Journal articles: 'Intermediate term anaerobic capacity'

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Gaiga, Milena C., and David Docherty. "The Effect of an Aerobic Interval Training Program on Intermittent Anaerobic Performance." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 20, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 452–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h95-036.

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The effects of a 9-week aerobic interval training program on anaerobic intermittent performance were investigated. Intermittent work consisted of four repeat 30-sec maximal efforts on a cycle ergometer (Wingate test) with 3-min recovery intervals. Thirteen men trained 3 days a week on the cycle ergometer, completing 3-min work-to-rest intervals and progressing from 5 to 10 reps. Relative and absolute values of aerobic power increased significantly for the training group (p <.05). No significant change was observed for the control group (n = 11). The training group demonstrated significant increases in the four anaerobic variables of short-term peak power (SPP), short-term anaerobic capacity (SAC), intermediate-term peak power (IPP), and total work (TW), and across the four 30-sec maximal repeats for anaerobic performance (T1-T4) (p <.05). Greater percentages of increase occurred for IPP and TW, especially during Repeats 3 and 4. The control group only demonstrated a significant increase in SPP for Repeat 3. These data suggest that the type of interval training program used in the study increased aerobic power and also enhanced performance in repeated high intensity, short duration work. Key words: short-term peak power, intermediate-term peak power, total work

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Spriet, Lawrence L. "Anaerobic metabolism in human skeletal muscle during short-term, intense activity." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-023.

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The ability of human skeletal muscle to provide anaerobically derived ATP during short-term, intense activity is examined. The paper emphasizes the information obtained from direct measurements of substrates, intermediates, and products of the pathways in muscle that provide anaerobically derived ATP. The capacity of muscle to provide ATP via anaerobic pathways is ~370 mmol/kg dry muscle (dm) during dynamic exercise lasting ~3 min. Anaerobic glycolysis provided ~80%, phosphocreatine (PCr) degradation ~16%, and depletion of the ATP store ~4% of the total ATP provided. When the blood flow to the working muscles is reduced or occluded, the anaerobic capacity decreases to ~300 mmol/kg dm. This reduction is due to a lower glycolytic capacity associated with an inability to remove lactate from the muscles. Directly measured maximal rates of anaerobically derived ATP provision from PCr degradation and glycolysis during intense muscular activity are each ~9–10 mmol∙kg−1 dm∙s−1. Evidence suggests that both of these pathways are activated instantaneously at the onset of maximal activity. Spring training does little to the capacity or rates of the pathways, although a 10–20% increase in glycolytic ATP provision has been reported. The only study comparing direct and indirect estimates of the anaerobic capacity in humans suggests that O2 deficit measured at the mouth accurately predicts the anaerobic capacity of a single muscle group and that O2 debt does not. There are many unresolved issues regarding the capacity of the PCr and glycogenolytic–glycolytic systems to provide ATP during short-term intense muscular activity in humans. Considerable effort is now being directed to understanding the in vivo regulation of the regulatory and flux-generating glycogenolytic enzyme, phosphorylase.Key words: glycogenosis, glycolysis, phosphocreatine, ATP, sprinting.

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BACHARACH, DAVID W., and SERGE PETELIN von DUVILLARD. "Intermediate and long-term anaerobic performance of elite Alpine skiers." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, no. 3 (March 1995): 305???309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199503000-00003.

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Matthews, A., L. Russell, and C. Carpinella. "Weather-normalized intermediate term capacity forecasting: a procedural innovation." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 3, no. 3 (August 1988): 1291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.14594.

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Oriishi, Marie, Takeo Matsubayashi, Takashi Kawahara, and Yasuhiro Suzuki. "Short-term Hypoxic Exposure And Training Improve Anaerobic Capacity In Long Sprinters." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000494454.98030.6d.

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Donoso-Bravo, Andres, Sara Pérez-Elvira, Alain Vande Wouwer, and Fernando Fdz-Polanco. "Long-term hydrolytic capacity evaluation of a thermophilic anaerobic digester treating sewage sludge." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 11 (December 1, 2012): 2378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.408.

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This study presents an evaluation of the hydrolytic activity of a continuous thermophilic anaerobic reactor in long-term operation. The hydrolytic coefficient was estimated by fitting a three-reaction model of the anaerobic digestion process with experimental data obtained from a pilot thermophilic digester operated for about 2 years. The model fitting and the cross-validation indicate that this model can represent the behavior of the system in a proper way; moreover, the results show a variation of the hydrolytic capacity of the system throughout the evaluation period. The increase in the hydrolytic coefficient is in agreement with the increase in the organic load applied to the reactor, which shows the capacity of the continuous reactor to select populations according to the input conditions of the system.

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Hamdan, Rami Abou, Andy Schumann, Marco Herbsleb, Marcus Schmidt, Georg Rose, Karl-Jürgen Bär, and Holger Gabriel. "Determining cardiac vagal threshold from short term heart rate complexity." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2016-0036.

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AbstractEvaluating individual aerobic exercise capacity is fundamental in sports and exercise medicine but associated with organizational and instrumental effort. Here, we extract an index related to common performance markers, the aerobic and anaerobic thresholds enabling the estimation of exercise capacity from a conventional sports watch supporting beatwise heart rate tracking. Therefore, cardiac vagal threshold (CVT) was determined in 19 male subjects performing an incremental maximum exercise test. CVT varied around the anaerobic threshold AnT with mean deviation of 7.9 ± 17.7 W. A high correspondence of the two thresholds was indicated by Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement −27.5 W and 43.4 W. Additionally, CVT was strongly correlated AnT (rp = 0.86, p < 0.001) and reproduced this marker well (rc = 0.81). We conclude, that cardiac vagal threshold derived from compression entropy time course can be useful to assess physical fitness in an uncomplicated way.

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Tsao, Pei-Chun, Kuo-Wei Tseng, Hung-Wen Cheng, Yu-Lin Ning, and Chin-Fang Wang. "Effects Of Short Term Intermittent Exercise On Aerobic And Anaerobic Capacity In Judo Athletes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000478918.04254.6c.

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Acar, M. E., D. Bayraktar, S. Gucenmez, D. C. Saraç, N. Buker, U. Z. Kocak, D. Solmaz, and S. Akar. "AB0862-HPR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANAEROBIC EXERCISE CAPACITY AND LOWER EXTREMITY FUNCTIONALITY IN PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1454.2–1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2380.

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Background:Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an auto-inflammatory disease commonly affects people from Mediterranean basin. It is characterized by acute self-limiting inflammatory attacks of serous membranes. The disease is commonly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms of lower extremities such as arthritis, exercise induced leg pain, as well as protracted febrile myalgia. The term of anaerobic exercise capacity describes the ability of performing quick and explosive tasks such as stair climbing and brisk walking. It is well known that anaerobic exercise capacity is closely related to functional status.Objectives:To assess the relationship between anaerobic exercise capacity and lower extremity functionality in patients with FMF.Methods:Twenty-eight FMF patients (57% female) were included in the study. Median age was 33.5 (IQR 25/75: 23.3/44.3) years, median body mass index was 24.3 (IQR 25/75: 21.0/27.8) kg/m2, median time since symptom onset was 20.0 (IQR 25/75: 11.5/24.5) years, median time since diagnosis was 10.0 (IQR 25/75: 3.75/17.5) years, and median colchicine dosage was 1.5 (IQR 25/75: 1.0/1.5) mg/day. Anaerobic exercise capacity was measured with Wingate Anaerobic Test by using a cycle ergometer. Peak power (watt/kg) and average power (watt/kg) were calculated. Stair climbing, standing from a chair, and walking were assessed by using 9-step stair climb test, 10-repetition chair stand test, and 6-minute walking distance, respectively. Spearman’s rank-order correlation test was used to analyse the relationships between anaerobic exercise capacity and lower extremity functional tests.Results:The results of the anaerobic exercise capacity and lower extremity functional test scores of patients with FMF were summarized in table 1. Moderate relationships were found between both peak and average anaerobic exercise capacities and lower extremity functional status tests (Table 1, p<0.05). Six-minute walking distance has the strongest association with both peak (rho: .672, p<0.001) and average (rho: .689, p<0.001) anaerobic exercise capacity.Table 1.Anaerobic exercise capacity scores and lower extremity functionality as well as the relationships between anaerobic capacity and functional tests in patient with familial Mediterranean fever.CharacteristicsMedian (IQR 25/75)(n:28)The correlation results, rho, p valuesPeak Power(watt/kg)Average Power (watt/kg)9-step stair climb test (seconds)5.7 (5.1/6.4)-.590*-.648*p:0.001p: 0.00110-repetition chair stand test (seconds)16.6 (13.7/18.7)-.493*-.476*p:0.008p:0.0106-minute walking distance (meters)594.1 (551.1/643.3).672*.689*p<0.001p<0.001Peak power (watt/kg)5.8 (4.1/7.9)Average power (watt/kg)4.6 (3.1/5.9)IQR 25/75: Interquartile range between 25th and 75th percentiles; kg: kilograms, *Spearman’s rank-order correlation test, p<0.05.Conclusion:According to our results, anaerobic exercise capacity is related to lower extremity functional status in patients with FMF. Improving anaerobic capacity by using optimal rehabilitation programs including speed and agility exercises may help to improve anaerobic exercise capacity, and consequently lower extremity functionality in those patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Pun˜al, A., and J. M. Lema. "Anaerobic treatment of Wastewater from a fish-canning factory in a full-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 8 (October 1, 1999): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0385.

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The start-up and optimisation of a 380 m3 UASB reactor (Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) treating wastewater from a fish-canning factory was carried out. At the beginning of the operation the Organic Loading Rate (OLR) was 1 kg COD/m3·d. Then, the load was gradually increased in steps of 50% OLR until the final capacity of the system (4 kg COD/m3·d) was achieved. Wastewater characteristics were highly dependent on the canned product (mussel, tuna, sardines, etc.). In spite of that, a stable operation working at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days was maintained. Total Alkalinity (TA) always presented values higher than 3 g CaCO3/l, while the IA/TA ratio (Intermediate Alalinity/Total Alkalinity) was always maintained lower than 0.3. In order to improve granulation conditions, upward velocities from 0.5 to 0.8 m/h were applied. The highest values caused the washout of non-granulated biomass from the reactor, optimum operation being achieved at an upward velocity of 0.7 m/h.

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Kim, Jung Hoon, and Ho Sung Nho. "The Effects of Short Term Anaerobic Interval Training on Endurance Capacity in Untrained College Students." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 31 (November 30, 2007): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2007.11.31.953.

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Eschbach, Martin, Kerstin Schreiber, Katharina Trunk, Jan Buer, Dieter Jahn, and Max Schobert. "Long-Term Anaerobic Survival of the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Pyruvate Fermentation." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 14 (July 15, 2004): 4596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.14.4596-4604.2004.

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ABSTRACT Denitrification and arginine fermentation are central metabolic processes performed by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa during biofilm formation and infection of lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Genome-wide searches for additional components of the anaerobic metabolism identified potential genes for pyruvate-metabolizing NADH-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA), phosphotransacetylase (pta), and acetate kinase (ackA). While pyruvate fermentation alone does not sustain significant anaerobic growth of P. aeruginosa, it provides the bacterium with the metabolic capacity for long-term survival of up to 18 days. Detected conversion of pyruvate to lactate and acetate is dependent on the presence of intact ldhA and ackA-pta loci, respectively. DNA microarray studies in combination with reporter gene fusion analysis and enzyme activity measurements demonstrated the anr- and ihfA-dependent anaerobic induction of the ackA-pta promoter. Potential Anr and integration host factor binding sites were localized. Pyruvate-dependent anaerobic long-term survival was found to be significantly reduced in anr and ihfA mutants. No obvious ldhA regulation by oxygen tension was observed. Pyruvate fermentation is pH dependent. Nitrate respiration abolished pyruvate fermentation, while arginine fermentation occurs independently of pyruvate utilization.

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ZENG, Yunmin, Li'ao WANG, Tengtun XU, Xue SONG, and Yanze YANG. "Performance of an intermediate soil cover for landfill sites." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800052x.

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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to improve the performance of an intermediate covering of soils in landfill sites by using agents such as calcined lime, sawdust and polyacrylamide (PAM). Compressive strength, permeability and water-holding capacity of modified soils were measured, and the effects of regulating pH and pollutant removal in leachate were also investigated in a leaching experiment. The results indicate that three modifying agents could improve the compressive strength of an intermediate soil cover. The permeability of lime-treated soil increased as the amount of lime increased, while that of sawdust- and PAM-modified soil declined. Results from a leaching experiment show that lime- and sawdust-modified soils could improve leachate quality. The pH value of leachate from 5% lime-modified soils was 7.78, which is suitable for the metabolism of anaerobic microorganisms. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and volatile fatty acids in leachate permeating lime- and sawdust-modified intermediate cover was improved so that the pollution load of leachate was reduced. The water-holding capacities for 20% sawdust and 0.5% PAM-modified soils were 65.19% and 43.52%, respectively, which helps to maintain the optimum water content of landfill. The water-holding capacity of PAM-modified samples declined in alkaline soil. It is concluded that the combination of 5% sawdust, 5% lime and 90% soil would be optimal for an intermediate covering layer.

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Heiberg, Johan, Sussie Laustsen, Annemette K. Petersen, and Vibeke E. Hjortdal. "Reduced long-term exercise capacity in young adults operated for ventricular septal defect." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 2 (November 21, 2013): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951113002084.

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AbstractBackgroundVentricular septal defects are normally closed in early childhood, and post-surgically the patients are considered as healthy and fit as their peers. However, data are inconsistent. We exercise-tested a cohort of ventricular septal defect-operated patients and a group of matched controls to evaluate long-term physical fitness.MethodsCardiopulmonary exercise capacity was tested on an ergometer cycle in 30 patients and 30 healthy age and gender-matched controls. Pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange were simultaneously measured breath-by-breath with Jaeger MasterScreen CPX® (CareFusion, San Diego, United States of America). During the test session, respiratory gas exchange was measured along with heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram. The endpoints were peak oxygen uptake, maximal workload, and ventilatory anaerobic threshold. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the SF-36 were applied for Health-Related Quality-of-Life assessment.ResultsVentricular septal defect-operated adults had a markedly lower peak oxygen uptake: mean 38.0(±8.2 ml O2/kg/minute) versus 47.9(±6.5 ml O2/kg/minute) in controls, p<0.01. Furthermore, ventilatory anaerobic threshold was impaired in ventricular septal defect patients: mean 25.3(±7.8 ml O2/kg/minute) versus 35.2(±7.7 ml O2/kg/minute) in controls, p<0.01. Maximal workload was reduced: mean 3.3(±0.7 W/kg) versus 4.0(±0.5 W/kg) in the control group, p<0.01. Lastly, ventricular septal defect patients had a significantly lower peak heart rate: mean 182(±8.8 beats/minute) versus 188(±9.0 beats/minute) in controls, p=0.03. Regarding Health-Related Quality of Life, the ventricular septal defect group had significantly lower scores in physical functioning, role physical, and social functioning.ConclusionYoung adults with a surgically closed ventricular septal defect had a markedly reduced cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and a lower peak heart rate compared with controls.

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Suzuki, Yasuhiro, Akiko Kamei, and Takashi Kawahara. "Short-term Simulated Altitude Training Camp Using Normobaric Hypoxia Swimming Pool Improve Aerobic And Anaerobic Capacity." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000494452.13278.53.

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Nickel, S., W. Süß, C. Lorentz, and A. Trojan. "Long-term evaluation of community health promotion: using capacity building as an intermediate outcome measure." Public Health 162 (September 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.05.008.

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Zhang, Tian, Pier-Luc Tremblay, Akhilesh Kumar Chaurasia, Jessica A. Smith, Timothy S. Bain, and Derek R. Lovley. "Anaerobic Benzene Oxidation via Phenol in Geobacter metallireducens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 24 (October 4, 2013): 7800–7806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03134-13.

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ABSTRACTAnaerobic activation of benzene is expected to represent a novel biochemistry of environmental significance. Therefore, benzene metabolism was investigated inGeobacter metallireducens, the only genetically tractable organism known to anaerobically degrade benzene. Trace amounts (<0.5 μM) of phenol accumulated in cultures ofGeobacter metallireducensanaerobically oxidizing benzene to carbon dioxide with the reduction of Fe(III). Phenol was not detected in cell-free controls or in Fe(II)- and benzene-containing cultures ofGeobacter sulfurreducens, aGeobacterspecies that cannot metabolize benzene. The phenol produced inG. metallireducenscultures was labeled with18O during growth in H218O, as expected for anaerobic conversion of benzene to phenol. Analysis of whole-genome gene expression patterns indicated that genes for phenol metabolism were upregulated during growth on benzene but that genes for benzoate or toluene metabolism were not, further suggesting that phenol was an intermediate in benzene metabolism. Deletion of the genes for PpsA or PpcB, subunits of two enzymes specifically required for the metabolism of phenol, removed the capacity for benzene metabolism. These results demonstrate that benzene hydroxylation to phenol is an alternative to carboxylation for anaerobic benzene activation and suggest that this may be an important metabolic route for benzene removal in petroleum-contaminated groundwaters, in whichGeobacterspecies are considered to play an important role in anaerobic benzene degradation.

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Mijaylova-Nacheva, P., and A. Canul-Chuil. "Anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds using packed bed reactors." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 10 (November 1, 2006): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.878.

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The feasibility of anaerobic packed bed reactors with tezontle (volcanic stone widely available in Mexico) and mineral granular activated carbon (GAC) was explored for the degradation of the main chlorinated aliphatic compounds present in the effluent from chemical industry for ethylene and polyvinyl chloride production. The biofilm on the support materials was developed using as inoculums anaerobic sludge. The biodegradation of the halogenated aliphatic compounds (1,2-dichloroethane; 1,1,1-trichloroethane; trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride) was possible without addition of external electron donors. High COD removal was obtained in the reactors with both materials. The use of GAC as a biomass support allows a complete biodegradation of the chlorinated aliphatic compounds at organic loads up to 1.24 kgCOD.m−3.d−1, with 94% of COD removal and with a biodegradation rate of 2.062 gCOD.kgGAC−1.d−1. The reactor with tezontle also had high biodegradation capacity, but the biodegradation of the 1,1-dichloroethene, which appeared as intermediate product, was not reached at the required level in the studied range of organic loads.

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Wilén, Britt-Marie, and Peter Balmér. "Short term effects of dissolved oxygen concentration on the turbidity of the supernatant of activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0168.

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Short term effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the supernatant turbidity of activated sludge were studied in batch reactors, continuous reactors and in a full scale plant. Adsorption of colloidal material onto activated sludge was studied in batch reactors. The adsorption capacity of colloidal material, expressed as removal of turbidity, was larger in aerobic than in anaerobic conditions. The difference in adsorption capacity between high (≥5 mg/l) and low (<0.5 mg/l) DO concentrations was small. Experiments were made in pilot scale completely mixed reactors where the oxygen supply was turned off during different periods of length (1-4 hours). The turbidity increased directly when the anaerobic period started and decreased when the aerobic period started. Similar results were obtained when the influent was turned off. A few full scale experiments were carried out. The aerators were adjusted to change the DO concentration along the aeration tank (plug flow) for periods of 3-6 hours. Low DO concentrations by the end of the aeration tank produced a turbidity increase of the effluent, while low DO concentrations in the first half of the aeration tank did not affect the turbidity to a large extent.

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Rodriguez-Castellano, Luis, Lucía del R. Martínez, Carmen Nevárez, and Victor Bonilla. "Effects Of An Alkalizing Supplement On Power, Anaerobic Capacity And Blood Lactate During Short-term Maximal Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485778.81990.b5.

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Schmidt, W. Daniel, Gerald C. Hyner, Roseann M. Lyle, Donald Corrigan, Gerald Bottoms, and Christopher L. Melby. "The Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Conditioning on Resting Metabolic Rate and the Thermic Effect of a Meal." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 4, no. 4 (December 1994): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.4.4.335.

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This study examined resting metabolic rate (RMR) and thermic effect of a meal (TEM) among athletes who had participated in long-term anaerobic or aerobic exercise. Nine collegiate wrestlers were matched for age, weight, and fat-free weight with 9 collegiate swimmers. Preliminary testing included maximal oxygen consumption, maximal anaerobic capacity (MAnC) for both the arms and the legs, and percent body fat. On two separate occasions, RMR and TEM were measured using indirect calorimetry.was significantly higher in the swimmers while MAnC was significantly higher in the wrestlers for both the arms and the legs. RMR adjusted for fat-free weight was not significantly different between groups. The differences in total and percentage of TEM between the groups were not statistically significant, and there were no differences in baseline thyroid hormones. These data suggest that despite significant differences inand WAnT values following long-term aerobic and anaerobic exercise training, resting energy expenditure does not differ between these college athletes.

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James, Lachlan P., G. Gregory Haff, Vincent G. Kelly, and Emma M. Beckman. "Physiological determinants of mixed martial arts performance and method of competition outcome." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 6 (June 3, 2018): 978–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118780303.

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This investigation sought to determine the relevance of anaerobic and aerobic-based measures to competition level and bout outcome in mixed martial arts competitors. For the primary analysis, seven higher-level and eight lower-level male mixed martial arts competitors were compared across a series of short-term anaerobic (sprints at 10 and 20 m), repeated maximal effort (repeated sprint ability), and intermittent aerobic tests (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 2)). For the secondary analysis, data were then pooled so relationships could be explored between test performance and percentage of bouts reaching a decision. Cohen's d effect sizes and qualitative magnitude-based inferences were calculated to describe the differences between groups. These same descriptors were used to interpret the output of the regression analysis used to predict decision percentage. Superior performances by the higher-level group were revealed across most variables to a non-trivial magnitude. Furthermore, it was likely that a decrease in short-term anaerobic performance or an increase in intermittent endurance capacity positively related to an increased likelihood of bouts lasting the full scheduled duration. These findings indicate the importance of anaerobic and aerobic qualities to mixed martial arts performance and combat methods.

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Jia-Meng, Wang, Chen Qian, and Hyun-Chul Cho. "Long-term Effect of Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Training on Anaerobic Capacity, Body Composition and Leg Circumference of Women Basket Ball Players According to Playing Position." Korean Journal of Sports Science 28, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 1031–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2019.08.28.4.1031.

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Feldman, H., X. Flores-Alsina, P. Ramin, K. Kjellberg, U. Jeppsson, D. J. Batstone, and K. V. Gernaey. "Assessing the effects of intra-granule precipitation in a full-scale industrial anaerobic digester." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 7 (April 1, 2019): 1327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.129.

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Abstract In this paper, a multi-scale model is used to assess the multiple mineral precipitation potential in a full-scale anaerobic granular sludge system. Reactor behaviour is analysed under different operational conditions (addition/no addition of reject water from dewatering of lime-stabilized biomass) and periods of time (short/long term). Model predictions suggest that a higher contribution of reject water promotes the risk of intra-granule CaCO3 formation as a result of the increased quantity of calcium arriving with that stream combined with strong pH gradients within the biofilm. The distribution of these precipitates depends on: (i) reactor height; and (ii) granule size. The study also exposes the potential undesirable effects of the long-term addition of reject water (a decrease in energy recovery of 20% over a 100-day period), caused by loss in biomass activity (due to microbial displacement), and the reduced buffer capacity. This demonstrates how both short-term and long-term operational conditions may affect the formation of precipitates within anaerobic granules, and how it may influence methane production and consequently energy recovery.

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Klauss, V., W. Zwehl, H. Mudra, R. Huber, R. Schmidt, M. Scheininger, A. Vogler, O. Tschaidse, H. A. Dieterich, and K. Theisen. "Short-term effects of oral enoximone on hemodynamics, exercise capacity, anaerobic threshold, and arrhythmias in congestive heart failure." Klinische Wochenschrift 69, no. 10 (July 1991): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01666828.

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Alferes, J., J. L. García-Heras, E. Roca, C. García, and I. Irizar. "Integration of equalisation tanks within control strategies for anaerobic reactors. Validation based on ADM1 simulations." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 5 (April 1, 2008): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.104.

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The combination of equalisation tanks and anaerobic digesters represents a typical design scenario within the treatment of industrial wastewaters. In this context, if the hydraulic capacity of the equalisation tanks is effectively handled, significant improvements in the performance of anaerobic digesters can be achieved in terms of process stability and biogas production. This paper presents a rule-based control strategy for anaerobic reactors with the objective of maximising in the long-term the net production of biogas. The control algorithm combines real-time information about the state of the anaerobic digester with on-line measurements about the wastewater volume of the equalisation tank in order to set permanently the appropriate production of biogas. Such a strategy guarantees a continuous influent flow so that emptying and overflowing episodes in the equalisation tank can be prevented. Aiming at a further full-scale implementation, only reliable and cost-effective on-line instrumentation has been considered within the control architecture. The performance of the proposed control approach has been validated for an anaerobic hybrid configuration (AHR) by simulation using the IWA ADM1 model.

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Franca, R. D. G., J. Ortigueira, H. M. Pinheiro, and N. D. Lourenço. "Effect of SBR feeding strategy and feed composition on the stability of aerobic granular sludge in the treatment of a simulated textile wastewater." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 5 (May 20, 2017): 1188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.300.

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Treatment of the highly polluting and variable textile industry wastewater using aerobic granular sludge (AGS) sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) has been recently suggested. Aiming to develop this technology application, two feeding strategies were compared regarding the capacity of anaerobic–aerobic SBRs to deal with disturbances in the composition of the simulated textile wastewater feed. Both a statically fed, anaerobic–aerobic SBR and an anaerobic plug-flow fed, anaerobic–aerobic SBR could cope with shocks of high azo dye concentration and organic load, the overall chemical oxygen demand and color removal yields being rapidly restored to 80%. Yet, subsequent azo dye metabolite bioconversion was not observed, along the 315-day run. Moreover, switching from a starch-based substrate to acetate in the feed composition deteriorated AGS stability. Overall, the plug-flow fed SBR recovered more rapidly from the imposed disturbances. Further research is needed towards guaranteeing long-term AGS stability during the treatment of textile wastewater.

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Redpath, Tara D., Steven J. Cooke, Cory D. Suski, Robert Arlinghaus, Patrice Couture, David H. Wahl, and David P. Philipp. "The metabolic and biochemical basis of vulnerability to recreational angling after three generations of angling-induced selection in a teleost fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 12 (December 2010): 1983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-120.

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Although the selective pressures of commercial fishing are well known, few studies have examined this phenomenon in recreational fisheries. This study used a unique population of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) with lines bred for low (LVF) and high (HVF) vulnerability to recreational angling. We evaluated whether differential vulnerability to angling was correlated with physiological traits, including metabolic rate, metabolic scope, anaerobic capacity, and biochemical response to exercise. Indeed, angling selection affected the metabolic rate of fish significantly. The standard metabolic rate was 10%, maximal metabolic rate was 14%, and metabolic scope was 16% lower for LVF compared with HVF. Following exhaustive exercise, LVF required 1 h for lactate levels to recover to control values, whereas HVF required 2 h. Anaerobic energy expenditure was significantly lower for LVF, a finding consistent with the observation that LVF swam at a steadier rate during exercise. Although the reasons behind vulnerability to angling are complex, the phenotypic trait “vulnerability to angling” appears to be linked to a suite of physiological traits, including metabolism and the capacity for anaerobic activity. Thus, angling-induced selection might alter the physiological characteristics of wild largemouth bass populations, with unknown outcomes for long-term population viability.

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KORMOS, JUDIT, and ANNA SÁFÁR. "Phonological short-term memory, working memory and foreign language performance in intensive language learning." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 11, no. 2 (July 2008): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728908003416.

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In our research we addressed the question what the relationship is between phonological short-term and working memory capacity and performance in an end-of-year reading, writing, listening, speaking and use of English test. The participants of our study were 121 secondary school students aged 15–16 in the first intensive language training year of a bilingual education program in Hungary. The participants performed a non-word repetition test and took a Cambridge First Certificate Exam. Fifty students were also tested with a backward digit span test, measuring their working memory capacity. Our study indicates that phonological short-term memory capacity plays a different role in the case of beginners and pre-intermediate students in intensive language learning. The backward digit span test correlated very highly with the overall English language competence, as well as with reading, listening, speaking and use of English (vocabulary and grammar) test scores.

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O'Reilly, Megan, Po-Yin Cheung, Khalid Aziz, and Georg M. Schmölzer. "Short- and Intermediate-Term Outcomes of Preterm Infants Receiving Positive Pressure Ventilation in the Delivery Room." Critical Care Research and Practice 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/715915.

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Although recent advances in neonatal care have improved survival rates, rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia remain unchanged. Although neonatologists are increasingly applying gentle ventilation strategies in the neonatal intensive care unit, the same emphasis has not been applied immediately after birth. A lung-protective strategy should start with the first breath to help in the establishment of functional residual capacity, facilitate gas exchange, and reduce volutrauma and atelectotrauma. This paper will discuss techniques and equipment during breathing assistance in the delivery room.

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Grinenko, Tatyana, Kathrin Arndt, Melanie Portz, Nicole Mende, Marko Günther, Kadriye Nehir Cosgun, Dimitra Alexopoulou, et al. "Clonal expansion capacity defines two consecutive developmental stages of long-term hematopoietic stem cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 211, no. 2 (January 20, 2014): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20131115.

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Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs [LT-HSCs]) are well known to display unpredictable differences in their clonal expansion capacities after transplantation. Here, by analyzing the cellular output after transplantation of stem cells differing in surface expression levels of the Kit receptor, we show that LT-HSCs can be systematically subdivided into two subtypes with distinct reconstitution behavior. LT-HSCs expressing intermediate levels of Kit receptor (Kitint) are quiescent in situ but proliferate extensively after transplantation and therefore repopulate large parts of the recipient’s hematopoietic system. In contrast, metabolically active Kithi LT-HSCs display more limited expansion capacities and show reduced but robust levels of repopulation after transfer. Transplantation into secondary and tertiary recipient mice show maintenance of efficient repopulation capacities of Kitint but not of Kithi LT-HSCs. Initiation of differentiation is marked by the transit from Kitint to Kithi HSCs, both of which precede any other known stem cell population.

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김광준 and 허기주. "Effects on Electro-Chemical Screen and Anaerobic Exercise Capacity Caused by Short-Term Weight Loss in Amateur Boxing Players." Korean Journal of Sport Science 25, no. 2 (June 2014): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2014.25.2.215.

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Di Prampero, P. E., C. Capelli, P. Pagliaro, G. Antonutto, M. Girardis, P. Zamparo, and R. G. Soule. "Energetics of best performances in middle-distance running." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 2318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.5.2318.

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Oxygen consumption (VO2) and blood lactate concentration were determined during constant-speed track running on 16 runners of intermediate level competing in middle distances (0.8–5.0 km). The energy cost of track running per unit distance (Cr) was then obtained from the ratio of steady-state VO2, corrected for lactate production, to speed; it was found to be independent of speed, its overall mean being 3.72 +/- 0.24 J.kg-1 x m-1 (n = 58; 1 ml O2 = 20.9 J). Maximal VO2 (VO2max) was also measured on the same subjects. Theoretical record times were then calculated for each distance and subject and compared with actual seasonal best performances as follows. The maximal metabolic power (Er max) a subject can maintain in running is a known function of VO2max and maximal anaerobic capacity and of the effort duration to exhaustion (te). Er max was then calculated as a function of te from VO2max, assuming a standard value for maximal anaerobic capacity. The metabolic power requirement (Er) necessary to cover a given distance (d) was calculated as a function of performance time (t) from the product Crdt-1 = Er. The time values that solve the equality Er max(te) = Er(t), assumed to yield the theoretical best t, were obtained by an iterative procedure for any given subject and distance and compared with actual records.

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Reidy, S. P., S. R. Kerr, and J. A. Nelson. "Aerobic and anaerobic swimming performance of individual Atlantic cod." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 2 (January 15, 2000): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.2.347.

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Individual Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exercised using three different measures of swimming performance. (1) An endurance test (critical swimming speed, U(crit), protocol) designed to assess predominantly aerobic endurance swimming (duration hours). (2) An acceleration test (U(burst)), in which the fish were required to swim against a rapidly increasing current until exhausted (duration minutes). This test was designed to assess predominantly glycolytic-based swimming capacity. (3) A sprint test that examined the animals' ability to swim away from a sudden stimulus (duration seconds). Rates of oxygen consumption (mdot (O2)) during the endurance test and various morphological variables of the individual fish were also measured. Both aerobic and anaerobic swimming performance of individual cod were found to be significantly repeatable over a 3 month period. mdot (O2) during the U(crit) protocol was also significantly repeatable at intermediate to high swimming speeds, but not at low speeds. Our results support extrapolation from metabolic rates at incremented swimming speeds to zero activity as the best way to measure standard metabolic rate in cod. While performance in the U(crit) test and the sprint test were positively correlated, there was a negative correlation between performance in the U(crit) test and performance in the U(burst) test. This implies a potential trade-off in individual cod between stamina and the ability to use glycolytic-based locomotion. Inter-individual variation in swimming performance during these protocols, while substantial, was not correlated with individual variation in fin surface areas, age or morphology. However, U(burst) performance was dependent upon the sex of the animals, while performance during the U(crit) protocol was significantly correlated with their aerobic scope for activity.

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Zota, Ioana Mădălina, Cristian Stătescu, Radu Andy Sascău, Mihai Roca, Radu Sebastian Gavril, Teodor Flaviu Vasilcu, Daniela Boișteanu, et al. "CPAP Effect on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Performance in Patients with Moderate-Severe OSA and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities." Medicina 56, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56020080.

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Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with daytime somnolence, cognitive impairment and high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obesity, associated cardiovascular comorbidities, accelerated erythropoiesis and muscular mitochondrial energetic dysfunctions negatively influence exercise tolerance in moderate-severe OSA patients. The cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) offers an integrated assessment of the individual’s aerobic capacity and helps distinguish the main causes of exercise limitation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the aerobic capacity of OSA patients, before and after short-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Materials and Methods: Our prospective study included 64 patients with newly diagnosed moderate-severe OSA (apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 39.96 ± 19.04 events/h) who underwent CPET before and after CPAP. Thirteen patients were unable to tolerate CPAP or were lost during follow-up. Results: 49.29% of our patients exhibited a moderate or severe decrease in functional capacity (Weber C or D). CPET performance was influenced by gender but not by apnea severity. Eight weeks of CPAP induced significant improvements in maximal exercise load (Δ = 14.23 W, p = 0.0004), maximum oxygen uptake (Δ = 203.87 mL/min, p = 0.004), anaerobic threshold (Δ = 316.4 mL/min, p = 0.001), minute ventilation (Δ = 5.1 L/min, p = 0.01) and peak oxygen pulse (Δ = 2.46, p = 0.007) as well as a decrease in basal metabolic rate (BMR) (Δ = −8.3 kCal/24 h, p = 0.04) and average Epworth score (Δ = −4.58 points, p < 0.000001). Conclusions: Patients with moderate-severe OSA have mediocre functional capacity. Apnea severity (AHI) was correlated with basal metabolic rate, resting heart rate and percent predicted maximum effort but not with anaerobic threshold or maximum oxygen uptake. Although CPET performance was similar in the two apnea severity subgroups, short-term CPAP therapy significantly improved most CPET parameters, suggesting that OSA per se has a negative influence on effort capacity.

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King, Susan, Michael Schwalb, David Giard, Joann Whalen, and Suzelle Barrington. "Effect of ISPAD Anaerobic Digestion on Ammonia Volatilization from Soil Applied Swine Manure." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/848612.

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Swine manure subjected to in-storage psychrophilic anaerobic digestion (ISPAD) undergoes proteins degradation but limited NH3volatilization, producing an effluent rich in plant-available nitrogen. Accordingly, ISPAD effluent can offer a higher fertilizer value during land application, as compared to manure of similar age stored in an open tank. However, this additional nitrogen can also be lost by volatilization during land application. The objective of this study was therefore to measure NH3volatilization from both ISPAD and open tank swine manures when applied to 5 different soils, namely, washed sand, a Ste Rosalie clay, an Upland sandy loam, a St Bernard loam, and an Ormstown loam. This research was conducted using laboratory wind tunnels simulating land application. The five experimental soils offered similar pH values but different water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, cation saturation, and organic matter. After 47 h of wind tunnel monitoring, the % of total available nitrogen (TAN orNH4 +and NH3) volatilized varied with both manure and soil type. For all soil types, the ISPAD manure consistently lost less NH3as compared to the open tank manure, averaging 53% less. Lower volatile solids content improving manure infiltration into the soil and a more complex ionic solution explain the effect of the ISPAD manure advantages. This was reinforced by the St Bernard sandy loam losing the same nitrogen mass for both manures, because of its higher pH and buffer pH coupled with an intermediate CEC resulting in more soil solution NH3. Within each manure type, % TAN volatilized was highest for washed sand and lowest for the clay soil. As a result, ISPAD manure can offer up to 21% more plant-available nitrogen fertilizer especially when the manure is not incorporated into the soil following its application.

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Yang, W., J. Vollertsen, and T. Hvitved-Jacobsen. "Anoxic sulfide oxidation in wastewater of sewer networks." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0076.

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Investigations on anoxic sulfide oxidation in wastewater under sewer conditions are presented. Batch tests were designed and conducted to study both chemical and biological sulfide oxidation by nitrate in the water phase. Oxidation at pH 7.0 and 8.5 was performed in parallel and wastewater with anaerobic storage period of 0, 3, 4, 6 days was used. Initial sulfide concentrations at a level of 0–4.1 g S m−3 were applied by either addition or sulfate reduction. Results showed that wastewater in sewers was capable of biological, but not chemical, sulfide oxidation under anoxic conditions. Elemental sulfur was the end-product during the experiment. Nitrite accumulates in wastewater as an intermediate. The anoxic oxidation rates for fresh wastewater was 0.48 g S m−3 h−1 at pH 7.0 and 0.62 g S m−3 h−1 at pH 8.5, which accounted for less than 30% of the potential aerobic oxidation rates. A long-term anaerobic adaptation of the wastewater was found to inhibit the oxidation process.

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Murillo-Garcia, David R., Julian Galindo, Natalia Pinto, Gabriel Motoa, Esther Benamu, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Daniel B. Chastain, and Andrés F. Henao-Martínez. "Anaerobic Bacteremias in Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Advanced Heart Failure." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2019 (December 19, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7571606.

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Left ventricular assisted devices (LVADs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced heart failure, providing meaningful increases in survival, functional capacity, and quality of life. There are two categories of LVADs patients: (1) bridge-to-transplant and (2) destination therapy. Advanced heart failure and destination LVADs often carry a poor prognosis. The overall 1-year mortality rate remains as high as 30%. LVAD-specific infections, LVAD-related infections, and non-LVAD-related infections represent important emerging clinical problems in this setting. With an incidence ranging from 30 to 50%, these lead to high rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Bacteremias caused by anaerobic pathogens in patients with LVAD are underreported. Herein, we describe the microbiological findings, treatment, and clinical outcome of four patients with LVADs and advanced heart failure with anaerobic bacteremias. Fusobacterium species was the most frequent etiological agent. Most patients had a relatively favorable short-term outcome with survival rates of 100% at 30 days and of 50% at 90 days. However, due to other multiple long-term complications, overall mortality remains at 50% during the first year and increases to 75% beyond the first year. Anaerobic bacteremia sources included the oral cavity from odontogenic infections and aspiration pneumonia. Anaerobic bacteremia constitutes an unfavorable mortality prognostic factor in patients with destination LVADs. We recommend implementing preventive strategies with a comprehensive dental care evaluation in patients with LVADs and advanced heart failure.

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Östblom, Anna, Ingegerd Adlerberth, Agnes E. Wold, and Forough L. Nowrouzian. "Pathogenicity Island Markers, Virulence DeterminantsmalXandusp, and the Capacity ofEscherichia coliTo Persist in Infants' Commensal Microbiotas." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 7 (February 11, 2011): 2303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02405-10.

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ABSTRACTVirulence-associated genes in bacteria are often located on chromosomal regions, termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs). Several PAIs are found inEscherichia colistrains that cause extraintestinal infections, but their role in commensal bowel colonization is unknown. Resident strains are enriched in adhesins (P fimbriae and type 1 fimbriae), capsular antigens (K1 and K5), hemolysin, and aerobactin and mostly belong to phylogenetic group B2. Here, we investigated whether six pathogenicity islands and the virulence determinantsmalXanduspare associated with fitness ofE. coliin the infant bowel microbiota.E. colistrains isolated from stools of 130 Swedish infants during the first year of life were examined for their carriage of PAI markers,malX, anduspby PCR. Carriage was related to strain persistence: long-term colonizers (≥12 months) carried significantly more of PAI II from strain CFT703 (IICFT703), IV536,and IIJ96andmalXanduspthan intermediate colonizers (1 to 11 months) and transient strains (<3 weeks). The accumulation of PAI markers in each individual strain correlated positively with its time of persistence in the colon. Phylogenetic group B2 accounted for 69% of long-term colonizers, 46% of intermediate colonizers and 14% of transient strains. These results support the hypothesis that some bacterial traits contributing to extraintestinal infections have in fact evolved primarily because they increase the fitness ofE. coliin its natural niche, the colon; accordingly, they may be regarded as fitness islands in the gut.

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Greenwood, Mike, Jonathan Oliver, AR Jagim, AC Sanchez, K. Kelley, Elfego Galvan, James Fluckey, et al. "Effects of short-term ingestion of Russian tarragon prior to creatine monohydrate supplementation on anaerobic sprint capacity: a preliminary investigation." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 9, Suppl 1 (2012): P7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-s1-p7.

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Ascanio, Juan, Daniel Ospina-Delgado, Adnan Majid, Mihir Parikh, Alex Chee, Jennifer Wilson, and Sidhu Gangadharan. "COMPLICATIONS FROM TRACHEOBRONCHOPLASTY DO NOT ADVERSELY IMPACT SHORT- AND INTERMEDIATE-TERM RESPIRATORY QUALITY OF LIFE AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY OUTCOMES." Chest 158, no. 4 (October 2020): A66—A67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.095.

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Oliver, Jason P., Jenna E. Schueler, Curt A. Gooch, Stephanie Lansing, and Diana S. Aga. "Performance Quantification of Manure Management Systems at 11 Northeastern U.S. Dairy Farms." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 6 (2018): 973–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12863.

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Abstract. The performance of manure management systems, on a component-by-component basis, at 11 Northeastern U.S. dairy farm concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) was quantified by semi-continuous monitoring for 15 months. Each collaborating farm (CF) had one or more of the following: solid-liquid separation (SLS), separated solids(SS) treatment by lime, rotary drum processing and windrow composting, anaerobic treatment by anaerobic digestion (AD), lagoons, and long-term storage(s). Operational and performance metrics included: temperature, pH, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), loading rates, and biogas production. Generally, most CFs had functional and well-operating systems based on expected and optimal operating conditions and sample constituent changes, although, sampling and monitoring limitations restricted complete performance assessments. Despite the limitations, differences in treatment effectiveness were noted, which were often related to influent conditions. Higher SLS solids capture efficiencies (typ. > 40%), and biogas production rates (= 3.8 m3 d-1 lactating cow equivalents (LCE)-1), were associated with more concentrated manure slurry influents [TS > 0.050 g g-1 wet basis (w.b.)]. Anaerobic digester configuration and the use of co-substrates also influenced anaerobic treatments. Generally, intensively managed ADs outperformed passively managed lagoons, and co-digestion enhanced biogas production (= 4.3 m3 d-1 LCE-1) and VS reductions (up to 48% w.b.), though co-digestion sometimes hampered process stability. The effectiveness of SS processing was also treatment dependent, with well-managed windrows yielding the greatest increases in TS concentrations (up to 0.600 g g-1 w.b.). Long-term storage of manure slurry had modest, non-significant, impacts on TS and VS concentrations, and pH. This work illustrated a range of manure management systems used on NE dairy farm CAFOs, parameterized their treatment of manure slurries and SS, and established a baseline for additional studies aimed at the capacity of these systems to mitigate emerging contaminant like antibiotic residues. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Antimicrobial resistance, Biogas, Compost, Lime treatment, Long-term storage, Solid-liquid separation.

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Wierenga, Albertus T. J., Edo Vellenga, and Jan Jacob Schuringa. "Maximal STAT5-Induced Proliferation and Self-Renewal at Intermediate STAT5 Activity Levels." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 21 (September 8, 2008): 6668–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01025-08.

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ABSTRACT The level of transcription factor activity critically regulates cell fate decisions, such as hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation. We introduced STAT5A transcriptional activity into human HSCs/progenitor cells in a dose-dependent manner by overexpression of a tamoxifen-inducible STAT5A(1*6)-estrogen receptor fusion protein. Induction of STAT5A activity in CD34+ cells resulted in impaired myelopoiesis and induction of erythropoiesis, which was most pronounced at the highest STAT5A transactivation levels. In contrast, intermediate STAT5A activity levels resulted in the most pronounced proliferative advantage of CD34+ cells. This coincided with increased cobblestone area-forming cell and long-term-culture-initiating cell frequencies, which were predominantly elevated at intermediate STAT5A activity levels but not at high STAT5A levels. Self-renewal of progenitors was addressed by serial replating of CFU, and only progenitors containing intermediate STAT5A activity levels contained self-renewal capacity. By extensive gene expression profiling we could identify gene expression patterns of STAT5 target genes that predominantly associated with a self-renewal and long-term expansion phenotype versus those that identified a predominant differentiation phenotype.

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Alferes, J., and I. Irizar. "Combination of extremum-seeking algorithms with effective hydraulic handling of equalization tanks to control anaerobic digesters." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 11 (June 1, 2010): 2825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.093.

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The benefits of upgrading extremum-seeking controllers with an effective exploitation of the buffer capacity of equalization tanks have been investigated and applied to anaerobic digesters. In this respect, a Fuzzy-based supervisory module that monitors the state of the equalization tank has been designed and built on top of an extremum-seeking algorithm in charge of automatically regulating the wastewater fed into the anaerobic digester. The extremum-seeking controller guarantees good disturbance rejection and methane production around an upper limit set-point. The on-top Fuzzy module optimizes the long-term methane production by modifying this upper limit set-point as a function of the state of the equalization tank. A systematic simulation study has been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed control solution. Thus, on the basis of existing simulation benchmarks for assessment of control strategies in wastewater treatment plants, a dedicated simulation protocol for anaerobic digesters has been defined and implemented. Simulation results have shown that, compared with manual operation, effluent quality and methane production improvements of 10–15% are achieved using the proposed control approach.

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Moro, Tatiana, Francesca Badiali, Iader Fabbri, and Antonio Paoli. "Betaine Supplementation Does not Improve Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength Following 6 Weeks of Cross-Fit Training." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061688.

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We aim to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of betaine supplementation on body composition and muscle performance during CrossFit© training. Twenty-nine subjects matched for training status (4.16 ± 0.95 day/week) and body fat mass (12.66 ± 4.08%) were randomly assigned to a betaine (BET; N = 14) or placebo group (PLA; N = 15). Body composition and cellular hydration were estimated with skinfolds measurement and bioelectrical impendence before and after 6 weeks of training. Muscle performance was assessed using three different tests: 3-RM back-squat for muscle strength, 2 km rowing test for aerobic capacity and Bergeron Beep Test for anaerobic capacity. Muscle strength assessed during back squat significantly increased in BET (p = 0.04) but not in the PLA group, however, there were no statistical differences between groups. Although not significant, fat mass was reduced in BET compared to PLA. Overall, body composition and cell hydration measurements did not change in response to training or betaine supplementation. Short-term (6 weeks) betaine supplementation supports muscle strength but was not ergogenic for trained subjects to aerobic and anaerobic performance in the CrossFit©-specific test.

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Conti, Fosca, Abdessamad Saidi, and Markus Goldbrunner. "Evaluation Criteria and Benefit Analysis of Mixing Process in Anaerobic Digesters of Biogas Plants." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0105.

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AbstractA valid method to evaluate decisions of a project proposal is the so-called cost-benefit analysis. Criteria are selected and properly weighted to determine if the project is effective and feasible. The present research study is focused on methodical selection of design parameters to install two propeller mixers inside anaerobic digesters of biogas plants. A cylindrical tank of 1400 m3 was considered. For the model-based optimisation, the substrate was considered as a non-Newtonian fluid with a density of 1090 kg/m3. The Oswald-de Waele power-law model was selected to account for the rheological behaviour of the fluid. Installation parameters of the mixers were rotational angles and heights of the shafts of the two propellers. A computational model was developed to simulate the fluid dynamics depending on the mixing process inside the tank. Several configurations were analysed according to evaluating criteria such as the value of the fluid velocity, its distribution along the three spatial dimensions, and the power consumption to rotate the mixers. The maximum fluid velocity and minimum power consumption were observed when the propellers are located at intermediate height inside the tank and with the shafts perpendicular to the tank radius. With this configuration, the fluid reaches a maximum velocity of 0.28 m/s. According to the investigation, it is evident that mixing systems with propeller shafts deep-seated and parallel to the tank radius should be avoided, both in term of efficiency of the fluid mixing distribution and in term of power consumption.

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Fu, Yong, Yong Liu, and Jian Yu. "Effects of reconsolidation time on holding capacity of deepwater dynamically installed anchors." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 12 (December 2019): 1876–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0836.

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A dynamically installed anchor (DIA) is a practical and promising type of anchor for deepwater offshore engineering. Currently, very few research studies have reported the effects of reconsolidation time on the holding capacity of DIAs. Moreover, there is no well-established, simple, and practical method for determining the time-dependent holding capacity of a DIA. To solve this problem, a series of centrifuge model tests was conducted by varying the reconsolidation time. In the intermediate-term reconsolidation scenario, the normalized holding capacity increased with the dimensionless time in an approximately log-linear manner. Based on this finding and a conventional American Petroleum Institute (API) method put forth in 2007 as well as the cylindrical cavity expansion theory, a simple three-term framework was developed to estimate the time-dependent holding capacity of DIAs. In this framework, cavity closure and skin friction were quantitatively correlated with the reconsolidation time. To validate the feasibility of the proposed framework, the predicted results were compared with the experimental results of cases in this study and other researchers’ work. As such, it was verified whether this framework could be used to estimate the time-dependent holding capacity of DIAs rationally.

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Platošová, Daniela, Jiří Rusín, Jan Platoš, Kateřina Smutná, and Roman Buryjan. "Case Study of Anaerobic Digestion Process Stability Detected by Dissolved Hydrogen Concentration." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010106.

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The paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment of mesophilic single-stage anaerobic digestion performed to verify the possibility of early detection of process instability and reactor overload by evaluating the course of dissolved hydrogen concentration of the main intermediate. The digestion process was run in a Terrafors IS rotary drum bioreactor for 230 days. The substrate dosed on weekdays was food leftovers from the university canteen. At an average temperature of 37 °C, an organic loading of volatiles of 0.858 kg m−3 day−1 and a theoretical retention time of 259 days, biogas production of 0.617 Nm3 kg VS−1 was achieved with a CH4 content of 51.7 vol. %. The values of the established FOS/TAC stability indicator ranged from 0.26 to 11.4. The highest value was reached when the reactor was overloaded. The dissolved hydrogen concentration measured by the amperometric microsensor ranged from 0.039–0.425 mg dm−3. Data were statistically processed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The correlation of the hydrogen concentration with other parameters such as the concentration of organic acids was evaluated. The value of Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.331 and corresponded to a p-value of 0. The results confirmed a very low limit of the hydrogen concentration at which the microbial culture, especially methanogens, was already overloaded. The amperometric microsensor proved to be rather unsuitable for operational applications due to insufficient sensitivity and short service life. The newly designed ratio of dissolved hydrogen concentration to neutralizing capacity was tested but did not work significantly better than the established FOS/TAC stability indicator.

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Eschenbach, W., and R. Well. "Predicting long-term denitrification capacity of sandy aquifers from incubation experiments and sediment properties." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2012): 8807–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-8807-2012.

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Abstract. Knowledge about the spatial variability of denitrification rates and the lifetime of denitrification in nitrate-contaminated aquifers is crucial to predict the development of groundwater quality. Therefore, regression models were derived to estimate the measured denitrification capacity of incubated aquifer sediments from initial denitrification rates and several sediment parameters, namely total sulphur, total organic carbon, extractable sulfate, extractable dissolved organic carbon, hot water soluble organic carbon and potassium permanganate labile organic carbon. For this purpose, we incubated aquifer material from two sandy Pleistocene aquifers in Northern Germany under anaerobic conditions in the laboratory using the 15N tracer technique. The measured long-term denitrification capacities ranged from 0.18 to 56.2 mg N kg−1 yr−1. The laboratory incubations exhibited high differences between non-sulphidic and sulphidic aquifer material in both aquifers with respect to all investigated sediment parameters. Denitrification rates and the estimated lifetime of denitrification were higher in the sulphidic samples. Denitrification capacity measured during one year of incubation (Dcap) was predictable from sediment variables within a range of uncertainty of 0.5 to 2 (calculated Dcap/measured Dcap) for aquifer material with a Dcap > 20 mg N kg−1 yr−1. Predictions were poor for samples with lower Dcap like samples from the NO3−-bearing groundwater zone, which includes the non-sulphidic samples, from the upper part of both aquifers where Dcap is not sufficient to protect groundwater from anthropogenic NO3− input. Calculation of Dcap from initial denitrification rates was only successful for samples from the NO3−-bearing zone, whereas a lag-phase of denitrification in samples from deeper zones of NO3− free groundwater caused imprecise predictions. Our results thus show that Dcap of sandy Pleistocene aquifers can be predicted using a combination of short-term incubation and analysis of sediment parameters. Moreover, the protective lifetime of denitrification sufficient to remove NO3− from groundwater in the investigated aquifers is limited which demonstrates the need to minimize anthropogenic NO3− input.

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Cookney, J., E. Cartmell, B. Jefferson, and E. J. McAdam. "Recovery of methane from anaerobic process effluent using poly-di-methyl-siloxane membrane contactors." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 4 (February 1, 2012): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.897.

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This paper demonstrates the potential for recovering dissolved methane from low temperature anaerobic processes treating domestic wastewater. In the absence of methane recovery, ca. 45% of the produced methane is released as a fugitive emission which results in a net carbon footprint of −0.47 kg CO2e m−3. A poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) membrane contactor was applied to support sweep gas desorption of dissolved methane using nitrogen. The dense membrane structure controlled gaseous mass transfer thus recovery was maximised at low liquid velocities. At the lowest liquid velocity, VL, of 0.0025 m s−1, 72% of the dissolved methane was recovered. A vacuum was also trialled as an alternative to sweep-gas operation. At vacuum pressures below 30 mbar, reasonable methane recovery was observed at an intermediate VL of 0.0056 m s−1. Results from this study demonstrate that dissolved methane recovery could increase net electrical production from low temperature anaerobic processes by ca. +0.043 kWhe m−3 and reduce the net carbon footprint to +0.01 kg CO2e m−3. However, further experimental work to optimise the gas-side hydrodynamics is required as well as validation of the long-term impacts of biofouling on process performance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Intermediate term anaerobic capacity'

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