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Journal articles on the topic 'Internal density'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Chakraverty, B. K. "Incommensurate charge-density wave and internal symmetries." Physical Review B 37, no. 18 (June 15, 1988): 10496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.37.10496.

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2

van Buuren, L. D., D. Szczerba, J. F. J. van den Brand, H. J. Bulten, M. Ferro-Luzzi, H. Kolster, J. Lang, M. C. Simani, and F. Mul. "High density polarized hydrogen/deuterium internal target." Nuclear Physics A 663-664 (January 2000): 1049c—1052c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(99)00767-8.

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3

Sha, Huyun, and J. M. Vanden-Broeck. "Internal solitary waves with stratification in density." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 38, no. 4 (April 1997): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000000862.

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AbstractLong periodic waves propagating in a closed channel are considered. The fluid consists of two layers of constant densities separated by a layer in which the density varies continuously. The numerical results of Vanden-Broeck and Turner [8] are extended. It is shown that their solutions are particular members of a family of solutions. Solutions are selected by requiring that the streamfunction takes values on the upper and lower walls which are consistent with a uniform stream far upstream. The new solutions are qualitatively similar to those of Vanden-Broeck and Turner [8]. In particular, there are periodic waves characterized by a train of ripples at their troughs. It is shown numerically that these waves approach solitary waves with oscillatory tails as their wavelength increases. Moreover special solutions for which the amplitude of the ripples is almost zero are identified. Such solutions without ripples were previously found for solitary waves with surface tension.
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4

Andreoletti, J., C. Laviron, J. Olivain, A. L. Pecquet, F. Gervais, D. Gresillon, P. Hennequin, A. Quemeneur, and A. Truc. "Density fluctuations associated with the sawtooth internal disruption." Journal de Physique III 1, no. 9 (September 1991): 1529–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp3:1991209.

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5

Anagnostatos, G. S., A. N. Antonov, P. Ginis, J. Giapitzakis, M. K. Gaidarov, and A. Vassiliou. "Nucleon momentum and density distributions in4Heconsidering internal rotation." Physical Review C 58, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 2115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.58.2115.

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6

Luk, S. "High-density forming using internal and external lubricants." Metal Powder Report 57, no. 6 (June 2002): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(02)80289-2.

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7

Ishima, Rieko, JunJi Iwahara, Shigeyuki Yokoyama, and Kuniaki Nagayama. "Gaussian Spectral-Density Function for Protein Internal Motions." Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B 111, no. 3 (June 1996): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmrb.1996.0094.

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8

Budanov, S. P., A. S. Tibilov, and V. A. Yakovlev. "Cauchy internal wave scattering by density field inhomogeneities." Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 28, no. 2 (1987): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00918727.

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9

Manderson, A., M. D. Rayson, E. Cripps, M. Girolami, J. P. Gosling, M. Hodkiewicz, G. N. Ivey, and N. L. Jones. "Uncertainty Quantification of Density and Stratification Estimates with Implications for Predicting Ocean Dynamics." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 7 (July 2019): 1313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0200.1.

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AbstractWe present a statistical method for reconstructing continuous background density profiles that embeds incomplete measurements and a physically intuitive density stratification model within a Bayesian hierarchal framework. A double hyperbolic tangent function is used as a parametric density stratification model that captures various pycnocline structures in the upper ocean and offers insight into several density profile characteristics (e.g., pycnocline depth). The posterior distribution is used to quantify uncertainty and is estimated using recent advances in Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Temporally evolving posterior distributions of density profile characteristics, isopycnal heights, and nonlinear ocean process models for internal gravity waves are presented as examples of how uncertainty propagates through models dependent on the density stratification. The results show 0.95 posterior interval widths that ranged from 2.5% to 4% of the expected values for the linear internal wave phase speed and 15%–40% for the nonlinear internal wave steepening parameter. The data, collected over a year from a through-the-column mooring, and code, implemented in the software package Stan, accompany the article.
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10

Schulte, M., and A. Frühwald. "Shear modulus, internal bond and density profile of medium density fibre board (MDF)." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 54, no. 1 (January 1996): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050132.

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11

Smith, Ainsley C. J., Justin J. Tse, Tadiwa H. Waungana, Kirsten N. Bott, Michael T. Kuczynski, Andrew S. Michalski, Steven K. Boyd, and Sarah L. Manske. "Internal calibration for opportunistic computed tomography muscle density analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): e0273203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273203.

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Introduction Muscle weakness can lead to reduced physical function and quality of life. Computed tomography (CT) can be used to assess muscle health through measures of muscle cross-sectional area and density loss associated with fat infiltration. However, there are limited opportunities to measure muscle density in clinically acquired CT scans because a density calibration phantom, allowing for the conversion of CT Hounsfield units into density, is typically not included within the field-of-view. For bone density analysis, internal density calibration methods use regions of interest within the scan field-of-view to derive the relationship between Hounsfield units and bone density, but these methods have yet to be adapted for muscle density analysis. The objective of this study was to design and validate a CT internal calibration method for muscle density analysis. Methodology We CT scanned 10 bovine muscle samples using two scan protocols and five scan positions within the scanner bore. The scans were calibrated using internal calibration and a reference phantom. We tested combinations of internal calibration regions of interest (e.g., air, blood, bone, muscle, adipose). Results We found that the internal calibration method using two regions of interest, air and adipose or blood, yielded accurate muscle density values (< 1% error) when compared with the reference phantom. The muscle density values derived from the internal and reference phantom calibration methods were highly correlated (R2 > 0.99). The coefficient of variation for muscle density across two scan protocols and five scan positions was significantly lower for internal calibration (mean = 0.33%) than for Hounsfield units (mean = 6.52%). There was no difference between coefficient of variation for the internal calibration and reference phantom methods. Conclusions We have developed an internal calibration method to produce accurate and reliable muscle density measures from opportunistic computed tomography images without the need for calibration phantoms.
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12

Lee, Chengteh, and Weitao Yang. "The divide‐and‐conquer density‐functional approach: Molecular internal rotation and density of states." Journal of Chemical Physics 96, no. 3 (February 1992): 2408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462039.

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13

Kanis, John A. "Bone density measurements and osteoporosis." Journal of Internal Medicine 241, no. 3 (March 1997): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.147131000.x.

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14

PHILLIPOV, G., and P. PHILLIPS. "Precision of bone density measurement." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 28, no. 2 (April 1998): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1998.tb02979.x.

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15

Алексанин, А. И., В. Ким, and И. О. Ярощук. "Seawater density estimation on surface footprints of internal waves." Podvodnye issledovaniia i robototehnika, no. 4(34) (January 24, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37102/24094609.2020.34.4.005.

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Рассматривается проблема восстановления плотностной структуры моря на шельфе по проявлениям внутренних гравитационных волн на изображениях поверхности в поляризованном свете. По изображениям рассчитываются скорости распространения волн и их длины. Анализируется 17 случаев регистрации волн, проходивших через станции с вертикально расположенными датчиками температуры. Используется две модели вертикальной изменчивости плотности: однослойная с постоянной частотой плавучести и двухслойная с постоянной плотностью в слое. Анализируются точности решения прямых задач на основе сопоставления скоростей распространения волн, рассчитанных по профилям плотности и полученных по изображениям. Рассматриваются два варианта решения прямых задач: на основе решения задачи Штурма–Лиувилля и на основе уравнения Кортевега де Вриза. Демонстрируется возможность выбора модели среды по изменчивости скорости распространения волн на шельфе с меняющейся глубиной дна. Показывается, что при двухслойной модели среды с нижним слоем со значительно меньшей толщиной, чем у верхнего, оба подхода к решению прямых задач дают существенное занижение наблюдаемых скоростей распространения внутренних гравитационных волн. The problem of shallow water density estimation based on the surface images of internal gravity waves is considered. The images are used for calculation of internal gravity waves speed and wavelength. The seventeen cases of in-situ wave registration by vertical allocation temperature sensors are analyzed. The standard two-layer model and constant Väisälä-Brunt frequency model are explored. The wave speed is calculated by direct task solution using in situ data and image data separately, and the results are compared. Two kinds of direct task solutions are considered: as a solution of Sturm–Liouville problem and as a solution of Korteweg-de Vries equation. The relation between internal wave speed and the depth can help us to choose the density model. It is shown, that for the two-layer model with upper layer depth much higher than the bottom one both approaches to the solution of the direct task give significantly lower speed than the speed calculated from the image sequences.
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16

Hu, Lianyu, and Caiming Zhong. "An Internal Validity Index Based on Density-Involved Distance." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 40038–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2906949.

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17

Casini, H., and M. Huerta. "Reduced density matrix and internal dynamics for multicomponent regions." Classical and Quantum Gravity 26, no. 18 (September 7, 2009): 185005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/26/18/185005.

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18

Lai, H. M., P. T. Leung, K. L. Poon, and K. Young. "Characterization of the internal energy density in Mie scattering." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 8, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.8.001553.

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19

SUGIHARA, Yuji, Hiroyuki HONJI, Nobuhiro MATSUNAGA, Kazuki SAKAI, and Yasufumi SUZUKI. "Velocity Distributions and Density-Mixing in Internal Wave Solitons." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 38 (1994): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.38.517.

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20

Ridolfini, V. Pericoli, E. Barbato, P. Buratti, G. Calabrò, C. Castaldo, M. De Benedetti, B. Esposito, et al. "High density internal transport barriers for burning plasma operation." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 47, no. 12B (November 7, 2005): B285—B301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/47/12b/s21.

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21

Agafontsev, D. S., F. Dias, and E. A. Kuznetsov. "Deep-water internal solitary waves near critical density ratio." Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 225, no. 2 (January 2007): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2006.10.010.

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22

Monchick, L. "Density effects in internal-energy transport in polyatomic gases." International Journal of Thermophysics 18, no. 4 (July 1997): 909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02575236.

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23

McKay, Geoffrey. "Convection with internal heat generation near the density maximum." Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 55, no. 3-4 (December 1990): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091929008204113.

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24

Gustafson, T. K. "Internal photon lines associated with the density matrix operator." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 25, no. 10 (1989): 2179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.35733.

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25

Lai, Pin-Kuang, and Shiang-Tai Lin. "Internal coordinate density of state from molecular dynamics simulation." Journal of Computational Chemistry 36, no. 8 (January 6, 2015): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.23822.

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26

Šácha, P., U. Foelsche, and P. Pišoft. "Analysis of internal gravity waves with GPS RO density profiles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 12 (December 3, 2014): 4123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4123-2014.

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Abstract. GPS radio occultation (RO) data have proved to be a great tool for atmospheric monitoring and studies. In the past decade, they were frequently used for analyses of the internal gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region. Atmospheric density is the first quantity of state gained in the retrieval process and is not burdened by additional assumptions. However, there are no studies elaborating in detail the utilization of GPS RO density profiles for gravity wave analyses. In this paper, we introduce a method for density background separation and a methodology for internal gravity wave analysis using the density profiles. Various background choices are discussed and the correspondence between analytical forms of the density and temperature background profiles is examined. In the stratosphere, a comparison between the power spectrum of normalized density and normalized dry temperature fluctuations confirms the suitability of the density profiles' utilization. In the height range of 8–40 km, results of the continuous wavelet transform are presented and discussed. Finally, the limits of our approach are discussed and the advantages of the density usage are listed.
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27

Šácha, P., U. Foelsche, and P. Pišoft. "Analysis of internal gravity waves with GPS RO density profiles." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 8 (August 11, 2014): 8311–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-8311-2014.

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Abstract. GPS (Global Positioning System) radio occultation (RO) data proved to be a great tool for atmospheric monitoring and studies. In the recent decade, they were frequently used for analyses of the internal gravity waves in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere region. Atmospheric density is the first quantity of state gained in the retrieval process and is not burdened by any additional assumptions. However, there are no studies elaborating in details the utilization of GPS RO density profiles for gravity waves analyses. In the presented paper, we introduce a method for the density background separation and a methodology for internal gravity waves analysis using the density profiles. Various background choices are discussed and the correspondence between analytical forms of the density and temperature background profiles is examined. In the stratosphere, the comparison between the power spectrum of normalized density and normalized dry temperature fluctuations confirms the suitability of the density profiles utilization. In the height range of 8–40 km, results of the continuous wavelet transform are presented and discussed. Finally, the limits of our approach are discussed and the advantages of the density usage are listed.
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28

Najar, Hatem. "Internal Lifshitz tails for discrete Schrödinger operators." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2006 (2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijmms/2006/91865.

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We consider random Schrödinger operatorsHωacting onl2(ℤd). We adapt the technique of the periodic approximations used in (2003) for the present model to prove that the integrated density of states ofHωhas a Lifshitz behavior at the edges of internal spectral gaps if and only if the integrated density of states of a well-chosen periodic operator is nondegenerate at the same edges. A possible application of the result to get Anderson localization is given.
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29

Feng, Guo Yan, Yan Ping Cai, and Yan Ping He. "The Time-Frequency Analysis Method Based on EMD White Noise Energy Density Distribution Characteristics of the Internal Combustion Engine Vibration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.367.

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For the limitations of HHT of the internal combustion engine vibration signal analysis, and the problem of WVD cross-term suppression methods existing aggregation and cross-term component suppression conflicting, the time-frequency analysis method based on EMD white noise energy density distribution characteristics of the internal combustion engine vibration is proposed. First, the internal combustion engine vibration signal was decomposed into the independent series intrinsic mode function (IMF) with different characteristic time scales by using EMD decomposition method. Then, based on the energy density distribution characteristics of the white noise in EMD decomposition, used the distribution interval estimation curve of the IMFs energy density logarithm of white noise with the same length of the original signal as cordon for false pattern component, identified and eliminated false mode component of vibration signal IMFs component, analysised of each IMF with Wigner-Ville. Finally, the Wigner-Ville analysis results of each IMF were linear superposed in order to reconstruct the original signal time-frequency distribution. Simulation and engine vibration time-frequency analysis results show that this method has an excellent time-frequency characteristics, and can successfully extract feature information of the internal combustion engine cylinder head vibration signal.
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30

Morris, Charles A., Danielle Cabral, Hailu Cheng, Jeffrey N. Katz, Joel S. Finkelstein, Jerry Avorn, and Daniel H. Solomon. "Patterns of bone mineral density testing." Journal of General Internal Medicine 19, no. 7 (July 2004): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30240.x.

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31

Masse, J. "Calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol." Archives of Internal Medicine 151, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 810a—810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.151.4.810a.

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32

Park, Chunjae, and Oh In Kwon. "Current Density Imaging Using Directly Measured HarmonicBzData in MREIT." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/381507.

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Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) measures magnetic flux density signals through the use of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to visualize the internal conductivity and/or current density. Understanding the reconstruction procedure for the internal current density, we directly measure the second derivative ofBzdata from the measuredk-space data, from which we can avoid a tedious phase unwrapping to obtain the phase signal ofBz. We determine optimal weighting factors to combine the derivatives of magnetic flux density data,∇2Bz, measured using the multi-echo train. The proposed method reconstructs the internal current density using the relationships between the induced internal current and the measured∇2Bzdata. Results from a phantom experiment demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the scanning time and provides the internal current density, while suppressing the background field inhomogeneity. To implement the real experiment, we use a phantom with a saline solution including a balloon, which excludes other artifacts by any concentration gradient in the phantom.
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33

MATHUR, MANIKANDAN, and THOMAS PEACOCK. "Internal wave beam propagation in non-uniform stratifications." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 639 (October 30, 2009): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009991236.

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In addition to being observable in laboratory experiments, internal wave beams are reported in geophysical settings, which are characterized by non-uniform density stratifications. Here, we perform a combined theoretical and experimental study of the propagation of internal wave beams in non-uniform density stratifications. Transmission and reflection coefficients, which can differ greatly for different physical quantities, are determined for sharp density-gradient interfaces and finite-width transition regions, accounting for viscous dissipation. Thereafter, we consider even more complex stratifications to model geophysical scenarios. We show that wave beam ducting can occur under conditions that do not necessitate evanescent layers, obtaining close agreement between theory and quantitative laboratory experiments. The results are also used to explain recent field observations of a vanishing wave beam at the Keana Ridge, Hawaii.
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34

TILLY-KIESI, M., and M. J. TIKKANEN. "Low density lipoprotein density and composition in hypercholesterolaemic men treated with HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and gemfibrozil." Journal of Internal Medicine 229, no. 5 (May 1991): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00370.x.

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35

Lu, Yichi, Jeffrey A. Goldman, and Haydn N. G. Wadley. "Quantitative reconstruction of internal density distributions from laser ultrasonic data." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, no. 5 (May 1993): 2678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.405843.

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36

McNeill, Andrew, David E. Trilling, and Michael Mommert. "Constraints on the Density and Internal Strength of 1I/’Oumuamua." Astrophysical Journal 857, no. 1 (April 6, 2018): L1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aab9ab.

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37

Sutherland, B. R., and W. R. Peltier. "Turbulence transition and internal wave generation in density stratified jets." Physics of Fluids 6, no. 3 (March 1994): 1267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868295.

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38

Salva, H. R., A. Ghilarducci, and F. Levy. "Internal Friction in Charge Density Wave (TaSe4)2 I Compound." Le Journal de Physique IV 06, no. C8 (December 1996): C8–203—C8–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1996842.

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39

Sumlin, Benjamin J., Christopher R. Oxford, Bongjin Seo, Robert R. Pattison, Brent J. Williams, and Rajan K. Chakrabarty. "Density and Homogeneous Internal Composition of Primary Brown Carbon Aerosol." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 7 (March 2018): 3982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00093.

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40

Lee, Frank M., Michael R. Allshouse, Harry L. Swinney, and Philip J. Morrison. "Internal wave energy flux from density perturbations in nonlinear stratifications." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 856 (October 12, 2018): 898–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.699.

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Internal gravity wave energy contributes significantly to the energy budget of the oceans, affecting mixing and the thermohaline circulation. Hence it is important to determine the internal wave energy flux $\boldsymbol{J}=p\,\boldsymbol{v}$, where $p$ is the pressure perturbation field and $\boldsymbol{v}$ is the velocity perturbation field. However, the pressure perturbation field is not directly accessible in laboratory or field observations. Previously, a Green’s function based method was developed to calculate the instantaneous energy flux field from a measured density perturbation field $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}(x,z,t)$, given a constant buoyancy frequency $N$. Here we present methods for computing the instantaneous energy flux $\boldsymbol{J}(x,z,t)$ for an internal wave field with vertically varying background $N(z)$, as in the oceans where $N(z)$ typically decreases by two orders of magnitude from the pycnocline to the deep ocean. Analytic methods are presented for computing $\boldsymbol{J}(x,z,t)$ from a density perturbation field for $N(z)$ varying linearly with $z$ and for $N^{2}(z)$ varying as $\tanh (z)$. To generalize this approach to arbitrary $N(z)$, we present a computational method for obtaining $\boldsymbol{J}(x,z,t)$. The results for $\boldsymbol{J}(x,z,t)$ for the different cases agree well with results from direct numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations. Our computational method can be applied to any density perturbation data using the MATLAB graphical user interface ‘EnergyFlux’.
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41

Kawamura, Yoshiumi, and Hiromi Nakai. "Energy density analysis of internal methyl rotations in halogenated toluenes." Chemical Physics Letters 368, no. 5-6 (January 2003): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01883-3.

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42

Sánchez-Santolino, Gabriel, Nathan R. Lugg, Takehito Seki, Ryo Ishikawa, Scott D. Findlay, Yuji Kohno, Yuya Kanitani, et al. "Probing the Internal Atomic Charge Density Distributions in Real Space." ACS Nano 12, no. 9 (August 3, 2018): 8875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b03712.

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43

Nishikawa, Joe, Tatsuya Imase, Masao Koike, Kaoru Fukuda, Masatoshi Tokita, Junji Watanabe, and Susumu Kawauchi. "Internal rotations of aromatic polyamides: a density functional theory study." Journal of Molecular Structure 741, no. 1-3 (May 2005): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.01.070.

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44

Lau, Calvin, William E. Brownell, and Alexander A. Spector. "Internal forces, tension and energy density in tethered cellular membranes." Journal of Biomechanics 45, no. 7 (April 2012): 1328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.01.041.

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45

Gayen, B., and S. Sarkar. "Boundary mixing by density overturns in an internal tidal beam." Geophysical Research Letters 38, no. 14 (July 2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011gl048135.

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46

Lee, Woo-Dong, and Dong-Soo Hur. "Characteristics of Surface and Internal Wave Propagation through Density Stratification." Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers 36, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2016.36.5.0819.

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DOYAMA, M. "INTERNAL FRICTION AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION DUE TO CHARGE DENSITY WAVES." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 46, no. C10 (December 1985): C10–669—C10–676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:198510148.

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Arata, M., T. Hamajima, O. Ohsaki, and T. Hirumachi. "Internal stress influence on high current density superconducting magnet performance." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 5, no. 2 (June 1995): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.402565.

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49

Satya Narayanan, A. "Effect of density discontinuity on Alfv�n internal gravity waves." Astrophysics and Space Science 132, no. 1 (April 1987): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00637785.

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Minhas, Asfar Hameed, Naveed Ullah, Asim Ahmad Riaz, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi, Khamael M. Abualnaja, Khaled Althubeiti, and Riaz Muhammad. "Experimental Investigation of Vertical Density Profile of Medium Density Fiberboard in Hot Press." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 15, 2021): 10769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210769.

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Abstract:
This research investigates the performance of medium density fiberboard (MDF) with respect to hot press parameters. The performance of the board, type of glue, and production efficiency determine the optimum temperature and pressure for hot pressing. The actual temperature of the hot press inside the MDF board determines the properties of the final product. Hence, the optimal hot press parameters for the desired product are experimentally obtained. Moreover, MDF is experimentally investigated in terms of its vertical density profile, bending, and internal bonding under the various input parameters of temperature, pressure, cycle time, and moisture content during the manufacturing process. The experimental study is carried out by varying the temperature, pressure, cycle time, and moisture content in the ranges of 200–220 °C, 145–155 bar, 260–275 s, and 8–10%, respectively. Consequently, the optimum input parameters of a hot-pressing temperature of 220 °C, pressure of 155 bar, cycle time of 256 s, and moisture content of 8% are identified for the required internal bonding (0.64 N/mm2), bending (32 N/mm2), and increase in both the core and peak density of the vertical density profile as per the ASTM standard.
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