Academic literature on the topic 'Internal'

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Journal articles on the topic "Internal"

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Altenkirch, Thorsten, Yorgo Chamoun, Ambrus Kaposi, and Michael Shulman. "Internal Parametricity, without an Interval." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 8, POPL (January 5, 2024): 2340–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3632920.

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Parametricity is a property of the syntax of type theory implying, e.g., that there is only one function having the type of the polymorphic identity function. Parametricity is usually proven externally, and does not hold internally. Internalising it is difficult because once there is a term witnessing parametricity, it also has to be parametric itself and this results in the appearance of higher dimensional cubes. In previous theories with internal parametricity, either an explicit syntax for higher cubes is present or the theory is extended with a new sort for the interval. In this paper we present a type theory with internal parametricity which is a simple extension of Martin-Löf type theory: there are a few new type formers, term formers and equations. Geometry is not explicit in this syntax, but emergent: the new operations and equations only refer to objects up to dimension 3. We show that this theory is modelled by presheaves over the BCH cube category. Fibrancy conditions are not needed because we use span-based rather than relational parametricity. We define a gluing model for this theory implying that external parametricity and canonicity hold. The theory can be seen as a special case of a new kind of modal type theory, and it is the simplest setting in which the computational properties of higher observational type theory can be demonstrated.
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Hinton, Sean C., and Warren H. Meck. "The ‘internal clocks’ of circadian and interval timing." Endeavour 21, no. 1 (January 1997): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(96)10022-3.

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Balcı, Fuat. "Interval Timing: Stopping the Internal Stopwatch by Photostimulation." Current Biology 27, no. 24 (December 2017): R1312—R1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.072.

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Moron, Manuel Alonso. "On internal movability; internal shape and internal MANR-spaces." Colloquium Mathematicum 57, no. 2 (1989): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/cm-57-2-235-246.

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Hauser, John R., Duncan I. Simester, and Birger Wernerfelt. "Internal Customers and Internal Suppliers." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 3 (August 1996): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3152124.

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Hauser, John R., Duncan I. Simester, and Birger Wernerfelt. "Internal Customers and Internal Suppliers." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 3 (August 1996): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379603300302.

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To push a customer and market orientation deep into the organization, many firms have adopted systems by which internal customers evaluate internal suppliers. The internal supplier receives a larger bonus for a higher evaluation. The authors examine two internal customer-internal supplier incentive systems. In one system, the internal customer provides the evaluation implicitly by selecting the percentage of its bonus that is based on market outcomes (e.g., a combination of net sales and customer satisfaction if these measures can be tied to incremental profits). The internal supplier's reward is based on the percentage that the internal customer chooses. In the second system, the internal customer selects target market outcomes, and the internal supplier is rewarded on the basis of the target. In each incentive system, some risk is transferred from the firm to the employees, and the firm must pay for this; but in return, the firm need not observe either the internal supplier's or the internal customer's actions. The incentive systems are robust even if the firm guesses wrongly about what employees perceive as costly and about how employee actions affect profit. The authors discuss how these systems relate to internal customer satisfaction systems and profit centers.
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Ballantyne, David. "Internal networks for internal marketing." Journal of Marketing Management 13, no. 5 (July 1997): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.1997.9964479.

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Chodounský, David, and Eva Murtinová. "Internal normality and internal compactness." Topology and its Applications 155, no. 4 (January 2008): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2007.05.018.

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Vogel, L. "Internal bickering over internal subspecialty." Canadian Medical Association Journal 182, no. 12 (July 19, 2010): 1287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-3306.

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Illingworth, J. E. "Internal ultraviolet luminescence — Internal carcinomas." Medical Hypotheses 27, no. 4 (December 1988): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(88)90013-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Internal"

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Omam, Alan Frederic. "Internal friction." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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The phenomenon of internal friction most generally defined as the dissipation of mechanical energy inside a gaseous, liquid or solid medium. It is basically different from “friction” in the tribological sense, i.e., the resistance against the motion of two solid surfaces relative to each other (“external friction”).
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Wagnberg, Michael, and Peter Danielsson. "Internal Dashboard." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77676.

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This project is about creating a Dashboard with suitable data models containing support ticket statistics for the company Sigma IT Consulting. The work flow used by Sigma today is to manually log in to the system to see the support ticket statistics, which can be a tedious and time consuming process. Furthermore, Sigma do not have any monitoring system for checking the health of their web application services. They have a need for an internal Dashboard containing this information with regularly updates. Our solution is to design suitable data models and implement them within a Dashboard application.
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Rathouský, Tomáš. "Internal Communication." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194109.

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The diploma thesis focuses on characteristics of internal communication, its implementation in various forms in different companies and analysis of the internal communication in one selected company. After the analysis of its current state in the multinational company, the thesis will recommend improvements to the areas of internal communication and human resources, with the main focus of global implementation of these recommendations.
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Bayramov, Kamal <1995&gt. "Internal control and internal audit in non-profit organizations." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18322.

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As a result of the global crises experienced one after another in recent years, and the radical changes that have taken place in the public sector, a new understanding of public administration has emerged. As a requirement of this understanding, the state economy was replaced by a market economy, and the centralized structure was replaced by a more decentralized approach to governance. Thus, principles such as transparency, accountability, efficiency, efficiency, economy, strategic planning, performance management and oversight have gained importance in public administration. The practice of internal audit and internal control has become an indispensable management function for non-profit organizations, whose powers, duties and responsibilities increase with globalization and localization. For this reason, in non-profit organizations, internal auditors are responsible for internal audit activities, and senior managers are responsible for the functioning of the financial management and internal control system. Today, the practice of internal audit and internal control has been implemented in non-profit organizations, and systematic research on reporting and improvement has begun. This dissertation will examine how internal audit and internal control processes are implemented in non-profit organizations. Private sector entities have contributed significant added value through internal control and internal audit functions. As for government agencies and organizations, the functions of internal control and internal audit have just begun to take shape in the modern sense.
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Gugler, Klaus, Evgeni Peev, and Esther Segalla. "The Internal Workings of Internal Capital Markets: Cross-Country Evidence." Elsevier, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3846/1/GuglerPeevSegalla.pdf.

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We derive empirical predictions from the standard investment-cash flow framework on the functioning of internal capital markets (ICM), but circumvent its criticism by focusing on parent cash flow and investment opportunities. We test these predictions using a unique data set of parent firms and their listed and unlisted subsidiaries in 90 countries over the period 1995-2006. We find that company and country institutional structures matter. (1) Ownership participation of the parent firm in the subsidiary plays a crucial role for the proper functioning of ICMs. The larger the ownership stake of the parent, the better the functioning of the ICM. (2) The best functioning cross-border ICMs can be found in the sub-sample of firms with parents from a country with "strong" institutions and subsidiaries from a country with "weak" institutions. (3) Unlisted subsidiaries are much more dependent on the ICMs their parents provide than listed subsidiaries. Thus, ICMs are not per se "bright" or "dark", their proper functioning depends on how they are set up. (authors' abstract)
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Welch, Mary. "Rethinking internal communication." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504716.

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Inspiration for this thesis came from two key influences: an interest in the practice of internal communication prompted by the author's previous career in corporate communication management; and an interest in the theory relating to the discipline. Gaps in theory have been emphasised in the literature and the area described as a 'wasteland in terms of research' (Argenti 1996, p. 94). The aim of the thesis was to rethink internal communication to contribute theory with the potential to assist practice. Making a contribution to internal communication theory in this way adds to the strategic public relations and corporate communications body ofknowledge, and may assist internal communication management. This is important since internal communication impacts employee engagement and organisational effectiveness. The conceptual analysis: positions internal communication within integrated corporate communication; argues that internal communication is multi-dimensional; introduces the Internal Communication Matrix to illustrate the dimensionality; and, contributes definitions of internal communication and internal corporate communication. Consequently, the thesis breaks an unhelpful continuous loop concerning definition of the field of internal communication. The empirical work used a research case study strategy involving focus groups and a questionnaire with open and closed questions to gather data from employees concerning their internal corporate communication preferences in the context of a UK university. The empirical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data found an hierarchy ofmethod category preferences from most preferred: electronic, print, face-to-face. The hierarchy was inconsistent with previous literature claiming face-to-face communication as most preferred. An hierarchy ofpreference for internal corporate communication content category was found starting from most preferred: belonging, understanding, commitment, awareness. Further analysis found that employee group membership and knowledge worker group membership was associated with significantly different preferences for internal corporate communication content and methods. The thesis proposed a coaxial view ofrelationships featuring trust and distrust interacting in an employee sense making process, the Zone of Approval, wl1!cl1results in employees adopting a mixture of cynical, sceptical or humorous styles or routines to help them cope with complexii)r.- -- Rethinking internal communication in this thesis showed that the concept is more complex than previously characterised in the literature, broadened understanding of the concept and prepared the ground for future research. The concluding chapter draws the elements together in a model which shows the linkages between internal communication, employee engagement and organisational effectiveness.
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Moretti, Luca. "Putnam's internal realism." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/1015/.

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This work is intended to ascertain whether Putnam’s internal realism is actually a realist doctrine. Putnam has opposed internal realism, which maintains that truth is an epistemic notion (specifically, idealised rational acceptability), to metaphysical realism, which holds that truth is a non-epistemic notion (in particular, a correspondence relationship between sentences and extra-linguistic facts). Putnam has argued that, even if metaphysical realism is untenable, realism is still defensible, for internal realism is a form of realism. In my work, I leave aside the question of the correctness of Putnam’s arguments against metaphysical realism and I directly focus upon internal realism. I first present this position and I set out its realist characteristics: Putnam’s position can be characterised as one that originated in an attempt to develop Dummett’s anti-realist notion of truth in a realist direction. I show that this effort is in part successful. Next, I raise objections against internal realism and I show that, despite its merits, Putnam’s position is not a form of realism. This is so mainly because internal realism may collapse into relativism, which – I argue – is not realism, and because the internal realist cannot explain how the world, which is causally independent of our minds, makes statements true or false. Since Putnam’s probably constitutes the best possible attempt to produce an epistemic view of truth compatible with realism, I conclude that truth conceived as an epistemic notion is incompatible with realism. I finally suggest that realism can be restored if Putnam’s arguments against metaphysical realism can be shown to be incorrect, so that a non-epistemic notion of truth can be rehabilitated.
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梁少達 and Carmelo Leung. "Internal audit policies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263276.

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Kakherskyi, S. I. "Internal model control." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46906.

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Synthesis of automatic control system aims to do the calculation, which is the ultimate goal of finding a rational system structure and establish the optimal values of the parameters of its individual parts. In energy automatic control system is used to restore normal operation after emergency situations or for maintaining certain defined parameters of the system.
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Leung, Carmelo. "Internal audit policies /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12316660.

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Books on the topic "Internal"

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Service, United States Internal Revenue. Internal auditor. 3rd ed. [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, 1991.

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Daniell, Dave. Internal users. Blaby, Leicester: Leicester Railway Wagon Society, 1995.

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Davids, M. Fakhry. Internal Racism. Edited by Ann Scott. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-35762-4.

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Schmidt, Holger J., ed. Internal Branding. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9550-6.

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Scharschmidt, Bruce F., ed. Internal Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511586064.

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Coderre, David, ed. Internal Audit. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119203544.

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Graham, Lynford, ed. Internal Controls. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119198024.

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Jarolim, Dala R. Internal Medicine. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2370-2.

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Jarolim, Dala R. Internal Medicine. New York, NY: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0458-6.

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Al-Tubaikh, Jarrah Ali. Internal Medicine. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39747-4.

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Book chapters on the topic "Internal"

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Tait, James. "Internal." In Entering Architectural Practice, 357–73. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429346569-24.

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Berry, Aidan, and Robin Jarvis. "Internal users and internal Information." In Accounting in a Business Context, 251–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6942-2_13.

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Berry, Aidan, and Robin Jarvis. "Internal users and internal information." In Accounting in a Business Context, 201–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6944-6_11.

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Berezovski, Arkadi, and Peter Ván. "Dual Internal VariablesDual internal variables." In Internal Variables in Thermoelasticity, 59–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56934-5_4.

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Huang, Weiwei. "Internal Controls and Internal Audit." In Built on Value, 373–415. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7507-1_15.

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Diamond, Jack. "Internal Control and Internal Audit." In The International Handbook of Public Financial Management, 374–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137315304_18.

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Dahlhoff, H. Dieter. "Interne Orientierung internationalen Dienstleistungsmanagements: Internal Brand. Internal Marketing. Internal Communication." In Management internationaler Dienstleistungen, 281–312. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-10714-9_13.

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Piskunov, V. A., and T. M. Tarasova. "Internal Control and Internal Auditing Definitions." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 726–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60929-0_94.

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Madsen, Vibeke Thøis. "Internal Social Media and Internal Communication." In New Perspectives in Organizational Communication, 57–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78213-9_4.

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Bengtsson, Lars, Lars Bengtsson, Hrund Ó. Andradóttir, V. K. Dwivedi, Magnus Larson, and Ulrich Lemmin. "Internal seiches." In Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs, 411–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_160.

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Conference papers on the topic "Internal"

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Mengle, Vinod. "Internal Jet Noise Diagnostics for Internally Mixed Nozzles." In 10th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2900.

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"Internal cover." In 2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/digitalheritage.2013.6743619.

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Sperisen, F. "Internal targets." In The fourteenth international conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.52627.

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"Internal erosion." In The 8th International Conference on Scour and Erosion. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375045-48.

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Yu, Qionglei, Yi Qiu, and Wei Feng. "Internal customer orientation and internal supply chain management." In EM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2010.5674293.

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Russu, A. V., V. A. Shamaev, I. N. Medvedev, and N. A. Trubnickov. "Internal friction and internal stresses in oak wood." In Разработка энергоресурсосберегающих и экологически безопасных технологий лесопромышленного комплекса. Воронеж: Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58168/deseftti2022_77-80.

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Reznikova, Yulia Vladislavovna. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROL AND INTERNAL AUDIT." In Российская наука: актуальные исследования и разработки. Самара: Самарский государственный экономический университет, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2022.02-2-131/135.

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Li, Jinhong, and Shun Yi. "Internal node bagging." In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3357254.3357268.

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Robinson, Paul A. "Internal discharge analysis." In Conference on Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Phenomena - Annual Report 1985. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.1985.7728304.

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Ituma, Afam. "The internal career." In the 2006 ACM SIGMIS CPR conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1125170.1125222.

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Reports on the topic "Internal"

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Toohey, Shannon. Internal Central Line Placement (Internal Jugular Catheter). Touch Surgery Simulations, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2015.s0059.

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Bentz, Dale P., and W. Jason Weiss. Internal curing :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7765.

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Muller, Peter. Dynamics of Internal Tides and Near-Inertial Internal Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613673.

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Machado, Dalmo, Barbara Christovam, Donizete Vago, and Marcia Gentil. Internal Rules OBJN. Fluminense Federal University, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.2018doc1.

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Levine, Murray, and Timothy Boyd. Internal Wave Mooring. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627846.

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Henyey, Frank S. Internal Wave Theory, Modeling and Theory of the Internal Wave Field. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300337.

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Tzonev, Nick, and Eric Pesty. PR-396-113704-R02 Methods for Detection of Gases and VOCs from Floating Roofs of Aboveground Storage Tanks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010794.

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Describes the development of an automated system that can effectively replace the EPA-mandated in-service and out-of-service inspections of the Internal Floating Roofs (IFR) in Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs). The ultimate goal is to increase the internal inspection interval to twenty (20) years, which would coincide with the interval used by the American Petroleum Institute's (API) Standard 653 for out-of-service general mechanical inspection of the entire tank. Extending the IFR internal inspection interval will eliminate the negative elements associated with additional AST entry events and will reduce VOC emissions associated with IFR landing and tank degassing/cleaning, while minimizing safety risks and saving operating capital.
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Lee, Young-A., and Yu Mi Kwon. Internal Peace in Life. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-223.

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Murty, V. D. Nonlinear Internal Flow Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361213.

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Robin Gordon, Bill Bruce, Ian Harris, Dennis Harwig, George Ritter, Bill Mohr, Matt Boring, Nancy Porter, Mike Sullivan, and Chris Neary. INTERNAL REPAIR OF PIPELINES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833409.

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