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Journal articles on the topic 'Intermediary agents'
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1
Lubbe, B. "The changing role of the travel intermediary." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v3i2.2611.
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This article gives an overview of the changes and developments in the travel industry and the way travel intermediaries like travel agents are responding to them. These changes include the deregulation of airlines and the advent of global distribution systems, the pressure from airlines for lower distribution costs, rapid and fundamental changes in technology and consumer preferences. The responses by travel agents include rapid integration and consolidation within the industry, the use of technology to streamline operations and expand market reach, and the review of traditional revenue models to make way for new approaches to revenue generation. In conclusion, some future scenarios for both leisure and corporate travel distribution are outlined.
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Kibik, Olga, Viacheslav Kotlubay, Iuliia Khaiminova, and Kateryna Belous. "Growth Potential of the Market Force of Intermediary Structures." SHS Web of Conferences 67 (2019): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196704006.
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The aim of the study is to determine the extent and prospects development of market potential of intermediary structures using an example of waterway transport enterprises. Economic liberalization, development of international economic activity, fragmentation and distantness of suppliers and buyers as preconditions for development of intermediary business structures are determined. The main factors hindering the development of intermediary activities are identified, for instance, imperfect regulatory framework, insufficient intermediary’s professionalism, insecurity from intermediaries, low level of responsibility to counterparties, general distrust. Transport companies, in particular, the waterway transport enterprises, are identified as intermediaries that have a significant influence for development of individual economic agents and economic systems. Prospects for the development of sustainable mutually beneficial economic relations or the mutual benefit, the availability of effective information flow, a clear definition of roles, rights and obligations of the involved parties, mutual coordination of behaviour of intermediary structures and clients defined as the main conditions for development of effective interaction of intermediary structures of water transport and clients. In the matter of further studies, attention should be paid to improvement of strengthening mechanism for the responsibility of intermediary structures and clients.
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Peng, Mike W., and Anne S. York. "Behind Intermediary Performance in Export Trade: Transactions, Agents, and Resources." Journal of International Business Studies 32, no. 2 (June 2001): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490955.
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Leitner, Yaron. "Inducing Agents to Report Hidden Trades: A Theory of an Intermediary*." Review of Finance 16, no. 4 (July 16, 2011): 1013–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfr017.
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Molina-Morales, F. Xavier, M. Ángel López-Navarro, and Jaume Guia-Julve. "The Role of Local Institutions as Intermediary Agents in the Industrial District." European Urban and Regional Studies 9, no. 4 (October 2002): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096977640200900403.
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Kart, Elife. "Subcontracted Forms and “Intermediary” Agents of Employment Relationships: Foremen in the Construction Sector." Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 15, no. 24217 (December 1, 2016): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21547/jss.256716.
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Kaufhold, Kathrin, and Daniel Egil Yencken. "Academic writing centres in multilingual settings: Intermediary agents of higher education language policy?" Linguistics and Education 64 (August 2021): 100950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2021.100950.
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Karunaratna, Amal R., and Lester W. Johnson. "Initiating and Maintaining Export Channel Intermediary Relationships." Journal of International Marketing 5, no. 2 (June 1997): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9700500203.
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Firms exporting via foreign channel intermediaries, such as import agents or distributors, trade off a lack of control of the foreign channel for a low-risk market entry. Agency theory and transaction cost analysis suggest that a lack of control manifests itself in the foreign channel intermediary (FCI) having opportunities to behave in its own interests, rather than those of the exporter. Even so, management strategies that result in an alignment of the exporter's and FCI's goals are more likely to result in a perception of satisfaction in the relationship than if only one party's goals were met. Such management strategies should commence with an extensive precontractual screening step to find an intermediary whose goals are complementary to those of the exporter. After forming a trading relationship, an exporter can better coordinate the relationship by noncoercive monitoring of the exporter, and reduce the potential for opportunistic behavior and achieve a relationship that performs to the satisfaction to both parties. Greater monitoring is also likely to maintain a state of goal congruence between the parties. Conditions of environmental uncertainty may, however, create difficulties in precontractual screening by the exporter. A conceptual framework explaining the interaction between these variables has been presented, along with nine testable propositions and directions for future research.
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Rysman, Marc. "The Economics of Two-Sided Markets." Journal of Economic Perspectives 23, no. 3 (August 1, 2009): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.23.3.125.
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Broadly speaking, a two-sided market is one in which 1) two sets of agents interact through an intermediary or platform, and 2) the decisions of each set of agents affects the outcomes of the other set of agents, typically through an externality. In the case of a video game system, the intermediary is the console producer—Sony in the scenario above—while the two sets of agents are consumers and video game developers. Neither consumers nor game developers will be interested in the PlayStation if the other party is not. Similarly, a successful payment card requires both consumer usage and merchant acceptance, where both consumers and merchants value each others' participation. Many more products fit into this paradigm, such as search engines, newspapers, and almost any advertiser-supported media (examples in which consumers typically negatively value, rather than positively value, the participation of the other side), as well as most software or title-based operating systems and consumer electronics. This paper seeks to explain what two-sided markets are and why they interest economists. I discuss the strategies that firms typically consider, and I highlight a number of puzzling outcomes from the perspective of the economics of two-sided markets. Finally, I consider the implications for public policy, particularly antitrust and regulatory policy, where there have been a number of recent issues involving media, computer operating systems, and payment cards.
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Lucinda, Cláudio R., and Richard Saito. "Formas de Financiamento das Empresas: Um Modelo Teórico." Brazilian Review of Finance 7, no. 1 (May 3, 2009): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v7n1.2009.1427.
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This paper aims to understand under which circumstances the employment of the services of a financial intermediary is preferred to the decentralized capital market, as well as to provide some reasons why these types of financing coexist. In order to do that, it will be developed a model in which the free-rider effects lead to profit opportunities for an intermediary when asymmetric information between lenders and borrowers is present. The analysis is extended to a multi-period setting, where the focus is ascertain if, under repeated interaction between the agents, the availability of information on payment history of a borrower alters the previous results.
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Rejesus, Roderick M., Bertis B. Little, Ashley C. Lovell, Mike Cross, and Michael Shucking. "Patterns of Collusion in the U.S. Crop Insurance Program: An Empirical Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, no. 2 (August 2004): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800026730.
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This article analyzes anomalous patterns of agent, adjuster, and producer claim outcomes and determines the most likely pattern of collusion that is suggestive of fraud, waste, and abuse in the federal crop insurance program. Log–linear analysis of Poisson-distributed counts of anomalous entities is used to examine potential patterns of collusion. The most likely pattern of collusion present in the crop insurance program is where agents, adjusters, and producers nonrecursively interact with each other to coordinate their behavior. However, if a priori an intermediary is known to initiate and coordinate the collusion, a pattern where the producer acts as the intermediary is the most likely pattern of collusion evidenced in the data. These results have important implications for insurance program design and compliance.
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Yue, Qi. "Two-Sided Matching with Ordinal Numbers and Costs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 2299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.2299.
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A novel decision method for solving the two-sided matching problem is proposed in this paper, in which the preferences provided by agents are in the format of ordinal numbers and the preference provided by intermediary is in the format of costs. The concept of two-sided matching is firstly introduced, and the two-sided matching problem with ordinal numbers and costs is discribed. Then the related concepts on costs are given. Considering the ordinal number of each agent and the cost of intermediary, a multi-objective optimization model is set up. The method of weighted sums based on membership function is used to convert the multi-objective optimization model into a single-objective model. By solving the model, the matching alternative can be obtained.
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Maier, Katharina. "Intermediary workers: Narratives of supervision and support work within the halfway house setting." Probation Journal 67, no. 4 (October 7, 2020): 410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550520962191.
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Drawing on interviews with halfway house staff, this article provides insight into how these workers conceive of their work and occupational identities within the specific context of the halfway house. Specifically, I examine how halfway house workers seek to differentiate their work and approach to governing former prisoners from that of parole officers. I demonstrate how halfway house workers in this study capitalized on their intermediary position as quasi-state agents, using meso-level complications and struggle to carve out a space in which they felt empowered to carry out multiple, and sometimes conflicting, agendas in their everyday work with halfway house residents.
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Anand, Amber, and Avanidhar Subrahmanyam. "Information and the Intermediary: Are Market Intermediaries Informed Traders in Electronic Markets?" Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 43, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000002738.
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AbstractA significant but unresolved question in the current debate about the role of intermediaries in financial markets is whether intermediaries behave as passive traders or whether they actively seek and trade on information. We address this issue by explicitly comparing the informational advantages of intermediaries with those of other investors in the market. We find that intermediaries account for greater price discovery than other institutional and individual investors in spite of initiating fewer trades and volume. Furthermore, intermediary information does not arise from inappropriate handling of customer orders by intermediaries. We propose that our findings are consistent with noisy rational expectations models, where agents extract valuable information from past prices. Intermediaries bear little or no opportunity cost of monitoring market conditions, which gives them an advantage in making profitable price-contingent trades. Lower trading costs may also enable intermediaries to trade more effectively and frequently on their information.
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Afeadie, Philip Atsu. "Spoken Reminiscences of Political Agents in Northern Nigeria I." History in Africa 34 (2007): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2007.0000.
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British imperial administration in Africa and Asia has originally been characterized as “indirect rule,” but the concept of “indirect rule” has been faulted for several shortcomings, including its inadequacy in explaining relations between the limited number of European officials and the predominance of indigenous personnel in government. Recent research has rather identified political clientage as a suitable model for examining the structures and dynamics of British rule in the non-European world from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. Clientage denotes a mutually beneficial relationship and solidarity between individuals or groups of unequal status and influence in society. It is characterized by dependency between a client and a patron, with varying command over resources and values. This system of cultivating relations of personal loyalty developed as a principle of political activity in many social formations.Clientage operation necessarily involved brokerage. As a medium for political interaction, clientage in indigenous hierarchies embodied agency and linkage between ruling élites and subjects. Accordingly, clientage involved political mediation, which required brokerage or intermediary service. Similarly, clientage in the colonial context essentially involved interaction between hierarchies of imperial rulers and those of the subordinate indigenous government. Mediation and brokerage between governing officials and indigenous rulers also constituted a vital element in imperial governance and administration.
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Theron, Julien. "Networks of Threats: Interconnection, Interaction, Intermediation." Journal of Strategic Security 14, no. 3 (October 2021): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.14.3.1942.
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The rapidly changing global security environment requires to constantly adapt our understanding of threats. The findings of this paper confirm that threats interact with each other on three levels. Security, conflict, war, and strategic studies converge to build a new qualitative theoretical framework for threat analysis. Shaping the global security environment, threats communicate on three levels. Firstly, the interconnection of agents with similar ideological and/or strategic motivations connects threats. Secondly, interaction exacerbates incidental threats through cooperation, competition, and convergence. Thirdly, intermediation occurs between antagonistic threats trying to achieve common intermediary objectives. These networks are driven by agents maximizing their impact and reveals the autonomization and socialization of threats. Tackling these networks requires a global approach and the mobilization of collective security.
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Achmad, Andyna Susiawati, and Astrid Athina Indradewi. "KEDUDUKAN HUKUM DAN TANGGUNG GUGAT PEDAGANG PERANTARA, DISTRIBUTOR, DAN/ATAU AGEN DALAM JALUR DISTRIBUSI BARANG." Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus 4, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/jhmo.v4i2.5294.
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Abstract This research aims to find a legal certainty regarding liability of an intermediary trader towards final consumer. All of these times, there is a legal vacuum regarding the legal relationship which occurs between, sellers, intermediaries, and consumer. Acts No. 8 Year 1999 regarding Consumer Protection classifies intermediary traders, distributors, or agents as mere business actors and not distinguish the role of each of these intermediary parties. The method use for this scientific research is Normative Juridical. The researcher used Statutes Approach, Doctrinal Approach, and Case Approach. This paper will discuss about the legal vacuum which happened during Consumer Protection Law, regarding the relationship status of intermediary traders, there is no clear regulation surrounding the accountability of said middleman and its consumer. Furthermore, the paper will examine differences between various intermediary during the distribution process. The multitude number of intermediary traders has caused many branches of law relationships between intermediaries, businessman, and end consumer. From these relationships, this paper can further explain the type of liability that applies to each party. In conclusion, this research argues that responsibility between each party (producers, intermediary traders, and final consumers) are tiered and must be adjusted accordingly to its type of relationship and the transaction that has occurred. The final consumer cannot meddle or demand accountability from the intermediary trader, if the intermediary itself in the distribution channel only acts as a middleman. Business owners who own intermediary actors cannot resolve themselves from the liability of consumers, whereas the intermediary only acts for them.Keywords: consumer protection; intermediary trader; liabilityAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan secara pasti tentang tanggung gugat perantara perdagangan kepada konsumen akhir. Selama ini terdapat kekosongan hukum mengenai hubungan hukum yang terjadi di antara penjual, perantara, dan konsumen. Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen menggolongkan pedagang perantara, distributor atau agen sebagai pelaku usaha semata dan tidak membedakan kedudukan dari masing-masing para pihak perantara ini. Tipe penelitian ini menggunakan Yuridis Normatif. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Statutes Approach, Doctrinal Approach dan Case Approach. Penelitian ini pertama-tama membahas mengenai kekosongan hukum yang terjadi dalam UUPK mengenai status hubungan perantara perdagangan, belum adanya pengaturan mengenai tanggung gugat yang jelas bagi perantara perdagangan ini membawa kerugian bagi perantara perdagangan dan juga bagi konsumen akhir. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan membahas mengenai berbagai macam jenis Pedagang perantara yang dikenal dalam jalur distribusi. Banyaknya jenis pedagang perantara ini juga melahirkan banyaknya jenis hubungan hukum yang terjadi di antara pedang perantara, pelaku usaha dan konsumen akhir. Dari jenis-jenis hubungan hukum yang tercipta maka barulah dapat di pahami mengenai jenis tanggung gugat yang berlaku bagi masing-masing pihak. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa tanggung jawab yang terjadi antara Produsen, pedagang perantara dan konsumen akhir adalah tanggung jawab berjenjang, yang harus disesuaikan dengan tipe dan jenis hubungan hukumnya dalam setiap transaksi yang terjadi. Konsumen akhir tidak bisa serta merta secara mutlak meminta pertanggung jawaban dari pedagang perantara apabila dalam jalur distribusi pedagangan perantara hanya bertindak sebagai perantara perdagangan. Pelaku usaha yang menggunakan jalur pedagang perantara tidak bisa membebaskan dirinya secara mutlak dari tanggung gugat kepada konsumen akhir, manakala pedagang perantara itu bertindak untuk dan atas nama pelaku usaha tersebut.
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Chen, Katherine K. "Bounded relationality: how intermediary organizations encourage consumer exchanges with routinized relational work in a social insurance market." Socio-Economic Review 18, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 769–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwz037.
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AbstractUsing observations of US governmental, advocacy and human service organizations’ (GAHSOs) talks, I show how these intermediary organizations endorsed ‘bounded relationality’ when teaching conventions about exchanges in the social insurance market. Bounded relationality synthesizes (a) Simon’s argument that organizations’ goals and practices help people compensate for bounded rationality—their cognitive limitations with decision-making—and (b) Zelizer’s relational work, which emphasizes how social relations animate market exchanges. GAHSOs attempted to acculturate older adults and their agents to decision-making routines of information-gathering and processing consumers, savvy information-seekers and watchful monitors. GAHSOs advised routinizing relational work toward making exchanges, including layperson relational work by family members and friends and expert relational work by professionals and advocacy and human service organizations. Bounded relationality supported people’s decision-making when initiating, maintaining or ending exchanges that organizations would recognize and process. By studying how intermediary actors facilitate bounded relationality, we understand how organizations encourage consumer exchanges.
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Popa-Simil, Liviu. "The Need for an Air Sterilization Unit Before Releasing Bio-Hazardous Agents as COVID-19 Virioli in Environment." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 5 (May 2021): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1241.
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Transmission of many viruses occurs by direct transmission during a close contact between two hosts, or by an indirect transmission through the environment, where biotic and abiotic factors may act independently or connected to assure survival of viruses released in the environment, and further direct or intermediary carrier (rats, cats, dogs, squirrels, dears, etc.) transmission back to humans. It is supposed that virioli as SARS-CoV-2 may have exceptional survival times in cold, clean, dark environments traveling short to very long distances, especially in the air or in water, “waiting” for a host to multiply.
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Manabe, Yuichi, Clifford Longley, and Philip Furmanski. "High-level conjugation of chelating agents onto immunoglobulins: use of an intermediary poly(l-lysine)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid carrier." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 883, no. 3 (October 1986): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(86)90285-0.
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Peixoto, João. "Migrants trafficking and individual strategies: the formation of dynamic channels in international migration." MIGRATION LETTERS 3, no. 1 (April 16, 2006): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v3i1.27.
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In this paper, a discussion of the current modalities of migrants trafficking will be made, taking into account the vast expression that it acquires and its extremely dynamic character. The main empirical base is a recent research project carried out in Portugal, which considered both labour and sexual exploitation related flows. The underlying claim is that it is the conjunction of individual aspirations for migration, stringent migration policies and organised intermediary agents that lead to the surge of dynamic modalities for channelling flows. The fact that each agent actively interacts with the others explains the continuing changes in the process.
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Gasparro, Kate, and Ashby Monk. "Demystifying “localness” of infrastructure assets: Crowdfunders as local intermediaries for global investors." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 5 (November 11, 2019): 878–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19887181.
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Infrastructure assets are networked, urban products that can only be understood through their social, economic, and physical geographies. Because of this, they remain difficult to value and monitor. Recently, financialization of infrastructure assets has codified this information for larger capital markets. But the local knowledge needed to understand local infrastructure assets (LIAs), smaller urban products that are closely intertwined in a community’s economic trends and social fabric, is prohibitive to increased investment. At a time when there is a need for renewed investment in LIAs, a new intermediary, capable of translating “localness,” has emerged. LIA crowdfunding platforms connect capital-seeking agents (asset owners) with capital-giving agents (crowdfunders) to channel resources into LIAs. Through close dialogue and review of nearly 70 LIA crowdfunding platforms, we find that LIA crowdfunding platforms are creating a new marketplace for investments in LIAs. These platforms (a) select crowdfunding models that reflect specific asset values; (b) accredit LIAs and their capital-seeking agents considering local context; (c) translate local knowledge for nonlocal and novice capital-giving agents; and (d) reflect the demand for LIAs. Together, these strategies reduce information asymmetries and translate implicit asset information to nonlocal capital-giving agents, thereby facilitating investments into LIAs. Because of their modest growth, LIA crowdfunding platforms have yet to realize their full potential. To scale, crowdfunding platforms must understand their power in complementing the current infrastructure investment market and focus on how their unique position can unlock new investments in LIAs.
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Yazdi, Hanne, Wang, and Wee. "A Credit Rating Model in a Fuzzy Inference System Environment." Algorithms 12, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12070139.
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One of the most important functions of an export credit agency (ECA) is to act as an intermediary between national governments and exporters. These organizations provide financing to reduce the political and commercial risks in international trade. The agents assess the buyers based on financial and non-financial indicators to determine whether it is advisable to grant them credit. Because many of these indicators are qualitative and inherently linguistically ambiguous, the agents must make decisions in uncertain environments. Therefore, to make the most accurate decision possible, they often utilize fuzzy inference systems. The purpose of this research was to design a credit rating model in an uncertain environment using the fuzzy inference system (FIS). In this research, we used suitable variables of agency ratings from previous studies and then screened them via the Delphi method. Finally, we created a credit rating model using these variables and FIS including related IF-THEN rules which can be applied in a practical setting.
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BIZID, A., and E. JOUINI. "INCOMPLETE MARKETS AND SHORT-SALES CONSTRAINTS: AN EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 04, no. 02 (April 2001): 211–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024901000936.
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We consider a general discrete-time dynamic financial market with three assets: a riskless bond, a security and a derivative. The market is incomplete (a priori) and at equilibrium. We assume also that the agents of the economy have short-sales constraints on the stock and that the payoff at the expiry of the derivative asset is a monotone function of the underlying security price. The derivative price process is not identified ex ante. This leads the agents to act as if there were no market for this asset at the intermediary dates. Using some nice properties of the pricing probabilities, which are admissible at the equilibrium, we prove that it suffices to consider the subset of the risk-neutral probabilities that overestimate the low values of the security and underestimate its high values with respect to the true probability. This approach greatly reduces the interval of admissible prices for the derivative asset with respect to no-arbitrage, as showed numerically.
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Oliveira, Pedro, and Jana Turčínková. "Human Capital, Innovation and Internationalization of Micro and Small Enterprises in Rural Territory – a Case Study." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 2 (2019): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967020545.
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This paper investigates the relationship between human capital in micro and small enterprises and their respective behaviors in innovation and internationalization. Based on a case study of interpretative nature, from 2010 till 2012 we collected data about the agri‑food complex of Tagus Valley (Portugal) through triangulation of techniques typically used in qualitative research: direct observation (in farms, units of processing, storage and packaging food stuffs and wines, and regulatory and promotional agents); semi‑structured interviews with individuals representing the various categories of agents involved, alongside a survey with 110 business agents; and statistical data gathered in the Portuguese Agriculture Census. Survey data were object of descriptive, correlational and regression analyses. Our research provides evidence of firms making use of stable partnerships with intermediary economic agents and promoting organizations and demonstrating how effective are endogenous assets (especially those of non‑mercantile nature) to the competitiveness of a rural territory, in the framework of Common Agricultural Policy. In terms of public policies for competitiveness and innovation, according to an institutional view, the state and regional/local governments, research institutions (public or private), higher education institutions and business training centers, sharing a common agenda for endogenous assets valuation, might play a strategic role in an economy strongly built on micro and small enterprises, whose sustainability depends on collaborative networking.
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Su, Xin, Shengsen Duan, Shubing Guo, and Haolong Liu. "Evolutionary Games in the Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Information System: A Multiagent Simulation Approach." Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7684185.
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This paper aims at identifying the key factors to maintain the quality and safety of agricultural products in the agricultural product quality and safety information system (APQSIS). Based on the theoretical framework of information entropy and complexity, this paper uses the dynamic evolutionary game model and the multiagent modeling and simulation to discuss the APQSIS agents’ equilibrium strategies and the effects of their interactive behaviors on the APQSIS evolutionary stability with asymmetric information. The results show that the governmental supervision and intermediary organizations are significant to assuring agricultural product quality and safety (APQS) as well as the effective transmission of APQS information in stable environments with low complexity.
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Whittle, Andrea, Olga Suhomlinova, and Frank Mueller. "Funnel of Interests: The Discursive Translation of Organizational Change." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 46, no. 1 (March 2010): 16–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886309357538.
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In this article, the authors examine the role of discourse in the implementation of organizational change. They develop the concept of the “funnel of interests” to describe the process through which the perceived goals, concerns, and interests of different actors are aligned with change. To illustrate the argument, the authors analyze organizational change in a U.K. public—private partnership and show how the creative use of discourse helps to “funnel” the perceived interests of different groups and thereby facilitate the implementation of change. In particular, the authors examine the role of change agents as “translators,” who use discourse to actively reconstruct and realign change as congruent with the recipient’s interests. The findings suggest that change agents need to act as a mediator, interpreting and reinterpreting the change, rather than as a passive intermediary that simply diffuses a fixed set of ideas and practices, letting them pass without modification. It was through translation that the change agents in this study helped to funnel the broad range of concerns expressed by the recipients in the required direction. This study thereby opens up a new research agenda that seeks to examine how interests and interest groups are constructed through discourse, rather than viewing interests as preexisting entities that are simply expressed in discourse.
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Nissim, Itzhak, Oksana Horyn, Ilana Nissim, Yevgeny Daikhin, Suzanne L. Wehrli, Marc Yudkoff, and Franz M. Matschinsky. "Effects of a glucokinase activator on hepatic intermediary metabolism: study with 13C-isotopomer-based metabolomics." Biochemical Journal 444, no. 3 (May 29, 2012): 537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20120163.
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GKAs (glucokinase activators) are promising agents for the therapy of Type 2 diabetes, but little is known about their effects on hepatic intermediary metabolism. We monitored the fate of 13C-labelled glucose in both a liver perfusion system and isolated hepatocytes. MS and NMR spectroscopy were deployed to measure isotopic enrichment. The results demonstrate that the stimulation of glycolysis by GKA led to numerous changes in hepatic metabolism: (i) augmented flux through the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, as evidenced by greater incorporation of 13C into the cycle (anaplerosis) and increased generation of 13C isotopomers of citrate, glutamate and aspartate (cataplerosis); (ii) lowering of hepatic [Pi] and elevated [ATP], denoting greater phosphorylation potential and energy state; (iii) stimulation of glycogen synthesis from glucose, but inhibition of glycogen synthesis from 3-carbon precursors; (iv) increased synthesis of N-acetylglutamate and consequently augmented ureagenesis; (v) increased synthesis of glutamine, alanine, serine and glycine; and (vi) increased production and outflow of lactate. The present study provides a deeper insight into the hepatic actions of GKAs and uncovers the potential benefits and risks of GKA for treatment of diabetes. GKA improved hepatic bioenergetics, ureagenesis and glycogenesis, but decreased gluconeogenesis with a potential risk of lactic acidosis and fatty liver.
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Mansur, Mansur. "LOKALITAS ISLAM PESISIR (Studi Kasus Aktifitas Perembus dalam Perspektif ‘Urf ‘Izzuddin bin ‘Abd al-Salam Di Desa Kaduara Barat Pamekasan Madura)." Ulumuna: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36420/ju.v5i1.3639.
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Perembus activities have many roles. Starting from serving financial and capital services, fishing partners and companies, agents of socio-economic change, culture-religious and education. There is a unique triangle of relations between the perembus-jhereghen jurung in selling fish catches and the perembus-relationship relation with the provision of facilities and fees, which all have the interest to make large financial gains and seem to shift Islamic values. With a qualitative-ethnographic approach, this study will give birth to a new type of religion in the context of Islam in coastal Madura. Perembus as a company 'intermediary' with fishermen provides a strategic role whose position is parallel even above the social status of the clerics and religious teachers. For the coastal community, the perembus is orèng soghi, 'ruler' and a place to complain for oreng miskèn. Perembus activities in the local coastal ‘urf do not rely on cultural fields, sacred tombs, sacred wells and sacred mosques with the aim of "obtaining blessings", but instead focus on product-reflection in the content of coastal community awareness, especially perembus. Reflection-products grow and develop to form non-socio-cultural material in their activities as an 'intermediary' of the company with fishermen.
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Lippi, Andrea, Laura Barbieri, and Federica Poli. "Money transfer between banks." International Journal of Bank Marketing 38, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-04-2019-0131.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine which individual traits of financial advisors influence portfolio transfer speed when a financial advisor recommends investors to migrate to a new financial intermediary. Design/methodology/approach With reference to the years 2014–2016, one of the three leading Italian tied-agent banks provided the authors with an exclusive and unique data set containing information regarding the financial advisors who had become tied agents, transferring their existing portfolios from their previous banks (traditional or tied-agent banks). The authors observed the ability of the migrant financial advisor in successfully transferring the entire portfolio declared within 12 months of observation. To investigate empirically which personal traits of financial advisors determine their success in the rapid transfer of clients’ portfolios to a new financial intermediary, the authors applied a Cox proportional hazards model. Findings The authors find that factors such as age, type of bank of origin and size of the managed financial portfolio positively affect the speed transfer. Practical implications The obtained results may be interesting for guiding recruiting policies of financial intermediaries. Social implications Regulators should closely examine the phenomenon analyzed in this paper to avoid conflict of interests. Originality/value The literature on this topic is scarce, mainly due to the lack of available data. This paper represents an original contribution to open a new field of research.
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Trio, Oronzo, and Antonio Iazzi. "Trust and Distrust in the Relationships between Construction Firms and Real Estate Agents: Empirical Evidence from Italy." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 4 (March 15, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n4p37.
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<p>The aim of this research is to study the characteristics of the relationships between construction firms and real estate agents in order to understand the nature and the role of trust.</p><p>In the construction industry trust plays a fundamental role as consequence of the long-lasting nature of the residential product, the big investment made in transaction specific assets, and the overlapping roles and responsibilities of the parties involved.</p><p>Real estate agents are the connecting element between the firm and the market and represent a kind of intermediary between buyers and builders.</p><p>Since they could assume an opportunistic behavior, in contrast with the builders’ interest, the construction firms need to keep the control over the internal or external sales force.</p><p>At this end we represent, through 30 in-depth interviews to builders and agents that operate in the Italian residential market, the actors’ points of view on their relationship and on the role of trust for a good relationship with potential customers.</p>Starting from the assumption that the main relevant theoretical dimensions of trust in this field are competence, affective and reputational trust, the research reveal a very low level of trust, both for the insufficient mutual recognition and for the scarce level of perceived transparency in the behavior of the counterpart. The builders and agents have many difficulties in their mutual relationship. There is no collaborative approach. The opportunism affects the behaviors both for the builders’ criticality in selling and for seeking a royalty on the agent’ side.
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Kumar, Dinesh, Rosalia Carron, Carmen La Calle, Dharam Jindal, and Ranju Bansal. "Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent inodilators." Acta Pharmaceutica 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v1007-008-0021-4.
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Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent inodilatorsThe present study describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-substituted-6-(4-acylaminophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent inodilating agents. The synthesis of target compounds2-4and7-11was achieved by Friedel-Crafts acylation of appropriate anilide derivative with succinic anhydride or methylsuccinic anhydride and subsequent cyclization of intermediary keto acids with various hydrazine derivatives. The newly synthesized pyridazinone derivatives were evaluated for cardiotonic activity using isolated rat atria and for vasorelaxant activity using descending thoracic aortic rings of Wistar rats precontracted with phenylephrine (10-6mol L-1). 6-(4-Methanesulfonamidophenyl)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one (7) exhibited significant inodilatory properties and showed vasorelaxant activity in a nanomolar range (IC50= 0.08 ± 0.01 μmol L-1).
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Mustakim, Mustakim. "Retailing in Electronic Commerce: Travel and Tourism Services Online." MAJESTY JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33487/majesty.v1i1.51.
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In recent years, the emergence of new tourism services and products, coupled with a rapid increase in tourism demand, have driven the wide-scale adoption of ITs in general, and in particular, the Internet as an electronic intermediary. In other words, the Internet serves as a new communication and distribution channel for e-travelers and suppliers of travel services and products. This new channel also enables tourism businesses to improve their competitiveness and performance. The aim of this paper is to highlight how retailing in e-commerce (travel tourism service online) according to the experts is, special services, such as wireless services, direct marketing, alliances and consortia, benefits and limitation of travel online service, the impact of EC on the travel industry, corporate travel and intelligent agents in travel services.
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Prasetijo, Adi. "Memahami Hubungan Orang Ruimba dan Waris-Jenang dalam Konteks Teori Praktek." Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/endogami.2.1.1-10.
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In the past, the relationship between the Orang Rimba and the outside world had to be through intermediaries or middleman commonly referred to as waris-jenang, appointed by the Jambi Sultanate. Eventually this function gradually changes. With the world increasingly open, and intermediary functions also decreasing, they can interact directly with outside communities. By using a theory practice approach by Bourdieu (1977), we can understand that Orang Rimba of Jambi cannot be seen as victims but more than that, they are active social agents to play a role with the capital they have. They play in the social arena that they understand and have experience in. Their relationship with various parties, including corporations, NGOs, and outside communities gives them symbolic power about how they play their identity as a group of indigenous people.
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Pingle, Mark, and Leigh Tesfatsion. "ACTIVE INTERMEDIATION IN OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS ECONOMIES WITH PRODUCTION AND UNSECURED DEBT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 2, no. 2 (June 1998): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100598007032.
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It is well known that the first welfare theorem can fail for overlapping generations economies with private production and unsecured debt. This paper demonstrates that the reason for this failure is that intermediation is modeled as a purely passive coordination activity implemented by a Walrasian Auctioneer. When intermediation is modeled instead as a contestable activity carried out by a corporate intermediary owned by consumer-shareholders and operated in their interest, every equilibrium is Pareto efficient. In broader terms, these findings caution that the inefficiency observed in standard modelings of overlapping generations economies may not be the reflection of an intrinsic market failure. Rather, the observed inefficiency could instead be due to a fundamental incompleteness in the model specification — the presumed inability of private agents to exploit the earnings opportunities associated with incurring and forever rolling over debt.
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Terry, Fiona. "The International Committee of the Red Cross in Afghanistan: reasserting the neutrality of humanitarian action." International Review of the Red Cross 93, no. 881 (February 9, 2011): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383111000026.
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AbstractNeutrality as a guiding principle of humanitarian action was roundly rejected by most actors in Afghanistan's latest conflict. One party to the conflict commandeered assistance and aid organizations into a counter-insurgency campaign, and the other rejected Western aid organizations as agents of an imperialist West. The murder in 2003 of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) water engineer Ricardo Munguia, because of what he symbolized, cast doubt on whether the ICRC could be perceived as neutral in this highly polarized context. Rather than abandon a neutral stance, however, as so many aid organizations did, the ICRC persevered and, through some innovative and sometimes risky initiatives, managed to show both sides the benefits of having a neutral intermediary in conflict. Today, the ICRC continues to expand its reach to Afghans in dire need of humanitarian assistance.
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VANNIER, CHRISTIAN NEIL. "Indigenous Professional Development Workers in Haiti." Michigan Academician 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 332–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7245/0026-2005-41.3.332.
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ABSTRACTIndigenous development professionals in southern Haiti occupy an intermediary position between actors and institutions of the international development industry and the rural peasant beneficiaries of development projects and programs. Educated and trained as agronomists or development technicians, these professionals facilitate the transmission of northern development standards and ideologies to southern subjectivities. By first situating Haitian development into greater post-structural understandings of how the global south is produced, these agents of globalization will be oriented as rural intellectuals in the Gramscian sense. In the rural communes surrounding the city of Les Cayes in southern rural Haiti, indigenous professionals have a place in the social field that characterizes localized development practice, which itself is located in larger regimes of power and representation that typify development processes around the world. These frequently urban-based professional agents carry western-based discourses surrounding modernity, secularism, and scientific capitalism to local peasant communities that are ideologically constructed as antitheses to these discourses. However, a case study of these processes demonstrates that the produced “truths” regarding aid and development are mediated and negotiated through social encounters between development intermediaries and aid recipients. This article concludes that localized development intermediaries represent new and important intellectual strata through which the peasantry engages global governance institutions.
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Gerhauser, Clarissa. "Impact of dietary gut microbial metabolites on the epigenome." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1748 (April 23, 2018): 20170359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0359.
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Within the past decade, epigenetic mechanisms and their modulation by natural products have gained increasing interest. Dietary bioactive compounds from various sources, including green tea, soya, fruit and berries, cruciferous vegetables, whole grain foods, fish and others, have been shown to target enzymes involved in epigenetic gene regulation, including DNA methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases and demethylases in vitro and in cell culture. Also, many dietary agents were shown to alter miRNA expression. In vivo studies in animal models and humans are still limited. Recent research has indicated that the gut microbiota and gut microbial metabolites might be important mediators of diet–epigenome interactions. Inter-individual differences in the gut microbiome might affect release, metabolism and bioavailability of dietary agents and explain variability in response to intervention in human studies. Only a few microbial metabolites, including folate, phenolic acids, S -(−)equol, urolithins, isothiocyanates, and short- and long-chain fatty acids have been tested with respect to their potential to influence epigenetic mechanisms. Considering that a complex mixture of intermediary and microbial metabolites is present in human circulation, a more systematic interdisciplinary investigation of nutri-epigenetic activities and their impact on human health is called for. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.
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Guijarro, Luis, Jose Vidal, Vicent Pla, and Maurizio Naldi. "Economic Analysis of a Multi-Sided Platform for Sensor-Based Services in the Internet of Things." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020373.
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A business model for sensor-based services is proposed where a platform creates a multi-sided market. The business model comprises a platform that serves as an intermediary between human users, app developers, and sensor networks, so that the users use the apps and the apps process the data supplied by the sensor networks. The platform, acting as a monopolist, posts a fee for each of the three sides so as to maximize its profit. This business model intends to mimic the market-creating innovation that main mobile apps platforms have generated in the smartphone sector. We conduct an analysis of the profit maximization problem faced by the platform, show that optimum prices exist for any parameter value, and show that these prices always induce an equilibrium in the number of agents from each side that join the platform. We show that the relative strength of the value that advertisers attach to the users determines the platform price structure. Depending on the value of this relative strength, two alternative subsidizing strategies are feasible: to subsidize either the users’ subscription or the developers’ registration. Finally, all agents benefit from an increase in the population at any of the three sides. This result provides a rationale for incentivizing not only the user participation, but also the entry of developer undertakings and the deployment of wireless sensor network infrastructure.
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FISCHER, Yvan, Uwe BÖTTCHER, Markus EBLENKAMP, Julia THOMAS, Eberhard JÜNGLING, Peter RÖSEN, and Helmut KAMMERMEIER. "Glucose transport and glucose transporter GLUT4 are regulated by product(s) of intermediary metabolism in cardiomyocytes." Biochemical Journal 321, no. 3 (February 1, 1997): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3210629.
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Alternative substrates of energy metabolism are thought to contribute to the impairment of heart and muscle glucose utilization in insulin-resistant states. We have investigated the acute effects of substrates in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. Exposure to lactate, pyruvate, propionate, acetate, palmitate, β-hydroxybutyrate or α-oxoglutarate led to the depression of glucose transport by up to 50%, with lactate, pyruvate and propionate being the most potent agents. The percentage inhibition was greater in cardiomyocytes in which glucose transport was stimulated with the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine or with a submaximal insulin concentration than in basal or fully insulin-stimulated cells. Cardiomyocytes from fasted or diabetic rats displayed a similar sensitivity to substrates as did cells from control animals. On the other hand, the amination product of pyruvate (alanine), as well as valine and the aminotransferase inhibitors cycloserine and amino-oxyacetate, stimulated glucose transport about 2-fold. In addition, the effect of pyruvate was counteracted by cycloserine. Since reversible transamination reactions are known to affect the pool size of the citrate cycle, the influence of substrates, amino acids and aminotransferase inhibitors on citrate, malate and glutamate content was examined. A significant negative correlation was found between alterations in glucose transport and the levels of citrate (P < 0.01) or malate (P < 0.01), and there was a positive correlation between glucose transport and glutamate levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no correlation with changes in [1-14C]pyruvate oxidation or in glucose-6-phosphate levels. Finally, pyruvate decreased the abundance of GLUT4 glucose transporters at the surface of phenylephrine- or insulin-stimulated cells by 34% and 27% respectively, as determined by using the selective photoaffinity label [3H]ATB-BMPA {[3H]2-N-[4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl]-1,3-bis-(d-mannos-4-yloxy)propyl-2-amine}. In conclusion, cardiomyocyte glucose transport is subject to counter-regulation by alternative substrates. The glucose transport system appears to be controlled by (a) compound(s) of intermediary metabolism (other than glucose 6-phosphate), but in a different way than pyruvate dehydrogenase. Transport inhibition eventually occurs via a decrease in the amount of glucose transporters in the plasma membrane.
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Moon, Hyun-Seuk. "Chemopreventive Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Obesity-Related Cancers." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 68, no. 2 (2016): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443994.
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Background: It has been generally accepted that being overweight or obese is a risk factor for several types of cancers, including breast, thyroid, colon, pancreatic and liver. In fact, people who are obese have more fat tissues that can produce hormones, such as insulin or estrogen, which may cause cancer cells to grow. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is anorganosulfur compound derived from octanoic acid, which is produced in animals normally, and is essential for aerobic metabolism. Summary: Studies in both in vitro cells and in vivo animal models have shown that ALA inhibits the initiation and promotion stages of carcinogenesis, suggesting that ALA has considerable attention as a chemopreventive agent. This brief review collects the scattered data available in the literature concerning ALA and highlights its anti-cancer properties, intermediary metabolism and exploratory implications. Key Messages: Based on scientific evidences so far, ALA might be useful agents in the management or chemoprevention of obesity-related cancers.
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Borcherding, Dana C., Kevin He, Neha V. Amin, and Angela C. Hirbe. "TYK2 in Cancer Metastases: Genomic and Proteomic Discovery." Cancers 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164171.
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Advances in genomic analysis and proteomic tools have rapidly expanded identification of biomarkers and molecular targets important to cancer development and metastasis. On an individual basis, personalized medicine approaches allow better characterization of tumors and patient prognosis, leading to more targeted treatments by detection of specific gene mutations, overexpression, or activity. Genomic and proteomic screens by our lab and others have revealed tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as an oncogene promoting progression and metastases of many types of carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematologic cancers. TYK2 is a Janus kinase (JAK) that acts as an intermediary between cytokine receptors and STAT transcription factors. TYK2 signals to stimulate proliferation and metastasis while inhibiting apoptosis of cancer cells. This review focuses on the growing evidence from genomic and proteomic screens, as well as molecular studies that link TYK2 to cancer prevalence, prognosis, and metastasis. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of TYK2 is currently used clinically for autoimmune diseases, and now provides promising treatment modalities as effective therapeutic agents against multiple types of cancer.
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Vlad, Ilinca Margareta, Diana Camelia Nuta, Cornel Chirita, Miron Teodor Caproiu, Constantin Draghici, Florea Dumitrascu, Coralia Bleotu, et al. "In Silico and In Vitro Experimental Studies of New Dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)one O-(arylcarbamoyl)-oximes Designed as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020321.
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In a drug-repurposing-driven approach for speeding up the development of novel antimicrobial agents, this paper presents for the first time in the scientific literature the synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, in silico analysis, antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains in planktonic and biofilm growth state, as well as the in vitro cytotoxicity of some new 6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)one O-(arylcarbamoyl)oximes. The structures of intermediary and final substances (compounds 7a–j) were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and IR spectra, as well as by elemental analysis. The in silico bioinformatic and cheminformatic studies evidenced an optimal pharmacokinetic profile for the synthesized compounds 7a–j, characterized by an average lipophilic character predicting good cell membrane permeability and intestinal absorption; low maximum tolerated dose for humans; potassium channels encoded by the hERG I and II genes as potential targets and no carcinogenic effects. The obtained compounds exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity against the planktonic Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis strains and the Candida albicans fungal strain. The obtained compounds also inhibited the ability of S. aureus, B. subtilis, Escherichia coli and C. albicans strains to colonize the inert substratum, accounting for their possible use as antibiofilm agents. All the active compounds exhibited low or acceptable cytotoxicity levels on the HCT8 cells, ensuring the potential use of these compounds for the development of new antimicrobial drugs with minimal side effects on the human cells and tissues.
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Mohamed J. Saadh, Bashar Haj Rashid M, Roa’a Matar, Sajeda Riyad Aldibs, Hala Sbaih, and Saed Aldalaen. "SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (October 13, 2020): 977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3401.
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SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.
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Morgan, Kenneth. "Remittance Procedures in the Eighteenth-Century British Slave Trade." Business History Review 79, no. 4 (2005): 715–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25097112.
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This article considers the changing nature of remittance procedures in the eighteenth-century British slave trade. It explains why bills of exchange became the preferred form of making payment for slave sales, rather than specie or produce. It also indicates the legal and institutional practices that informed the circulation of bills of exchange in a notoriously risky form of long-distance trade. The growth and complexity of the British slave trade, which was conducted mainly by private merchants, led to procedures such as remitting bills “in the bottom” of ships that had supplied slaves to North American and Caribbean markets and the extension of lengthy credit periods to purchasers. Colonial factors played a role as well, acting as the agents for coordinating remittances, and secure British merchant houses were deployed as “guarantees” for payment by bills. The development of credit practices associated with the slave trade, including remittance procedures, helped to strengthen the British economy by providing sound, complex intermediary instruments for the realization of profits from international trade.
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Baburyan, L. M. "Tax Consulting as a Tool to Support Business Activities of Organizations." Economics, taxes & law 11, no. 3 (November 6, 2018): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2018-11-3-146-152.
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The subject of the research is tax consulting aimed at ensuring the proper business activity of organizations. The purpose of the research was is to substantiate the need for the tax consulting as a special tool for supporting corporate business activities. The paper deals with the current specifics of the tax consulting as a separate area of the service economy within the framework of the service-dominant logic concept that reflects the degree of involvement of all participants of financial relations in the tax consulting processes. From the standpoint of institutionalism, the tax consulting institution is regarded as a financial intermediary performing mediation or auxiliary functions to ensure interactions between basic agents of the economic system, in particular, communications between the state and business entities. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that a developed tax consulting institution as an integrated attribute of the tax system determines the levels of corporate business activities and business development. The research findings are intended for participants of the tax consulting and auditing market.
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Madrah, Muna Yastuti, and Suharko Suharko. "Migrant Workers as Cultural Intermediaries." KOMUNITAS: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v11i1.18206.
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This article aims at proposing an analysis formula on how the mechanism of cultural intermediaries done by Indonesian migrant worker student. The subject of this study were Indonesia migrant worker students in Korea undertaking higher education while under the contract as migrant workers. Various previous research on migrant workers mostly put them as "those who are powerless or unskilled." The emergence of these migrant worker students reflects that there is a change in values in viewing immaterial consumption by migrant workers. There is a kind of trendsetter (role model) that might influence them to enter the university as well as mediate new culture to other migrant workers. In this context, they are mediating the importance of having a higher education. Cultural intermediaries have an important role in creating a new social class. Many research reported, those involved in the work of cultural intermediaries include music critics, fashion directors, bloggers, stylists, advertisers, brand agents- refer to a certain social class. However, there has not been much research on intermediary work carried out by migrant workers. This study conveys a new perspective placing migrant workers as actors involved in mediating "cultural products" and consumption of "tastes" of consumers.
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McCabe, Sophia Quach. "Intermediaries and the Market: Hans Rottenhammer’s Use of Networks in the Copper Painting Market." Arts 8, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8020075.
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In Willem van Haecht’s Gallery of Cornelis van der Geest, The Last Judgment by the German artist Hans Rottenhammer stands prominently in the foreground. Signed and dated 1598, it is one of many copper panel paintings Rottenhammer produced and sent north of the Alps during his decade-long sojourn in Venice. That the work was valued alongside those of Renaissance masters raises questions about Rottenhammer’s artistic status and how the painting reached Antwerp. This essay examines Rottenhammer’s international market as a function of his relationships with artist-friends and agents, especially those in Venice’s German merchant community. By employing digital visualization tools alongside the study of archival documents, the essay attends to the intermediary connections within a social network, and their effects on the art market. It argues for Rottenhammer’s use of—and negotiation with—intermediaries to establish an international career. Through digital platforms, such as ArcGIS and Palladio, the artist’s patronage group is shown to have shifted geographically, from multiple countries around 1600 to Germany and Antwerp after 1606, when he relocated to Augsburg. Yet, the same trusted friends and associates he had established in Italy continued to participate in Rottenhammer’s business of art.
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Simatupang, David Oscar. "Vegetable Commodity Supply Chain Integration Between Productivity of Transportation, the Farm Share and Margin of Measurement for Profits at North Sulawesi." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 6 (November 26, 2017): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i6.1053.
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The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the supply chain in Gapoktan (farmers group) organization, characteristics and transportation productivity and the margin measurement for profit and farmer share agents on the level of supply chain from sub-district Modoinding (the production central area for vegetables) South Minahasa, into city regions Manado through traditional and modern markets. The method that is used in this study is descriptive analysis for qualitative and quantitative data by dividing three kinds of vegetables namely potato, cabbage and tomato. The research areas were selected through purposive sampling, namely sub-district Modoinding and the city of Manado. The research results show that the integration of supply chain, in this case an effective partnership, occurs at the farm gate itself in a Gapoktan organization. The result also shows that Track 1 is the most efficient but Tract 2 is the most effective with the ratio of productivity for 42%, the highest margin and profit are found in large middlemen, and tomato has the highest R/C and farmer share in small merchants and traders also an intermediary. Keywords: Integrated supply chain, productivity of transportation, profit margin and farmer share
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Busacca, Gesualdo. "Places of Encounter: Relational Ontologies, Animal Depiction and Ritual Performance at Göbekli Tepe." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 27, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977431600072x.
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Archaeologists have long debated the potential role of iconographic repertoires in reconstructing prehistoric ontologies and symbolic systems. The rich and complex imagery unearthed at Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli Tepe (Turkey) has offered a promising ground to address this issue further. Previous interpretations have focused on the symbolic meaning of the depictions, often highlighting their male-centred and violent connotations, while overlooking the spatial and performative contexts of the depictions. This paper engages with this scholarly work in order to propose a new interpretation based on the anthropological framework of relational ontologies and on the analysis of some stylistic and contextual aspects of the iconography. Based on these premises, the curvilinear enclosures of Göbekli Tepe are interpreted as places of encounter devoted to interpersonal relationships among human and non-human agents, enabled by the intermediary role of images. The use of particular techniques of visual representation—including cues of motion and an emphasis on three-dimensionality—along with the centripetal orientation of the animal figures contributed to the animation of the depicted animals and to a sense of convergence of human and non-human beings in the social space of the enclosures.