of its continuing work to update its regulatory framework and achieve clarity of its requirements. A reactor power threshold of approximately 200 MW(th) has been chosen to distinguish between large and small reactors. It is recognized that some Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) will be larger than 200 MW(th), so a graded approach to achieving safety is still possible even though Nuclear Power Plant design and safety requirements will apply. Design requirements for large reactors are established through two main regulatory documents. These are RD-337 Design for New Nuclear Power Plants, and RD-310 Safety Analysis for Nuclear Power Plants. For reactors below 200 MW(th), the CNSC allows additional flexibility in the use of a graded approach to achieving safety in two new regulatory documents: RD-367 Design of Small Reactors and RD-308 Deterministic Safety Analysis for Small Reactors. The CNSC offers a pre-licensing vendor design review as an optional service for reactor facility designs. This review process is intended to provide early identification and resolution of potential regulatory or technical issues in the design process, particularly those that could result in significant changes to the design or analysis. The process aims to increase regulatory certainty and ultimately contribute to public safety. This paper outlines the CNSC’s expectations for applicant and vendor readiness and discusses the process for pre-licensing reviews which allows vendors and applicants to understand their readiness for licensing.
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Radmard, Shadie, and Monique Berg. "Determining the Yield Strength of In-Service Pipe Using Hardness Testing." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31460.
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Enbridge Energy Partners (EEP) (“Enbridge”) purchased a Tank Storage Facility in Cushing, Oklahoma in 2004. After the acquisition, it was discovered that pipe records were incomplete and hydrotest documents were unavailable for some of the pipe segments in the tank facility. In order to comply with the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 49 Part 195, it was determined that piping at the Cushing Facility should be operating under “low stress” conditions. To determine if this condition could be met, the internal design pressure and yield strength (“YS”) were required for each pipe segment. Without pipe records, neither the internal design pressure, nor the YS was known. In 2007, a project was undertaken by Enbridge to inspect and test all pipe segments identified to have missing pipe records. The project’s objectives were: (1) To establish procedure and process for nondestructive evaluation of tensile properties of in-service pipe; (2) To collect pipe characteristic information (i.e. diameter, wall thickness); (3) To determine if the piping could be considered low stress piping; and (4) If the piping could not be considered low stress, to select a course of action from the following options: a. Lower the Maximum Operating Pressure (MOP), b. Hydrotest the piping, c. Remove/Abandon all unnecessary lines. Two existing reports justified the use of hardness as a means of determining the YS of in-situ piping. Based on these reports, Enbridge developed the following project scope: (1) For all piping with missing records: a. to collect hardness data of in-situ pipe using two portable hardness testers (any hardness measurements taken with these portable hardness testers are hereinafter referred to as “field hardness”), b. to measure wall thickness of in-situ pipe; (2) To collect field hardness, lab hardness, YS and tensile strength data of pipe coupons of various diameters in order to establish a field hardness to YS correlation; (3) To determine the YS of the in-situ pipe using field hardness measurements and the established field hardness to YS correlation determined above; (4) To determine if the pipe could be considered low stress at existing operating pressures; (5) For pipe segments not deemed low stress at existing operating pressures, to calculate an internal design pressure (Allowable Working Pressure or “AWP”) required to maintain low stress conditions. This paper will describe the method used to determine YS and AWP of in-service piping using field hardness and compare the results obtained using this method to the YS and AWP determined using CFR Title 49 Part 195.106.
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Mihm, Gerhard. "Standard for Calibration Intervals." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.08.
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German Armed Forces had been tasked by International Military Metrology Conference (IMMC) to draft Annex C (Regulations for setting up Calibration Intervals) to the existing Standardization Agreement (STANAG) for Calibration Documentation (STANAG 4704). Setting up the calibration interval is mandatory according to ISO 10012 and ISO 9001:2008. ILAC-G24 is the guideline for the determination of calibration intervals of measuring instruments, IEC-IECEE 2007 OP-AAG010-Ed.1.1 2005-12-09 provides basic information for setting up calibration intervals for test equipment. Both standards refer to RP-1 for further information. RP-1 is very comprehensive (179 pages) and lists several methods to determine calibration intervals. Responsibility to set up calibration intervals lies within the owner of the test & measuring equipment. Most documents are only known by metrologists working in standard calibration laboratories. The new annex C to STANAG 4704 shall provide a short summary of these documents and provide guidance for the owner of the test & measuring equipment to set up calibration intervals properly.
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Agudo-Valiente, José María, Anna Biedermann, Ignacio López-Forniés, Belén Sanchez-Valverde-García, and Antonio Pardina-Carrera. "Development of tools for internal control and leadership recognition in working groups." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5428.
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Este artículo presenta el estado de experiencia docente llevada a cabo durante los últimos siete años por un grupo de profesores. Estos profesores enseñan simultáneamente cinco sujetos en el marco del EEES del Grado de Ingeniería de Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto de la Universidad de Zaragoza. La metodología de enseñanza aplicada incluye garantía de calidad de la enseñanza y el sistema de aprendizaje basado en la serie de indicadores que se han definido y mejorado con los años. Este documento refleja los resultados del trabajo del módulo durante el último año académico 2015-2016, durante el cual el seguimiento del trabajo en grupo se ha implementado con base en la satisfacción de los registros de las reuniones del grupo. En estas reuniones registra los estudiantes han reflejado la evolución de su trabajo y los acuerdos tomados, siendo supervisado regularmente por los profesores. Como resultado de esta acción, una mejora sustancial se ha logrado en el funcionamiento de los grupos de trabajo que, debido a sus circunstancias particulares, podrían ser problemáticos, permitiendo que el equipo docente un mayor control de los conflictos internos. Además, el sistema también sirve un segundo objetivo: fomentar el liderazgo en el grupo al premiar la calificación final individual de comportamiento proactivo y castigar comportamientos deshonestos entre pares.
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Kearfott, Ralph Baker. "An overview of the upcoming IEEE P-1788 working group document: Standard for interval arithmetic." In 2013 Joint IFSA World Congress and NAFIPS Annual Meeting (IFSA/NAFIPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifsa-nafips.2013.6608444.
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Griesbach, Timothy J., Robert E. Nickell, H. T. Tang, and Jeff D. Gilreath. "Aging Management Strategies for Pressurized Water Reactor Vessel Internals." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3055.
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Management of materials aging effects, such as loss of material, reduction in fracture toughness, or cracking, depends upon the demonstrated capability to detect, evaluate, and potentially correct conditions that could affect function of the internals during the license renewal term. License renewal applicants in their submittals to NRC have identified the general elements of aging management programs for Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) internals, including the use of inservice inspection and monitoring with the possibility of enhancement or augmentation if a relevant condition is discovered. As plants near the license renewal term, plant-specific aging management programs will be implemented focusing on those regions most susceptible to aging degradation. A framework for the implementation of an aging management program is proposed in this paper. This proposed framework is based on current available research results and state of knowledge and utilizes inspections and flaw tolerance evaluations to manage the degradation issues. The important elements of this framework include: • The screening of components for susceptibility to the aging mechanisms, • Performing functionality analyses of the components with representative material toughness properties under PWR conditions, • Evaluating flaw tolerance of lead components or regions of greatest susceptibility to cracking, loss of toughness, or swelling, and • Using focused inspections to demonstrate no loss of integrity in the lead components or regions of the vessel internals. The EPRI Material Reliability Program (MRP) Reactor Internals Issue Task Group (RI-ITG) is actively working to develop the data and methods to quantify an understanding of aging and potential degradation of reactor vessel internals, to develop materials/components performance criteria, and to provide utilities tools for extending plant operations. Under this MRP Program, the technical basis for the framework will be documented. Then, based on that technical basis, PWR internals inspection and flaw evaluation guidelines will be developed for plants to manage reactor internals aging and associated potential degradation.
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Zhang, Yubo, and Yu Sun. "A Data-Driven Real-Time Analytical Framework with Improved Granularity using Machine Learning and Big Data Analysis." In 3rd International Conference on Data Mining and Machine Learning (DMML 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.120705.
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During daily studying and working, people have to research massive amounts of information on the internet and download numerous files. Some of these files can be easily categorized to relevant files. However, there are always some files left unorganized due to their difficulty in categorization [1]. Such files pile up in the download folder as time passes, making the folder extremely messy. Many people do not have the motive to clean up the folder as it requires a lot of energy and time. Based on this common problem, my group developed an app that can clean the messy folder up. After applying our program which is based on machine learning, the files will firstly be divided into five general parts – document, video, music, photos and package. Then the files will be further categorized based on the contents they present. For example, photos are divided into animals, families and so on. In order to achieve the content-categorizing function, several powerful apis were introduced in our program, and they helped us to achieve the optimal results.
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Uzun Kocamış, Tuğçe, and H. Muhammet Kekeç. "The Impact of Electronic Taxation on Tax Auditing: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01911.
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The advances in information and information technology provide companies with both speed and optimal benefit by using the internet intensively for every stage of their commercial activities and for all kinds of transactions. In order to reduce tax losses, it is necessary to utilize information technologies to develop new audit methods and techniques and to follow new practices in the world. It has become compulsory for public institutions to keep pace with the evolving information technology and to form the necessary information infrastructure.
E-applications prevent tax evasion and ensure tax incomes of countries not only to increase the quality of public service but also increase the taxpayer's transaction speed. With the transfer of taxpayers to electronic book and electronic document in order to conduct an effective tax audit and to obtain tax revenue studies on the establishment of a structure that is effective, fast working and using computer technologies well in the struggle with the informal economy are carried out by the tax administration.
In our work, electronic tax applications and tax audit in Turkey are explained under general headings and the process of transition to electronic tax audit is taken as basis on the basis of applications in the world. As a result, the contribution of computer and internet technology to the effectiveness of tax audit is an unquestionable reality.
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Dogan, B., U. Ceyhan, K. Nikbin, and D. Dean. "Standardisation of High Temperature Crack Growth Testing of Weldments." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93856.
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A European collaborative effort has been made to produce a Code of Practice (CoP), with participation from the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS) TC11-Working Group on High Temperature Testing of Weldments (WG on HTTW) and EC project CRETE. The prepared CoP is based on the authors’ and project partners’ long years of experience in the subject field of high temperature testing, deformation studies and crack growth on various materials studied in internal, European and international projects. The code is being processed for ISO standardization by the International Institute of Welding (IIW), Select Committee Standardization (SC STAND). Guidelines are established for material and specimen selection. The document aims at giving advice on testing, measurements and analysis of creep crack initiation and growth data for a range of creep brittle to creep ductile materials. It may be used for material selection criteria and inspection requirements for damage tolerant applications. In quantitative terms, it can be used to assess the individual and combined effects of metallurgical, fabrication, operating temperature, and loading conditions on welded components for high temperature service. The present paper reports on the standardisation of high temperature crack initiation and crack growth testing in weldments. The material behaviour in service, including significance of creep and loading, substantiates the testing and data analyses procedure for design as well as fitness-for-purpose assessment.
Reports on the topic "Internal working documents"
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AlSheikhTheeb, Thaer, AynurGul Sahin, Salma Abdelrahman, Rachel Chuang, Friedrich Affolter, Bayan Al Mekdad, Rani Sabboura, and Yazeed Shequem. Online Examinations in Emergency Contexts: Can Proctoring and Other Technologies Be Feasible Alternatives for Facilitating Inclusive School Exams for All in Emergency Contexts? EdTech Hub, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0123.
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The purpose of this document is to serve as a guide that education practitioners working in emergency contexts can use to assess the feasibility of implementing online examinations and using proctoring technologies. The implementation of online high-stakes examinations in Syria and other emergency contexts will require significant investments in achieving the prerequisites needed for feasibility and credibility. Prerequisites include electricity, internet, and devices, as well as the development of the digital skills necessary for students to participate in online exams and for teachers and administrators to facilitate online exams. Further efforts are needed to prevent leakage of information on exam questions and content, and promote cultural change around online examinations. Key words: online examinations; proctoring technologies; emergency contexts; Syria An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
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Tweet, Justin, Holley Flora, Summer Weeks, Eathan McIntyre, and Vincent Santucci. Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289972.
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Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (PARA) in northwestern Arizona has significant paleontological resources, which are recognized in the establishing presidential proclamation. Because of the challenges of working in this remote area, there has been little documentation of these resources over the years. PARA also has an unusual management situation which complicates resource management. The majority of PARA is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM; this land is described here as PARA-BLM), while about 20% of the monument is administered by the National Park Service (NPS; this land is described here as PARA-NPS) in conjunction with Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE). Parcels of state and private land are scattered throughout the monument. Reports of fossils within what is now PARA go back to at least 1914. Geologic and paleontologic reports have been sporadic over the past century. Much of what was known of the paleontology before the 2020 field inventory was documented by geologists focused on nearby Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) and LAKE, or by students working on graduate projects; in either case, paleontology was a secondary topic of interest. The historical record of fossil discoveries in PARA is dominated by Edwin McKee, who reported fossils from localities in PARA-NPS and PARA-BLM as part of larger regional projects published from the 1930s to the 1980s. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has mapped the geology of PARA in a series of publications since the early 1980s. Unpublished reports by researchers from regional institutions have documented paleontological resources in Quaternary caves and rock shelters. From September to December 2020, a field inventory was conducted to better understand the scope and distribution of paleontological resources at PARA. Thirty-eight localities distributed across the monument and throughout its numerous geologic units were documented extensively, including more than 420 GPS points and 1,300 photos, and a small number of fossil specimens were collected and catalogued under 38 numbers. In addition, interviews were conducted with staff to document the status of paleontology at PARA, and potential directions for future management, research, protection, and interpretation. In geologic terms, PARA is located on the boundary of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range provinces. Before the uplift of the Colorado Plateau near the end of the Cretaceous 66 million years ago, this area was much lower in elevation and subject to flooding by shallow continental seas. This led to prolonged episodes of marine deposition as well as complex stratigraphic intervals of alternating terrestrial and marine strata. Most of the rock formations that are exposed in the monument belong to the Paleozoic part of the Grand Canyon section, deposited between approximately 510 and 270 million years ago in mostly shallow marine settings. These rocks have abundant fossils of marine invertebrates such as sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, crinoids, and echinoids. The Cambrian–Devonian portion of the Grand Canyon Paleozoic section is represented in only a few areas of PARA. The bulk of the Paleozoic rocks at PARA are Mississippian to Permian in age, approximately 360 to 270 million years old, and belong to the Redwall Limestone through the Kaibab Formation. While the Grand Canyon section has only small remnants of younger Mesozoic rocks, several Mesozoic formations are exposed within PARA, mostly ranging in age from the Early Triassic to the Early Jurassic (approximately 252 to 175 million years ago), as well as some middle Cretaceous rocks deposited approximately 100 million years ago. Mesozoic fossils in PARA include marine fossils in the Moenkopi Formation and petrified wood and invertebrate trace fossils in the Chinle Formation and undivided Moenave and Kayenta Formations.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. Equality Denied: Tech and African Americans. Institute for New Economic Thinking, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp177.
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Thus far in reporting the findings of our project “Fifty Years After: Black Employment in the United States Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,” our analysis of what has happened to African American employment over the past half century has documented the importance of manufacturing employment to the upward socioeconomic mobility of Blacks in the 1960s and 1970s and the devastating impact of rationalization—the permanent elimination of blue-collar employment—on their socioeconomic mobility in the 1980s and beyond. The upward mobility of Blacks in the earlier decades was based on the Old Economy business model (OEBM) with its characteristic “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) employment relations. At its launching in 1965, the policy approach of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission assumed the existence of CWOC, providing corporate employees, Blacks included, with a potential path for upward socioeconomic mobility over the course of their working lives by gaining access to productive opportunities and higher pay through stable employment within companies. It was through these internal employment structures that Blacks could potentially overcome barriers to the long legacy of job and pay discrimination. In the 1960s and 1970s, the generally growing availability of unionized semiskilled jobs gave working people, including Blacks, the large measure of employment stability as well as rising wages and benefits characteristic of the lower levels of the middle class. The next stage in this process of upward socioeconomic mobility should have been—and in a nation as prosperous as the United States could have been—the entry of the offspring of the new Black blue-collar middle class into white-collar occupations requiring higher educations. Despite progress in the attainment of college degrees, however, Blacks have had very limited access to the best employment opportunities as professional, technical, and administrative personnel at U.S. technology companies. Since the 1980s, the barriers to African American upward socioeconomic mobility have occurred within the context of the marketization (the end of CWOC) and globalization (accessibility to transnational labor supplies) of high-tech employment relations in the United States. These new employment relations, which stress interfirm labor mobility instead of intrafirm employment structures in the building of careers, are characteristic of the rise of the New Economy business model (NEBM), as scrutinized in William Lazonick’s 2009 book, Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy? Business Organization and High-Tech Employment in the United States (Upjohn Institute). In this paper, we analyze the exclusion of Blacks from STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) occupations, using EEO-1 employment data made public, voluntarily and exceptionally, for various years between 2014 and 2020 by major tech companies, including Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Facebook (now Meta), Hewlett Packard Enterprise, HP Inc., Intel, Microsoft, PayPal, Salesforce, and Uber. These data document the vast over-representation of Asian Americans and vast under-representation of African Americans at these tech companies in recent years. The data also shine a light on the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of large masses of lower-paid labor in the United States at leading U.S. tech companies, including tens of thousands of sales workers at Apple and hundreds of thousands of laborers & helpers at Amazon. In the cases of Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Intel, we have access to EEO-1 data from earlier decades that permit in-depth accounts of the employment transitions that characterized the demise of OEBM and the rise of NEBM. Given our findings from the EEO-1 data analysis, our paper then seeks to explain the enormous presence of Asian Americans and the glaring absence of African Americans in well-paid employment under NEBM. A cogent answer to this question requires an understanding of the institutional conditions that have determined the availability of qualified Asians and Blacks to fill these employment opportunities as well as the access of qualified people by race, ethnicity, and gender to the employment opportunities that are available. Our analysis of the racial/ethnic determinants of STEM employment focuses on a) stark differences among racial and ethnic groups in educational attainment and performance relevant to accessing STEM occupations, b) the decline in the implementation of affirmative-action legislation from the early 1980s, c) changes in U.S. immigration policy that favored the entry of well-educated Asians, especially with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1990, and d) consequent social barriers that qualified Blacks have faced relative to Asians and whites in accessing tech employment as a result of a combination of statistical discrimination against African Americans and their exclusion from effective social networks.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
Full textAbstract:
Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
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Learning About Women and Urban Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Population Council, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1986.1000.
Full textAbstract:
In 1978 when the Population Council formulated a program to learn more about low-income urban women’s access to services, the dearth of information was striking, particularly in contrast to the emerging body of information delineating access to credit, extension, membership in rural institutions, and representation in local governments. Access to services was much less well-defined owing to the diverse cultures that meet in the urban environment, the mobility of city life, and the fluidity of households. Urban development planners, researchers, and those involved in community action projects in a number of South American cities were approached to find out what they knew, and there was much interest on the part of urban planners in learning how their programs affected men and women differentially. The interest of these diverse groups called for a long-term approach. Three working groups on Women, Low-Income Households, and Urban Services evolved in Kingston, Jamaica; Lima, Peru; and Mexico City, Mexico. Much detail is provided in this volume on how these groups function and arrive at their priorities. Rather than confining this report to a lengthy internal document, this work was brought to the attention of a broader audience through summary articles.
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Quality Assurance in HECA Colleges During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Analysis through the lens of QQI’s Core Criteria. Higher Education College's Assocation (HECA), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22375/hqf.tos22.
Full textAbstract:
The National Forum’s 2020 Network and Discipline Fund was launched in November 2020 and focuses on Shared Solutions to Common Challenges. Its overarching aim is to support networks and discipline groups to work together to respond proactively to identified challenges in teaching and learning in higher education, including those that have come to light through the sudden move to online/remote teaching and learning. The National Forum’s 2020 Network and Discipline Fund, drawing on the Higher Education Colleges’ Association (HECA) members’ experience, provided the HECA Academic Quality Enhancement Forum(HAQEF) with opportunities to strengthen its networks and discipline group, support their efforts to enhance teaching and learning, and produce useful insights and resources into the application of quality assurance of blended and online learning. In the pandemic period, many colleges were forced to change from a face-to-face delivery model of education and training to an online format of delivery. This disruption meant that assumptions about and plans for how the courses were to be delivered and managed had to be rapidly reviewed. With government pronouncements advising all staff to work from home where possible, the majority of internal roles and processes of colleges were also affected. The quality assurance (QA) policies, processes and procedures that were developed by colleges had to be modified to reflect this change in circumstances. This document reports on the results of a mixed methods study of QA developments that came about as a result of the initial changes enforced by the pandemic and the move to working from home. It also looked at what was learned about the management of quality in this sector during this time. Data was collected by HAQEF via a survey of QA personnel from the member colleges of HECA and follow up interviews. The survey consisted of 11 questions, one for each Core Area of Quality, as set out in the QQI Core QA Guidelines (2016). The questions asked for reflections on each provider’s experience of managing this aspect of QA, what resources or instances of good practice they could share with practitioners and which stakeholders were involved in this adaptation. The interviews asked about the measures that were undertaken to adapt QA processes in the pandemic period and what challenges could be reported from this adaptation. The report is divided into 11 chapters, with each chapter centred on a discussion of one Core Area of Quality as set out in the QQI Core QA Guidelines. An overview of the core area is developed, followed by a commentary on common experiences of the group in this area. Most sections conclude with resources, volunteered by member colleges of HECA, that was rated as useful in how the cohort navigated the management of QA in this core area.