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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal Short Circuit'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Yang, Sheng, Wenwei Wang, Cheng Lin, Weixiang Shen, and Yiding Li. "Investigation of Internal Short Circuits of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Mechanical Abusive Conditions." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101885.

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Current studies on the mechanical abuse of lithium-ion batteries usually focus on the mechanical damage process of batteries inside a jelly roll. In contrast, this paper investigates the internal short circuits inside batteries. Experimental results of voltage and temperature responses of lithium-ion batteries showed that battery internal short circuits evolve from a soft internal short circuit to a hard internal short circuit, as battery deformation continues. We utilized an improved coupled electrochemical-electric-thermal model to further analyze the battery thermal responses under different conditions of internal short circuit. Experimental and simulation results indicated that the state of charge of Li-ion batteries is a critical factor in determining the intensities of the soft short-circuit response and hard short-circuit response, especially when the resistance of the internal short circuit decreases to a substantially low level. Simulation results further revealed that the material properties of the short circuit object have a significant impact on the thermal responses and that an appropriate increase in the adhesion strength between the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode can improve battery safety under mechanical abusive conditions.

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2

Zhang, Mingxuan, Minggao Ouyang, Languang Lu, Xiangming He, Xuning Feng, Lishuo Liu, and Xiaoyi Xie. "Battery Internal Short Circuit Detection." ECS Transactions 77, no. 11 (July 7, 2017): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07711.0217ecst.

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3

Reichl, T., and P. Hrzina. "Capacity detection of internal short circuit." Journal of Energy Storage 15 (February 2018): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.12.006.

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4

Debany, Warren H. "Coverage of Node Shorts Using Internal Access and Equivalence Classes." VLSI Design 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/42309.

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A method is presented that determines the coverage of shorts (bridging failures) in digital logic circuits by internal access test techniques. These are test techniques that provide observability of circuit nodes, such as CMOS power supply current monitoring (including IDDQ), CrossCheck, and voltage contrast. Only fault-free circuit simulation is used to obtain node states. Two versions of the algorithm are presented: a simple algorithm that is suitable for use with two-state logic (0 and 1), and a more general algorithm for four-state logic (0, 1, X, and Z). The result is a set of sets of nodes, where a list of all potential shorts that could exist in the circuit yet be undetected after testing is obtained easily from the power sets of these sets; unlike other approaches the full universe of potential shorts is not generated. Experiments show that short, randomly generated sequences of test vectors detect essentially all detectable shorts of multiplicity 2 for both combinational and sequential circuits.

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5

Maleki, Hossein, and Jason N. Howard. "Internal short circuit in Li-ion cells." Journal of Power Sources 191, no. 2 (June 2009): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.02.070.

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6

Sun, Cheng, Min Ju Ding, Yong Feng Zhang, Xun Tan, Peng Wang, Wei Wu, and Yi Zeng. "Identification of Electrical Fire Melted Marks of Copper Wires by Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.281.

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A variety of electrical apparatus used in daily life can cause fires because of internal or external factors. During cause identification of an electrical fire, the first short circuit melted marks of copper wire have been considered highly important because they are direct proofs. Additionally, overloaded short circuit caused by the overload of current due to excessive electrical usage can give rise to an electrical fire. Despite extensive research on the first short circuit in fire scenes, the overloaded short circuit remains difficult to be distinguished because of the limitation of commonly used testing methods. Conventional metallographic method is intuitionistic and simple, but may not provide detailed data of crystals such as misorientation of grains. Here a new method (electron backscattered diffraction, EBSD) is applied for identification of the first and overloaded short-circuited melted marks of copper wires in electrical fire scenes. Results show obvious morphological distinctions in melted marks of copper wires between the first and overloaded short circuits. Qualitative and Quantitative differences obtained from the contrast of the above two short circuit situations may assist for cause identification of electrical fires in the future.

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7

Liu, Binghe, Xudong Duan, Chunhao Yuan, Lubing Wang, Jiani Li, Donal P. Finegan, Bill Feng, and Jun Xu. "Quantifying and modeling of stress-driven short-circuits in lithium-ion batteries in electrified vehicles." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 11 (2021): 7102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta12082k.

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8

Reichl, Tomáš, and Pavel Hrzina. "Capacity Detection of Internal Short Circuit for Charge." ECS Transactions 81, no. 1 (December 4, 2017): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/08101.0209ecst.

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9

Liu, Xinyu, Zhifu Zhou, Weitao Wu, Linsong Gao, Yang Li, Heng Huang, Zheng Huang, Yubai Li, and Yongchen Song. "Three-Dimensional Modeling for the Internal Shorting Caused Thermal Runaway Process in 20Ah Lithium-Ion Battery." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 6868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196868.

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Better understanding of how internal short circuit causes thermal runaway will benefit the engineering for safer lithium-ion batteries. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of a 20Ah lithium battery under internal shorting condition are performed. The effects of internal short circuit area, resistance, penetration depth, convective heat transfer coefficient and internal short circuit position, on the thermal runaway are investigated with the simulations in this work. This study demonstrates that the average cell temperature is only weakly affected by the internal short circuit area, penetration depth, and position. On the other hand, the internal short circuit resistance and the convective heat transfer coefficient have large impacts on the thermal runaway propagation in the lithium-ion battery. A high convective heat transfer coefficient can effectively suppress the thermal runaway propagation. However, such a high convective heat transfer coefficient is hard to achieve at the cell surface.

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10

Zhang, MingXuan, JiuYu Du, LiShuo Liu, Jason Siegel, LanGuang Lu, XiangMing He, and MingGao Ouyang. "Internal short circuit detection method for battery pack based on circuit topology." Science China Technological Sciences 61, no. 10 (September 5, 2018): 1502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9299-3.

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11

Al-Ameri, Salem Mgammal, Ahmed Allawy Alawady, Mohd Fairouz Mohd Yousof, Muhammad Saufi Kamarudin, Ali Ahmed Salem, Ahmed Abu-Siada, and Mohamed I. Mosaad. "Application of Frequency Response Analysis Method to Detect Short-Circuit Faults in Three-Phase Induction Motors." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042046.

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The industry has widely accepted Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) as a reliable method to detect power transformers mechanical deformations. While the FRA technique has been recommended in recent literature as a potential diagnostic method to detect internal faults within rotating machines, detailed feasibility studies have not been fully addressed yet. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the FRA technique to detect several short circuit faults in the stator winding of three-phase induction motors (TPIMs). In this regard, FRA testing is conducted on two sets of induction motors with various short circuit faults. Investigated faults include short circuits between two phases, short circuit turns within the same phase, phase-to-ground, and phase-to-neutral short circuit. The measured FRA signatures are divided into three frequency ranges: low, medium, and high. Several statistical indicators are employed to quantify the variation between faulty and healthy signatures in each frequency range. Experimental results attest the feasibility of the FRA technique as a diagnostic tool to detect internal faults in rotating machines, such as induction motors.

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12

Radko, I., V. Nalivayko, O. Okushko, and I. Bolbot. "Investigation of dependences of selectivity of devices of protection against the value of short circuit currents in electrical networks up to 1000 V." Energy and automation, no. 3(55) (June 23, 2021): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2021.03.098.

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According to PUE-2017, each group line must be protected against short circuits. Instant disconnection (cut-off) of the line in the event of short circuits provides an electromagnetic release of the circuit breaker. Reliable tripping is possible if the current of a single-phase short circuit is greater than the instantaneous tripping current. Today on the market are widely available circuit breakers with characteristics "B", "C" and "D", which are characterized by different multiplicities of the cut-off current of the electromagnetic release. Some European companies produce circuit breakers with other characteristics, which greatly expands the possibilities protection of electrical equipment. The difficulty in organizing the selectivity of protection is that the circuit breakers of modular design when switching off short circuits are characterized by the same switching time (not more than 0.05 s). The purpose of the research is to find ways to organize the selectivity of protection in electrical networks with voltage up to 1000 V using reliable values of short-circuit currents. In networks with a voltage of up to 1000 V, the current of a single-phase short circuit can be calculated fairly accurately if the exact values of all sections of the electrical network are known. In practice, it is not always possible to obtain reliable data on the numerical characteristics of the 0.4 kV network to which a new energy facility is connected. Therefore, it is proposed to consider part of the network as an active quadrupole, the characteristics of which are obtained by measurements at the point of connection. For further calculations it is necessary to know the voltage at the clamps of the four-pole scheme and the internal impedance. Based on the theory of four-pole scheme, you can get the original data for calculations without calculating the internal parameters of four-poles scheme. Thus, it is proposed to use a hybrid method for estimating the magnitude of probable short-circuit currents in electrical networks up to 1000 V when designing new energy facilities. Credible values of short-circuit currents will allow to organize selective protection of electric networks.

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13

Galeeva, R. U., A. V. Nazarov, and A. A. Khasanshin. "THE EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING BETWEEN WIRES DOUBLE- CIRCUIT OVERHEAD LINE AND THE GROUND ON TRANSIENTS." Proceedings of the higher educational institutions. ENERGY SECTOR PROBLEMS 21, no. 1-2 (April 11, 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-1-2-67-76.

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Abstract. A method is proposed for calculating the initial value of the periodic term of the short- circuit strength of a dual-circuit overhead transmission line using multiphase replacement circuits. The method takes into account the electromagnetic connections between the wires of the dual-circuit overhead line and the ground to transient modes. The calculation model will allow to take into account the influence of the internal properties of the dual-circuit overhead line when calculating the three-phase short-circuit currents at the design stage, which will significantly improve the accuracy of the choice of relay protection settings and line automation. The model was tested in Matlab Simulink.

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14

Litvinov, Ilya, Aleksandra Naumova, Vasiliy Titov, Andrey Trofimov, and Elena Gracheva. "The study of power transformer differential protection’s operation in the internal fault conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801096.

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Special attention is paid to high-speed relay protections’ operation in transient modes due to a number of major failure events that have occurred over the past 10 years in the power system of the Russian Federation. Operation of power transformer’s differential protection in case of internal short circuit is studied in this research. False blocking of protection is possible in such mode due to saturation of current transformers. A value of blocking time may exceed the maximum permissible short-circuit disconnection time under conditions of maintaining the dynamic stability of the power system. Primary and secondary currents in transient modes are obtained by simulation of short circuits. Windings of the modeled current transformers are connected in a star to a null wire. RMS values are calculated using a mathematical model of the Fourier filter. The current transformers were checked according to the methods declared in PNST 283-2018 and GOST R 58669-2019. The analysis carried out in this work allows to estimate possibility of long-term blocking of the differential protection of a power transformer in case of internal short circuit, especially in case of significant value of time constants.

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15

Elgina, Galina, Evgeny Ivoylov, and S. М. Slobodyan. "Physical Modeling of Induction Internal Fault." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.46.

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Features analysis of propagation for harmonic probing signal having spiral topology of ax symmetric conducting inductive structure is conducted. The structure has violations in the form of short circuit of adjacent coil’s turns. Visualization of the results obtained is represented involving Parawey fan to spatially display phase distortions during the propagation of probing harmonic signal having ax symmetric vortex structure with violation in the form of the short circuit of coil topology.

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16

Zhang, Mingxuan, Lishuo Liu, Anna Stefanopoulou, Janson Siegel, Languang Lu, Xiangming He, and Minggao Ouyang. "Fusing Phenomenon of Lithium-Ion Battery Internal Short Circuit." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164, no. 12 (2017): A2738—A2745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.1721712jes.

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17

Ozgonenel, Okan, David W. P. Thomas, and Christos Christopoulos. "TLM modeling of transformer with internal short circuit faults." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 26, no. 5 (November 13, 2007): 1304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640710823037.

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18

Zhao, Lianqi, Cong Wu, Xinshui Zhang, Yue Zhang, Chao Zhang, Lei Dong, Longxing Su, and Jin Xie. "Integrated Arrays of Micro Resistance Temperature Detectors for Monitoring of the Short-Circuit Point in Lithium Metal Batteries." Batteries 8, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8120264.

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Short-circuit induced thermal runaway is one of the main obstacles that hinder the large-scale commercial applications of lithium metal batteries. The fast and accurate detection of an internal short-circuit is, therefore, a key step for preventing thermal runaway. The traditional temperature detection is mainly to place temperature sensors outside the battery, which is far from the actual hotspot inside the cell and has a lag in response. In this study, we integrated arrays of micro resistance temperature detectors (AMRTDs) inside the pouch cell. AMRTDs can be used for the detection of a short-circuit with a high temporal and spatial resolution. We show that the initial short-circuit may induce a high temperature local hotspot exceeding 300 °C, whereas the nearby area was still maintained at near room temperature. Our work provides a design strategy for in-situ detection of short-circuits in lithium metal batteries.

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19

Li, Jiansheng, Xiaoping Yang, Yiming Wu, and Shengquan Wang. "Pressure changes of nitrogen blanket transformers under internal short circuit faults." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2401, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2401/1/012035.

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Abstract The root cause of the transformer fire is an oil tank crack caused by an internal short circuit fault. The gas layer of the nitrogen blanket transformer helps buffer the pressure change caused by the internal short-circuit fault. Moreover, the pressure change simulation is the basis for the configuration of non-electrical protection. This paper analyzes the relationship between the energy and pressure source of the internal short-circuit fault. Based on finite element simulation, the internal pressure transfer model of the transformer is built, and the pressure of the oil tank is obtained. By comparing with the pressure of conventional transformer, the excellent explosion-proof performance of nitrogen blanket transformer is verified.

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20

Namdari, Farhad, Mohammad Bakhshipour, Behroz Rezaeealam, and Mohammad Sedaghat. "Modeling of Magnetizing Inrush and Internal Faults for Three-Phase Transformers." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v6.i3.pp203-212.

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Among the most noticeable root causes of improper performance in power transformers, internal short circuit faults can be noted and if not quickly be identified and addressed in the accepted time interval, irrecoverable damages such as interruption or even collapse of the network connected to the power transformer would happen. In this contribution, three-phase transformer behaviors under magnetizing inrush, internal short circuit condition and their current values determination have been surveyed using electromagnetic coupling model approach and structural finite element method. Utilizing the definition of transformer in the form of multi-coil and their electromagnetic and electric couple, a three dimensional geometric model of transformer is developed which includes nonlinear characteristics of the transformer, different states of normal and under internal short circuit occurrence and the moment of magnetizing inrush creation are investigated. The comparison between obtained results of presented model simulation with the consequences of practical studies on a typical three phase transformer reveals that the proposed model has a reliable accuracy in detection and modelling the transformer behavior in normal conditions, magnetizing inrush and different types of internal faults. The proposed approach represents an accurate model of a three-phase transformer for protection aims.

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21

Bakhshipour, Mohammad, Farhad Namdari, and Mohammad Sedaghat. "Modeling of Magnetizing Inrush and Internal Faults for Three-phase Transformers." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i1.pp26-37.

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Among the most noticeable root causes of improper performance in power transformers, internal short circuit faults can be noted and if not quickly be identified and addressed in the accepted time interval, irrecoverable damages such as interruption or even collapse of the network connected to the power transformer would happen. In this contribution, three-phase transformer behaviors under magnetizing inrush, internal short circuit condition and their current values determination have been surveyed using electromagnetic coupling model approach and structural finite element method. Utilizing the definition of transformer in the form of multi-coil and their electromagnetic and electric couple, a three dimensional geometric model of transformer is developed which includes nonlinear characteristics of the transformer, different states of normal and under internal short circuit occurrence and the moment of magnetizing inrush creation are investigated. The comparison between obtained results of presented model simulation with the consequences of practical studies on a typical three phase transformer reveals that the proposed model has a reliable accuracy in detection and modelling the transformer behavior in normal conditions, magnetizing inrush and different types of internal faults. The proposed approach represents an accurate model of a three-phase transformer for protection aims.

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22

Isakov, F. "ANALYSIS OF MONI SIS OF MONITORING OF THE A ORING OF THE AT-3 AUTOTRANSFORM TRANSFORMATOR IN T OR IN TashTES MODE." Technical science and innovation 2019, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.18.2.-77-0016.

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The article considers the results of the analysis of autotransformers operation mode monitoring. The time diagram of active load current and oil temperature of autotransformer TashTES AT-3 is established and during one year changes of these variables and basic parameters of autotransformer were observed. Technical faults of the power transformer and high power autotransformer are established and methods of their elimination are determined. Damage of transformers and autotransformers with voltage of 110-500 kV of about 30% of the total number of outages which were accompanied by internal short-circuits and two main causes of damage were determined. The main causes of technological failures, which were not accompanied by internal short-circuits, are as follows: 20% of failures in operation of the onload tap-changer, 16% of oil leaks from the bushings, 13% of oil leaks and lowering of oil from the transformer due to violation of welded joints and rubber seals, 4% of engine damage to oil pumps of the cooling system, 3% of pressure increase in high-voltage hermetic bushings, 2% of film protection shell damage. The main reasons of technological violations accompanied by internal short-circuit in the transformer are as follows: breakdown of internal insulation of highvoltage bushings, insufficient short-circuit resistance, wear and tear of winding insulation, breakdown of insulation.

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23

Liu, Xiang, Dongsheng Ren, Hungjen Hsu, Xuning Feng, Gui-Liang Xu, Minghao Zhuang, Han Gao, et al. "Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries without Internal Short Circuit." Joule 2, no. 10 (October 2018): 2047–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.015.

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24

Santhanagopalan, Shriram, Premanand Ramadass, and John (Zhengming) Zhang. "Analysis of internal short-circuit in a lithium ion cell." Journal of Power Sources 194, no. 1 (October 2009): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.05.002.

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25

Okazaki, S., S. Higuchi, N. Kubota, and S. Takahashi. "Measurement of short circuit current for low internal resistance batteries." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 16, no. 4 (July 1986): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01006846.

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26

Liu, Yue, Ya Mao, Huacui Wang, Yongjun Pan, and Binghe Liu. "Internal short circuit of lithium metal batteries under mechanical abuse." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 245 (May 2023): 108130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108130.

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27

Zhang, Ming, Yi Ming Zhang, and Jiang Tao Tong. "Research on Stator Winding Inter Turn Short-Circuit Faults of Aeronautical Fault-Tolerant Machine Based on Maxwell 2D." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.119.

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Stator winding inter turn short-circuit fault is one of the most common internal faults of fault-tolerant machine, which can disconnect the fault phases and keep operating correctly in the event of a failure. Stator winding short-circuit fault model is established through analysis. Based on finite element method, the high-power density fault-tolerant machine internal magnetic field simulation and analysis is implemented using Maxwell2D and induced voltage frequency spectrum is analyzed by FFT method. The characteristics of stator winding short-circuit faults are summarized, which lay a solid foundation for fault-tolerant machine earlier faults prediction and winding switching.

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28

Okada, Ayako, Wataru Shoin, Morio Shoda, Hiroaki Tabata, Hideki Kobayashi, Takahiro Okano, Koji Yoshie, Ken Kato, and Koichiro Kuwahara. "Defibrillation failure with short ICD charge time: Internal short circuit of a Durata lead." Journal of Cardiology Cases 21, no. 2 (February 2020): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jccase.2019.10.002.

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29

Varetsky, Yuriy, and Michal Gajdzica. "Study of Short Circuit and Inrush Current Impact on the Current-Limiting Reactor Operation in an Industrial Grid." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020811.

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Current-limiting reactors are widely used in industrial electrical grids to reduce the current amplitude in the equipment and stabilize the voltage on the busbar during short circuits. Their application is distinguished by high technical and economic efficiency. However, mechanical damage to the reactors has been observed within extensive industrial grids with many induction motors and internal synchronous generators. The article analyses a case study of the reactor damage in the true industrial grid during a short circuit. An analysis of the damaged reactor’s previous operation had shown that there was a weakening of the fastenings in the reactor design, caused by the repeated starting currents of the grid motors and generators. A study of grid transients during short circuits was carried out by Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation results showed that the reactor could be damaged by a critical peak current in an unfavourable combination of the grid configuration and the short circuit location. The results of the study prove that, for industrial networks containing powerful induction motors and internal synchronous generators, the standardized procedure for selecting current-limiting reactors should additionally consider such factors as the localization in the grid, the effect of equipment-starting currents and possible grid configurations.

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30

SKRYPNYK, S., and A. SHEINA. "Short circuits currents comparison of 6 (10) kV and 20 kV." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 14, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2020-1-21-26.

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Most failures in electrical installations are caused by short circuits (short circuits), which occur as a result of a failure in the electrical strength of the insulation of the conductive parts. A short circuit is an electrical connection of two points of an electric circuit with different values of potential, which is not provided by the design of the device, which interferes with its normal operation. Short circuits may result from a failure of the insulation of the current-carrying elements or the mechanical contact of the non- insulated elements. Also called a short circuit is a condition where the load resistance is less than the internal resistance of the power source. The reasons for such violations are various: aging of insulation, breakages of wires of overhead transmission lines, mechanical damages of isolation of cable lines at ground works, lightning strikes in the transmission line and others. Most often, short-circuits occur through transient resistance, such as through the resistance of an electric arc that occurs at the point of damage to the insulation. Sometimes there are metallic short circuits in which the resistance of the electric arc is very small. The study of short circuits in the power grid is a major step in the design of modern electrical networks. The research is conducted using computer software, first by modeling the system and then simulating errors. A malfunction usually leads to an increase in the current flowing in the lines, and failure to provide reliable protection can result in damage to the power unit. Thus, short-circuit calculations are the primary consideration when designing, upgrading, or expanding a power system. The three-phase short circuit is the least likely. However, in many cases, the three-phase short circuit is associated with the most severe consequences, as it causes the highest power imbalances on the shafts of the generators. The study of transients begins with the mode of three-phase closure due to its relative simplicity in comparison with other types of asymmetry. In most cases, the analysis and calculation of the transient regime of the electrical system involves the preparation of a calculated scheme of substitution, in which the parameters of its elements are determined in named or relative units. The electrical substitution circuitry is used to further study the transients in the power system. The definition of electrical and electromagnetic quantities in relative units is widely used in the theory of electric machines. This is because it significantly simplifies the theoretical calculations and gives the results a generalized view in the practical calculations of currents and residual voltages at the short circuit. By the relative value of any value is understood as its relation to another value of the same name, taken as the base. So, before presenting any quantities in relative units, we need to choose the basic units. In the electrical system with increased voltages, the overall load capacity of the network increases, which in turn makes it possible to supply high-quality electrical energy over a greater distance. In the process of comparing the type of transmission lines, it should be noted that the advantages of the cable transmission line. According to the results of the calculation of short-circuit currents, it can be concluded that in networks with a larger line cross-section and a higher voltage, the short-circuit currents are larger. Thus, during the transition of the electric networks to the higher voltage class of 20 kV, the currents of the KZ increased by 43% compared to the 6 kV electric network. This analysis shows that the importance of reliable power supply in the power supply system for high voltage classes must be high and have equipment to prevent emergencies. In the future, it is planned to develop a systematic calculation of short-circuit currents for a number of transmission lines and to conduct mathematical modeling in the system of applications for the study of transient processes at short circuits.

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31

Zhong, Zhi You, C. Y. Yang, and J. H. Gu. "Study on the Output Characteristics of Organic Photovoltaic Cells." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1314.

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Based on the analysis of the equivalent circuit model of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, the explicit expression of current, short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage was obtained by means of W-function, and the effects of internal resistances and diode quality factor on the output characteristics of OPV cells were studied. The results demonstrate that the series resistance can effect short-circuit current but not open-circuit voltage, and the shunt resistance and diode quality factor can influence open-circuit voltage but short-circuit current unchanged. The decrease in series resistance and the increase in shunt resistance and diode quality factor can enhance the fill factor and energy conversion efficiency of OPV cells. This conclusion is essential in preparing OPV cells and improving device performance.

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32

Lee, Moo-Yeon, Namwon Kim, Jae-Hyeong Seo, and Mahesh Suresh Patil. "Thermal Abuse Behavior of the LIR2450 Micro Coin Cell Battery Having Capacity of 120 mAh with Internal Short Circuit by Penetrating Element." Symmetry 12, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12020246.

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Internal short circuit in lithium-ion battery by penetrating element leads to exothermic behavior due to accumulated heat. In the present study, investigations are conducted on the thermal behavior of the LIR2450 micro coin cell haivng capacity of 120 mAh, with internal short circuit by penetrating element. The experimental coin cell discharge study was conducted and validated with numerical study within ±5.0%. The effect of penetrating element size, location of penetrating element, state of charge, discharge rate, short-circuit resistance, and heat transfer co-efficient on maximum coin cell temperature and heat generation rate are analyzed. The penetrating element diameters of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm are considered. The effect of initial state of charge (SOC) is considered with 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40%. Three locations for penetrating element are considered with the center, the middle of the radius, and on the edge of the coin cell radius. The different discharge rates of 1C, 2C, 3C, and 4C are considered. The higher-penetrating element size of 3.5 mm with location at the center of the coin cell with 100% SOC showed maximum heat generation rate and maximum temperature of the coin cell. In addition, the optimum value of the dimensionless heat generation rate is obtained at dimensionless short-circuit resistance. The study provides comprehensive insights on the thermal behavior of the lithium-ion cell during thermal abuse condition with internal short circuit by penetrating element.

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He, Rufei, Jian Qiao, Yumin Peng, Xianggen Yin, Yikai Wang, Hao Zhang, and Wenhui Wang. "A Rotor Winding Internal Short-Circuit Fault Protection Method for Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Units." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 7783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157783.

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In electrical machinery, the rotor windings’ internal short-circuit faults are addressed by the instantaneous over-current protection of the power electronic excitation device, which has low sensitivity and has difficulty meeting the safety requirements. In this paper, a rotor windings’ internal short-circuit fault protection method is proposed based on the harmonic characteristics of the circulating current between stator branches. The magnetomotive force distribution of the short-circuit coils in the rotor windings is theoretically deduced, and the characteristic frequencies of the circulating current between stator branches are analyzed. On this basis, the protection criterion of the rotor windings’ internal short-circuit fault is constructed by using the harmonic component of the circulating current. Then, an analytic model of the variable-speed pumped storage unit is established based on the multi-loop method, and the finite element method is used to verify the correctness of the proposed modeling method. An actual large variable-speed pumped storage unit is taken as an example, and the possible faults under different slip ratios are simulated. In the simulation results, the stator branch circulation has the obvious characteristic frequency harmonic components, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. It verifies the effectiveness of the proposed protection method. Finally, it is analyzed and verified that the proposed protection has a strong maloperation prevention ability under other kinds of faults.

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Ma, Chunlong. "Calibration analysis of gas relay." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2246, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2246/1/012057.

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Abstract —Gas relay is the main protective element of transformer internal fault, which can sensitively respond to transformer short-circuit fault, core fault, internal turn to turn short-circuit of winding, insulation deterioration and oil level drop. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly compare and verify the gas relay. This paper briefly introduces the operation principle and calibration method of gas relay, analyzes in detail the reason why there is no specific standard for the calibration of gas relay setting value, and analyzes the factors affecting the flow rate setting value.

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Mizutani, Takao, Kenjiro Kimura, Yutaro Nishimura, Hideaki Okada, Takamasa Sato, Seiju Matsuda, Akari Inagaki, Shogo Suzuki, Yuki Mima, and Noriaki Kimura. "Development of Subsurface Magnetic Field Imaging System for Visualizing Electric Current Distribution inside Electronic Components and Storage Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012243mtgabs.

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Recently, miniaturization and three-dimensional integration for improving the performance of electric devices have been accelerated, and smaller storage batteries with higher energy density and shrinked electric components have been more required. Therefore, failure analysis technologies targeted for these cutting-edged devices should be developed for increasing production yields and reducing product accidents. In mass production processes, pre-shipment inspections are performed on the core parts of electronic devices. In the case of electronic parts, energization check is adopted, and in the case of storage batteries, voltage drop, that is called to be an aging test, is checked. However, many cases have been reported in which products, that have passed the inspection, cause accidents. One of the typical causes of failures related about electronic components is internal electric-short caused by foreign matters mixed into the insulation or whiskers accidentally generated from the electrodes and wiring. Similarly, storage batteries also accidentally have internal short circuits due to foreign matter contaminations and dendrite formation at the electrodes. The internal short-circuited points of electronic components and storage batteries are identified by X-ray imaging method. However, it is difficult to acquire the contrast due to the lack of the dynamic range required for visualization of short-circuited parts because the wirings and insulation areas between electrodes have been significantly miniaturized. In addition, short circuits between wirings on the surface of electronic circuit boards have been visualized by thermography, although it is difficult to apply electronic components with multi-layered electrodes. Then we have focused on the relationship between the electric current distribution inside the devices and the magnetic field generated from it and spread toward outside, we have succeeded in deriving the analysis solution of the inverse problem for the first time. Combining this novel theory and a highly-sensitive magnetic field detection based on quantum effect, we have developed a subsurface electric current imaging system capable of detecting electric short-circuited points in the deep region. In this study, we discuss about the details of the theory about the analytical solution of the inverse problem and the visualization system, and show some results of failure analysis for actual electronic components and storage batteries. [1] Yuki Mima, Noriaki Oyabu, Takeshi Inao, Noriaki Kimura, Kenjiro Kimura, “Failure analysis of electric circuit board by high resolution magnetic field microscopy” Proceedings of IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan, pp.257-260, 2013. [2] Kenjiro Kimura, Yuki Mima, Noriaki Kimura, “Local electric current reconstruction theory for nondestructive inspection inside battery cell using magnetic field measurement”, Subsurface Imaging Science & Technology, 1, 1, pp.1-16, 2017. [3] Shogo Suzuki, Hideaki Okada, Kai Yabumoto, Seiju Matsuda, Yuki Mima, Noriaki Kimura, and Kenjiro Kimura, “Non-destructive visualization of short circuits in lithium-ion batteries by a magnetic field imaging system”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 60, No 5, pp.056502-1-4, 2021.

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KAPPES, Alexander D., and Konstantin I. APROSIN. "Studying the Processes Triggered in Synchronous Generators by Internal Short Circuit Faults." Elektrichestvo 9, no. 9 (2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2020-9-45-53.

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Hu, Jian, Zhongbao Wei, and Hongwen He. "An Online Adaptive Internal Short Circuit Detection Method of Lithium-Ion Battery." Automotive Innovation 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42154-020-00127-9.

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38

Tsurugi, Takuo, Junjiroh Koyama, Kazuhisa Kodama, Hiroshi Nakajima, Tomohiro Sakamoto, and Ken Okumura. "Defibrillation failure with an electrical short circuit caused by internal insulation breach." HeartRhythm Case Reports 7, no. 7 (July 2021): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrcr.2021.04.009.

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39

Kim, Jinyong, Anudeep Mallarapu, and Shriram Santhanagopalan. "Transport Processes in a Li-ion Cell during an Internal Short-Circuit." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 9 (June 16, 2020): 090554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab995d.

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40

Yuan, Chunhao, Lubing Wang, Sha Yin, and Jun Xu. "Generalized separator failure criteria for internal short circuit of lithium-ion battery." Journal of Power Sources 467 (August 2020): 228360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228360.

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41

Lai, Xin, Yuejiu Zheng, Long Zhou, and Wenkai Gao. "Electrical behavior of overdischarge-induced internal short circuit in lithium-ion cells." Electrochimica Acta 278 (July 2018): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.048.

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42

Feng, Xuning, Caihao Weng, Minggao Ouyang, and Jing Sun. "Online internal short circuit detection for a large format lithium ion battery." Applied Energy 161 (January 2016): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.019.

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Aguirre, Luis A., and Leonardo A. B. Tôrres. "Fixed Point Stability Analysis of Chua's Circuit: A Case Study with a Real Circuit." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 07, no. 02 (April 1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126697000085.

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This short paper discusses the effect of the internal resistance of the inductor in Chua's circuit which is often neglected by many even when actual implementation is intended. Using a fixed point stability analysis it is shown that varying the inductor resistance it is possible to suppress or allow chaotic oscillations. The results reported in this paper have clear consequences for the control of Chua's circuit.

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Sussillo, David, Taro Toyoizumi, and Wolfgang Maass. "Self-Tuning of Neural Circuits Through Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 6 (June 2007): 4079–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01357.2006.

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Numerous experimental data show that cortical networks of neurons are not silent in the absence of external inputs, but rather maintain a low spontaneous firing activity. This aspect of cortical networks is likely to be important for their computational function, but is hard to reproduce in models of cortical circuits of neurons because the low-activity regime is inherently unstable. Here we show—through theoretical analysis and extensive computer simulations—that short-term synaptic plasticity endows models of cortical circuits with a remarkable stability in the low-activity regime. This short-term plasticity works as a homeostatic mechanism that stabilizes the overall activity level in spite of drastic changes in external inputs and internal circuit properties, while preserving reliable transient responses to signals. The contribution of synaptic dynamics to this stability can be predicted on the basis of general principles from control theory.

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Wang, Meng, Yang Shi, Daniel J. Noelle, Anh V. Le, Hyojung Yoon, Hyeseung Chung, Minghao Zhang, Ying Shirley Meng, and Yu Qiao. "Internal short circuit mitigation of high-voltage lithium-ion batteries with functional current collectors." RSC Adv. 7, no. 72 (2017): 45662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra08277k.

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Wang, Zhen Po, Sheng Jie Shi, Yue Wang, and Xiao Hui Sun. "The Simulation Analysis on Side Collision Safety of Electric Buses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 1130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1130.

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With energy and environmental issues outstanding, electric vehicles have got much room for developments, which also brings a lot of security risks different from the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle such as the electrolyte spillage; toxic fumes; electric shock and so on. This paper simulates the progress of a electric bus side collision with LS-DYNA, and analyzes its security mainly from aspects of the electrical injury and electrochemical injury: internal short-circuit occurs in battery monomer, external short-circuit outside the battery pack occurs or even cause a fire, BMS, fast fuse and other electronic components with too large deformation in a collision will lose its ability of monitoring external short-circuit of battery pack. Meanwhile, we analyze reasons for the three phenomena above and propose measures for improvement, fix methods and structure of the weak components in collision zone have been improved. Then this paper verifies vehicle security after improvement reducing the electrical injury and electrochemical injury the vehicle on passengers.

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Basha, A. M., and J. Jayachandran. "Recursive Constrained Algorithms for Short Circuit and Earth Fault Protection of Generator-Transformer Unit." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 32, no. 1 (January 1995): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099503200109.

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Recursive constrained algorithms for short circuit and earth fault protection of generator/transformer unit Recursive constrained protective relaying algorithms are developed for extracting 50 Hz and 150 Hz components of voltage and current signals of the generator-transformer unit. These frequency components are used for detecting internal short circuit and earth fault conditions of the combined unit. The proposed algorithms were satisfactorily tested for various simulated conditions of the system.

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Xu, JiYang, Jian Ma, Xuan Zhao, Hao Chen, Bin Xu, and XueQin Wu. "Detection Technology for Battery Safety in Electric Vehicles: A Review." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 4636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184636.

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The safety of electric vehicles (EVs) has aroused widespread concern and attention. As the core component of an EV, the power battery directly affects the performance and safety. In order to improve the safety of power batteries, the internal failure mechanism and behavior characteristics of internal short circuit (ISC) and thermal runaway (TR) in extreme cases need to be tested and studied. The safety of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has become a research hotspot for many scholars. With unreasonable misuse or abuse of lithium ion batteries, it is easy to cause internal short circuits, resulting in thermal runaway, which poses a great threat to the safety of the whole vehicle. This comprehensive review aims to describe the research progress of safety testing methods and technologies of lithium ion batteries under conditions of mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse, and presents existing problems and future research directions.

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Azhari Zakri, Azriyenni, Mohd Wazir Mustafa, Hari Firdaus, and Ibim Sofimieari. "ASSESS THE RISK LEVEL OF POWER TRANSFORMER DUE SHORT-CIRCUIT FAULTS BASED ON ANFIS." SINERGI 23, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2019.2.002.

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A power transformer is an electrical machine that converts electrical power at different voltage levels. Faults, occur in power transformers, inhibit electrical power distribution to the consumer. Protection, therefore, of the power transformers is essential in power systems reliability. The power system can be reliable if the protection devices work well when there is a fault. A hybrid intelligent technique, which is a combination of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy known as Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), was used in this research. The objective of this paper is the simulation of differential relays as a protection device on power transformers using Matlab/Simulink. Performance of differential relays for power transformers protection is carried out with internal and external fault scenarios. The input data were classified into three different input for ANFIS such as internal and external 1, internal and external 2, internal, external 1, and external 2, respectively. The error results of ANFIS training for the type of fault internal and external 1 is 9.46*10-7, and types of fault internal and external 2 is 1.09*10-6 internal, external 1 and external 2 are 8.59*10-7. The results obtained from the simulation were accurate and shows that the ANFIS technique is an efficient method that gives less error and a great value. Finally, the technique can minimize faults with power transformers. Finally, to prove this method can reduce faults in the power transformer, the assess of this model has been carried out through the RMSE that has been generated which is zero.

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Liu, Lishuo, Xuning Feng, Christiane Rahe, Weihan Li, Languang Lu, Xiangming He, Dirk Uwe Sauer, and Minggao Ouyang. "Internal short circuit evaluation and corresponding failure mode analysis for lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (October 2021): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2021.03.025.

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