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1
Shukla, Prateek, S. K. Singh, and Anunay Gour. "Study of Trapping and Intermixing of Delhi Drains for Rejuvenation of the River Yamuna." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 8, no. 2 (2020): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.822020.
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This study examines the presence of pollution of Yamuna in the city of Delhi, from two perspectives: (i) understanding the concept of trapping drains and (ii) establishing small scale Sewage Treatment plants at the point of outfall. With events occurring over the last century making river Yamuna polluted, the study focuses on the latest methods and technologies available to avoid intermixing of sewage and storm water drains to reduce pollution. Due to mixing of storm water and sewage, the desired qualities of the river water get degraded and the amount of dissolved oxygen decrease considerably. If this water is allowed to pass through a sewage treatment plant then it will lead to increase in time of treatment due to increase in discharge. The increased discharge can also affect the efficiency of the treatment plant. The study also includes the theory of tributaries of river Yamuna, Major Drainage problems in the region, Quality of River water.
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Rana, Shubham, Prateek Thakran, and Bhagya Jayant. "A Case Study Watershed of Siraspur Delhi." Journal of Engineering Research and Application 02 (2023): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55953/jera.2023.2105.
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In many nations, watershed development is a critical component of rural development and natural resource management initiatives. A watershed is a kind of common pool resource that consists of a geohydrological unit that drains to a common location through a series of drains. All regions on the planet are part of one or more watersheds, and even small land fragments act as watersheds (for this purpose a case study on VILLAGE SIRASPUR, DELHI is also a part of MICROWATERSHEDS IN DELHI). Watershed management is problematic because watershed systems include a variety of competing uses, thus any gain or cost will be distributed unevenly across users. Theories based on common research suggest that managing complex watersheds would be challenging, and that success will be restricted to isolated, actively aided micro watershed programmes with a social organisation emphasis. The simplest way to encourage community action is at the micro watershed level, yet good hydrological management necessitates effort at the macro watershed level. It also helps in recharging groundwater which is depleting in Delhi at alarming rate.
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Jamloki, Asha, Anuj Ranjan, Abhishek Chauhan, S. K. Tyagi, and Tanu Jindal. "Comparative Assessment of Seasonal Variation in Size-Segregated Particulate Matters around Urban Drains." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 10 (2022): 2757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23885.
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The rapidly growing urbanization has resulted in increased environmental pollution and degradation that has equally affected the quality of air and wastewater. Urban drains that carry wastewater from households and industries are also carrying loads of pollutants. The current study was conducted to compare the trend in the concentration of particulate matter (PM) in the air, across the seasons near the urban drains in Delhi, a metropolitan city. The air samples were taken from Najafgarh drain, which is the biggest drain of Delhi city and has a contribution of about 60% of the total wastewater released from Delhi city into river Yamuna. The Indian Standard method IS 5182 Part 24:2019 was used for PM2.5 & IS 5182 Part 23:2006 was used for PM10 monitoring and analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the variation in particulate matter (PM) is observed with changes in relative humidity and with seasonal changes. The variation in PM2.5 levels was seen in a range of 55.30-118.42 μg/m3 from June 2020 to February 2021 & in PM10 levels were seen in the range of 77.54-261.99 μg/m3 during June 2020 to February 2021 for location L1. The variation in PM2.5 levels was seen in a range of 23.84-76.94 μg/m3 from June 2020 to February 2021 & in PM10 levels were seen in the range of 42.06-149.48 μg/m3 during June 2020 to February 2021 for location L2. Few studies have shown that contaminants can enter into the fresh air from the municipal wastewaters and open drains.
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Kumar, Bhupander, R. Gaur, G. Goel, Meenu Mishra, Dev Prakash, S. K. Singh, R. B. Lal, Sanjay Kumar, and C. S. Sharma. "Distribution of Pesticides in Sediments from Municipal Drains in Delhi, India." Asian Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 3 (June 15, 2011): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajsr.2011.271.280.
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Singh, S. K., Priyanka Negi, Karan Arora, and Monika. "Modelling of Pollutant Transport in Yamuna River from the Najafgarh Drain, NCT Delhi Using Matlab Software." Journal of Climate Change 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcc230023.
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When the river Yamuna leaves the National Capital Territory of Delhi, its situation further deteriorates. Despite accounting for only 1% of the river’s overall catchment area, this region is responsible for more than half of the pollutants discovered in the Yamuna. The river Yamuna, on the other hand, is Delhi’s only natural resource for maintaining all forms of life. The Yamuna River is currently experiencing a significant level of pollution problem, and in order to control pollution in the Yamuna River, continual analysis is essential. The Yamuna River is contaminated by the discharge of untreated municipal sewage and industrial effluent through seven major drains: Najafgarh, Yamunapur, Sen Nursing Home, Barathpula, Maharani Bagh, Kalkaji, and Tuglakabad. In terms of people and chemicals, continuous sampling takes time and money. The primary objective of this study is to analyse the wastewater samples collected by sub-drains and STP’s to predict the pollutant transportation in river Yamuna from Najafgarh Drain. The study focusses on the only pollutant, i.e., Biochemical Oxygen Demand from the starting point to after the confluence of Najafgarh Drain into river Yamuna. The prediction is to be done by using MATLAB software. This study would help to identify the main sources of sub-drains which are polluting Najafgarh Drain and eventually the river Yamuna. This shows how MATLAB may be used to calculate the pollution load caused by organic waste in the Yamuna River as it flows through Delhi, India’s National Capital Territory. The model numerically solves a series of differential equations to simulate the dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand parameters in two dimensions. MATLAB is an interactive programming language that may be used to develop algorithms, graphics, and user interfaces in other computer languages. MATLAB helps estimate future water quality using present data, which saves time, labour, and other costs associated with the continuous study. There are various software programmes available in the market for predicting river water quality, however, MATLAB GUI provides an accessible and convenient user interface (Graphical User Interface).
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a, Garima, Abhishek Kumar, Nandita Moitra, and K. S. Jayachandran. "ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF RIVER YAMUNA USING POLLUTION INDICES." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2022): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15376.
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The river Yamuna is considered a crucial river in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Having 0.4 Percent of the catchment area in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, it feeds about 70 per cent of the population of Delhi and hence, is a major source of dependency for NCT of Delhi. The water quality monitoring of River Yamuna is done by the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Delhi on monthly basis.The objective of the study is to investigate the water quality of the river in the Delhi stretch, for the period 2003-2021. The water quality data has been derived from experimental analysis at DPCC across seven monitoring stations and has been analysed in the present study. It has been revealed that pollutant load from urban local bodies and drains have a stronger impact on the water parameters after the Wazirabad in Delhi, resulting in deteriorated water quality and high-Water Quality Indices (WQI). Water Quality Index (WQI) for the year 2021 indicates that pollution in the river Yamuna increases during monsoon and post-monsoonperiods while during pre-monsoon it remains relatively low.The average pH of the river water ranges from 6 to 8 throughout the year. The comparative data reveals that dissolved oxygen (DO) at most of the sites (except Palla) is nil and, the values of BiochemicalOxygen Demand(BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) have been increasing tremendously, which is due to the unregulated discharge or dumping of sewage water from urban local bodies (ULB) in the river.
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Gola, Deepak, Arghya Bhattacharya, Priyadarshini Dey, Anushree Malik, and Shaikh Ziauddin Ahammad. "Assessment of Drain Water Used for Irrigation in the Delhi Region." Journal of Health and Pollution 10, no. 26 (June 2020): 200610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-10.26.200610.
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Background. Industries such as electroplating, mining and battery production are major sources of heavy metal-rich waste entering nearby water bodies. Irrigation with heavy metal contaminated water can deteriorate soil quality as well as agricultural produce and have further toxic effects on human health. Objectives. The objective of the present study was to estimate the concentration of hazardous heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), as well as physico-chemical variables (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen) at sampling locations along the Najafgarh and Loha mandi drains in Delhi, National Capital Region, India. Methods. The present study evaluated the quality of wastewater from the Najafgarh and Loha mandi drains, which are used for irrigational purposes in the Delhi region. Drain water quality was monitored for a period of 2 years for physico-chemical variables (pH, chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen) as well as heavy metal concentrations (Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni and Pb). The two-year monitoring period (July 2012–March 2014) was chosen to represent three seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon. Results. Varied concentrations of multiple heavy metals were found due to the extensive discharge of untreated industrial effluents into the drain water. Punjabi Bagh of Najafgarh drain was the most contaminated sampling site with the maximum concentration of Zn (12.040 ± 0.361 mg L−1), followed by Cr (2.436 ± 0.073mg L−1) and Cu (2.617 ± 0.078 mg L−1). Conclusions. Consumption of heavy metal-contaminated agricultural products can cause deleterious human health effects, leading to further health problems. The presence of multi-heavy metal ions above the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) permissible limits indicated that drain water was not suitable for irrigational purposes, and adequate measures are required to remove the heavy metal load from drain water. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Kumar, Ashok, Cat Button, Shambhavi Gupta, and Jaime Amezaga. "Water Sensitive Planning for the Cities in the Global South." Water 15, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020235.
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Water Sensitive Planning (WSP) recognizes the centrality of water in the urban built environment, something often overlooked in urban planning systems. WSP was primarily developed for western city contexts but many cities in the Global South are rapidly urbanizing, and informal settlements are the predominant form of development, with limited existing water provision. A new WSP framework is needed for these contexts. This paper envisions what a WSP theory would look like for a city in the Global South to enhance water security, using Delhi as a starting point. Firstly, the substantive components of WSP are identified from the literature. Secondly, this framework is critiqued with respect to the extent to which it is appropriate for planning rapidly urbanizing cities, especially in India. Finally, the key principles of WSP for cities in the Global South are suggested. Notable principles include integration of water planning and city planning; linking of drains with statute protected water bodies; green places as recharge areas; reuse of adequately treated wastewater for irrigation purposes; and building roads and drains as per hydrogeography of a place.
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Agarwal, Manila. "INTEGRATION OF URBAN DRAINAGE WITH GREEN SPACES TO GIVE SOLUTION TO DEPLETING GROUND WATER TABLE SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DELHI." EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijaer.v4i1.33.
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Storm water drainage is meant to carry storm water (rain water) and any other clean surface water. It is fundamentally not suitable or designed for carrying sewage or industrial waste water or even septic tank effluent. Even the effluent from the sewage treatment plant cannot be discharged into it. Therefore, one of the urgent tasks should be to make plans for diversion of all waste water (both domestic and industrial) from surface drains.
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Shimpi, Prof Abhishek L. "Lower Head Water Turbine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 3282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50878.
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Abstract: Increase in human population increases the need for energy. Sustainable energy production is gaining importance day by day. At the same time rapid urbanization and industrialization combined with improper town planning has led to the destruction and death of nearby water bodies. Discharge of drainage water without aeration or any other treatment in Metropolitan Indian cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Nashik and all others have to led to the blackening of water sources. Indian city drains handle sheer volumes of water every day. A new method of aerating water combined with power generation could go a long way in solving the problem of water treatment as well as power generation. Even under low head this much amount of water if efficiently utilized can generate sufficient power not only for the plant but also for the grid. By using the power of water in vortex flow under gravity, an attempt is made to make power from Indian drains. To generate electricity, water must be in motion. This is kinetic (moving) energy. When flowing water turns blades in a turbine, the form is changed to mechanical energy. The vortex is a form of kinetic energy storage by which water under motion is trapped in a dynamic way. This increased amount of kinetic energy that gets trapped inside a vortex boosts the power inside a vortex.
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Singh, Anu, Suraj Kumar Singh, Gowhar Meraj, Shruti Kanga, Majid Farooq, Nikola Kranjčić, Bojan Đurin, and Sudhanshu. "Designing Geographic Information System Based Property Tax Assessment in India." Smart Cities 5, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 364–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5010021.
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Property tax is the primary source of revenue for municipal bodies. In India, municipal corporations are facing issues in property tax collection, and the primary reason for it is a lack of count of assessed properties under its jurisdiction. Also, the storage of information on the properties is mainly based on manual efforts, which leads to data redundancy and failure to appropriate tax collection. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) consists of technology, personnel, and resources to create, maintain, visualize, search, and share geospatial data and services. The study has been carried out in the Hauz Khas Ward, South Delhi Municipal Corporation, Delhi. This paper aims to develop a spatial database for property tax management. It includes capturing the building footprint, road, land use such as parks, paved area, drains, and demarcation of boundaries such as locality slums, based on a regular grid net with a cell size of 250 m by 250 m. The generated geospatial database has been finally used to evaluate parameters for property tax calculation. Moreover, this spatial database can be organized as different models for any web-based application for municipal services. This study provides a working example of a GIS-based property tax collection solution for whole of India and other South-Asian countries.
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Jain, C. P. "Decentralised Concept of Sewage Treatment to Prevent Flowing of Waste Water in Surface Drains and River Yamuna in Delhi." Indian Journal of Public Administration 49, no. 3 (July 2003): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120030319.
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Shokeen, Tarun, S. K. Singh, and Geeta Singh. "Study on Adequacy of Functional Characteristics of a Typical Urban Waste Water Treatment Plant." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 8, no. 1 (2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.812010.
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This study examines the presence of pollution of river Yamuna in the city of Delhi. The condition of river Yamuna is deteriorating day by day. The main cause of this is the poor standard treated sewage from the sewage treatment plants being dumped into drains which directly meet into river Yamuna. In this study I audited Keshopur 40 MGD sewage treatment plant which works on activated sludge process in which Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) is the prime concern for the proper functioning of plant and checked the adequacy of the various functional units by comparing the detention time of each and every unit with the standard detention time given by code. Activated Sludge Process involves aeration and a biological flock composed of bacteria and protozoa to convert non settle particles into the settle one.ASP provides one of the highest degree of treatment within the limited cost involved. In this study various recommendations are also given for increasing the efficiency of sewage treatment plant.
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Pali, D. "Linear Modeling-Based Assessment Of Water Quality Of River Yamuna, India (2011-2020)." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 24, no. 03 (March 10, 2022): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/22/0269.
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Since time immemorial, rivers have been the lifelines of billions worldwide. They provide fresh water for drinking, agriculture, bathing, and fulfill our various requirements. There is no life without water; hence, making sure that perennial flows remain unpolluted is one of man’s prime duties. On the contrary, many industrial chemicals that pollute our water resources are common in the present times. The entire stretch of Yamuna River, from Yamunotri glacier to its confluence with the river Ganges at Allahabad, is used for various human activities. The various pollution sources, such as residential, industrial, and agricultural areas, induce many substances in the river. Domestic sources cause about 85% of the total pollution. Large clusters of industries established at Kota, Gwalior, Indore, Nagda, Khetri, Yamuna Nagar, Panipat, Sonepat, Delhi, Baghpat, Ghaziabad, Gautam Budha Nagar, Faridabad, Mathura release vast amounts of pollutants in River Yamuna. The nutrients and pesticides from agricultural fields are adsorbed by the sediment particles and reach the river, particularly during early floods. These chemicals geo-accumulate in riverbeds. The dumping of worshiping material and ashes in the water further degrades the water quality. High organic content, increased nutrients, pathogens, pollutants, and deforestation in the catchment and river usage as transport media adversely affect the river water quality. Many activities such as bathing, washing clothes, religious activities, offering of flowers, garlands, and other worship materials are also responsible for river pollution in India. This paper studies the effect of pollution on the River Yamuna and concentrates on studying water quality parameters of the entire stretch of River Yamuna flowing through five geopolitical states of India. The second part deals with the study of pollution-induced by various drains emptying their flow into River Yamuna. It also includes a study during the extraordinary condition induced by COVID-19 lockdown.
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Kumar, Satish, D. R. Kaushal, and A. K. Gosain. "Hydrodynamic simulation of urban stormwater drain (Delhi city, India) using iRIC Model." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 16, no. 1 (June 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.16656423.0.16.1.704.
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Flooding in urban areas takes place mainly due to increased urbanization, decrease in infiltration rate and poor infrastructure for stormwater drainage network. Nays2DFlood is a recently developed solver by iRIC for the simulation of river flow regime. The number of input data requirement is few which makes this solver superior to other models but has been rarely applied to urban catchments. In this paper, a hydrodynamic model was developed to assess the model’s feasibility to simulate urban stormwater drainage system of Delhi, capital city of India for mapping inundation extents using Nays2DFlood solver. The data used in this model is a DEM (5 × 5 m resolution) and daily discharge data of the drains. The simulated drainage is analysed keeping in mind the constraints which were observed during the collection of field data; the storm-water drains are choked, the drains have improper flow gradient or damaged flow gradients. Based on the simulated results, the water depth and velocity profiles were analysed for the drain. The model identified four critical locations where the problem like zig-zag bed slope of the drain, undersized cross-section of the drain and last but not the least the backflow problem which were in close agreement with the observed field data. The flood propagation exactly predicting the inundated area. Thus, Nays2DFlood solver model can also be applied to urban catchments for identifying the flood extent.
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Kumar, Satish, D. R. Kaushal, and A. K. Gosain. "Hydrodynamic simulation of urban stormwater drain (Delhi city, India) using iRIC Model." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 16, no. 1 (June 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.16656423.2018.16.1.704.
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Flooding in urban areas takes place mainly due to increased urbanization, decrease in infiltration rate and poor infrastructure for stormwater drainage network. Nays2DFlood is a recently developed solver by iRIC for the simulation of river flow regime. The number of input data requirement is few which makes this solver superior to other models but has been rarely applied to urban catchments. In this paper, a hydrodynamic model was developed to assess the model’s feasibility to simulate urban stormwater drainage system of Delhi, capital city of India for mapping inundation extents using Nays2DFlood solver. The data used in this model is a DEM (5 × 5 m resolution) and daily discharge data of the drains. The simulated drainage is analysed keeping in mind the constraints which were observed during the collection of field data; the storm-water drains are choked, the drains have improper flow gradient or damaged flow gradients. Based on the simulated results, the water depth and velocity profiles were analysed for the drain. The model identified four critical locations where the problem like zig-zag bed slope of the drain, undersized cross-section of the drain and last but not the least the backflow problem which were in close agreement with the observed field data. The flood propagation exactly predicting the inundated area. Thus, Nays2DFlood solver model can also be applied to urban catchments for identifying the flood extent.
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Bahadur, Nupur, Nipun Bhargava, Shyamal Kumar Sarkar, and Vibha Dhawan. "TERI advanced oxidation technology (TADOX®) for treatment and rejuvenation of open drains and surface water bodies: making habitats sustainable." Water Practice & Technology, May 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2023.087.
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Abstract Open drains contain sewage waste and find the route to surface water bodies mainly due to the absence of dedicated conveyance of wastewater to centralized wastewater treatment facilities. This poses severe environmental, public health and occupational health hazard and there is an urgent need for onsite treatment of open drains. TADOX® (TERI Advanced Oxidation Technology) from TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi) is an advanced approach treat drains using photocatalysis (UV/n-TiO2) as an advanced oxidation process. This paper presents a case study of an open drain, which when treated with TADOX® Technology, improved water quality parameters meeting the regulatory norms. The untreated open drain did not meet Class E of the Water Quality Criteria laid down by the regulatory body, and attained Class A Water Quality Criteria after end-to-end treatment within 5 h. TADOX® treatment resulted in the removal of 63.5% chemical oxygen demand, 99% biochemical oxygen demand, 96% phosphate, 61% nitrogen, 3 log reduction in E. coli and 4 log reduction in total coliform values with a doubling in dissolved oxygen levels. Micropollutant load reduction of 93.5% in acetaminophen, 96% in sulfamethoxazole, 96% in ibuprofen and 89% in caffeine was also recorded in the study.
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Bhattacharya, Arghya, Priyadarshini Dey, Deepak Gola, Abhishek Mishra, Anushree Malik, and Neelam Patel. "Assessment of Yamuna and associated drains used for irrigation in rural and peri-urban settings of Delhi NCR." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187, no. 1 (November 20, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4146-2.
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Aggarwal, Neeraj, and Kumar Satyam. "A Critical Study of Recruitment Process and its impact on HR Strategies of Employee- Retention in Hospitality Industry of Garhwal and Kumaun Region of Uttarakhand." Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 36 (November 4, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v4i36.10028.
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Uttarakhand is a state with high potential of tourist attractions.Being very near to the national capital New Delhi, it catches the attention of the visitors from around the country to get a break from their schedule. The cities in this state are equipped with hospitality points, which even diplomatically force the guest to stay for a longer. In a recent time, after getting the status of tourism state, plenty of the hotels and resorts have emerged with their brand and name. Few of the international hotels also have settled their properties in Uttarakhand to grab the opportunity. It also helps to reduce skill-drains from the state, as it is well known that the state has best level of hospitality skills.The existing hotels of Uttarakhand have different practices regarding recruitment of employees. Many of the hotels throughout country have the employees or work force from Garhwal and Kumaun region almost in all departments at different level. The people from Uttarakhand even don’t want to escape from their home state. But the ultimate situation is different. In this research paper, therewould an emphasis on the HR strategies for recruitment of employees and its impact on employee- retention in hospitality industry of Garhwal and Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. The data would be collected from the employees of three stars and above category of hotels through the questionnaire; and then analysis will come out with the conclusion that why there is employee retention problem in study area.